República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educación
Colegio Privado “19 de Abril”
Guía de estudio de Inglés
Quinto año
Nº 1
Elaborado por:
Profesor: Jesús Alejandro Pérez
Barquisimeto, Agosto 2012
Introducción
La presente guía de estudio tiene como propósito ser un material
complementario a los objetivos de aprendizaje que se desarrollarán en
clase a lo largo del año escolar.
Debes realizar una lectura comprensiva de esta guía de estudio,
participar en las actividades propuestas en la clase y realizar los
ejercicios prácticos propuestos al final de la misma. Así podrás los
conocimientos adquiridos y de esta manera alcanzar un dominio pleno
de los objetivos propuestos.
Goodluck!
3
Objetivo nro. 1
(Topicone)
Conocer
los
pronombres
personales,
pronombres
complementarios, pronombres posesivos y adjetivos posesivos.
5
Existen en el idioma inglés ciertos grupos de palabras conocidos como
pronombres que permiten sustituir a nombres propios o sustantivos en
una oración.
Estos pronombres pueden ser personales, complementarios o
posesivos según reemplacen a un sustantivo, formen parte del
complemento de la oración o indiquen posesión de algo
respectivamente.
Entre los pronombres tenemos:
Un pronombre personal siempre reemplaza a un antecedente (el
sustantivo o nombre) en la oración.
Ejemplos.
Mary is so glad to have a new car. She can now go everywhere she
wants.
Antecedente→ Mary
Pronombre personal →She
The math teacher is always on time for his class. He must be there
before seven o’clock every morning.
Antecedente→The math teacher
7
Pronombre personal → He
De igual manera, existe un grupo de adjetivos conocidos como
adjetivos posesivos que son seguidos inmediatamente por un
sustantivo y cumplen la función de indicar posesión o propiedad de
objetos o cosas.
Ejemplos.
a) Helen studies French and she always gets good grades in her
course.
b) Peter told methathe sent youa message a few minutes ago.
c) That is yourbook.
d) Your parents often visit us on weekends.
Así mismo, existe un grupo de expresiones conocidas como
salutaciones o Farewells que podemos utilizar cuando deseamos
saludar a nuestros amigos o familiares.
Entre estas expresiones tenemos las siguientes:
9
10
Objetivo nro. 2
(Topictwo)
Reconocer el futuro continuo como forma de expresar una
actividad que estaremos realizando en forma continuada en el
futuro.
11
El futuro continuo es un tiempo verbal que nos permite hablar acerca
de una actividad que estaremos realizando en el futuro en un
momento determinado.
Este tipo de expresiones se construyen de la manera siguiente:
Ejemplos:
a) Sonia will be working in that factory next week.
b) The Sallyses won’t be waiting for us at the airport.
Prefijos
Algunas veces utilizamos prefijos para formar lo opuesto a los sufijos.
Algunos prefijos son:
13
Reglas para formar palabras que contienen prefijos.
- Usamos im delante de palabras que comienzan con la letra p.
- Usamos ir delante de palabras que comienzan con la letra r.
- Usamos il delante de palabras que comienzan con la letra l.
¿Cuáles son los opuestos de estos adjetivos?
Adjective
opposite
Adjective
effective
direct
polite
curable
significant
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
legal
regular
logical
moral
correct
opposite
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
El artículo indefinido.
Usamos el artículo indefinido (a, an) en los siguientes casos:
1. Cuando utilizamos nombres genéricos que representan un grupo
entero. En este caso, estos nombres genéricos son nombres
singulares contables.
Ejemplo.
a) They are a funny couple.
b) At first, we had a staff of 300.
2. Cuando nos referimos a cosas que no están identificadas
específicamente (cosas generales). En este caso, el sustantivo es
también contable y singular.
Ejemplo.
a) I’ve got a pencil.
b) She needs a fork.
El artículo definido (the).
