Chapter 7 romantic love Idealized lovebased on romance and perfection unrequited love Loving another when the love will never be returned companionate love An intimate form of love that involves friendly affection and deep attachment based on a familiarity with loved one. Also referred to as conjugal love. conjugal love An intimate form of love that involves familiarity with the loved one. self-love Love for one’s self; the instinct or desire to promote ones own well-being. Narcissism Excessive admiration of oneself Chapter 8 constancy The realization in the young child that ones gender does not normally change over the life span sexual script The sum total of a persons internalized knowledge about sexuality semenarche The experience of first ejaculation Menarche The first menstruation Abstinence Refraining from intercourse and often other forms of sexual contact. Chapter 9 Patriarchy A social system in which the father is the head of the family and men have authority over women and children. Cohabitation Living together in a sexual relationship when not legally married. common-law marriage A marriage existing by mutual agreement between a man and woman, or by the fact of their cohabitation, without civil or religious ceremony Alimony An allowance for support made under court order to a divorced person by the former spouse usually the chief provider during the marriage. Palimony An allowance for support made under court order and given usually by one person to his or her former lover or live-in companion after they have separated. asexual relationship A type of intimate relationship in which the partners do not engage in sexual intercourse. comarital sex The consenting of married couples to sexually exchange partners. Swinger A man, woman, or couple who openly exchanges sexual partners (also called a polyamorist) Polyamorist See swinger arranged marriage Marriage that is arranged by parents or relatives and is often not based on love Polygamy The condition or practice of having more than one spouse at a time Polygyny The condition or practice of having more than one wife at a time. Polyandry The condition or practice of having more than one husband at a time. consanguineous marriage, A type of marriage between blood relatives, usually to maintain the integrity of family property domestic partner A person other than a spouse with whom one cohabits. Domestic partners can be either same or other sex. covenant marriage A marriage that is preceded b premarital counseling and has strict rules about divorce. serial divorce The practice of divorce and remarriage, followed by divorce and remarriage. Chapter 10 sexual response Series of physiological and psychological changes that occur in the body during sexual behavior sexual response cycle Four stage model of sexual arousal proposed by Masters and Johnson Excitement The first stage of the sexual response cycle, in which an erection occurs in males and vaginal lubrication occurs in females Plateau The second stage of the sexual response cycle, occurring prior to orgasm, in which vasocongestion builds up. Orgasm The third stage of the sexual response cycle, which involves an intense sensation during the peak of sexual arousal and results in a release of sexual tension. Resolution The fourth stage of the sexual response cycle, in which the body returns to the prearoused state. Vasocongestion An increase in the blood concentrated in the male and female genitals, as well as in the female breasts, during sexual activity. Myotonia Invouluntary contractions of the muscles. Transudation The lubrication of the vagina during sexual arousal tenting effect During sexual arousal in females, the cervix and uterus pull up, and the upper third of the vagina balloons open, makes a larger opening in the cervix. Introitus Entrance to the vagina. sex flush A temporary reddish color change that some times develops during sexual excitement. orgasmic platform, The thickening of the walls on the outer third of the vagina. multiple orgasms More than one orgasm experienced within a short period of time. G-spot Grafenberg spot. A controversial structure that is said to lie on the front wall of the vagina and is reputed to be a seat of sexual pleasure when stimulated. pelvic congestion Occurs when blood pools in the veins in the uterus, ovaries, and vulva, causing cramping and general discomfort. Typically this pain is lessened after orgasmic release. Tumescence The swelling of the penis due to vascongestion, causing an erection. Detumescence The return of an erect penis to the flaccid state ejaculatory inevitability, A feeling that ejaculation can no longer be controlled. refractory stage, The period of time after an ejaculation in which men cannot be stimulated to further orgasm. triphasic model Proposed by Helen Singer Kaplan, Three phases. Desire, excitement, and orgasm Celibacy The state of remaining unmarried, often used today to refer to abstaining from sex. Abstinence The refraining from intercourse and often other forms of sexual contact. sexual cognition Thoughts about sex. mutual masturbation Simultaneous masturbation of sexual partners by each other. manual sex The