1 ª lección
Lectura: Vacaciones
Composición: Carta informal
Gramática: El pasado simple
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Vacaciones
--
2 ª lección
Escuchar: Robots
Gramática: Will & Ir a
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Palabras Participar
--
3 ª lección
Lectura: La Hamburguesa
Composición: carta formal
Gramática: Adjetivos
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Comer y Beber
--
4 ª lección
Lectura: Consejos de Salud
Gramática: Verbos modales
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Verbos útiles
--
Lección 5 ª
Lectura: Delgadez
Gramática: el orden de las palabras
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: De compras
--
Lección 6 ª Lectura: la fabricación de queso
Gramática: La pasiva (I)
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Ciencia y Tecnología
--
7 ª lección Escuchar: El Juicio de París
Gramática: La pasiva (II)
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Turismo
--
Lección 8 ª
Lectura: El Secreto de Trabajadores

Diálogo
Gramática: Discurso directo y registrados
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Verbos útiles
--
Lección 9 ª Lectura: El Efecto Invernadero
Composición: Una cuenta de un evento
Gramática: Preguntas
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Environmnet
--
Lección 10 ª
Lectura: Bienvenido a Londres Heathrow
Gramática: La
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Transporte
--
Lección 11 ª Lectura: Mis favoritos de habitación
Gramática: Participar penas y las cláusulas de relativo
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Las relaciones personales
--
Lección 12 ª Lectura: Una Guía a Londres
Gramática: Condicionales
Ejercicios
--
Lección 13 ª Lectura: Supersticiones
Gramática: Conjunciones
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Frases útiles y Conjunciones
--
Lección 14 ª Lectura: Conversación
Gramática: Preposiciones
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Guerra y Paz
--
Lección 15 ª Lectura: Marruecos
Gramática: Compuesto Preposiciones

--
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Adjetivos
Lección 16 ª Lectura: Cómo prepararse para una entrevista
Gramática: Aún así, sin embargo, ya
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: el trabajo
--
Lección 17 ª Lectura: un problema común ...
Gramática: Verbos frasal
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Gente
--
Lección 18 ª Lectura: Guía de Telenovelas
Gramática: Posición de la frasal Verbos
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Artes
--
Lección 19 ª
Escuchar: China: La Guerra en casa
Gramática: frases preposicionales
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Salud
--
Lección 20 ª
Escuchar: Karma
Gramática: Hacer y hacer / Díselo y Di
Ejercicios
Vocabulario: Política
--
Lección 21 ª Pronunciación
Sonido Stop
1. Before you read the passage, answer these questions:
Holiday

Have you ever been on holiday? If so, where? What did you do? What did you eat? Did you enjoy yourself?
2. Read the passage through to find out what it's about. DO NOT use a dictionary.
In August 1987 I went on holiday with my family, to a small Greek Island. We were going to spend two whole weeks basking in the sun, eating traditional Greek food and relaxing on the beach. Everything was going to plan until one day, in fact the eigth day of my holiday, the sky changed from being a bright blue to a dark grey colour. It started to rain. I really believed that the rain would last maybe an hour or two. I retreated back into the hotel to take a little rest. I closed the shutters, got into bed and set the alarm clock to go off in two hours time, a siesta, why not?!
When the alarm clock went off, I jumped out of bed, opened the shutters and to my total dismay it was still raining. The rain was falling quite heavily. On the ground there were huge puddles, "How strange!", I said to myself. I had been abroad many times but I had never experienced heavy rain. I decided to walk up to the entertainment room, to see if I could pass the time. On my way there, I was presented with quite a shock. The path to get there was completely flooded and covered with a thick mud.
The next day when I woke up, it was still raining and the hotel was completely flooded. The corridors leading in to the apartments were filled with water, at least 1 metre deep. People with hotel rooms next to the mountain had been evacuated because mud had fallen down from the mountain. The dining room had water running down the walls. There wasn't any food because there wasn't any electrical power. My holiday had turned into a disaster.
That day, the hotel manager announced, "Due to the circumstances, everyone is to evacuate the island as soon as possible". Later that day, boats were sent from Greece to come and collect us. As soon as I arrived at main land Greece I sighed a sign of relief, I was safe and sound!
Sonido Parar
El pasado simple a) Forma
1 .- Los verbos regulares: + Infinitivo desnudo ed
Ejemplos:
Presente
Vigilar Itrabajo todos los días
Pasado
Itrabajado todos los días

Trabajo Ivigilar televisión durante el fin de semana
Ivistos televisión durante el fin de semana
Jugar Ijugar fútbol en la escuela Idesempeñado fútbol en la escuela
2 .- verbos irregulares: Ver lección 10 º Curso de Inglés (www.aulafacil.com) b) Uso
1 .- Para hablar de cosas que sucedieron en el pasado:
Iquedé en ese hotel la semana pasada
Él trabajado toda la noche y terminó el proyecto
2 .- Para hablar sobre el pasado y regular sobre las acciones:
Nosotrosvivido en Roma durante un año cuando era un niño
A menudo nuestros amigosvisitó nosotros
(Oir contestados y una vez corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonido Parar
EJERCICIOS
Indique el tiempo"pasado simple"de los verbos entre paréntesis .

6.
7.
4.
5.
8.
1.
2.
3.
-I ________ muy largas horas (Trabajo)
Yo ________ a Londres en 1920 (Ir)
________ A mi madre enferma, cuando tenía 12 años
(Be)
________ Yo trabajo a las 09:00 am y termine a las 19:00 pm (Inicio)
En la década de 1920 me ________ mi vacaciones de verano en
Escocia (Pase)
Él me ________ el mes pasado
(La visita)
Anoche ________ El Señor de los
Anillos en el cine (Ver)
Mi abuelo ________ el año pasado (Retirar)

Sonido Stop
A holidaymaker: un veraneante
A festival: una fiesta
Fortnight: quince días
Holidays (las vacaciones)
Easter: Pascuas
Holy Week: Semana Santa
Christmas: Navidad
Abroad: en el extranjero
Beach: la playa
Coast: la costa
Sunglasses: las gafas de sol
In the open air: al aire libre
Isolated: aislado
A trip: una excursión
Souvenir: el recuerdo
Travel agency: una agencia de viajes
Tourist office: una oficina de turismo
A brochure: un folleto
A plan: un plano
Climate: el clima
Atmosphere: el ambiente

Wave: la ola
Sand: la arena
Sandy: arenoso
Tide: la marea
Light-house: el faro
Entertainment: la distracción
Season: la temporada
To go on holiday: ir de vacaciones
To relax: relajarse
To enjoy oneself: divertirse
To have a good time: pasarlo bien
To have a bad time: pasarlo mal
To go camping: hacer camping
To take a photo: sacar una foto
To have a snack: merendar
To sunbathe: tomar el sol
To get a suntan: broncearse
To rent: alquilar
To remember: acordarse / recordar
To forget: olvidar
Sonido Stop
Read the following questions carefully. Then listen to the

speaker and fill in the questions. You may listen to the speaker a maximum of three times.
Robots - The Future
They have been around for years. They come in all shapes and sizes. When they were first invented nobody knew their importance. But, how soon will it be before they are so intelligent that they take over jobs which only human beings can do, such as, treating patients or constructing houses? You may wonder what I am talking about…..well, I am talking about robots.
If we examine the possible advantages that robots could offer us in the future, we see that there are numerous. Just imagine if there was a robot that could carry out all of the housework, drive you about, prepare your food and build houses. How would your life be?
I bet millions of people would say, "just perfect". Having a robot to do all these things would undoubtedly save a lot of time and money.
However, there are, of course, some disadvantages. I can envisage that in the future, possessing a robot will be very expensive, and perhaps only those elitists will be able to afford them. Something that might worry me a little, would be, 'what if the robot began to malfunction and started to destroy things?' I am sure that in the future, just as there may be robots that are good and helpful, there are also going to be those that are bad and made to kill. This is something extremely important to bear in mind.
I think I can conclude by saying that although having a robot in the future could be extremely useful, I personally see more disadvantages than advantages. I am happy with my life at the moment even if I have to do my own ironing and cooking!
------ ooo O ooo ------
According to the speaker:
What jobs might robots be able to do in the future?
What are the advantages of having a robot?
What are the main disadvantages?
What concerns the speaker?
How does the speaker conclude?
Ir a la voluntad y

a) Forma
1 .- "Will"
I
Tú
Él / ella / él
Nosotros
Tú
Ellos
Forma
Voluntad
Voluntad
Voluntad
Voluntad
Voluntad
Voluntad
Contracción
Voy a
Usted
Él / ella va / Se va
Nos
Usted
Ellos
2 .- "Ir a"
I
Tú
Él / ella / él
Nosotros
Tú
Ellos
Forma voy a van a va a van a van a van a
Contracción
Voy a
Usted va a
Él / Ella / Va a
Vamos a
Usted va a
Que van a b) Uso
1 .- El método de "will" cuando hacemos la decisión en el momento de hablar. Una decisión que no ha sido decidido antes.
Katie : Vamos a salir a cenar
Maria : Eso es una buena idea.Nos ir al restaurante chino.
2 .- El método de "va a" cuando ya hemos decidido hacer algo.
(Maria y Katie ya han decidido a comer comida china)

Maria : Katie y yo hemos decidido ir a cenar.Vamos a comer chino.
James : Eso es bonito.
Comparar:
"Manuel se encuentra en Londres". "¡Oh verdad? Yo no sabía.Voy a teléfono lo más tarde
"
"Manuel se encuentra en Londres". "Sí, lo sé.Voy averlo más tarde "
3 .- Se utiliza "will" o "va a" cuando se le predecir lo que sucederá:
Creo que Johnvoluntad ir a la fiesta
Creo que Johnva a ir a la fiesta
4 .- Usted usa "va a" cuando se utiliza hechos o acontecimientos en la situación actual
como prueba de una predicción:
Ello's va a la lluvia
Oh querido,Voy a llegar tarde.
5 .- Se usa "va a" cuando algo es claramente va a suceder muy pronto y como una
advertencia:
Cuidado,vamos a accidente
Tenga cuidado,usted va a caída de los vidrios
6 .- Se usa "a" cuando vaya a hacer una promesa o una oferta:
Voy a anillo que más tarde esta noche
Voy a venir y ayudar a que más tarde

(Oir contestados y una vez corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonidos(gramática) Sonidos(vocabulario) Parar
Ejercicios
Gramática
A) Escribe las respuestas completas en rojo, utilizando las palabras entre paréntesis y empleando las formas verbales"will" (ll) o"va a"según convenga:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
¿Por qué el cambio en el equipo?
________ Mi informe (I / tipo)
¿Quieres un trago?
Sí por favor.
________ Una taza de té (I / ha)
¿Te ha teléfono de su padre?
No, pero no te preocupes, ________ ahora él (I
/ teléfono)
¿Qué vas a hacer esta noche?
________ A una parte
(nosotros / ir)
¿Puede encontrarse esta noche?
No, lo siento, no puedo. ________
Madonna en concierto (I / ver)
B) Eltiempo verbal de las siguientes oracioneses incorrecto. Escríbelas nuevamente utilizando eltiempo adecuado:
1. -Esta noche me lavado mi cabello
2.
3.
James recibe un coche nuevo el próximo mes
Hoy ver el dentista a las 15:00 pm
4. Estoy seguro de que las condiciones meteorológicas es bueno este viernes

C) Escribe completas oracions utilizando las siguientes"will" o"va a":
1. --
Papá ________
(usted / se prestan) el coche me la semana que viene?
2. Andy y Andrea ________ (ha) una de las partes y que han invitado a mí
3.
4.
Lo siento, tu madre y yo
________ (ver) que la nueva película en el Odeon
Probablemente ________ (no volver) hasta diez
Vocabulario: Escribe completas las siguientes oraciones utilizando la palabra entre paréntesis acompañada de un prefijo negativo.
1. --
«No ser tan ________, ha sido sólo unos minutos de espera (paciente)
2.
3.
4.
Por favor, no ser tan ________, yo no puedo hacer todo el trabajo por mí mismo
(razón)
Siempre hay errores en su trabajo porque él es tan ________ (eficiente)
Después de que me había llegado a conocer lo mejor, yo lo mucho
________ (como)

Escribe completas las siguientes oraciones utilizando una palabra formada a partir de
la que figura entre paréntesis:
5. -El partido puede ser escuchado en todo el ________ (vecino)
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Su hermano dijo a la policía en su
________ que estaba solo y confundido (defender)
Se dice que ella no tenía ________ de lastimar a la pequeña viejo
(la intención)
Hoy hice una ________ que afectará a mi carrera (decidir)
Algunas máquinas mecánicas son
________ (peligro)
Él fue capaz de subir al árbol
________
(fácil)