Usamos el artículo definido en los siguientes casos:
3. Cuando tanto el hablante como el oyente están pensando en la
misma cosa. “The” es usado con nombres contables en singular y
plural
y
también
con
nombres
incontables.
14
Ejemplo.
a) Please, open the window!
b)I found the keys that we lost this morning.
4. Cuando nombramos algo que ya ha sido mencionado anteriormente
en una conversación.
Ejemplo.
In New York we could see one of its tallest buildings. The building is
named “Chrysler Tower”.
No usamos artículo en el siguiente caso ( ϕ ):
5. Cuando hacemos generalizaciones usando nombres genéricos que
son plurales contables o nombres incontables.
Ejemplo.
a) Parrots are too noisy pets.
b) Grapesare commonly cropped in North America.
c) People like to be crowded at the beach on summer.
d) Many people refuse to be in darkness.
15
Objetivo nro. 3
(Topic three)
Conocer los adjetivos calificativos.
17
Los adjetivos calificativos permiten asignar una característica o
cualidad a las personas, objetos o cosas.
Estos adjetivos se clasifican en cuatro grupos que son: los adjetivos
comparativos, los adjetivos superlativos, los adjetivos de igualdad y los
adjetivos de superioridad.
A continuación estudiaremos cada uno de ellos.
Adjetivos calificativos de inferioridad
Comparativo:
less + adjective + than
Adjetivos calificativos de inferioridad
Superlativo:
theleast + adjective
Ejemplo:
a) My car is less expensive than yours.
b) This room is less noisy than that one.
c) This is the least crowdie mall in the city.
d) Those are the least poison towns in our country.
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Superioridad (adjetivos cortos)
Comparativo:
adjective(final –er) + than
Superlativo:
the + adjective (final –est)
Superioridad (adjetivos largos)
Comparativo:
More + adjective + than
Superlativo:
The most + adjective
Ejemplos:
a) This building is taller than those ones.
b) In Maracaibo the weather is hotter than in Mérida.
c) Mr. Johnson is theoldest man in this meeting.
asin+our
adjective
+ as
d) Lucy is the tallest girl
classroom.
20
Adjetivos calificativos de igualdad
as+ adjective + as
Ejemplos:
a) Ana is as pretty asMaría.
b) Baseball is as funny as football.
Existen algunas formas irregulares de los adjetivos comparativos y
superlativos.
Adjective
good
bad
a few, a little
much, many
old
Comparative
better (than)
worse (than)
less (then)
more (than)
older (than) / elder
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Superlative
Thebest
Theworst
Theleast
Themost
Theoldest / theeldest
Objetivo nro. 4
(Topic four)
Conocer los adverbios de frecuencia y las expresiones de
frecuencia.
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Los adverbios de frecuencia son utilizados en el inglés para indicar
con qué frecuencia ocurren las cosas.
Recordemos que un adverbio en la oración cumple la función de ser
un complemento del verbo.
Posición de los adverbios de frecuencia
Antes del verbo principal:
I always come to class on time.
Después de el verbo be:
Rock music is often listened among the young people.
En preguntas con el verbo be, los adverbios de frecuencia se
ubican después del sujeto:
Is Dorothy always very polite?
En respuestas cortas, los adverbios de frecuencia se ubican
después del verbo be:
Yes, shealwaysis.
Expresiones de frecuencia.
Las expresiones de frecuencia indican con qué frecuencia ocurren los
eventos y nunca se ubican en posiciones intermedias de la oración.
Generalmente se ubican al final de la oración y en algunos casos al
comienzo, cuando se quieren enfatizar.
Algunas expresiones de frecuencia son:
Every day / week / month:
I go to work every day.
Every other day / week:
My grandfather visits me every other week.
Once / twice a week / month / year:
You should visit your dentist twice a year.
(Every) once in a while:
Once in a while I have red meat for lunch.
Every so often:
I must take exercise every so often.
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Cuando queremos preguntar con qué frecuencia ocurre un evento,
podemos combinar la preposición howjunto con un adjetivo o
adverbio:
How + adjective / adverb
Podemos formar preguntas en la forma siguiente:
Question word + Auxiliary+ Subject + Otherinformation?
