Code of Conduct CP:
The United States federal government should offer a Code of Conduct
to all space-faring nations that prohibits harmful interference against
man-made space objects and reduces practices that contribute to the
weaponization of space, including (insert thing plan creates here,
like: Solar Powered Satellites). The United States federal government
should create enforcement mechanisms and transparency and
verification measures for every country that agrees to the Code of
Conduct.
Code of conduct solves conflict --- creates cooperation
Krepon 8 (Michael Krepon is the co-founder of Stimson, and director of the South Asia and Space Security
programs, writer/editor of 13 books and over 350 articles, MA from Johns Hopkins in International Studies, BA from
Franklin and Marshall College, “SPACE AS A STRATEGIC ASSET TWILIGHT WAR: THE FOLLY OF U.S. SPACE
DOMINANCE, AND THE POLITICS OF SPACE SECURITY: STRATEGIC RESTRAINT AND THE PURSUIT OF
NATIONAL INTERESTS,” The Non-Proliferation Review, November 1, 2008, Vol. 15 No. 3, 549-554, accessed June 20,
2011)
Johnson-Freese makes the case for … states that violate treaty provisions.
NASA Phase Out CP:
The United States federal government should restrict the mission of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration to only allow activities that
occur beyond the Earth-Moon system, bar NASA from building and
operating launch vehicles and lunar exploration equipment, require all
other nondefense and nonemergency launches and lunar exploration
equipment to be purchased from the private sector, and enforce the
Commercial Space Act Requirement that NASA must acquire scientific data
from private firms.
The CP solves – phases out NASA and spurs market ingenuity that’s
necessary to solve the aff.
Hudgins 99—, director of regulatory studies at CATO
(Edward L. “35. National Aeronautics and Space Administration,” CATO Handbook for
Congress, http://www.cato.org/pubs/handbook/hb107/hb107-35.pdf)
In general, all activities … other future goals be attained.
Prizes CP:
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration should establish ten
ten-million dollar prizes for the development of […] technology.
NASA held prizes encourage innovation and R and D.
Kalil 6—Special Assistant to the Chancellor for Science and Technology at UC Berkeley,
Senior Fellow with the Center for American Progress & Former Deputy Assistant to
President Clinton for Technology and Economic Policy
(December, Thomas, “Prizes for Technological Innovation,” The Hamilton Project, The
Brookings Institution, Discussion Paper 2006-08)
Among all federal agencies… before making them a mainstream tool.
NASA guarantees coercion and inefficient failures, and aff args are biased
and wrong -- only the CP solves.
Ludlow, 2008
[Lawrence, freelance writer with an MA and BA from University of Toronto, “NASA, the
Aerospace Welfare Queen”, Strike the Root, April 30, http://www.strike-theroot.com/81/ludlow/ludlow2.html]
The Original Sub-Prime Mortgage … all socialist ventures such as NASA's.
Cooperation DA:
Obama is pursuing space cooperation – US multilateral leadership is
creating a framework against weaponization
Huntley, 11 - senior lecturer in the National Security Affairs department at the Naval Postgraduate School in
Monterey, California (Wade, “The 2011 U.S. National Space Security Policy: Engagement as a Work in Progress”,
Disarmament Times, Spring, http://disarm.igc.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=429:the-2011-usnational-space-security-policy-engagement-as-a-work-in-progress&catid=154:disarmament-times-spring2011&Itemid=2)
As is well understood, the space … devils may lurk in these details.
The perception of pursuing space dominance will destroy the commitment
to the new Obama National Space Policy
Dant, 11 - chief of staff of the Air Force fellow and the director of space policy for the under secretary of defense for
policy (Daniel, High Frontier, February, " The National Space Policy: Sustainability and Cooperation in a Congested,
Competitive, and Contested Domain,” http://www.afspc.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-110224-052.pdf)
Cooperation for contested and … coalition of responsible space-faring nations.
Unilateral action alienates allies and shatters other areas of cooperation
Sabathier et. al 6— senior associate with the CSIS Technology and Public Policy
Program and former senior fellow and director of CSIS space initiative (September 18,
2oo6 ,Vincent G. Sabathier, D.A. Broniatowski, G. Ryan Faith, Center for Strategic and
International Studies, “The Case for Managed International Cooperation in Space
Exploration”,
http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/060918_managed_international_cooperation.pdf
)
International cooperation is … cooperation would be more likely.
Space control is impossible, countermeasures override deterrence and risk
nuclear escalation
Krepon et al, 11 – President of the Henry L. Stimson Center, also Theresa Hitchens, Director of the United
Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and Michael Katz-Hyman, Research Associate at the Henry L. Stimson
Center on the Space
Security and South Asia Projects (Michael, Toward a Theory of Space Power: Selected Essays, February,
http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/spacepower/spacepower.pdf)
While some have compared …. undercut by the use of force in space.
Heteronormativity:
The politics of space are profoundly gendered–the discourse of exploration,
development, and colonization reproduce heteronormative hierarchies and
ensure the continuation of heteronormative dominance in space.
Griffin 9 (Penny, Senior Lecturer - Convenor, MA International Relations, ‘The Spaces Between Us: The Gendered
Politics of Outer Space’, in Bormann, N. and Sheehan, M. (eds), Securing Outer Space. London and New York: Routledge,
pp.59-75.)
'Outer space' as a human, political domain …. always, and not incidentally, gendered
Heteronormativity results in omnicide. The combination of the universal
suspicion of Queerness and the genocidal impulse to eradicate it motivates a
larger apocalyptic movement to rescue hetero-culture with extinction.
Sedgwick 8 (Eve, Professor of English at Duke University, Epistemology of the Closet, second revised edition,
California at Berkeley Press, p. 127-130)
scenarios of same-sex desire would seem … be opened and opened and opened?
The alternative is to embrace Queerness and reject the 1AC.
Steyaert 10 (Doctor in Psychology and Professor in Organizational Psychology at the University of St. Gallen
(January 2010, Chris, Gender, Work and Organization., “Queering Space: Heterotopic Life in Derek Jarman’s Garden”,
vol. 17, no. 1)
rich artistic output…, and extremely poor.