Sonido Parar
Participar palabras
Porque:Porque
Gracias a:Gracias a
Es simplemente que:Es que
Por eso:Por eso
Por temor a que:Por miedo a que
Viendo que:En vista de que
Desde:Puesto que
Como consecuencia de:A causa de
Por esta razón:Por este motivo
Teniendo en cuenta que:Dado que
Como resultado de:Como consecuencia de
Debido a:Debido a
Es el resultado de: Resulta de
Por lo tanto:Por lo tanto
Lamentablemente:Desgraciadamente
Hoy en día:Hoy en día
A menudo se dice que:Se suele afirmar que
Sin embargo:Sin embargo
En primer lugar:Para comenzar
Siguiente:A continuación

Por último:Como Colofon
En resumen:En resumen
Además:Por otra parte
Sin embargo:Sin embargo
A pesar de:A pesar de que
Si bien:Aunque
En efecto:Efectivamente
Debido a:Debido a
Si bien:Mientras que
Sonido Stop
The History of the Hamburger
Who invented the hamburger? Many people throughout the world claim that it was their invention. Here are some theories: Some people believe that it was invented in Hamburg,
Germany. In the early 19th Century, German immigrants arrived in America and they brought with them their own style of cooking. They cooked their beef-steaks in a very similar way the Americans cook hamburgers today. However some maintain that American,
Charlie Nagreed created the hamburger in 1885 at the age of 15. Also, Frank Menches's family, claim that he invented the hamburger by substituting beef for pork in his famous sausages on one day when the heat and humidity forced butchers to stop slaughtering pigs.
The popularity of the hamburger began to rise just before World War II. With names like
Whopper, Big Mac and Flame grilled steak burger - hamburgers became a speciality in most American restaurants.
The wide-open spaces in America and its growing automobile culture helped make the hamburger a great success. The first chain-restaurant was opened in Wichita by Walter

Anderson and Billy Ingram in 1921. However, it was the McDonald brothers, Richard and
Maurice, who opened the doors to fast-food. The first McDonald's opened in 1948. Soon there were more than 100 restaurants all serving exactly the same burger. Nowadays, the hamburger is not only loved by Americans but also by people all over the world. Americans alone consume almost 11 billion burgers a year.
The hamburger is liked so much because of its simplicity and convenience i.e. it can be bought and eaten anywhere, it can be accompanied with anything e.g. cheese, tomato, ketchup, lettuce, onions, mayonnaise, etc. Today McDonald's hamburger is the most popular in America. And while we may never find out exactly who really discovered the hamburger, one thing is clear - Burgers have existed in America for over a century and they show no signs of going away!
Adjectives a) Form
1.- An adjective always has the same form. It never changes.
The funny man / The funny men
The small tree / The small trees b) Use
1.- We use adjectives to describe nouns
Maria is a tall, young girl (The adjectives here describe what Maria is like)
2.- An adjective can go before a noun or as a complement after the noun
It is a large stadium
The stadium is large c) Position of adjectives ( OSASCOM )
1.-The order in which you put adjectives in a sentence is very important. In English there is a rule:
O pinion
S ize
A ge

2.- Ejemplos:
Opinion: beautiful, ugly, etc.
Size: small, big, large, etc.
Age: old, young, etc.
Shape: round, square, etc.
Colour: red, blue, green, yellow, etc.
Origin: Spanish, Dutch, American, etc.
Material: glass, paper, wood, etc.
S hape
C olour
O rigin
M aterial
+
Noun
(Oir contestados y una vez corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonido Parar
Ejercicios
Gramática:
1 .- Escribe las siguientespalabrasen el orden correcto:

1.
2.
3.
Una pequeña rosa Inglés nuevo secador de pelo nuevo
Una botella de plástico azul oblongos
Inglés verde una mesa redonda
2 .- Escribe laspalabrasentre paréntesis en elorden correcto:
4.
5.
6.
-Mi nombre es Sarah Green y yo estaba en el vuelo de Easy Jet que viajaba de Londres a París, ayer a las
16:00. Sin embargo, cuando aterrizó y me fui a recoger mi equipaje no había una pieza faltante. Se trata de un ________ (materiales, oscuro, rojo, nuevo, maleta) .
Se trata de una unos 40 centímetros por 45 centímetros y tiene cinco
________ (corto, metal, cremalleras) que se unen en el medio.
Hay una etiqueta de la maleta, pero es posible que se haya caído. Dentro del caso, hay un montón de regalos y algo de ropa. Cuando estuve en
Londres compré algunos
________
(queso, Inglés, redondos, enormes) ...

7.
8.
9.
... y un ________ (vidrio, pequeño, de
Escocia, marrón, jarrón)
.
Estos se presentan en el caso.
También hay ________
(tres, azul, pares de jeans, nuevos, pequeños) ...
... y un ________ (rojo, chino, de tamaño mediano, falda)
. Espero que pronto mi maleta. Puedo ser contactado durante el día en el
00441707874456 o por las tardes en
97979787864.
Sonido Parar

Comer y Beber
Asado:Asado
Bolas de carne:Albóndigas
Carne de cerdo:Lomo
Marisco:Mariscos
Mejillones:Mejillón
Bacalao:Bacalao
Pulpo:Pulpo
Champagne:Champán
Sidra:Sidra
Zumo de frutas:Jugo de fruta
Sherry:Jerez
Alcachofa:Alcachofa
Repollo:Col
Aceitunas:Aceitunas
Harina:Harina
Bien hecho (carne):Muy hecho
Raras:Poco hecho
Crudo:Crudo
Parrilla:A la parrilla
Una mezcla de plato:Plato combinado
Guiso:Cocido
Vegetariano:Vegetariano

Ambiente:Ambiente
Acogiendo con beneplácito:Acogedor
Principal del curso:Plato principal
Cover:Cubierto
El libro de reclamaciones:Libro de reclamaciones
Para añadir:Añadir
Para probar:Probar
Para el olor de:Oler una
Al gusto de:Saber a
Para llevar:Traer
Para elegir:Escoger
Recomendar:Recomendar
A fin de:Pedir
Para cargar:Cobrar
Debe a:Deber
A quejarse:Quejarse
Para que un error:Equivocarse
Que falta:Faltar
¡Buen provecho!: ¡Que aproveche!
Cheers!:¡Salud!
Sonido Parar

Consejos de salud
Salud Consejos para Viajeros
Cada año, más de 56 millones de viajes al extranjero se realizan por el Inglés, ya sea de personas que viajan en busca de mar y sol, el negocio o el mochilero. Viajar al extranjero es ahora tan común que puede ser fácil de olvidar los riesgos para la salud que participan.
Comer y beber con seguridad ...
Dondequiera que estés en el mundo, tenga cuidado de lo que come y bebe. Los alimentos y el agua puede estar contaminada. En algunos países europeos el agua del grifo no puede ser borracho - Compruebe siempre! Si tiene alguna duda, es hervir, esterilizar con tabletas desinfectantes o usar agua embotellada. Trate de evitar tomar bebidas con hielo. Cuando de comer, asegúrese de que siempre comer alimentos recién cocidos. Evitar tener que volver a calentarse los alimentos y evitar siempre la alimentación, que parece que ha sido expuesto a las moscas.
Tenga cuidado en el sol
Muchas personas viajan Inglés fuera del Reino Unido, en el verano, en busca de hermosas playas y, por supuesto, el sol. La mayoría cree que unas vacaciones no es una fiesta sin tener que regresar con un hermoso bronceado. Sin embargo, el sol puede ser muy peligroso. La sobreexposición puede causar quemaduras de sol, dando lugar a envejecimiento prematuro de la piel y un aumento del riesgo de cáncer de piel.
Es importante protegerse a si mismo:
Siempre use una crema que contenga sol UVA y UVB protección. Recuerde que debe volver a aplicar cada 45-60 minutos.
Permanezca fuera del sol cuando está en su más fuerte entre las 11 am y 3 pm.
Cubrir hasta - en el vestido suelto, cerca de la ropa de algodón que cubren la mayor parte de su piel como sea posible.
Use gafas de sol que filtran los rayos UV para proteger los ojos.
Verbos modales a) Capacidad: "cuno "," podría "," poder " a.1. "puede", "podría"

1 .- El método de"puede" ("podría" en el pasado) para decir quealgo que es posible o decir quealguien sabe o tiene la capacidad de hacer algo.
puede (podría) + infinitivo
Puedo ver el lago desde mi ventana
¿Se puede hablar japonés?
No podemos ir a París este fin de semana
"Puedo" sólo se puede utilizar en el presente y el pasado. No se puede utilizar en el presente perfecto. Puede no tener un infinitivo.
a.2. "poder"
2. Podemos usar"poder" en vez de lata.
be capaz de + infinitivo
No he podido hacer mi tarea. Yo lo haré mañana
¿Eres capaz de tocar el piano?
b) Obligación: "must "," tener que "," tienen que " b.1. "debe" debe + infinitivo
1 .- El método de"debe" decir que es necesario que alguien haga algo
Idebe ir a trabajar hoy
Ellos no deben fumar en este edificio
Usamos"debe" cuando creemos que algo es cierto
Yo han estado trabajando todo el día. Usted debe de estar cansado
Manuel ha sido la traducción de todo el día. Debe estar aburrido
Por el tiempo pasado que usamos:
+ + debe haber pasado participio
He perdido mi teléfono móvil. Debo haber dejado en la biblioteca

b.2. "have a + infinitivo "/" tienen a + infinitivo "
1. Nosotrosusar"tiene que" / "tienen que" cuando usted habla deobligación externa,
Como una ley o cuando alguien dice que algo es necesario o importante.
Tonderecha tenemos que ir a la práctica de natación (si no no vamos a estar en el equipo)
Ellos tienen que ir a la escuela el viernes c) Posibilidad
c.1. "podrá", "podría" puede (podría) + infinitivo desnudo
Ellos pueden ir a la fiesta el sábado
Podría ponerse un vestido
Es posible que no podamos ir a la escuela esta semana
Ella tal vez no (tal vez no) jugar al tenis en Wimbledon
1 .- El método de"podrá" o"podría" para hablar delas acciones posibles en el futuro.
2."Mayo" y"podría" suelen serintercambiables. Sin embargo, el uso "puede" (no
"puede") si la acción no es real.
Si sabía de su mamá mejor, yo podría invitar a sus más de una taza de té (La situación no es real porque no sé la mejor mamá, así que no voy a invitar a ella. Que no es posible en este ejemplo).
d) Responsabilidad debe (debería) + infinitivo desnudo e) La falta de obligación / responsabilidad no tiene que (no es necesario que) + infinitivo desnudo
(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)

A)
B) y
C)
D) E) Vocabulary Stop
Exercises
Grammar
A) Indica cuales de las siguientes formas verbales "can, can't, could, couldn't, be able to,
was / were able to" habría que incluir en cada frase. (En algunos casos se indica si la frase es afirmativa o negativa)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I'm really sorry. I ________ go to the theatre tonight
Jan hasn't ________ to sing all her life
Nicola is bilingual. She ________ speak Spanish and French
I looked in the shop window and I
________ see the blue denim skirt
(afirmativa)
My Nana liked cooking but she
________ cook very well
I have never ________ to drive a motorbike
Yesterday I ________ to go to the zoo
(negativa)
James and Katie hurt their wrists in the accident and ________ to write
B) Completa las siguientes frases utilizando "must" o "have to":
1. The shop ________ have nice clothes.
There is always a queue

2.
3.
Jill is a good sportswoman. She
________ keep very fit
You ________ be 18 or over to see some films in England
4. When I woke up I noticed that the light was on. I ________ forgotten to turn it off
C) Construye frases utilizando "must have" o "can't have" y las palbras que hay enre paréntesis:
1. I haven't seen Anna lately.
________
(She / ill)
2. I can't find my watch. ________ (I / leave / at the swimming pool)
3.
4.
The sofa that we bought has lasted 10 years. ________ (It / be / good quality)
The alarm was going off, but the man still entered. ________ (He / hear / the alarm)
D) Elige una de las siguientes formas verbales "may, might, may not, might not or may
have" para completar las siguientes frases:
1. I can't find my pen. Well, the dog
________ hidden it

6.
7.
8.
4.
5.
2.
3.
Do you know if she is at the park? She
________ be
Was he ill? I don't know. He
________ been
May I borrow your computer? You certainly ________
Well, you ________ as well come with us to the party
We________ go out tonight if I am not too tired biscuits
I wonder if I ________ a few more
________ I see your passport please?
E) En las siguientes frases hay un error. Escríbelas correctamente:
1. You don't spend as much time as you must on your homework
2. I couldn't have to give the money to my father

