Enby E. A breast cancer tumor consisted of a spore-sac fungus (ascomycota). J of 2000-Talets Vetenskap (2013) 18(1), 8-10.
doi:1001.2013/in swe & en, peer reviewed, open access, available online at http://www.2000tv.se/201301/20130108en.pdf
© 2013, 2000-Talets Vetenskap
A breast cancer tumor consisted of a spore-sac fungus (ascomycota)
Erik Enby, Med. Dr. *
* Dr Enby, Göteborg/Gothenburg, Sweden
Received 9 January 2013; received in revised form 4 February 2013; accepted 18 February 2013
Available online 4 April 2013
Abstract
Introduction: Is cancer caused by cell degeneration or may it be that tumor formation in such cases may depend
on various forms of plant infestation (i.e. mycoses)? Our previous research and its findings have shown that
microbiological growth occurs in the calluses that occur in mammal tissues associated with cancer diseases. Other
researchers have also observed non-human growth in cancer samples, but they have assumed that the samples must
have been contaminated. Materials and method: A hard lump in one of a female patient's breasts was discovered.
The diagnose breast cancer was determined and the ill breast was removed surgically. The tumor found during
surgery was divided into six samples that were prepared for microscopy. Results: The microscopy revealed
structures in the samples that were consistent with identical structures found in Ascomycota (spore-sac fungus).
The probability that the structures found in this study would not be constituted by an Ascomycota is miniscule.
Conclusion: The morphological structures in the samples in this study are fully consistent with the characteristic
features of the Ascomycota. The illustrated findings thus show that cancer can be fungal growth. It is therefore
necessary to widen cancer research and the paradigm it is based upon and involve mycologists in cancer research.
Keywords: Cancer; Breast cancer; Fungus; Fungal growth; Ascomycota; Mycology
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
Is cancer caused by one of several reasons disrupted
cellular machinery of a previously healthy cell which
thereby have enhanced its proliferation rate and thus
have the ability to cause growth (tumor formation) in
a tissue, or may it be that tumor formation in such
states of the disease may depend on various forms of
plant infestation (i.e. mycoses), which suddenly takes
hold and begins to grow in a tissue and brings along
changes in it?
A female patient discovered a hard lump in one of
her breasts. At the Sahlgrenska University Hospital in
Gothenburg the diagnose breast cancer was determined and quite soon thereafter the ill breast was
removed surgically and chemotherapy was started. At
the operation, I managed to get six cancer samples
that had been prepared at the Department of
Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital. The
samples showed how this cancer appeared morphologically. I could immediately see that the sample
consisted of a spore-sac fungus (Ascomycota/Ascomycetes/Sac fungi/Spor-sac fungi) that grew in the
sample which appeared to completely consist of such
a fungus 2. The microscope used in the study was an
Olympus Inverted System Microscope IX70,
equipped with a 100 Watt halogen lamp. The microscopy was performed with a light field and interference contrast. The images were taken with a
Nikon Coolpix 990 digital camera.
I have by special reasons been given further reason to
investigate whether it would be possible to relate to
the latter way. My previous research and its findings
have clearly shown that microbiological growth
occurs in the calluses that occur in mammal tissues
associated with cancer diseases 1, 2. Other researchers
have also observed non-human growth in cancer
samples, but they have assumed that the samples
must have been contaminated.
2000-Talets Vetenskap, No. 1/2013 p 8-10
Printout p 1 (4)
Enby E. A breast cancer tumor consisted of a spore-sac fungus (ascomycota). J of 2000-Talets Vetenskap (2013) 18(1), 8-10.
doi:1001.2013/in swe & en, peer reviewed, open access, available online at http://www.2000tv.se/201301/20130108en.pdf
© 2013, 2000-Talets Vetenskap
Later on, the samples were demonstrated at the institution Radiumhemmet in Stockholm where Professor
Lindskog argued that what was seen in the sample
were cancer cells. However he suggested a contact
with a mycologist for further analysis and consideration of the samples. Such an examination and
analysis was then carried through at the Department
of Biology and Environmental Science at the
University of Gothenburg. There, the staff have
experience from studying different forms of fungal
growth. The researchers at the botanical institution at
the University of Gothenburg considered that that the
samples could completely be consisting of a sporesac fungus.
3. Results
For those who don't know anything about and do not
have any experience in mycology, it is almost
impossible to understand how anyone can argue that
a tumor tissue – as in this case – can consist of a
spore-sac fungus. To get the idea that it could be that
way, it is necessary to recognize the way of development of the spores of such fungi. Since this was
familiar to us, we found during microscopy of the
cancer sample that the morphological structure and
the architecture of the sample with the highest
probability showed that the sample contained something that could be a form of a spore-sac fungus
container containing spore-sacs (asci), which is typical for medically important Ascomycota 4, 5.
The morphological structures and architecture of the
samples presented in this article are displayed in the
five following images.
Figure 1. 100x magnification. Dyeing: Warthin-Starry. The
picture shows a section of a container which is undamaged and
lying in the solid tumor tissue (in mycology called an ascocarp,
in the shape of a cleistothecium – a ball-shaped container), such a
container can contain millions of small, circular structures.