physical caressing of the genitals during solo or partner masturbation. cunnilingus The act of sexually stimulating the female genitals with the mouth. fellatio sixty-nine Oral sex that is preformed simultaneously between two partners. Anilingus Oral stimulation of the anus. Intromission Insertion of the penis into the vagina or anus. Chapter 11 Biphobia Strongly negative attitudes toward bisexuals and bisexuality Heterophobia Fear of straight people. sequential bisexuality Having sex exclusively with one gender followed by sex exclusively with the other. contemporaneous bisexuality Having sexual partners or both sexes during the same time period. situational homosexuality Homo sexuality that occurs because of a lack of heterosexual partners. Chapter 12 mucus plug A collection of thick mucus in the cervix that prevents bacteria from entering the uterus. spontaneous abortion A natural process whereby the body expels a developing embryo. Zygote The single cell resulting from the union of a male and female gamete, the fertilized ovum Blastocyst The hollow ball of embryonic cells that enters the uterus from the Fallopian tubes and eventually implants. Embryo The developing organism from the 2nd to the 8th weeks of gestation Amnion A thin, tough, membranous sac that encloses the embryo or fetus Placenta The structure through which the exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulations occurs. umbilical cord The long, ropelike structure that connects the fetus to the placenta. fraternal twins Two offspring developed from two separate ova fertilized by different spermatozoa. Dizygotic Pertaining to or derived from two separate zygotes. identical twins Two offspring developed from a single zygote that completely divides into two separate, genetically identical zygotes. Monozygotic Pertaining to or derived from one zygote. conjoined twins, Twins who are born physically joined together. morning sickness, The nausea and vomiting that some women have when they become pregnant, typically caused by the increase in hormones. Can occur at any point in the day. Pseudocyesis A condition in which a woman experiences signs of pregnancy, even though she is not pregnant. Couvades A condition in which the father experiences the symptoms of pregnancy and or childbirth without an actual pregnancy. hCG The hormone that stimulates production of estrogen and progesterone to maintain pregnancy. false negative/positive Incorrect result of a medical test or procedure that wrongly shows the lack of a finding. RIA blood test Blood Pregnancy test. Radioimmunoassy ectopic pregnancy The implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterus, such as in the Fallopian tubes or abdomen. Naegeles rule A means of figuring the due date by subtracting 3 months from the frist day of the last menstrual period and adding 7 days. Amniocentesis A procedure in which a small sample of amniotic fluid is then analyzed to detect chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus or to determine the sex of the fetus. amniotic fluid The fluid in the amniotic cavity female infanticide The killing of female infants, practiced in some countries that value males more than females. infertility, The inability to conceive. Laparoscopy A procedure that allows a direct view of all the pelvic organs, including the uterus, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Also refers to a number of important surgeries involving the laparoscope. Hysteroscopy Visual inspection of the uterine cavity with an endoscope Variocele An unnatural swelling of the veins in the scrotum. artificial insemination Artificially introducing sperm into a womans reproductive tract. sperm bank A storage facility that holds supplies of sperm for future use. IVF In Vitro Fertilization A procedure in which a woman’s ova are removed from her body, fertilized with sperm in a lab, and then surgically implanted back into her uterus. GIFT Gamete intra-Fallopian tube transfer A reproductive technique in which sperm and ova are collected and inejected into the Fallopian tube prior to fertilization ZIFT Zygote intra-Fallopian tube transfer A reproductive technique in which the sperm and ova are collected and fertilized outside the body, and the fertilized zygote is then placed into the Fallopian tube. ICSI Fertility procedure that involves mechanically injecting a sperm into the center of an ovum. surrogate parenting, Use of a woman who, through artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization, gestates a fetus for another woman or man Trimester A term of three months, pregnancies usually consist of three trimesters Sonography Electronic monitoring, also called ultrasound Ultrasound The use of ultra sonic waves to monitor a developing fetus, also called sonography. Lanugo The downy covering of a hair over a fetus. Vernix Cheesy substance that coats the fetus in the uterus. Braxton-Hicks Contractions Intermittent contractions of the uterus after the third month of pregnancy. Colostrums A thin, yellowish fluid, high in protein and antibodies, secreted from the nipples at the end of pregnancy and during the first few days after delivery. FAS Fetal Alcohol