3. Did you able to find Amy's house?
4. People not allowed to smoke in this room
Vocabulary: Escribe una palabra formada a partir de las que aparecen entre paréntesis para completar las siguientes oraciones:
11. I do not consider running a form of
________ (relax)
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Do you ever suffer from ________ ?
(bore)
The baby smiled with ________
(happy)
The situation was very ________
(embarrass)
Yesterday was a very ________ day
(enjoy)
They got ________ last week (marry)
17. The couple got ________ a month ago (engage)

18.
19.
20.
He is a very ________ person
(beautiful)
Do you think Jo is ________ than
Jim? (good looking)
David is the ________ boy in my class (good looking)

Sonido Stop
Useful Verbs
Abolish: Eliminar / suprimir
Accuse: Acusar
Get accustomed to: Acostumbrarse a
Achieve: Conseguir / lograr
Admit: Admitir / confesar
Advise: Aconsejar
Afford: Costear
Agree with: Estar de acuerdo con
Allow: Permitir
Annoy: Fastidiar
Apologise: Disculparse
Appear: Parecer / aparecer
Appreciate: Apreciar
Approve: Aprobar
Attempt: Intentar
Attract: Atraer
Avoid: Evitar
Bear: Aguantar
Become: Hacerse / llegar a ser / ponerse
Behave: Comportarse

Betray: Traicionar
Blame: Culpar
Boast: Jactarse
Cancel: Anular
Cheat: Burlar
Check: Comprobar
Complain: Quejarse
Conclude: Concluir
Confess: Confesar
Confuse: Confundir
Congratulate (on): Felicitar (por)
Deal (with something): Tratar de
Demand: Exigir
Deny: Negar
Deserve: Merecer
Develop: Desarrollar
Disagree: No estar de acuerdo
Distrust: Desconfiar de
Endure: Aguantar
Enjoy: Disfrutar de
Envy: Envidiar
Excuse: Perdonar

Sonido Stop
The Persistent Pursuit of Thinness
Adolescence, as we all know, is one of the most problematic and difficult stages in the
Evolution of Man. The youth not only suffers physical, psychological and social changes, but is also subject to pressure from friends and the Media. These pressures can cause certain eating disorders among adolescents.
Anorexia nervosa is one of the principal illnesses with youths between the ages of 14 and
18. However, it can also affect adult women and men. People with anorexia are obsessed with being thin - they starve themselves to achieve this. They believe that they are fat even though they are very thin. It is a mental illness as it is an attempt to use food and the concept of weight to deal with emotional problems.
The number of cases is increasing because today we live in a world where "image" counts for practically everything. The television, magazines and newspapers only show amazingly pretty and slim people. In the media we don't see successful 'fat', 'ugly' actors/actresses, models, etc. Consequently giving the impression to teenagers that success is related to being attractive. Therefore people with anorexia may believe that they would be happier and more successful if they were thin.
Treating people with anorexia is extremely difficult because those who suffer from this illness believe there is nothing wrong with them. However, if treatment is carried out within the first six months, the patient can be successfully treated. On the other hand, once beyond the six-month stage, treatment becomes less efficient. The anorexic can be taken into hospital, but even then it is not certain that the patient will make a complete recovery. Once in hospital, the patient not only has to change their diet, but also face up to the fact that they themselves have a problem.
Word order

Subject + Verb + Object
The subject, verb and object normally go together. We do not usually put other words between the verb and the object.
I play football
He sees Jack
We eat apples
Study the following examples. Notice how the verb and the subject go together every time.
Do you watch television every night? (Not - Do you watch every night television?)
Our teacher speaks Spanish quickly (Not - Our teacher speaks quickly Spanish)
Everybody liked the match a lot (Not - Everybody liked a lot the match)
Place
Normally the verb and the place go together:
Walk to the park
Go home
Live in the centre
If the verb has an object, the place goes directly after the verb
Meet a friend in a restaurant
Take somebody to a bar
Time when? how long? how often?
Usually goes after the "place".
We arrived home at ten o'clock
I have been in Madrid since June
Did you drive to work this morning?
Study the following examples. Notice how the place goes before the time:
I went to Madrid on Monday
We arrived at work three hours late
They didn't go to the zoo yesterday as it was too dark

It is sometimes possible to put the time at the beginning of the sentence:
On Monday I went to Madrid
Yesterday, they didn't go to the zoo as it was too dark
Some adverbs probably, almost, never, usually, etc
This adverbs go with the verb in the middle of the sentence
I never smoke
We usually go to work by car
Here are some general rules as to the positioning of adverbs:
1. If the verb is one word (e.g. walk / speak / does, etc) the adverb usually goes before the verb.
Exception: "have to". In this case adverbs go before "have to".
They often speak Spanish to each other
Children always have to do their homework.
2. Adverbs go after "am / is / are / were"
We are always hungry
They are never late
3. If the verb is two or more words (e.g. do smoke / can swim, etc) the adverb goes after
the first verb.
Laura and Vicky have never been to America
Maria doesn't usually smoke
(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonidos
(grammar)
Sonidos
(vocabulary)
Stop

Exercises
Grammar
A) Comprueba el orden de las palabras de las siguientes oraciones; en algunos casos es
incorrecto. Escríbelas todas ellas correctamente.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
9.
10.
7.
8.
I love watching very much romantic films
Everybody goes every week to church
Nana learnt how to use a computer yesterday
We went yesterday to the supermarket
James and Katie go every day to work by underground
I met on my way an uncle of mine
I did quickly my homework and then went out with my friends
Susana was here last weekend but now she is in Norwich
We have usually breakfast after having a shower
She always says she'll write him a letter but she never does

11.
12.
Your passport has been probably stolen
They can never remember where Ann lives
B) Ordena los siguientes bloques de palabras y construye con ellos una oración:
1. (here / make sure you're / by 11 o'clock)
2.
3.
(to the Chinese restaurant / every month / go / I)
(attend / cookery classes / every
Monday / we)
4.
5.
6.
7.
(visit / their cousin's house / they / once a year)
(opposite my house / they / a factory / are building)
(wore / every time she went to a party
/ earrings / Claire)
(They / around the city / all day / walked)
C) Escribe nuevamente las frases siguientes incluyendo la palabra entre paréntesis:

1. The hotel is very cheap (probably)
2. Do you cook the dinner? (always)
3. They don't smoke (often)
4.
5.
Marion can speak French. She can speak Greek (also)
Katie and James were born in
Aylesbury (both)
Vocabulary
Completa las siguientes frases con una palabra formada a partir de la palabra que figura entre paréntesis:
21. Thank you for your ________ (kind)
22.
23.
Will you ________ refrain from smoking in the building (kind)
Some people use ________ honey to their tea (sweet)

28.
29.
30.
31.
24.
25.
26.
27.
She smiled at him ________ (sweet)
My boyfriend is very ________
(romance)
He is a computer ________
(specialize)
Jan is a wonderful ________ (sing)
I wanted to be a ________
(sociology)
Are there any ________ between
English and Spanish food? (similar)
There are many ________ between these two towns (different)
Children often have a short ________
(concentrate)

Sonido Parar
Compras
Tienda de ropa: Una tienda de ropa
Tintorería: La tintorería
Hipermercado: El Hipermercado
Medida: El Sastre
Pulsera: La pulsera
Cadena: La cadena
Pendientes: Los pendientes
Barra de labios: La barra de labios
Maquillaje: El maquillaje
Collar: El cuello
Anillo: El anillo
Vestuario: El probador
Tela: La tela
Algodón: El algodón
Cuero: La piel
Nylon: El nilón
Sandalias: Las sandalias
Seda: La Seda
Manga: La Manga

Rayadas: A rayas
Traje de baño: El bañador
Para estar en la moda: Estar de moda
En la última moda: De última moda
Para cargar: Cobrar
Para devolver: Devolver
A pasar: Gastar
Para envolver: Envolver
A la cola: Hacer cola
Parar Sonido
Los Fundamentos de la fabricación de queso
El proceso de la fabricación de queso se remonta miles de años. Incluso hoy en día por los expertos el proceso se considera difícil, ya que combina "Arte" y "Ciencia
Leche de diferentes mamíferos como la vaca, de oveja, cabra y búfala se usa para producir queso. Sin embargo, el uso de leche de diferentes mamíferos tiene un efecto sobre la calidad final del queso. Por ejemplo, leche de oveja contiene altos sólidos totales y, por tanto, hace que el queso duro. Sin embargo, la leche alta en grasa produce queso suave.
Por lo tanto, el proceso de queso tiene que ser modificado en relación con el tipo de leche que se utilice.
Queso depende de la coagulación de la leche. En primer lugar, la leche es seleccionado cuidadosamente para asegurarse de que no hay antibióticos o los agentes nocivos que podrían afectar el proceso. La leche se calienta y se mantendrá a una temperatura dada durante un corto período de destruir las bacterias dañinas todo (por ejemplo, la pasteurización). Especial culturas arranque se añade a la leche caliente y el cambio una

cantidad muy pequeña de la leche, el azúcar en ácido láctico. Esta acidifica la leche a un ritmo mucho más rápido y se prepara para la siguiente fase. Se añade cuajo a la leche y en un corto período de tiempo se produce una cuajada. La cuajada se corta en cubos pequeños, y se aplica calor para iniciar un proceso de reducción, que, con el fortalecimiento de la producción de ácido láctico de las culturas de arranque, los cambios en el arroz del tamaño de pequeños granos. En un punto elegido cuidadosamente la cuajada se permite que los granos caen al fondo de la cuba de queso, la izquierda-más de líquido, que consiste en el agua, el azúcar de la leche y la albúmina (ahora se llama suero) se escurre y la cuajada de los granos permite que mat para formar grandes placas de requesón. Las losas son luego molido, sal y se agrega para proporcionar sabor y ayudar a preservar el queso. Posteriormente, se presiona, y posteriormente embaladas en contenedores de varios tamaños para madurar.
Parar Sonido
Existe grasa en la leche como pequeños glóbulos que pueden variar en tamaño, dependiendo de la raza de la vaca. La grasa en la leche ayuda a producir el sabor, aroma y cuerpo en el queso maduro. Queso elaborado con leche desnatada es dura en el cuerpo y textura, y carece de sabor. Proteína existe en dos formas en la leche como una suspensión / coloidal (caseína) y en una forma soluble (proteínas de suero de leche). Diferentes enzimas en la leche pueden surgir de la vaca misma, desde las bacterias presentes en el pezón o los canales de los organismos que acceder a la leche en una etapa posterior. La lactosa es el principal azúcar en la leche. Proporciona la fuente de energía para el arranque culturas para producir ácido láctico, y así ayuda a modificar la leche para hacer queso.
Aproximadamente el 10% de la lactosa es utilizada por el motor de arranque para que las bacterias del ácido láctico, y el resto se retira con el suero de leche
El queso es realmente una forma de leche fermentada, la producción de ácido y se lleva a cabo por las culturas de arranque. La leche que se obtienen de la vida animal tiene la bacteria en el momento de alimentar a la ternera. Algunas bacterias producen ácido, otros ayudan a digerir las proteínas de la leche, algunos utilizan la leche como base de su propio desarrollo, que en el caso de las enfermedades que producen las bacterias, pueden infectar a las personas que beben la misma. La tuberculosis y la fiebre ondulante son tres ejemplos de enfermedades que pueden afectar a las personas que pueden beber sin leche pasteurizada.
Sonido Parar
La necesidad de coagular la leche ha sido ampliamente reconocida desde la época de los romanos, y esto puede lograrse por el uso selectivo de determinados vegetales o mediante la extracción de la enzima a partir de cuajo el cuarto estómago de los terneros alimentados con leche.