2000-Talets Vetenskap, No. 1/2013 p 8-10
Figure 2. 1200x magnification. Dyeing: Warthin-Starry. The
same container as in Figure 1 is depicted in figure 2. There is a
number of small particles visible in some of the round structures
of this container. To the right, at the bottom of the picture, seed
of somewhat smaller particles is seen in the tumor tissue that is
surrounding the container.
Figure 3. 1200x magnification. Dyeing: Warthin-Starry.
Detached small, round structures are displayed. Small particles
are visible in several of these circular structures. Seeding of
similar particles are visible in the surrounding tumor substance,
outside the exposed structures.
Figure 4. 100x magnification. Dyeing: Fites. A section through
six clearly visible, separated containers resting in the surrounding
tumor substance and containing myriads of similar, small, round
structures such as those displayed in figure 1.
Printout p 2 (4)
Enby E. A breast cancer tumor consisted of a spore-sac fungus (ascomycota). J of 2000-Talets Vetenskap (2013) 18(1), 8-10.
doi:1001.2013/in swe & en, peer reviewed, open access, available online at http://www.2000tv.se/201301/20130108en.pdf
© 2013, 2000-Talets Vetenskap
containing nuclei of either female or male sex (plus
or minus sex). A mycelium can fertilize another
mycelium, which occurs when a male mycelium
creates a connection (a small bridge) to a female
mycelium. Through this connection a nucleus migrates from a cell in the male mycelium over to the
female mycelium to fuse with the core of one of its
cells. This is an example of such sexual reproduction
found in Ascomycota. Such type of fusion is
followed by a number of divisions of the new
nucleus. The division process is leading to eight new
nuclei formed from the original nucleus. Eight is the
number of particles or spores that at the end is found
in the spore-sacs 6.
Figure 5. 1200x magnification. Dyeing: Fites. Sections through a
container. In pristine condition is depicted a container that
contains myriads of small structures. In several of these are seen
– as in picture 2 and 3 – small particles, which here seem to be
about to leave the small, round structures.
4. Discussion
The tumor morphology in the figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5,
is displaying the medical all the characteristics of the
ascocarps. Analogously to how such fungi are
described in the mycological literature, the above
described containers with small, round structures
look just like ascocarps as cleistothecs (ball shaped
spore-sac containers – asci); the small, round structures in the ascocarps looks like spore-sacs (asci) and
the small particles in the asci in their turn look like
spores. In Figure 3 the small spore-sacs are seen,
freely lying in tumor substance, which is another
unique feature for Ascomycota. All in all this should
be the last stage in the process of development of
spores in an Ascomycota. The spores that seem to
leave the spore-sac containers (see figure 2, 3 and 5)
and which also occur in the surrounding tissue of the
ascocarps, may be spores that has spread from the
spore-sacs out to the surrounding tissue.
The, in this article, described signs that a tumor could
be the result of a growing spore-sac fungus means
that the tumor substance in such cases would host
ascocarps which, so to speak, are held in place by the
tumor substance itself. To understand it all a little
better, it can be compared to the way that a nuclear
house in an apple is held in place by the surrounding
fruit substance.
The spores have a single set of chromosomes and
also has the ability to grow as mycelia (hyphae)
2000-Talets Vetenskap, No. 1/2013 p 8-10
The substance that all ascocarps are lying in are
formed by the spore-sac fungus itself and the substance consists of a vegetative tissue material that in
the sick patient's tissues is causing calluses – tumors
– containing all spore-sac containers (figure 4). All in
all this can be said to be the fruiting body of the
spore-sac producing fungus, which slowly grows into
itself and which in time can be palpated as a
resistance in an otherwise soft tissue. This is
reminiscent about how a truffle mushroom grows in
the form of lumps in the earth under the soil. This is
in the context of interest as the truffle mushroom is a
spore-sac fungus. Finding the, to such a spore-sac
fungus, associated mycelia has not been possible but
doing so is not necessary in order to be able to
reliably determine that what is found in this patient
and is diagnosed as cancer growth is in reality a
spore-sac fungus.
5. Conclusion
What, in this case by routine, is classified and
described as cancer can very well be mycoses, which
does not seem be known in the public funded
healthcare. The probability that the, in this scientific
article, depicted structures would not constitute a
spore-sac fungus is extremely small. The morphological structures in the samples in this study are
fully consistent with the characteristic features of the
Ascomycota. The illustrated findings thus show that
cancer can very well be fungal growth, a claim also
supported by the obvious smell of decay that larger
tumors bring along. Therefore, health care staff and
medical researchers must be open minded about the
possibility that cancer may very well consist of fungi.
It is therefore necessary to involve mycologists in
cancer research.
Printout p 3 (4)
Enby E. A breast cancer tumor consisted of a spore-sac fungus (ascomycota). J of 2000-Talets Vetenskap (2013) 18(1), 8-10.
doi:1001.2013/in swe & en, peer reviewed, open access, available online at http://www.2000tv.se/201301/20130108en.pdf
© 2013, 2000-Talets Vetenskap
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Corresponding author:
Erik Enby
Karl Johansgatan 49E
414 55 Göteborg/Gothenburg
Sweden
Phone: +46 31 42 31 98
E-mail address: erik@enby.se
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