How many apples did
How long
does
How far
is
you
eat for lunch?
it take to leave thetown?
your officefrom here?
Much/Many
Usamos muchcon nombres que describen cosas que no pueden ser
contadas. Estos sustantivos normalmente no tiene forma plural.
muchsugar
muchrain
much coffee
Usamos manycon la forma plural de sustantivos que describen objetos
contables.
many books
manystudents
manyfriends
muchy manyson generalmente usados en oraciones negativas o
preguntas.
Ejemplos.
How much sugar do you want in your coffee?
How many times do you drink water in a day?
26
Objetivo nro. 5
(Topic five)
Conocer los nombres contables e incontables.
27
Nombres contables (Countable nouns)
Los nombres contables pueden estar en singular o en plural.
My dog is hungry.
My dogs are hungry.
Podemos utilizar el artículo definido a / an con nombres
contables.
There is a cat walking over the roof.
An apple is a tasteful fruit.
Cuando un nombre contable está en forma singular,
podemos utilizar palabras como a / the / my / this con éste.
I want an orange.
When is the party?
Where is my pencil? I want to drink a cup of coffee.
Cuando un nombre contable está en plural, lo usamos solo.
I like pears.
She loves cakes.
Dogs are very friendly pets.
People say that parrots are
noisy.
Podemos usar los adverbios some y any con nombres
contables.
I’ve got some pounds.
Do you have any CDs?
I’ve got a few pounds.
We have read many magazines.
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Nombres incontables (uncountable nouns)
Usamos un verbo en singular después de nombres incontables.
Happinness is here and now.
Love is all you need.
No usamos el artículo indeterminado a / an con nombres
incontables. No podemos decir “a milk” o “an information”, pero
podemos decir a (…) of.
A bottle of milk. A piece of news.
A glass of water. A package of salt.
Podemos usar some y any con nombres incontables.
Please, give some bread. Do you have any sugar?
Podemos usar a little o much con nombres incontables.
We have a little money.
I don’t have much rice.
30
Objetivo nro. 6
(Topic six)
Identificar las expresiones que permiten hablar acerca de
hábitos
pasados
o
presentes.
31
Es posible referirse a hábitos pasados mediante el empleo de la
expresión used to. De esta manera hablamos acerca de actividades
que realizábamos con frecuencia en el pasado.
Be used to
Esta expresión se refiere a acciones o actividades que realizamos con
frecuencia en el presente. Son acciones que estamos acostumbrados
a realizar.
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Exercises
35
Exercise number one
(Topic one)
1. In the following sentences you must identify the personal pronouns
and their antecedents.
a) The boys really like playing in the park. They always go there in the
afternoon.
b) Andrea didn’t enjoy her vacation in Canaima. She thinks it’s too hot
there and it’s a long road to go.
c) The scientists say there will be a solar eclipse soon. It could be seen
here and in Europe.
d) The paintings on the wall were made by a famous painter. They are
really the most expensive we can find here.
2. Underline the correct alternative as in the example.
a) Helen has a brother. (he’s / his ) name is Paul.
b) The company’s workers told us that (their / theirs / they’re) offices
are upstairs.
c) Laura can’t take that coat with her. It isn’t (her / hers).
d) There are many cars in this street. Our neighbors say that the red
one is (they’re / theirs / they).
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3. Practice these dialogues.
A) Teacher: Did you understand what I say?
Pupils:
Yes, we did.
Teacher: O.k. I’ll see you tomorrow.
Pupils:
Have a nice day Sir !
B) Mary : It was a good English class. Don’t you think so?
Peter: Sure. And I think tomorrow we’ll learn a little more of it.
Mary: That’s right. Good Bye Peter!
Peter: Good Bye!
C) John: Hello Anne! How are you ?
Anne: Hello John, I’m very well thank you, and you ?