Estos se denominan con textura de queso, como el Cheddar, Cheshire y el Inglés quesos regionales incluyendo Caerphilly, que sean objeto de presionar por un período de 18 horas hasta 2-3 días después de su puesta en el queso moldes. A lo largo del proceso de elaboración de queso es el motor de arranque de manera constante que el ácido, su velocidad en modo reducido en cierta medida en el proceso de calentamiento utilizados en las etapas finales. Para detener el desarrollo más ácido, y también para proporcionar un elemento de sabor y ayudar a preservar el último el queso, la sal se añade el cuajo bloques se muele. Salado provoca una pequeña avalancha de más suero, la cuajada se enfría ligeramente más ácido y los controles de desarrollo.
Moldeado no tiene nada que ver con la masa verde azul veces visto en la tradicional de queso, o pan duro, pero es el término utilizado para contener y requesón salado presionando en cierta forma en la que puede ser madurado antes de ser finalmente vendidos.
La pasiva (I)
Para ser + participio pasado
La puerta está siempre bloqueada
La carta se envió ayer
Usamos unverbo activo decirlo que el sujeto no:
El secretario escribió el informe
Lavar los platos cada día
Darren las reglas del juego
Usamos unaverbo pasivo decirlo que ocurre con el tema. ¿Quién o qué hace que la acción es a menudo desconocida:
El informe fue escrito (Por quién? No sabemos - que no es importante)
Los platos se lavan todos los días
Sin embargo, si queremos decirque hace o lo que causa la acción, Usamos "por ..." .
El informe fue escritopor el secretario

El partido se jugópor Darren
(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonido Stop
Exercises
A) Escribe las siguientes frases completas utilizando algunas de las siguientes formas verbales "is / are / was / were / be / being / been".

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Macbeth ________ written by
Shakespeare
Most people ________ paid at the end of the month
Theatrical plays ________ usually held in theatres
A new shop has ________ open on
Oxford Street
Billions of hamburgers ________ eaten every year
Have you ever ________ to London?
7. Our teachers t________ rained to teach adults and children
B) Escribe las siguientes frases completas empleando el verbo entre paréntesis en la forma correcta (present simple - past simple / active - Passive).
1. Lemonade ________ by most
Europeans (drink)
2. While I was on holiday, my passport
________ in the restaurant (steal)

9.
10.
7.
8.
5.
6.
3.
4.
While I was on holiday, my passport
________ in the restaurant
(disappear)
The office ________ at 17:00 on
Monday to Friday (close)
I posted the postcard last month and it
________ today! (arrive)
Twenty people ________ in the crash on Sunday (kill)
Today's football match ________ due to bad weather (cancel)
Dogs ________ in restaurants (not allow)
Star Wars ________ by George Lucas
(direct)
The room ________ every day (clean)

Sonido Parar
Ciencia y Tecnología
Equipo: El equipo
Laboratorio: El laboratorio
Biólogo: El biólogo
Químico: El químico
Físico: El físico
Científico:
El científico
Explotar: Explotar
Explosión: La explosión
Catástrofe nuclear:
El siniestro nucleares
La energía nuclear: La energía nuclear
Nuclear: La central nuclear
Radiactivos: Radioactivo
Lavavajillas: El lavaplatos
Secador de pelo: El secador del pelo
Lavadora: La lavadora
Grabadora de vídeo: La video-grabadora
Video-cámara:
La videocámara
Para estar preparados: Estar listo
Cultivar: Cultivares
Para seco: Secar

Para conectar: Enchufar
Para proceso: Procesar
A la investigación:
Investigar
Para desconectar: Desenchufar
Parar Sonido
Leer las preguntas y, a continuación, escuchar atentamente a la escucha. Responder a las preguntas. Usted puede escuchar la escucha dos veces.
El Juicio de París
El Sentencia de París se dice en la mitología griega. Es la historia del príncipe Paris de
Troya, quien fue llamado a Juez que era el más atractivo de las diosas, Hera, Atenea o
Afrodita.
Hera, Atenea y Afrodita desesperadamente quería ganar la competencia y así tratar de persuadir a París cada uno de ellos intentó sobornar a él por su gran oferta de regalos.
Hera ofrece París "gran poder", Atenea le ofreció el éxito en la batalla "y Afrodita ofreció la mujer más bella del mundo. Después de mucho pensamiento, de París tuvo Afrodita en su oferta. Luego ayudó a secuestrar a Helen París. Este secuestro provocó la guerra de
Troya.
OOO OOO O ------ ------
Preguntas
1 .- ¿Dónde está la sentencia de París le dijo?
2. Por quién y por qué se pide a París?
3. ¿Qué hacer en las diosas para tratar de persuadir a París?
4. ¿Qué ofrecen Athene París?
5. Cuya oferta hizo tomar?
6. ¿Cuál fue el resultado de esta toma de soborno?

La pasiva (II)
Activo Pasiva
--
Presente continuo
-am / es / son + participio presente
Estamos lavar mi coche am / es / son + que + participio pasado
Mi auto se lavan
Pasado continuo fue / fueron + participio pasado fue / fueron siendo + + participio pasado
Se les explican las reglas Las normas se explica
--
Presente perfecto tiene / ha + participio pasado
Hemos limpiado la habitación
--
Pasado perfecto había + participio pasado
Que había visto la película
-tiene / ha + sido + participio pasado
La habitación se ha limpiado
+ + ha sido pasado participio
La película se ha visto
Verbo modal modal + verbo en infinitivo modal + verbo ser + participio pasado
Puede atrapar el balón
La bola puede ser capturada
(Oir contestados y una vez corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonido Parar
Ejercicios
Escribe las siguientes frases enforma pasiva.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
9.
10.
7.
8.
Mantenemos los platos en el armario
Alguien encontró la bolsa de Jim se encuentra en la calle
Puede obtener esta cinta en su biblioteca local
Alguien me dijo que fuera de aparcar mi coche en la calle
Ellos venden su coche de más de £
20000000
Nadie ha oído hablar de Paul, ya que se fue a vivir en Francia
Se venden golosinas en la mayoría de los quioscos
Ellos no le permiten tomar prestado más de tres libros
Alguien le dio un collar para su cumpleaños
Usted debe usar gafas de protección en el taller

Parar Sonido
Turismo
Un histórico de la ciudad:
Una ciudad monumental
Una habitación con vistas al mar: Una habitación con vistas al mar
Libro de reclamaciones: El libro de reclamaciones
Costo de alojamiento: El coste del alojamiento
Crucero: El Crucero
Doble reserva: La doble reserva
Excursionistas: Los excursionistas
Para todos los gustos: Para todos los gustos
Situación geográfica: La localización geográfica
Industria hotelera: La industria hotelera
El turismo de masas: El turismo de masas
Tour operador: El Tour Operador
Paquete turístico:
El viaje con todo incluido
Turismo de calidad: El turismo de calidad
Dentro del alcance de cualquier persona: Al alcance de cualquiera
Las playas son desbordante: Las playas están a rebosar
Las zonas costeras: Las zonas costeras
La previsión para este año: Las previsiones para este año
La vida nocturna: La movida nocturna
A pagar unas vacaciones: Costearse unas vacaciones

Para elegir un lugar de moda: Escoger un sitio marchoso
Para desarrollar un rollo de película: Revelar un rollo de película
Para disfrutar de unas buenas vacaciones: Disfrutar de unas buenas vacaciones
Para obtener un bronceado: Broncearse
A emborracharse: Emborracharse
Para ir al interior: Dirigirse tierra adentro
Para ir en un viaje: Salir de excursión
Tener cuarenta guiños / una repetición:
Echarse una siestecita
Para tener un dulce: Ser goloso / a
Para presentar / hacer una denuncia: Formular una reclamación
Para relajarse de la rutina diaria: Descansar del ajetreo cotidiano
A buscar unos días de paz y tranquilidad: Buscarse unos días de paz y tranquilidad
A gastar una pequeña fortuna:
Gastarse un dineral
Para tomar el sol en la playa: Tomar el sol en la playa
Para tener en español:
Empezar con el español
Para tomar fotos: Sacar fotos
Sonido Stop
Factory; Chapter 4)
(An extract from Roald Dahl's, Charlie and the Chocolate
The Secret Workers
The next evening, Grandpa Joe went on with his story.

You see, Charlie', he said, 'not so very long ago there used to be thousands of people working in Mr Willy Wonka's factory. Then one day, all of a sudden, Mr Wonka had to ask every single one of them to leave, to go home, never come back'.
'But why?' asked Charlie.
'Because of spies'.
'Spies?'
'Yes. All the other chocolate makers, you see, had begun to grow jealous of the wonderful sweets that Mr Wonka was making, and they started sending in spies to steal his secret recipes. The spies took jobs in the Wonka factory, pretending that they were ordinary worker, and while they were there, each one of them found out exactly how a certain special thing was made'.
'And did they go back to their own factories and tell? Asked Charlie.
'They must have', answered Grandpa Joe, 'because soon after that, Fickelgruber's factory started making an ice cream that would never melt, even in the hottest sun. Then Mr
Prodnose's factory came out with a chewing-gum that never lost its flavour however much you chewed it. And then Mr Slugworth's factory began making sugar balloons that you could blow up to huge sizes before you popped them with a pin and gobbled them up. And so on, and son on. And Mr Willy Wonka tore his beard and shouted. "This is terrible! I shall be ruined! There are spies everywhere! I shall have to close the factory!"
'But he didn't do that!' Charlie said.
'Oh, yes he did. He told all the workers that he was sorry, but they would have to go home.
Then, he shut the main gates and fastened them with a chain. And suddenly, Wonka's giant chocolate factory became silent and deserted. The chimneys stopped smoking, the machines stopped whirring and from then on, not a single chocolate or sweet was made. Not a soul went in or out, and even Mr Willy Wonka himself disappeared completely.'
'Months and months went by', Grandpa Joe went on, 'but still the factory remained closed.
And everybody said, "Poor Mr Wonka. He was so nice. And he made such marvellous things. But he's finished now. It's all over."
'Then something astonishing happened. One day, early in the morning, thin columns of white smoke were seen to be coming out of the tops of the tall chimneys of the factory!
People in the town stopped and stared. "What's going on?" they cried. "Someone's lit the furnaces! Mr Wonka must be opening up again!" They ran to the gates, expecting to see them wide open and Mr Wonka standing there to welcome his workers back'.
'But no! The great iron gates were still locked and chained as securely as ever, and Mr
Wonka was nowhere to be seen.'

"But the factory is working!" the people shouted. "Listen! You can hear the machines!
They're all whirring again! And you can smell the smell of melting chocolate in the air!".
' Grandpa Joe leaned forward and laid a long bony finger on Charlie's knee, and he said softly, 'But most mysterious of all, Charlie, were the shadows in the windows of the factory.
The people standing on the street outside could see small dark shadows moving about behind the frosted glass window.'
'Shadows of whom?' said Charlie quickly.
'That's exactly what everybody else wanted to know.'
Sonido Stop
Dialogue
(You have bought a coat and when you go home you realise you do not really like it. You go back to the shop in order to return it and you have an argument with one of the assistants)
Maria: Good afternoon.
Shop assistant: Good afternoon, can I help you?
Maria: Well, the other day I bought this coat and to be honest, I don't like the colour very much. Can I get my money back or exchange it?
Shop assistant: No, …I'm sorry but we only exchange items if they are faulty.
Maria: I know but I really don't like the coat and I feel that if I changed it for another item in this shop I would be happier.
Shop assistant: I'm afraid we do not refund or exchange items just because you don't like them. You tried the jacket on in the shop didn't you?
Maria: Yes, but when I saw the coat in daylight I realised that I didn't like the colour.
Shop assistant: If you don't like the colour you can exchange the jacket for another colour.
Maria: Oh really, that is what I have been trying to say to you.
Shop assistant: Well, you should try and speak clearer next time. Here you are.
Maria: Thank you!

Direct & reported speech
Study this example:
John
"I am very happy"
If you want to tell somebody what John said, there are two ways of doing this. You can use
direct or reported speech.
John said, "I am very happy" (direct speech)
John said that he was very happy (reported speech)
Y ou use reported speech when you give information about what people say or think. The main verb and the rest of the sentence are usually in the past tense.
Maria said (that) she went to London yesterday
I told her (that) we couldn't go to her party
(*) You can leave out "that"
Maria said she went to London yesterday
As a rule, the present form in direct speech changes to the past form in reported speech:
Present simple
am / is are can do / does have / has will
Past simple
was were could did had would

help finish
...
helped finished
...
However, if what you are reporting is still true at the time of reporting, you do not need to
change the verb.
John said "Maria is a shy person" (direct speech)
John said that Maria is a shy person (reported speech)
----- 0 -----
Maria said "I want to go to Marbella next summer" (direct speech)
Maria said that she wants to go to Marbella next summer (reported speech)
Note that it is also correct to change the verb into the past:
John said that Maria was a shy person
Maria said that she wanted to go to Marbella next summer
In reported speech, the past simple can stay the same or you can change it to the past
perfect:
Past simple
could did had was
...
Past perfect
had been able had done had had had been
...
James said, "I went to Paris for the weekend" (direct speech)
James said (that) he went to Paris for the weekend (reported speech)
Or:
James said (that) he had been to Paris for the weekend (direct speech)
These verbs are often used to report statements:

Add
Admit
Announce
Answer
Complain
Explain
Find out
Inform someone
Reply
Say
Shout
State
Suggest
Whisper
Tell someone
Remember: When you're reporting times and places, these words sometimes change.
Direct speech
-
Here
Now
This
Tomorrow
Yesterday
This week
Last week
Reported speech
-
There
Then
The
The next day
The day before
That week
The week before
(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonido Stop
Exercises
A) Ayer te encontraste a una vieja amiga, Julia, que te contó varias cosas. Más tarde te encontraste otro amigo al que le contaste lo que Julia te había dicho, utiliza para ello el
discurso indirecto (reported speech):

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
My brother is living in Spain
My husband and I are not going to have a holiday this year
I don't know what Susana is doing
Susana was working in a school
I went to the cinema on Friday
My purse was stolen yesterday
You can come and visit my new house in Scotland
I'll tell Philip I saw you
I haven't studied Greek for two years
B) Esta mañana te encontraste a tu amiga Eliana con la que estuviste charlando un rato.
Más tarde le constate a un amigo lo que habías hablado con ella. Escribe las siguientes frases utilizando el discurso indirecto. Entre paréntesis se indica quien dijo cada frase y el verbo introductorio que tienes que utilizar para el discurso indirecto.

