Unit 6 Honors DNA and RNA
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DNA & RNA
Study Guide
Name
1. Circle one nucleotide (monomer) in the diagram below.
2. Identify the three subunits of a nucleotide.
Phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base
3. What polymer does a strand of nucleotides make?
DNA or RNA
4. What type of bond holds the two side of a DNA molecule together?
Hydrogen bond
5. A DNA strand has the following sequence of bases: AAGTCG. What would be the sequence of
bases on the complementary strand?
TTCAGC
6. Using the model in question #1, add appropriate letters in the spaces for the nitrogenous
bases. Make certain that the complementary pairs match correctly.
Possible Answer: AGCT
TCGA
7. What two individuals have received credit for discovering the double helix structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
8. What is the sugar involved in DNA? What are the four bases involved in DNA? How many
strands of nucleic acids make up DNA?
Deoxyribose sugar; Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine; 2 strands
9. What is the sugar involved in RNA? What are the four bases involved in RNA? How many
strands of nucleic acids make up RNA?
Ribose sugar; Adenine, Guanine, Uracil, Cytosine; 1 strand
Unit 6 Honors DNA and RNA
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Study Guide
10. Use the information from questions 8 & 9 to make a Venn diagram and compare and
contrast DNA & RNA. Please list at least three differences
DNA
Both
RNA
2 strands
nucleic acids
1 strand
Deoxyribose sugar
nucleotides
Ribose sugar
Thymine
A, G, C
Uracil
Nucleus
Nucleus and cytoplasm
phosphate
11. Examine the diagram below. Identify the structures indicated by X and Y.
X: nitrogen base; Y: sugar-phosphate backbone
Y
12. Explain at least three types of mutations that can occur in the DNA molecule.
Point mutation: one base is changed
Insertion: type of frameshift mutation—an extra base is inserted
Deletion: type of frameshift mutation—a base is deleted
13. A nucleic acid has the following sequence of nitrogenous bases:
GATTACAGTCC. Why would this be considered a strand of DNA rather than RNA?
It has thymine
Name
Unit 6 Honors DNA and RNA
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14Complete the following chart:
Nucleic Acid
Is it a single or
double strand?
DNA
Study Guide
What is its
function?
Store genetic
information
Name
Where is it
found in the
cell?
nucleus
What are its
nitrogenous
bases?
ATCG
Nucleus and
cytoplasm
AUCG
double
RNA
(mRNA, rRNA,
tRNA)
single
Transmit genetic
information
15. In replication what molecule do you start the process with and what molecule do you end the
process with? DNADNA
16 Where is DNA found in a Eukaryotic cell? What is the role of DNA?
Nucleus; store genetic information
17What type of RNA is made by transcription? What part of the cell does transcription take
place?
mRNA; nucleus
18. What type of RNA is involved in translation? What part of the cell does translation take
place? What is the resulting molecule of translation?
rRNA: ribosome
tRNA: carries the amino acid to the ribosome
mRNA: carries the genetic code to the ribosome
translation takes place in the cytoplasm at the ribosome
protein is made by translation
19. A DNA strand has the following sequence of nitrogenous bases: CCTACG. What will be the
sequence of bases in the mRNA that results from transcription?
GGAUGC
Unit 6 Honors DNA and RNA
Study Guide
Name
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20. Examine the chart below: What is the DNA sequence that codes for Phenylalanine? What
tRNA sequence would be the anti-codon for Phenylalanine?
AAA (because the resulting mRNA would be UUU)
AAA
Use the following diagram to answer the questions below:
21. What is the structure labeled “X”?
mRNA
22. Glycine is what type of molecule?
Amino acid
23. Circle a tRNA molecule.
24. Put a square around an amino acid molecule.
25. An mRNA molecule has the following sequence of nitrogenous bases: ACA CUU CAC.
What would be the sequence of amino acids that would form a polypeptide from this mRNA
sequence?
mRNA
amino acid
ACA
Threonine
CUU
Leucine
CAC
Histidine
Unit 6 Honors DNA and RNA
_________________
Study Guide
Name
26. Threonine, histidine and leucine form a polypeptide seuquence. What would be the DNA
sequence that determined the polypeptide sequence?
Amino acid
mRNA
DNA
Threonine
ACA
TGT
Histidine
CAC
GTG
Leucine
CUU
GAA