John: I’m fine. Don’t you know? Next month I’ll travel to
London to take a Grammar course at Oxford University!
Anne: Oh good! I wish you the best !
John: Oh thank you very much! I’ll send you a post card!
Anne: O.k., Good Bye I’ll see you soon!
John: Good Bye! I’ll be seeing you!
D) Kate : Hi Robert !
Robert: Hi Kate! What are you doing?
Kate: I’m sorry, I’m late. It’s time to take a biology class.
Robert: O.k. See you later!
Kate: So long!
4. Write a short dialogue with some of the farewells seen below.
Have a nice day! Good Bye! I’ll see you later! I’ll see you soon Bye!
So long!
I’ll see you again sometime!
I’ll be seeing you!
I’ll see you tomorrow! Good Bye and all the best!
A. ______________________________________________
B._______________________________________________
A. ______________________________________________
B. ______________________________________________
A. ______________________________________________
B.______________________________________________
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Exercise number two
(Topic two)
1. Change the following sentences using the future continuous tense.
a) The boys are playing videogames in the living room.
b) a lot of recognized scientists made this test.
c) I work from eight o’clock to four o’clock.
d) Our neighbors are cutting the grass.
2. Write the opposite of the following adjectives. You can use a
dictionary if necessary.
Adjective
Opposite
Possible
Recognized
Pleasant
Relevant
Expected
Tidy
Certain
Kind
Countable
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
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3. Complete the following sentences. Use indefinite article or definite
article when necessary.
a) This afternoon I saw _______ lady that we met last week.
b) Don’t you remember this song? … “There is _____ house in New
Orleans…”
c) I think that you’ll need _____ map to go there.
d) Peter talked with us about a new band. ______ band is formed by
five musicians.
e) Please, turn on ______ radio.
f) This year, the team manager will give me ______ chance to compete
for the championship.
g) Susan says that _____ apple is sweeter than ______ orange.
h) Who is more sincere ______ adult or ______ child ?
i) Which is more beautiful ______ rose or _______ orchid?
Exercise number three
(Topic three)
1. With this set of unsorted words make sentences in which you use
the qualifying adjective of inferiority.
a) (one / that / short / less / pant / than / this / is).
b) (that / least / we / can / expensive / is / car / the / here / found).
c) (this / populous / less / than / is / town / others / the).
d) (room / that / conditioner / here / is / least / the / air / noisy / this / is).
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e) (foggy / today / less / the / is / yesterday / than / sky).
2. Change these sentences from comparative form to superlative form.
Example.
1) Who is the least tall boy in this section?
________________________________________________________
2) Who is the least fat girl in this section?
3) Mérida and Zulia. Which is the least hot state between them?
_______________________________________________________
4) Which is the least expensive phone cell in the market?
_______________________________________________________
5) What is the least grade you can obtain to pass an exam?
_______________________________________________________
6) What do you think is the least appropriate time you can come to
school?
_______________________________________________________
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3. Look at these pictures.
Cube
cylinder
sphere
Now, write short sentences using the qualifying adjectives of
superiority (comparative, superlative, short adjectives and long
adjectives).
Key words: tall, big, small, angular.
a) ________________________________________________
b) ________________________________________________
c) ________________________________________________
d) ________________________________________________
e) ________________________________________________
f) ________________________________________________
4. Look at these circles.
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Now you must write sentences using the qualifying adjective of
equality.
Key words: circle, clear, dark, big.
a) ____________________________________________________
b) ____________________________________________________
c) ____________________________________________________
d) ____________________________________________________
Exercise number four
(Topic four)
1. Answer these questions related to the things you do regularly.
Remember to use some of these frequency adverbs:
often – usually – seldom – generally – always – ever – never – hardly
ever – sometimes –frequently
a) What time do you usually get up?
b) Do you always come to class on the bus?
c) How often do you take exercise?
d) Where do you go on weekends?
e) Have you ever gone to the beach on vacation?
f) Do you usually finish your homework on time?