1.
2.
3.
4.
Meet me there at eleven o'clock if you want to pay half price
(tú; tell)
I think you should wear a skirt and a pair of boots (tú; advise)
Would you mind paying for me. I don't have any money (Eliana; ask)
You must be home by 4 o'clock in the morning
(tú; remind)
C) Imagina que estuviste hablando con tu primo Mark acerca de una fiesta que él iba a tener. Escribe las siguientes frases en pasado utilizando el estilo indirecto. Utiliza como verbo introductorio "ask".
1. Have you had any parties in your house before?
2.
3.
What are you going to wear to your party?
How many people do you think will come?
4. (When I saw Mark after the party, I asked) How did the party go?
D) Escribe las siguientes fraes utilizando el estilo indirecto.

1.
2.
3.
I want you to work harder tomorrow
(She said...)
I think I'd better tell you that it was me who broke the computer (He admitted that...)
I am going to New York tomorrow
(She told me...)

Sonido Stop
Useful Verbs (2)
Fail: Fracasar
Favour: Favorecer
Fear: Temer
Fight (for): Luchar (por)
Forbid: Prohibir
Forsee: Prever
Forgive: Perdonar
Fulfil: Cumplir
Govern: Gobernar
Hesitate: Dudar/vaciliar
Imagine: Imaginarse
Improve: Mejorar
Increase: Aumentar
Intend to: Pensar
Judge: Juzgar
Maintain: Mantener
Manage to: Conseguir
Make a mistake/be wrong: Equivocarse
Mistrust: Desconfiar de
Neglect: Descuidar

Obey: Obedecer a
Object to: Oponerse a
Offend: Ofender
Offer: Ofrecer
Omit: Omitir
Owe: Deber
Own: Poseer
Persuade: Persaudir a
Possess: Poseer
Postpone: Aplazar
Prevent: Impedir
Profit from: Aprovechar de
Promise: Prometer
Propose: Proponer
Protect: Proteger
Prove: Comprobar
Provide: Proveer
Recognise: Reconocer
Refuse: Negarse
Regret: Lamentar
Reject: Rechazar
Satisfy: Satisfacer
Succeed / be successful: Tener éxito

Supply: Suministrar
Support: Apoyar
Suppose: Suponer
Suspect: Sospechar
Worry: Inquietarse
Sonido Stop
The Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, for example) trap energy from the sun. Without these gases, the earth would be a frozen planet, with an average temperature of about -18 degrees C.
Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun. The glass windows of the greenhouse let in light but prevent heat from escaping. This causes the greenhouse to heat up, much like the inside of a car parked in sunlight, and keeps the plants warm enough to live in the winter.
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere behave much like the glass panels in a greenhouse.
Sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere and passes through the layer of greenhouse gases.
As the sunlight reaches the Earth's surface, land, water, and biosphere absorb it. Once absorbed, this energy is sent back into the atmosphere. Some of the energy passes back into space, but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases, causing our world to heat up.
Although the greenhouse effect is very important, the amount of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by about 28% in the last 100 years. Scientists believe that this increase is due to: the burning of fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal), the chopping of trees in the tropical forests and the increase of levels of methane and chlorofluorocarbons in the air. If the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could make the Earth warmer than usual causing Global Warming. Even a little extra warming may cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.
In 1995, leading scientists predicted the rise in temperatures of 2 degrees C by the year
2005. Warming of this scale will change the climates throughout the world and cause the sea levels to rise significantly.

International efforts have been undertaken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In 1997 the
Kyoto Protocol was set up. This pack obliges 38 countries to reduce emissions of any 6 greenhouse
Sonido Stop
An account of an event
Bon Jovi Concert
Last Thursday I went to see Bon Jovi in concert. The concerts was held in Madrid, in "La
Peineta". It was amazing.
When we arrived at half past eight the stadium wasn't very full, but there was a good atmosphere. People were singing, shouting and doing Mexican waves. There were two ways of seeing the concert: sitting or standing. We had chosen standing and the view that we had was excellent. At around half past nine, the time the concert was due to start, the stadium was almost full with around 50,000 people. At precisely twenty to ten, the band drove up to the stadium, the fans were going crazy. The band jumped on to the stage and sang their first song. However, it wasn't until they sang their second song, "Living on a prayer" that I actually realised that, right before my eyes, I was watching Bon Jovi Live! As the adrenaline went through my body I began screaming and dancing.
The concert lasted just over two hours and, in my opinion, it was one of the best concerts I have ever seen. I would recommend going to see Bon Jovi in concert to everyone.
------ ooo O ooo ------
One kind of composition you may be asked to write is an account of an event such as a football match, party, concert, exhibition, etc.
Paragraph 1 - Introduction. Give details of the visit. What was the event? Where? When?
Why did you got to it?
Paragraph 2 - General impression. Give some information about the building, the atmosphere, how many people there were, etc.
Paragraph 3 - Details. Give details about some aspects of the event. (This will probably be your longest paragraph.

Paragraph 4 - Opinion and summary. Say what you thought of the event and whether you would recommend such an event to others.
a) Questions
Question words:
What
Where
When
Why
Who.
How
Qué
Dónde
Cuándo
Por qué
Quién
Cómo
Formation of questions using question words:
Question word + auxiliary verb + subject + bare infinitive (without to)
Examples:
What do you eat for breakfast?
Where do they live?
Why do we need to go to school?
Why does he play football?
The auxiliary "do / does" changes to "did" when asking a question in the past.
Where did you live?
We do not use the auxiliary "do / does / did" in questions if "who / what / which" is the subject of the sentence.
Who - object
-
Amanda spoke to somebody
Who did Amanda speak to?
Who - subject
-
Somebody spoke to Amanda
Who spoke to Amanda?

We use "who" when we are referring to people. We use "what" or which when we are referring to things or places.
More examples with "who / what / which" as the subject:
Who wants to play tennis? (Not - who does want)
Which computer is the best? (Not - which computer does be)
Questions without question words:
We usually make a question by changing the word order in a sentence. We put the first auxiliary verb before the subject:
Sentence: We will go swimming tomorrow
Question: Will we go swimming tomorrow?
Sentence: I have been working hard
Question: Have you been working hard?
b) Answering questions
When answering a question you usually use the bare infinitive:
Where do you live? I live in London
Do you have any brothers or sisters? Yes, I have one brother
However, when the question does not require any specific information and a simple yes or no answer, we use the auxiliary verb as the answer.
Does he enjoy his job? Yes, he does
Do you play the trumpet? Yes, I do
(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonido Stop

Exercises
A) Construye una pregunta utilizando la siguiente información:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
9.
10.
7.
8.
(where / you / live?)
(how old / you?)
(you / speak / Russian?)
(they / live / in a house or a flat?)
(who / you / speaking to?)
(what / drink / in the mornings?)
(you / like / going on holiday?)
(where / you / go / last summer?)
(which / colour / he / prefer?)
(when / they / walk the dog?)

B) Pon las palabras entre paréntesis en el orden correcto para formar una pregunta.
1. (when / born / were / you)
2.
3.
(where / go / did / you / on your holiday)
(why / don't / go / to the doctors / you)
4.
5.
(who / cake / all / the / ate / chocolate)
(how / travel / to Germany / you / did)
6. (what time / wake up / do / you)

Sonido Stop
Environment
Aerosol: El aerosol
Acid rain: Las lluvias ácidas
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): El cloroflurocarburos
Destruction of the rain forests: La destrucción de las selvas tropicales
Global warming: El recalentamiento del planeta
Greenhouse effect: El efecto invernadero
Hole in the ozone layer: El agujero de ozono
Hydrocarbons: Los hidrocarburos
Polluting gases: Los gases contaminantes
Spray: El spray
Ultraviolet radiation: Las radiaciones ultravioletas
Environmental damage: El deterioro ambiental
Man's survival: La superviviencia del hombre
Natural surroundings: El entorno natural
Reduction of the quality of life: El empeoramiento de la calidad de la vida
Crude oil: El petróleo
Fuel: El combustible
Oil slick: La mancha de petróleo
Recycling: El reciclaje
Renewable resources: Los recursos renovables
The oil crisis: La crisis de petróleo

To cause irreversible damage: Causar daños irreversibles
To consume: Consumir
To conserve energy: Conservar energía
To decontaminate: Descontaminar
To exhaust: Agotar
To poison: Envenenar
To pollute/contaminate: Contaminar
To recycle: Reciclar
To reduce the damage caused to…: Reducir los daños causados a….
Sonido Stop
Welcome to London Heathrow Airport
Here is some advice for our travellers:
1. It is your responsibility to have all the right travel documents with you (passport, visa, medical & travel insurance, return ticket, etc.). Always check that you have these documents with you and that they are not out of date.
2. Your airline or tour operator will inform you on how much luggage you can take free of charge, what you can keep with you while on board the plane and what you are not allowed to pack at all. Sharp or pointed items must not be taken in any hand luggage. Remember to label your bags with luggage tags or special markings.
3. If your luggage is over-weight or too large, the extra charges can be very high.
Alternatively, the airline could insist that you leave some of your luggage behind.
4. You are allowed to carry with you on the aircraft a handbag, duty-free goods bought at the airport and usually, one item of hand luggage. Keep this as small and as light as you can - as it will have to go under the seat in front of you or in the overhead locker. When you check-in, the rest of your luggage will go into the plane's cargo hold. Do not pack in this luggage any cash, valuables, fragile or perishable items. If in doubt, ask the airline beforehand.

5. Allow plenty of time to get to the airport, especially if travelling by car. Airports can be very busy, especially at holiday and peak business travel times.
6. When you get your ticket, it should indicate the latest time for checking in. Do make sure you have this information in advance. The check-in time is the latest time for getting to the check-in desk. If you miss the check-in deadline, your place on the plane may go to someone on the waiting list. Airlines usually advise that you check in at least one and a half hours before your scheduled departure time.
When in the airport - NEVER leave your luggage unattended
7. Once you have checked your luggage in, you will get a luggage receipt. This is usually attached to your ticket stub or boarding card. Keep this receipt safe.
The
1.- You use "the" with singular nouns and when the person you are talking to knows the
thing or person you are talking about:
I spoke to the Queen yesterday (the Queen of England)I left the food in the fridge (the fridge in my house)I bought two skirts and a watch. The skirts were expensive (the skirts I bought)
Have you washed the glasses? (the glasses we have been using)
2. You use "the" when there is only one of something:
Madrid is the capital of Spain
The earth goes round the sun
3.You use "the" with a singular noun when you want to make general statement.
The book is very interesting
However, you do not use "the" with plural nouns to make a general statement 4.- We say:
The sky / The sea / The ground / The country / The environment / The cinema / The theatre
5.- We do NOT say:

The breakfast / The lunch / The dinner
Example:
What did you have for breakfast?
(Oir contestados y una vez corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonido Parar
Ejercicios
1 .- Señala en lassiguientes oraciones donde hay que utilizar los artículos"a" / "la":

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
La policía ha estado buscando for________ hombre ...
________ Señora ....
£ 10 notas.
entró ________ ...
... que se mantuvo un banco con pistola ________.
El hombre subió a ________ contrarrestar ...
... ________ y tiró la bolsa de plástico ...
... ________ en el cajero y ordenó a llenar para arriba.
... para llenar la bolsa con ________
Sin embargo, de repente la policía
... y el hombre detenido ________.
2 .- En las siguientes oraciones indica cuando es necesario poner el artículo"el".En aquellos casos que no lo indícalo mar con un guión"-".

c.
d.
a.
b.
e.
¿Ha tenido ________ desayuno todavía?
________ Cielo está muy azul hoy
Encontrará que la información en
________ parte superior de la página
Hay un poco de agua en la tetera
________
¿Cuál es el edificio más alto de
________ mundo?