Syndrome A disorder involving physical and mental deficiencies, nervous system damage, and facial abnormalities found in the offspring of mothers who consumed large quantities of alcohol during pregnancy. c-section A surgical procedure in which the womans abdomen and uterus are surgically opened and a child is removed; used when vaginal birth may endanger a mother and/or child. CVS Chorionic villus sampling The sampling and testing of the chorion for fetal abnormalities. MSAFP Maternal-serum alpha-fetoprotein screening A blood test used during early pregnancy to determine neural tube defects such as spina bifida or ancencphaly spina bifida A congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the halves of the neural arch of a vertebra fail to fuse in the midline Anecephaly Congenital absence of most of the brain and spinal cord. Down syndrome Rhogam A drug given to mothers whose Rh is incompatible with the fetus; prevents the formation of antibodies that can imperil future pregnancies. Toxemia A form of blood poisoning caused by kidney disturbances. Preeclampsia A condition of hypertension during pregnancy, typically accompanied by leg swelling and other symptoms Eclampsia A progression of toxemia with similar, but worsening, conditions Lamaze A prepared childbirth method in which couples are provided information about the birth process and are taught breathing and relaxation exercise to use during labor cervical effacement The stretching and thinning of the cervix in preparation for birth Engagement When the fetus moves down toward the birth canal prior to delivery dilation, The expansion of the opening of the cervix in preparation for birth. Transition The last period in labor, in which contractions are strongest and the periods in between contractions are the shortest. Endorphins Neurotransmitters, concentrated in the pituitary gland and parts of the brain that inhibit physical pain. fetal distress Condition in which a fetus has an abnormal heart rate or rhythm Crowning The emergence of a baby’s head at the opening of the vagina at birth. Apgar Test of the baby to make sure that he is ok premature birth, Any infant born before the 37th week of pregnancy. Episiotomy A cut made with surgical scissors to avoid tearing of the perineum at the end of the second stage of labor. placenta previa A condition in which the placenta is abnormally positioned in the uterus so that it is partially or completely covers the opening of the cervix Stillbirth An infant who is born dead. postpartum depression A woman’s clinical depression that occurs after childbirth postpartum psychosis The rare occurrence of severe, debilitation depression of psychotic symptoms in the mother after childbirth. Chapter 13 birth control Another term for contraception FDA Approves and disapprove new drugs effectiveness rates Estimated rates of the number of women who do not become pregnant each year using each method of contraception perfect use Refers to the probability of contraceptive failure for a perfect user of each method Condom Come on now. nonoxynol-9 A spermicide that has been used to prevent pregnancy and protect against sexually transmitted infections poistcoital drip A vaginal discharge (dripping) that occurs after sexual intercourse. Diaphragm A birth control device consisting of a latex dome on a flexible spring rim, used with spermicidal cream or jelly. Abortion Induced termination of a pregnancy before fetal viability PID Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Widespread infection of the female pelvic organs. contraceptive sponge Polyurethane sponge impregnated with spermicide, inserted into the vagina for contraception cervical barrier A plastic or rubber cover for the cervix that provides a contraceptive barrier to sperm. FemCap Reusable silicone barrier vaginal contraceptive that comes in three sizes Lea’s Shield Reusable silicone barrier vaginal contraceptive that contains a one-way valve oral contraceptive The ‘Pill’. A preparation of synthetic female hormones that blocks ovulation combination birth control pill A oral contraceptive containing synthetic estrogen and progesterone. Monophasic Level of hormones stays the same throughout the month multiphasic Varying levels of hormone during the moth, each week the hormonal dosage is changed. start day The actual day that the first pill is taken in a pack of oral contraceptives. placebo pills Does not contain hormones breakthrough bleeding Slight blood loss that occurs from the terus when a moman is taking oral contraceptives triphasil pill A type of multiphasic oral contraceptive with three different types of pills, each of which contains a different hormonal dosage. NuvaRing A small plastic contraceptive ring that is inserted into the vagina once a month and releases a constant dose of estrogen and progestin Ortho Evra patch A thin peach colored patch that sticks to the skin and time releases synthetic estrogen and progestin into the bloodstream to inhibit ovulation, increase cervical mucus and render the uterus inhospitable, also referred to as the “patch” progestin-only birth control method Contraceptive hormonal method that does not contain