44
2. Use expressions of frequency to indicate how often you do the next
things:
a) How often you brush your teeth?
b) How often do you go to the movies?
c) How often do you see your dentist?
d) How often do you go to the beach?
e) How often do you study English?
f) How often do you eat hallacas?
3. Ad one of the frequency words to each of the following sentences.
Note that these frequency words are:
usually often sometimes never generally always rarely seldom
a) I see John in class.
( Iusually see John in class).
b) Mary is happy.
____________________________________________________
c) They study their lesson at eight.
____________________________________________________
d) William gets up early.
____________________________________________________
e) I am late for work.
____________________________________________________
f) He doesn’t make many mistakes.
_____________________________________________________
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4. Complete the following sentences with much or many.
1) Does she spend _________ money in clothes?
2) Is there _________ oil in Venezuela?
3) How _________ time do you spend on your English every day?
4) How _________ windows are there in your classroom?
5) How _________ times a week do you go to the movies?
6) How _________ cups of coffee do you drink every day?
7) There aren’t _________ large factories in this town.
8) He doesn’t spend ________ time on his English.
9) He doesn’t drink _______ milk.
10) There aren’t _________ in that part of the country.
11) He doesn’t make _______ mistakes in spelling.
12) There isn’t ________ snow in the ground.
Exercise number five
(Topic five)
1.
Underline the correct word in the following sentences related to
countable or uncountable nouns.
a) Susan always eats (a / an / the) banana after lunch.
b) In our English class (the / a / an) door is always closed.
c) Every afternoon I see (a / an ) airplane crossing the sky.
d) It is (an / a) lovely day.
e) It is (a / an) old university.
f) He is (an / a) unusual man.
g) It is (a / an) exception to the rule.
h) You are (an / a / the) Russian.
i) Your teacher is (an / a) American.
j) Yesterday John bought (an / a / the) hat.
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2. Complete these sentences with the correct definite or indefinite
article, as required. If no article at all is needed, simply draw a
line.
a) They say that the climate of Mexico is very pleasant.
b) I bought my new suit in __________ Macy’s.
c) I have such ________ headache that I can hardly see.
d) How do you like such ________ weather?
e) I enjoy walking along ________ Fifth Avenue.
f) ________ Fifth Avenue buses move very slowly.
g) May I have a glass of ________ cold water?
h) _________ water in this glass is not cold.
i) This is one of _______ longest rivers in the world.
j) Mr. Smith is ________ engineer.
k) I will meet you in front of ________ Grand Central Station.
l) ________ British dropped bombs all along the French coast.
Exercise number six
(Topic six)
1. In each of the following sentences change the verb to introduce
used to.
a) I walked to work.
→ I used to walk to work.
b) I never made so many mistakes in spelling.
_____________________________________________________
c) The accounting department was on the 18th floor.
___________________________________________________
d) John was a good student and worked hard.
___________________________________________________
e) I bought all my clothes in Macy’s.
____________________________________________________
f) This building was occupied by a large insurance firm.
____________________________________________________
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g) Mr. Smith had charge of the transportation division.
_____________________________________________________
h) John played the violin.
______________________________________________________
2. Underline the correct word.
a) I (is / are / am) used to coming to class early.
b) Lucy says that she (are / am / is) not used to traveling by plane.
c) All the students in this class (is / are / am) used to spelling some
words.
d) As she lived downtown, she (were / was) used to driving in heavy
traffic.
e) When they started living in Rome they (was / were) not used to
speaking Italian.
48
Appendix 1
Regular verbs.
Pronunciation of regular verbs in past tense.
The past tense of regular verbs is formed by adding –ED to the simple
form of each verb.
-ED is pronounced in three different forms:
/ ID/
/ T/
/ D/
First rule.
Pronunciation /ID/
When the last sound of the simple form of the verb is a /t/ or a /d/, -ed
is pronounced /id/ as separate syllable.
Example.