Sonido Stop
Dual carriageway:
La autovía
Transport
Excessive speed: La velocidad excesiva
High-speed train: Un tren de alta velocidad
Freight transport:
Transporte de mercancías
Ministry of Transport: Ministerio de transporte
Motorway: La autopista
Safety: La seguridad
Toll road: La carretera de peaje
Weekly/monthly travel card: Abono de transportes semanal/mensual
To build new lines:
Construir nuevas líneas
To cut train services: Quitar los trenes
To improve: Mejorar
To obstruct traffic:
Obstaculizar el tráfico
To reduce fares: Reducir las tarifas
Airline: La línea aérea
Air safety: La seguridad aérea
Baggage allowance: La franquicia de equipaje
Baggage search: El registro de equipaje
Charter flight: El vuelo charter
Catastrophe:
La catástrofe

Delay: El retraso
Disaster: El siniestro
Gate five: La puerta cinco
Jet lag: El desfase
Jumbo jet: El jumbo
Luggage handler: El despachador de equipaje
Mechanical fault: El fallo mecánico
Scheduled flight: El vuelo regular
Time difference: La diferencia de horario
To check in: Facturar el equipaje
To crash: Estrellarse
To X-ray: Radiografiar
Car park: Aparcamiento
Driving licence: El permiso de conducir
Highway Code:
El Código de la circulación
Parking meter:
El parquímetro
Parking ticket/fine: La multa de aparcamiento
To be broken down: Estar averiado
To break down:
Tener una avería
To fine somebody: Ponerle una multa a alguien
To hitch-hike: Hacer autostop
To knock over: Atropellar
To overtake:

Sonido Stop
My favourite room
My house is quite large. It has four bedrooms, three bathrooms, a kitchen, a study, a living room, a dining room, a special games room and a big front and back garden.
My favourite room is my bedroom. I love it because it is the only room in my house where I can lock myself away from the rest of the world. After a long hard day, all I want to do is go up to my cosy bedroom and either listen to some mellow music, or lie down, unwind and watch a bit of T.V or maybe even a relaxing film. This room is very special to me because I have inhabited it for over fifteen years. It is a part of me. It is full of my personal possessions and it has been decorated with my fair hands.
So what does this special room look like? Well, it's quite big, but not huge. It's big enough to hold a double bed, which leans against the back wall of the room. There is a sofa bed, which leans against the left wall in the room. In front of the bed there is a dressing table with a large mirror. This is the place where I sit every morning and dry my hair and put on my make-up. Either side of the dressing table there are two wardrobes.
The wardrobe on the right is the one I use daily, the one on the left is full of disused toys, games, clothes and books. A bit messy! My television and video recorder are on a shelf above the dressing table. Also on this shelf, there is a selection of my favourite videos:
Pretty Woman, Dirty Dancing, and Austin Powers. On the left hand side of my bed, to the left of the door, there is a chest of draws and on top of the chest I have my stereo. Scattered around the room. I have photos of my friends and family. These photos bring back memories of happy times spent.
Joining Sentences & Relative Clauses
We use a relative clause when we want to add information to a sentence.
The glass - in the cupboard - is heavy
The glass that is in the cupboard is heavy
1.- "Who": we use in a relative clause when we are talking about people (NOT things).
The man who we saw yesterday is a Doctor
The people who sent us the email are American

We can also use "that" instead of "who".
The man that we saw yesterday is a Doctor
2.- "That" & "Which": we use when we are talking about things (NOT people). They are interchangeable.
I don't like sweets that (which) have soft centre
The fan that (which) was in my bedroom has broken
3.- "Whom": We use with formal writing. It is uncommon in informal writing and in conversation. We use it when we are talking about people.
The person to whom you spoke was…
The man from whom you received the letter…
Remember :
Who - people
That - people or things
Which - things
Whom - people (formal)
Defining & Non defining relative clauses
1.- Defining: identify which person or thing is meant. Notice the lack of commas.
The architect who designed this building does not live here
We couldn't find the restaurant that we were looking for
2.- Non-defining: give extra information. They are often used to join sentences and are more common in writing than in speech. "That" is not used in these sentences. Notice the use of commas.
James, who is a 26 year old man, lives in London
El Pais, which is a Spanish newspaper, sells hundred of thousands of copies daily.

(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonidos
(grammar)
Sonidos
(vocabulary)
Stop
Exercises
Grammar
A) Señala en las siguientes oraciones si hay que utilizar "who" o "which":

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
John has a friend ________ studied
The Iliad
Thank you for the money ________ you sent me for my birthday
We are catching the plane ________ leaves at 09:00
People ________ go to the gym, pay a lot of money
My Mum has read everything
________ Grayham Green wrote
B) Forma una oración uniendo las dos siguientes utilizando "who" o "which".
1. A train goes to the shopping centre. It runs every hour
2.
3.
Where are my keys? They were in my pocket
The house is big. We went to visit it
4. The firemen saved the man. He was stuck in his bedroom

Vocabulary
Escribe completa las siguientes frases utilizando una palabra derivada de la que aparece entre paréntesis.
31. My grandma is very ________
(forget)
32. He is a very ________ person (luck)
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
The homeless would be ________ to receive food (thank)
Most patients make a complete
________ in a few months (recover)
Many people look for ________ in a job (secure)
They received a ________ of furniture on Wednesday (deliver)
Mary and Paul have ________ all the time (argue)
He gained ________ by giving everyone money (popular)
The car was badly ________ in the crash (damage)

40. Michael Jackson's ________ in
Thriller are amazing (move)

Sonido Stop
Personal relationships
To be happily married: Estar felizmente casados
To be pregnant: Estar embarazada
To be in love: Estar enamorado/a
To confide in/trust one's friends: Confiar en los amigos
To evolve/work out a relationship: Evolucionar una relación
To fall in love: Enamorarse
To get divorced: Divorciarse
To get married: Casarse (con)
To get on well/badly with…:
Llevarse bien/mal con…
To give birth: Parir
To have a special relationship with…: Tener una relación especial con..
To respect other people's feelings: Respetar los sentimientos ajenos
To tolerate others: Tolerar a los demás
To support each other: Ayudarse uno a otro
To share/keep a secret: Compartir/guardar un secreto
To strike up friendships: Entablar amistades
Baby-sitter: El/la canguro
Best man: El padrino
Bridesmaid: La madrina
Infidelity: La infidelidad
Marriage break-up: La ruptura matrimonial

Marriage guidance:
La orientación matrimonial
Maternity leave: La baja de maternidad
Separation:
La separación
Wedding: La boda
Family Planning:
Planificación familiar
Birth control: El control de la natalidad
Contraception: La contracepción
Contraceptive pill:
La píldora anticonceptiva
Surrogate mother: La madre portadora
Test-tube fertilisation: La fecundación in vitro
Test-tube baby:
El niño probeta
To have an abortion: Abortar
The divorce rate: La tasa de divorcio
Senior citizens: Las personas mayores
Pensioner: El/la pensionista
Retired people: Los jubilados
To be retired: Estar jubilado/a
To do as you please:
Hacer lo que te dé la gana
To have to depend on others: Tener que depender de otros
Sonido Stop
A Guide to London - Soho & Covent Garden

In the 1960s and 70s Soho was renowned for sex clubs and prostitution. The area has since been partially cleaned up, although some of the clubs still function. Nowadays, the people who visit Soho take advantage of the main streets full of fashionable restaurants serving an immense variety of foods from all over the world.
As well as being a perfect place to dine, Soho is theatreland, with five on Shaftsbury
Avenue alone. Directly behind Shaftsbury Avenue is the world famous Chinatown - a perfect place to try both tasty and reasonably priced dishes. However, if what you are looking for is a relaxing evening, then why not head down to Leister Square where you can go to one of the four different cinemas. These cinemas have the largest screens and the biggest buckets of popcorn ever.
If when you have finished with the cinema you fancy trying some of London's nightlife then what better place to go than Leicester square. In the square itself there are a variety of places to drink and dance the night away. You can choose between typical English pubs
(*), Wine bars, Comedy clubs, Planet Hollywoods bar/restaurant, Naomi Campbell and
Kate Moss's "Fashion Café", The Hippodrome Discoteque and a favourite with foreigners,
Equinox and much much more.
Following Leicester Square across Charing Cross Road brings you to Long Acre and into
Covent Garden. In the 1970s Covent Garden was a shabby part of London, home to wholesaler's market stalls. Today, Covent Garden is a traffic free zone with a lively and bright Art and Craft market, which has surrounding it fashionable boutiques, gift shops, petite cafés, pubs and restaurants. When the sun comes out, pubs and restaurants open their terraces and make the ideal places to spend a lazy Sunday afternoon.
Walking around the piazza you will often find street performers singing or dancing. They make light and refreshing entertainment. Around the area is the recently refurbished Royal
Opera House, the London Transport Museum and St. Paul's Church.
(*) English pubs close at 11:30 Monday -Saturday and at 11:00 on Sunday
Conditional
In English, there are many different ways of making sentences with if. It is important that:
1) You understand the difference between sentences that express real possibilities, and those that express unreal situations.

2) You learn which tenses follow each conditional a) Zero Conditional
W e use the zero conditional to express a situation that is always true.
Present simple + present simple
If I read too much, I get a headache b) First Conditional
We use the first conditional to express real possibilities.
Present simple + future
If I go to the concert, I'll see Ricky Martin c) Second Conditional
We use the second conditional to express an unreal situation. The situation or condition is improbable, impossible, imaginary or contrary to known facts.
Past simple + would (conditional)
If I won the lottery I would buy a house d) Third Conditional
We use the third conditional to imagine the consequence of events that happened or began
to happen in the past.
Past Perfect + would have + past participle
If I had known, I would have gone to visit you
e) Mixed Conditional (2nd & 3rd Conditional)
The mixed conditional is a mixture between the 2nd and 3rd conditional.
If the weather had been better, we would go back next year
If I'd been born in 1980, I'd be 23 years old now. (remember: I'd been born - I'd = I had;
I'd be 23 years - I'd = I would)

(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonidos
(grammar)
Sonidos
(vocabulary)
Stop
Exercises
Grammar
A) Escribe completa las siguientes oraciones con el verbo en el tiempo correcto.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
9.
10.
7.
8.
What would happen if I ________ this web site? (close)
If I were you, I ________ that shirt, I would wait until next week (not / buy)
If you ________ to Britain, you'll be able to speak English all day long
(go)
If the weather had been better, we
________ to the beach yesterday (go)
Why ________ on holiday with us, you'll enjoy it. (not / you / come)
If you did your homework, you
________ to go to the disco (you / able)
I didn't know you were in Madrid, if
I'd known, ________ (I / call / you)
If you ________ al day, you'll get burn (sunbathe)
I'm not tired. If ________ tired, I'd go home now (I / be)
If you had been to Malta, then
________ that they speak English very well (you / know)

B) En las siguientes oraciones hay errores. Escríbelas correctamente.
1. If I go with Anna to the party, I would see your brother Paul
2.
3.
4.
If I hadn't just bought a car, I would have more money now
If you go to the beach you would see the sea
If I would known, I would have visited you
5.
6.
7.
8.
If I won the lottery I'll buy a big house with a swimming pool
We'll go to the beach unless it would rain all the time
If you need any help, please let me know
Where you would go if you can go anywhere in the world?
Vocabulary
Escribe completa las siguientes frases utilizando una palabra derivada de la que aparece entre paréntesis.

