DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis REVIEW
DNA, Replication
1. What does DNA stand for?
2. What are the three parts of the nucleotide?
3. What are the four bases found in DNA?
4. How do the bases pair up (what pairs w/ what)?
5. How many carbons does the sugar in DNA have?
6. What is the sugar found in DNA called?
7. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
7. What is the type of bond that hold the base pairs together?
8. What are the two purines?
9. What are the two pyrimidines?
10. What makes up the backbone of the DNA molecule (the sides of the ladder)?
11. What part did the following scientists play in discovering information DNA molecule?
a. Gregor Mendel
b. Oswald Avery
c. Erwin Chargaff
d. Franklin & Wilkins
e. Hershey & Chase
f. Watson & Crick
12. What enzyme breaks the bonds between the base pairs for DNA replication?
13. Explain in detail the four steps in DNA replication.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
19. What are the three differences between RNA and DNA?
20. What does RNA stand for?
21. What are the three types of RNA and what is their function?
22. How many nucleotides does it take to make one amino acid?
23. Where are proteins built? (In which cell organelle)
24. List three reasons proteins are important. (you might have to look back in Organic compound notes too)
25. Where does transcription take place and what happens?
26. After the DNA is copied by the mRNA, what happens to the DNA?
27. Which RNA base matches up with Adenine?
28. Fill in the matching base:
DNA  DNA
DNA  m RNA
Adenine-Adenine-Thymine-Thymine-Cytosine-Cytosine-Guanine-Guanine-29. Where does translation take place and what happens?
mRNA tRNA
Adenine-Uracil-Cytosine-Guanine--
30. Where in the cell are the amino acids when tRNA is trying to find them?
31. Define the following words.
CodonAnticodonDescribe the three kinds of mutations we talked about? (deletion, insertion, substitution)
*Make sure you know how to read the mRNA codon chart to determine amino acids!
** Go over all powerpoint notes and notes given in class to study as well
(remember, they are on the website if you need)