estrogen and works by changing a woman’s menstrual cycle. minipills or POP A type of birth control pill that contains only synthetic progesterone and no estrogen. subdermal contraceptive implant Contraceptive implant that time releases a constant dose of progestin to inhibit ovulation Norplant A hormonal method of birth control using doses that are implanted into a womans arm and that can remain in place for up to 5 years. Depo-Provera An injectable contraceptive that prevents ovulation and thickens the cervical mucus. Spermacide Chemical method of contraception, including creams, gels, foams, suppositories and films that work to reduce the survival of sperm in the vagina Microbicide Chemical that works by inhibiting sperm function, are effective against HIV and other STI’s and are not harmful to the vaginal or cervical cells. vaginal contraceptive film, Spermicidal contraceptive film that is placed in the vagina natural family planning A contraceptive method that involves calculating ovulation and avoiding sexual intercourse during ovulation and at unsafe times. symptothermal method A contraceptive method that involves monitoring both cervical mucus and basal body temperature to determine ovulation. basal body temperature The body’s resting temperature used to calculate ovulation in the symptothermal method of contraception rhythm method A contraceptive method that involves calculating the period of ovulation and avoiding sex at this time fertility awareness Basil body temperature charting used in conjunction with another method of contraception coitus interruptus, A contraceptive method involving withdrawl of the penis from the vagina prior to ejacualtion Sterilization Surgical contraceptive method that causes permanent infertility. tubal sterilization A surgical procedure in which the Fallopian tubes are cut, tied, or cauterized for permanent contraception Cauterization Buring or searing the Fallopian tubes or vas deferens for permanent steriliztion Ligation Tying of binding of the Fallopian dues or vas deferens. outpatient surgery Surgery preformed in the hospital or doctors office, after which a patient is allowed to return home, inpatient surgery requires hospitalization Laparoscope A tiny scope that can be inserted through the skin and allows for viewing of the uterine cavity. Vasectomy Surgical procedure in which each vas deferens is cut, tied, or cauterized, for permanent contraception Yuzpe regimen Original plan for emergency hormonal contraception using high doses of combination birth control pills to inhibit pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. emergency contraceptive Contraception that is designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected vaginal intercourse. menstrual extraction Removal of the contents of the uterus prior to a positive pregnancy test. Gossypol An ingredient in cottonseed oil, that when injected or implanted, may inhibit sperm production Immunocontraceptives Vaccines designed to suppress testicular function and eliminate sperm and testosterone production. pro-life Individual who believes that abortion should be illegal or strictly regulated by the government. pro-choice Individual who believes that the abortion decision should be left up to the woman and not regulated by the government. back-alley abortion Illegal abortion uterine perforation Tearing a hole in the uterus. cervical laceration Cuts or tears in the cervix. first-trimester abortion Termination of pregnancy within the first 14 weeks of pregnancy second-trimester abortion Termination of pregnancy between the 14th and 21st weeks of pregnancy vacuum aspiration The termination of a pregnancy by using suction to empty contents of the uterus. dilation rods A series of graduated metal rods that are used to dilate the cervical opening during an abortion procedure. Cannula A tube, used in an abortion procedure, through which the uterine contents are emptied. vacuum aspirator A vacuum pump that is used during abortion procedures dilation and evacuation A second trimester abortion procedure that involves cervical dilation, and vacuum aspiration of the uterus. Laminaria Seaweed used in the second trimester abortion procedures to dilate the cervix. Used dried, it can swell three to five times its original diameter. induced labor procedure Using artificial means, such as drugs, to start labor. saline abortion A second trimester abortion procedure in which amniotic fluid is removed and replaced with saline solution, which causes premature delivery of the fetus. prostaglandin, Oral or injected drug taken to cause uterine contractions Hysterotomy A second trimester abortion procedure that involves surgical removal of the fetus through the abdomen. Mifepristone, Drug ised in medical abortion procedures, it blocks development of progesterone, which causes a breakdown in the uterine lining, AKA RU-486 RU-486, See above Methotrexate Drug used in medical abortion procedures when taken it stops the development of the zygote Parental notification Abortion legislation that requires the notification of the parents of a minor prior to an abortion procedure Parental consent, Judicial bypass option