41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
I had to have some ________ made to my shoes (repair)
Jack the Ripper was a famous
________ (murder)
The ________ to the theatre is on the left (enter)
Hercule Poirot is one of Agatha
Christie's most famous ________
(detect)
Globalization is causing the
________ of the rain forest (destroy)
After a fatal incident the police always make an ________ (inquire)
________ are usually served during the interval of a play (refresh)
The food in the Chinese restaurant was absolutely ________ (disgust)
Many factory workers suffer a lot of
________ from their boss (press)
At the moment there are many foreign
________ in Madrid (visit)

Sonido Stop
Superstitions
What is a superstition?
Superstition, a belief or practice generally regarded as irrational and as resulting from ignorance or from fear of the unknown. It implies a belief in unseen and unknown forces that can be influenced by objects and rituals. Magic or Sorcery, witchcraft, and the occult in general are often referred to as superstitions. Examples of common superstitions include the belief that bad luck will strike the person in front of whom a black cat passes or that some tragedy will befall a person who walks under a ladder.
But where do these superstitions come from?
If you see a black cat, you'll have bad luck - In ancient Egypt, the Goddess Bast, was a black female cat. Christian priests wanted to wipe out all traces of other religions so convinced their ignorant followers to destroy the evil demons that were black cats.
If you walk under a ladder, you'll get bad luck - This came from the early Christian belief that a leaning ladder formed a triangle with the wall and ground. According to the Holy
Trinity you must never walk through a triangle, unless you want to be considered in league with the devil.
If you spill some salt, throw it over your left shoulder to keep bad luck away - In the middle ages salt was a very precious expensive commodity. It was also used for medicinal purposes. If you spill salt you must immediately throw it over your left shoulder to strike the horrible spirits in the eye, thus preventing sickness.
Take care on Friday the Thirteen - Those who know about these things, inform us that
Adam and Eve were expelled from the Garden of Eden on a Friday. Noah's flood started on a Friday, and Christ was crucified on a Friday. Christians also noted that twelve witches and one devil are present at Santanic ceremonies so Friday and 13 make a deadly combination
Conjunctions a) Although
Although + subject + verb

Although I wanted to go New York, I couldn't go because the flights were too expensive b) In spite of / Despite
We use "in spite of" / "despite" in a sentence which starts off negative and which has a positive ending.
In spite of (Despite) + noun / pronoun + ing
In spite of what I did yesterday, I still had a good time
Despite the bad weather, I still went out
In spite of having no money, I still managed to buy c) In case
We use "in case" to say why somebody does or doesn't do something. You do something now in case something happens later.
In case + subject + verb
You can not use the simple future tense after "in case".
My brother might call tonight. I don't want to leave my house in case he phones d) Unless
Unless + subject + verb
1. We use "unless" as a synonym of "except if" / "only if"
You can not go to the party unless you have an invitation
2. We can use "unless" as a warning:
We will miss the train unless we hurry (except if we hurry) e) As long as / So long as / Provided (that) / Providing (that)
1. We use these conjunctions as a synonym of "if" or "on condition that".
2. We do not use the future simple tense (will) after these conjunctions.
As long as / So long as / Provided (that) / Providing (that) + subject + verb

You can borrow my shoes as long as / so long as you don't walk in the rain with them on
You can use my computer provided that / providing that you don't use the internet
(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonidos
(grammar)
Sonidos (use of
English)
Stop
Exercises
A) Elige una de estas conjunciones para completar las siguientes oraciones: although / in spite of / because / because of

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
________ we arrived late, we had a good time
I couldn't go to the bank ________ I had a lot of things to do
The plane was delayed ________ the strike
I didn't get the job ________ having the necessary skills
I got to work on time ________ there was a lot of traffic
B) Une las siguientes oraciones utilizando la conjunción "in case".
1.
2.
I sent a birthday card to Maria but she didn't reply. So I sent her a text message because I thought that perhaps she hadn't received the card
Robert thought that his phone was going to run out of battery. So he took his phone charger with him
3. I thought that the party was going to be cancelled because of the rain. So I rang Peter to check
C) Escribe nuevamente las siguientes oraciones utilizando la conjunción "unless".

1.
2.
3.
I'm only going to swimming practice if you go
The doctor will see you today only if it's an emergency
You can use my car if you drive carefully
D) Completa las siguientes oraciones utilizando alguna de las siguientes opciones:
- "... they don't cry!"
- "... that it is cooked in vegetable oil"
- "... she has enough time after she finishes work"
1. I like Chinese food unless...
2. I like Chinese food provided...
3.
4.
Katie goes to the gym everyday as long as...
I don't mind looking after children as long as...
Use of English

Elige una palabra de la lista para completar el siguiente relato: strange / chimpanzee / shopping / shopper / under / Bizarre / looked / face / normal
1. The ________ world of Michael
Jackson looked even wackier yesterday...
2. ... when he went ________ in a furry monkey mask.
3.
4.
Michael Jackson seemed more like something from Planet of The Apes than a pop superstar. The eccentric singer - who regularly covers his
________ in public - donned the grotesque mask on a surprise visit to a south Florida shopping mall.
One ________ said:
5.
6.
7.
8.
"He ________ like an extra from The
Planet Of The Apes - I don't mean the high-tech remake, I mean the
Charlton Heston original.
The ________ thing was that he just acted...
... as though it was perfectly
________ to go out shopping...
... looking like a ________.

9. Still, what's ________ the mask isn't that pretty either."

Sonido Stop
Useful phrases & Conjunctions
First: Para comenzar
Next: A continuación
Finally: Como colofón
As a result (of): Como resultado (de)
Besides: Además
Consequently: Por consecuencia
Given that: Dado que
However: Sin embargo
In any case: De todos modos
In fact: De hecho
In this context: En este contexto
In other words: Dicho de otro modo
In Principle: En principio
In spite of: A pesar de
Instead of: En lugar de
It's certain that…: Es cierto que…
Moreover: Es más
Nevertheless: Sin embargo
Nowadays: Hoy en día
Of course: Por supuesto

Owing/due to: Debido a
That is to say: Es decir
Therefore: Por lo tanto
Unfortunately: Desgraciadamente
Whereas: Mientras que
A worrying situation: Una situación inquietante
It is often said that: Se suele afirmar que
It's worth considering…: Vale considerar…
The key to the problem: La clave del problema
The main worry: La preocupación predominante
The obvious solution: La solución obvia
There is no denying that…: No se puede negar que…
There is no room for doubt that..: No cabe duda de que
You have to bear in mind (that): Hay que tener en cuenta (que)
From my point of view: Desde mi punto de vista
I think that: Pienso que
In my opinion: A mi parecer
My personal opinion is that: Mi opinión personal es que
It is my belief that: Es mi creencia que..
To be honest: Para ser sincero/a
In conclusion: En conclusión / para concluir
In brief/to sum up: En resumen

Sonido Stop
Conversation
Manuel: Hi Kara?
Kara: Yes.
Manuel: Hi it's Manuel. I was wondering, could you direct me to the university library?
Kara: Yes of course. Where are you coming from and how are you going to get there?
Manuel: I am going to go by car from my house.
Kara: Ok. Let me think….ok, turn right out of your house and when you get to the Tjunction at the end of the road, bear left on to the A1M. Keep on that road for 5 miles. Once you have gone over the bridge, take the 2nd turning on your right.
Manuel: That's the road where the Chinese restaurant is, isn't it?
Kara: Yes, that's right. Anyway, continue up the road for about another mile and when you get to the roundabout take the 2nd exit.
Manuel: The exit towards Hatfield?
Kara: Yes. Then I suggest that you park your car and walk, as the library is the 1st oneway street on the left. It's signposted.
Manuel: Thank you, you have been very helpful.
Kara: That's ok, see you later.
Manuel: Bye
Prepositions a) At / on / in (Time)
We use:
At Time

On Days & Dates
In Months, years & seasons
Examples:
I start school at five o'clock (time)
I go to the tennis club on Fridays (days)
My birthday is on the 13th of August (dates)
I usually go on holiday in August (months)
I was born in 1980 (years)
In Summer, I like going swimming (seasons)
Expressions with "at":
At night / At the weekend / At Christmas / At the same time / At the moment
Expressions with "in":
In the morning (s) / In the afternoon (s) / In the evening (s) / In a few minutes / In six months
We do not use "at / on / in" before "last / next / this / every":
We'll see you next Friday
I went on holiday last summer b) In / at & on (place)
We use:
In
-
A country
Geographic region
A city, town or village
At
-
A specific place
An exact address
Public places
A road or street
Inside a room, building, place
Shops or workplaces
Social events
Building
On
Surfaces
Buildings

Examples:
In Spain the people speak Castilian (country)
We took these photos in the mountains (geographical region)
I used to live in London (city)
Selfridges is in Oxford Street (street)
It is very hot in the living room (room)
I was at my friend's house (specific place)
I live at 32 Bradgate, Cuffley, Herts (address)
We'll meet at the station (public place)
James is at the supermarket (shops)
They were at the theatre yesterday (social event)
Does this train stop at Paddington? (place)
Last night I ate at a restaurant (building)
I am lying on an island (surface)
The fly is on the ceiling (surface)
I am sitting on the floor (surface)
Expressions with "in":
In a line / in a queue / in a street / In a picture / In the world / in the sky / In a book / In a letter / In a car (taxi)
I was waiting in the queue for two hours
I read it in a book
I got in the car
Expressions with "on":

On the right (left) / On the first (second, etc.) floor / On the menu / On the coast / On a bus (train, plane, ship, bicycle, horse)
My house is the first on the left and I live on the third floor
I got on the bus
Expressions with "at":
At home (work, school, university, college) / At somebody's house / At the station
(airport) / At sea
We were at sea for 3 months
(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonido Stop
Exercises
A) Elige entre estas preposiciones para completar las siguientes oraciones: at / on / in

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
9.
10.
7.
8.
School starts at 08:30am and finishes
________ 15:30.
I'll see you ________ Friday
The party will be held ________ 13th
August
Normally, I go horse riding ________ spring
My mum is waiting to have her hair done. She will be ready ________ two hours
She goes swimming ________ the afternoon
We both did our clarinet exams
________ the same time
They usually go out for dinner
________ at the weekend
I might not be home on Monday morning but I'll be there ________ the afternoon
________ Christmas Eve everybody usually goes out to parties

B) Elige entre estas preposiciones para completar las siguientes oraciones: at / on / in
1.
2.
3.
Silvia was wearing a ring ________ her middle finger
My brother lives in a small town
________ the South - East of England
Write your name ________ the dotted line
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
London is ________ the river Thames
His apartment is on the first floor
________ the right
My bed is ________ the corner of my room
In England we drive ________ the left-hand side
When I go to the theatre, I love sitting
________ the last row
The bus was very slow. It stopped
________ every stop
We live in an old house ________ the end of a quiet street in Manchester

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Louise works in a shop ________
High street Kensington
Are there any fish ________ this river?
There is a small room ________ the back of the house
I'm a student ________ King's
College University in London
We stayed ________ a very nice hotel in York
She got ________ her horse and rode away
The film started at eight o'clock
________ the Odeon Cinema
She was waiting for me ________ home
I got ________ bed and turned off the light
I was in a rush and so I jumped
________ a tax

Sonido Parar
Guerra y Paz
Para atacar a: Atacar
Para estar en guerra: Estar en Guerra
Para superar: Vencer
Para declarar la guerra: Declarar la Guerra
Para derrotar a: Derrotar
De defender: Defender
Al fuego: Disparar
Para ir a la guerra: Emprender la Guerra
A invadir: Invadir
Para provocar una crisis: Provocar una crisis
Para ganar: Ganar
A la herida: Lesionar
Aliado: El aliado
Ataque: Atacar
Las armas químicas: Las armas quómicas
Guerra química: La Guerra química
Invasión: La invasión
Ministerio de Defensa: El Ministerio de Defensa
Cruz Roja: La Cruz Roja
Fosa de la guerra: La Guerra de trinchera

Fuerza Aérea: Las fuerzas aéreas
Ejército: El ejército
Marina: La armada
Almirante: El almirante
Bomba: La bomba
El servicio militar: El servicio militar
Buque de guerra: El buque de Guerra
Contratar: El recluta
Tanque: El Tanque
Tropas: Las tropas
Voluntariado: El voluntario
Para disuadir a: Disuadir
Para mantener la paz: Mantener la paz
Para hacer la paz: Hacer las pasos
Para firmar un tratado: Firmar un tratado
Alto el fuego: El alto de fuego
En tiempos de paz: En tiempo de paz
Paz de demostración: Una manifestación pacifista
Mantenimiento de la paz: El pacificador
Sonido Stop
Morocco