Repeat ---------- repeat-ed
Need ------------ need-ed
Invite ------------ invit-ed
Divide ----------- divid-ed
Sound ----------- Sound-ed
Rent -------------- rent-ed
Offend ----------- offend-ed
Correct ---------- corret-ed
Second rule.
Pronunciation /T/
When the last sound of the simple form of the verb is a
P,K,F,S,SS,X,SH, or CH, the –ed is pronounced /t/.
A separate syllable is not heard.
Example.
Help ------------ help-ed
Watch---------- watch-ed
Finish --------- finish-ed
Work ---------- work-ed
Fix ----------- fix-ed
Miss -------- miss-ed
Laugh------ laugh-ed
Like -------- lik-ed
Third rule.
Pronunciation /D/
In all other cases, the –ed is pronounced like a soft /d/.
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Example.
Call ---------- call-ed
Play --------- play-ed
Open ------- open-ed
Love ------- love-ed
Borrow----- borrow-ed
Listen------ listen-ed
Contain---- contain-ed
Explain ---- explain-ed
REGULAR VERBS
INF. PRESENT PAST TENSE
PAST PARTICIPLE
GERUND
To push
To rain
To remember
To rent
To repeat
To resist
To show
To smoke
To start
To stay
To stop
To study
To talk
To travel
To try
To turn
To use
To visit
To wait
To walk
To want
To wash
To wish
To work
To fill
pushed
rained
remembered
rented
repeated
resisted
showed
smoked
started
stayed
stopped
studied
talked
traveled
tried
turned
used
visited
waited
walked
wanted
washed
wished
worked
filled
pushing
raining
remembering
renting
repeating
resisting
showing
smoking
starting
staying
stopping
studying
talking
traveling
trying
turning
using
visiting
waiting
walking
wanting
washing
wishing
working
filling
push
rained
remembered
rented
repeated
resisted
showed
smoked
started
stayed
stopped
studied
talked
traveled
tried
turned
used
visited
waited
walked
wanted
washed
wished
worked
filled
50
INF. PRESENT PAST TENSE
PAST PARTICIPLE
GERUND
To finish
To follow
To help
To hurry
To intend
To jump
To learn
To like
To listen to
To live
To look
To love
To miss
To name
To need
To open
To order
To plan
To plant
To play
To point
To practice
To accept
To answer
To arrive
To ask
To belong
To change
To clean
To climb
To close
To consider
To cook
To count
To dance
To dare
To date
To deliver
finished
followed
helped
hurried
intended
jumped
learned
liked
listened to
lived
looked
loved
missed
named
needed
opened
ordered
planed
planted
played
pointed
practiced
accepted
answered
arrived
asked
belonged
changed
cleaned
climbed
closed
considered
cooked
counted
danced
dared
dated
delivered
finishing
following
helping
hurrying
intending
jumping
learning
liking
listening to
living
looking
loving
missing
naming
needing
opening
ordering
planning
planting
playing
pointing
practicing
accepting
answering
arriving
asking
belonging
changing
cleaning
climbing
closing
considering
cooking
counting
dancing
daring
dating
delivering
finished
followed
helped
hurried
intended
jumped
learned
liked
listened to
lived
looked
loved
missed
named
needed
opened
ordered
planed
planted
played
pointed
practiced
accepted
answered
arrived
asked
belonged
changed
cleaned
climbed
closed
considered
cooked
counted
danced
dared
dated
delivered
51
INF. PRESENT PAST TENSE
PAST PARTICIPLE
GERUND
To dress
To end
To enjoy
To erase
To expect
dressed
ended
enjoyed
erased
expected
dressing
ending
enjoying
erasing
expecting
dressed
ended
enjoyed
erased
expected
Appendix 2
IRREGULAR VERBS
INF. PRESENT PAST TENSE
PASTPARTICIPLE
GERUND
To be
(AM-ARE-IS)
was, were
been
being
To become
To begin
To break
To bring
To build
To buy
To come
To cut
To do
To dream
To drink
To drive
To eat
To fall
To feel
To find
To fly
To forget
To get
To give
To go
To grow up
became
began
broke
brought
built
bought
came
cut
did
dreamt
drank
drove
ate
fell
felt
found
flew
forgot
got
gave
went
grew up
become
begun
broken
brought
built
bought
come
cut
done
dreamt
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
felt
found
flown
forgotten
gotten
given
gone
grown up
becoming
beginning
broking
bringing
building
buying
coming
cutting
doing
dreaming
drinking
driving
eating
falling
feeling
finding
flying
forgetting
getting
giving
going
growing
up
52
INF. PRESENT PAST TENSE
PASTPARTICIPLE
GERUND
To have
To hear
To hit
To hold
To hurt
To keep
To know
To leave
To lend
To let
To lose
To meet
To pay
To put
To read
To ride
To run
To see
To sell
To send
To set
To shake
To shoot
To sing
To sit
To sleep
To speak
To stand
To steal
To sweep
To swim
To take
To teach
To tell
To think
To throw
To wake up
To wear
had
heard
hit
held
hurt
kept
known
left
lent
let
lost
met
paid
put
read
ridden
run
seen
sold
sent
set
shaken
shot
sung
sat
slept
spoken
stood
stolen
swept
swum
taken
taught
told
though
thrown
waken up
worn
having
hearing
hitting
holding
hurting
keeping
knowing
leaving
lending
letting
losing
meeting
paying
putting
reading
riding
running
seeing
selling
sending
setting
shaking
shooting
singing
sitting
sleeping
speaking
standing
stealing
seeping
swimming
taking
teaching
telling
thinking
throwing
waking up
wearing
had
heard
hit
held
hurt
kept
knew
left
lent
let
lost
met
paid
put
read
rode
ran
saw
sold
sent
set
shook
shot
sang
sat
slept
spoke
stood
stole
swept
swam
took
taught
told
though
threw
woke up
wore
53
INF. PRESENT PAST TENSE
PASTPARTICIPLE
GERUND
To win
To write
won
written
winning
writing
won
wrote
ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVE
OPPOSITE
ADJECTIVE
OPPOSITE
accurate
bad
beautiful
big*
certain
cheap
clean
clear
cold
comfortable
common
complete
convenient
cool
correct
dangerous
dark
deep
dependent
different
difficult
direct
*big
large
lawful
legal
logical
long
messy
modern
inaccurate
good
ugly
little
uncertain
expensive
dirty
unclear
hot
uncomfortable
uncommon
incomplete
inconvenient
warm
incorrect
safe
light
shallow
independent
same
easy
indirect
small
small
unlawful
illegal
illogical
short
neat
old-fashioned
dry
early
east
empty
fair
familiar
fast
fat
first
happy
happy
hard
hard
healthy
healthy
healthy
heavy
high
important
intelligent
interesting
kind
large
poor
possible
private
proper
rational
real
regular
wet
late
west
full
unfair
unfamiliar
slow
thin
last
sad
unhappy
easy
soft
ill
sick
unhealthy
light
low
unimportant
stupid
boring
unkind
little/small
rich
impossible
public
improper
irrational
unreal
irregular
54
ADJECTIVE
OPPOSITE
ADJECTIVE
OPPOSITE
narrow
near
necessary
noisy
normal
north
old
old
open
pleasant
polite
wide
far
unnecessary
quiet
abnormal
south
new
young
close
unpleasant
impolite
responsible
right
right
rough
short
sour
strong
sure
true
usual
visible
irresponsible
left
wrong
smooth
tall
sweet
weak
unsure
untrue
unusual
invisible
55
Agradecimientos
A Dios Todopoderoso.
A mi familia.
Al Doctor Jorge Alvarado y al profesor Freddy Alejos por su
colaboración y valiosos aportes para la realización de este trabajo.
A todos los estudiantes del Colegio 19 de Abril. Este trabajo va
dedicado a ellos.
56