Morocco is one of the African countries with the greatest range of landscapes and natural beauties. A traveller can get lost between the thin and labyrinth type streets, have a tea whilst contemplating the way, visit its ancient roman remains, and enjoy excursions to remote mountain areas and small towns around a hundred years old.
Useful Information:
1.- In the North East of Africa, its coasts expand to more than 3.400km, surrounded by the
Atlantic Ocean in the East and the Mediterranean Sea in the North.
2.- In autumn and winter, the time is exactly the same as BMT. In spring and Summer 1 hour less than BMT.
3.- The official language is Arabic. French is also widely used throughout the country.
4.- The official currency is the Moroccan Dirham which is divided into 100 cents. Money can be converted in Hotels, banks, bureau de change, airports and travel agents. Durham's cannot be taken out of the country.
5.- Moderate temperatures throughout the year. From July until September, high temperatures in the inside zone and during the day. In the evening the temperatures decrease considerably. In winter, snowfalls can be from 1.600 metres.
6.- The art of "haggling" is a costume in the markets. Arts and Crafts are typical and extremely popular. Rugs, leather goods, copper gold, silver, etc.
Compound prepositions
A compound preposition is a word followed by a preposition. This preposition never changes. It is advisable to learn these words. Here is a list:
According to
Apart from
As for

As regards of
By means of
Due to
Except for
Instead of
On behalf of
Owing to A
In English, there are many verbs that are followed by determined prepositions. It is essential to learn these prepositions. Here is a list:
Sonido Stop
To admire somebody for something
To agree with somebody
To apologise for doing something
To argue with somebody
To believe in something / somebody
To blame somebody for something
To borrow something from somebody
To be capable of doing something
To congratulate somebody for doing something
To convince somebody to do something
To deal with something
To depend on something/somebody
To be engaged to somebody

To be married to somebody
To forgive somebody for something
To exchange something for something
To insist on doing something
To interfere with something
To introduce somebody to somebody
To be involved in something
To be interested in something
To have confidence in somebody
To be longing for something
To quarrel with somebody
To remind somebody of somebody
To rely on somebody
To provide somebody with something
To succeed in doing something
To revise for something
To share something with somebody
To be stolen from somewhere
To pay for something
To be suffering from something
To thank somebody for something
To be tired of something
To work for somebody / company

To resign from something
(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonidos
(grammar A)
Sonidos
(grammar B)
Stop
Exercises
A) Elige una de las siguientes preposiciones compuestas para completar estas oraciones: according to / as for / as regards of / by means of / due to / except for / instead of / on behalf of / owing to

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I love all animals ________ dogs
________ Nigel, 'money doesn't grow on trees'
I think I am going to go to the swimming pool ________ going to the shops
________ Louise, everybody liked the museum
I am raising money ________ The
Cancer Research Charity
B) Elige una de las siguientes preposiciones para completar estas oraciones: about / for / from / in / of / on / with
1.
2.
3.
4.
Anna doesn't believe ________ ghosts
Maria forgave Susana ________ putting sugar in her tea
They went to the shop to exchange the jumper ________ a larger size
On the first day of university, Agnes was introduced ________ a lot of people

9.
10.
11.
7.
8.
12.
13.
14.
15.
5.
6.
Last night somebody stole my purse
________ the bar on the High Street
The man tried to convince me
________ the advantages of buying a lorry
I agree ________ you that I need to cut my hair
I blamed the man in the shop
________ losing my washing
Lee is not very well, he is suffering
________ a very bad cold
I can't believe it, Sarah is married
________ Paul
The teacher didn't think that the boys were capable ________ doing their maths homework
My grandparents rely heavily
________ my Mum
In the middle of the party, Jo quarrelled ________ his girlfriend
Mrs Mendez interferes ________ everything
Last week, the president of Real
Madrid resigned ________ his job

Sonido Stop
Adjectives
Curly: Rizado
Fit/healthy: Sano
Red-haired: Pelirrojo
Sporty: Deportivo
Straight: Lacio
Sturdy: Robusto
Affectionate:
Cariñoso
Confident: Seguro de uno mismo
Dependable: Serio, formal
Glamerous: Glamoroso
Generous: Generoso
Honest: Honrado
Inconsiderate: Poco considerado
Jealous: Celoso
Kind: Amable
Lazy: Perezoso
Naughty: Travieso

Sonido Stop
Narrow-minded: Estrecho de mente, cerrado
Nice: Simpático
Odd/strange: Raro
Pleasant: Agradable
Selfish: Egoista
Sophisticated: Sofisticado
Stubborn: Terco
Trustworthy: Fiable
Unbearable: Insorportable
Amazing: Asombroso
Impressive: Impresionante
Ancient: Ancestral, antiguo
Modern: Moderno
Disgusting: Asqueroso
Terrible: Terrible
Square: Cuadrado
Oval: Ovalado
Round: Redondo
Wooden: De madera
Plastic:
De plástico

How to prepare for an Interview
An interview can be a nerve-racking experience if you are not prepared. Therefore, before you go to an interview, take the time to think about what questions might arise and how you would answer them.
These types of questions are bound to come up and so be prepared!
1. Why are you leaving your current job? Try not to criticize your present job or employer.
If you feel bored or unhappy in your job, simply say that you don't think that you are making full use of your true abilities and that you need a job that demands more from you.
2. Why do you want to work for our company? This is your chance to show the interviewer that you know something about her/his company. Emphasize how your past experience can be useful in this job.
3. What can you offer our company? Point out your strengths and how using them would benefit the company.
An interview gives you the opportunity to show off your past experience and your abilities; to show the interviewer the type of person you are and why you are interested in working in her/his company.
What NOT to do in an interview:
- Never chew gum.
- Never interrupt the interviewer in the middle of a sentence.
- Never ask the interviewer personal questions.
- Never answer your mobile phone.
- Make sure it is switched off BEFORE you enter!
- Don't give "yes" or "no" answers.
- Try not to lie.
What to do:
- Sit up straight.
- Look the interviewer in the eyes.
- Give straight but detailed answers.

- Be honest.
- Be positive.
- At the end, ask 2 or 3 questions concerning the job.
- Relax and be yourself.
Sin embargo, aún y ya a)Aún
Usamos"todavía"por algo pasa más tiempo de lo esperado. La situación no se ha detenido.
Se trata de las cinco de la mañana y Paul esaún de trabajo
¿Ustedaún Quieres ir de vacaciones?
1 .- Si el verbo tiene una parte (por ejemplo, dice, hace, cayó, etc), el adverbio"aún" por
lo general va antes del verbo.
Iaún ver 'Vecinos'
Ellosaún ir a la escuela
2 .- Si el verbo tiene dos o más partes (por ejemplo, estoy corriendo, fueron viendo la televisión, etc), el adverbio"todavía" va después de la primera verbo.
Yo soyaún comer mi cena
Estamosaún ir al cine esta noche
3.-Si la sentencia es negativa, "todavía" va antes de la negativa.
Dejé de fumar, pero mis amigosaún no han dado hasta
4 .- Si quieres expresar sorpresa, "todavía" puede ir después de la negativa.
Usted noaún como él, ¿verdad?
b) Sin embargo,

Usamos"todavía" para expresar"hasta ahora".
Usamos"todavía" paraalgo que se espera.
¿Ha respondido a la cartatodavía?
1 .- Por lo general, el uso"todavía" con elpresente perfecto.
No he comido mi desayunotodavía
¿Has estado en Londrestodavía?
2 .- "Sin embargo" va en elfinal de una pregunta o una declaración negativa.
No he lavado mi cochetodavía
¿Has visto a tu mamátodavía?
3 .- Se puede usar"todavía" en elmedio de una frase, Esto es un pocoformal.
No hemostodavía llegado a una decisión sobre el tema c) Ya
Usamos"ya" paraalgo pasa más pronto de lo esperado.
Iya saben hablar francés
1 .- Si el verbo tiene una parte ", ya" va antes del verbo.
Ellaya sabe cocinar
2 .- Si el verbo tiene dos partes, "ya" va después de la primera verbo.
Heya recibido los resultados de mi examen
3 .- "Ya", al final de una frase tiene más importancia.
¿Has escrito la cartaya? (Me sorprende que lo han hecho en tan poco tiempo)
4 .- Usted no puede usar "ya" con una frase negativa.

(Oir contestados y una vez corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonidos(gramática)
Sonidos(uso de
Inglés)
Parar
Ejercicios
Gramática
Elige uno de los siguientesadverbiospara completar estas oraciones: aún / todavía / ya

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Uso del Inglés
No han decidido qué coche de alquiler ________
Anoche, cuando llegué a casa mi mamá se despierta ________
________ Los niños saben dónde van de vacaciones
Cuando llegué había abandonado el edificio ________
Ha ________. Preguntó si su tío le prestarán dinero
David perdió su trabajo el año pasado y que es ________ desempleados
Tengo hambre. ________ Es la cena preparada?
Solíamos vivir en Hollywood y
________ tienen un montón de amigos
No he terminado de leer el documento, estoy leyendo ________
¿Has visto la nueva película de Harry
Potter ________?

Elige una de las siguientespreposiciones para completar esta narración acerca de Hyde
Park: vivido / conciertos / famosas / lugar / parque / río / lugar / famosas / desde / a lo largo de
1.
2.
3.
4.
Abierta al público ________ 1637.
El tamaño de Hyde Park, por no hablar de su prettiness, Londres hace que sea más ________ parque.
________ En el remo ...
... ________ patinar y sus muchos caminos son divertidos.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Palacio de Kensington (donde la princesa Di ________) ...
... se encuentra en el interior de la
________ y magníficos jardines.
El parque también ha sido un popular
________ para las grandes reuniones
...
... y ________.
The Rolling Stones jugado allí en 69 y es Parte en ________ El Parque ...
... ________ toma cada verano.

Sonido Stop
Work
A job: Un puesto de trabajo
Advertisement: Un anuncio
Employment agency: Una agencia de colocaciones
Government job centre: Centro oficial de empleo (El INEM)
Interview: La entrevista
Training:
La formación
To aim high: Apuntar alto
To be ambitious: Ser ambicioso
To be suitable for the job: Ser apto para el trabajo
To interview well: Entrevistarse bien
To negotiate: Negociar
To plan one's future: Planificar su futuro
To reply to an advert: Responder a un anuncio
Civil servant: El funcionario
Employee: El empleado
Firm/company: La empresa
Manager/boss: El empresario
Worker: El trabajador
Flexi-time: El trabajo a tiempo flexible
Full-time work: El trabajo a tiempo completo

Part-time: El trabajo a tiempo parcial
Shift work: El trabajo por turnos
To be self-employed:
Ser trabajador autónomo
To go on strike: Ir a la huelga
To earn: Ganar
To work overtime: Trabajar horas extras
Competition: La competencia
Minimum wage:
El salario mínimo
Profitability: La rentabilidad
Productivity: La productividad
Safety regulations: Las normas de seguridad
Salary: El sueldo
Trade Union: El sindicato
Trade unionist: El sindicalista
Dole: El subsidio de paro
Unemployment: El paro
To be unemployed: Estar desempleado
To lay off: Despedir temporalmente
To retire: Jubilarse
To sack/fire/dismiss: Despedir
Sonido Stop

A problem shared………is a problem halved
So why not write to me? Send your letters to Mary @ Hot tips magazine, PO BOX 2398,
London.
I am so bored of exercising
I go running everyday for an hour after work. I like to keep fit as I am a little overweight and would like to loose a few extra pounds before summer, to get into my swimsuit! At first,
I loved running, but now I find it terribly monotonous. I dread it everyday. How can I liven it up?
(Susana, 30 years old, Brighton)
If you really want to enjoy yourself, try doing a team sport instead of going running.
Netball, tennis and hockey are interactive. However, if you really want to carry on running, then try doing different routes. Try to go running in the park, in the woods, around the roads. After all, "variety is the spice of life"!
Sonido Stop
Nightmares keep me from sleeping
For the last four months I have been having terrible dreams. I go to sleep at 11 o'clock and then around 2 o'clock in the morning I start dreaming absolutely terrible things. I dreamt that my mum was kidnapped, that I was shot in the leg, that I was trapped in a fire and many other nasty things. I always wake up in the middle of my nightmare, boiling hot and covered in sweat. After that I cannot go back to sleep for fear of dreaming something similar. What should I do? My sleepless nights are beginning to affect my work and also my social life. Help me, please.
(Sarah-26 years old, London)
There could be two possible causes for your lack of sleep, either there is something that has been upsetting you emotionally for the last four-six months, e.g. that you are not content with your job or your private life or that you are eating too late or watching the wrong type of T.V programmes before you go to bed. What I suggest is that you take some time to work out the things that you are not happy with in your life at the moment. Then, decide if any of these reasons are serious enough to make you not sleep. Try to avoid eating late and watch light-hearted programmes before going to bed. If the problem continues I suggest you go and see your local G.P.
Sonido Stop
School or modelling?
I am 17 years old and am studying French, German and Spanish at school. For the past two years I have been working at the weekends for a modelling agency. Last week they told

me that the perfect opportunity had come up for me to do modelling as a career, as "Elle-
Paris" were looking for new young models to start their careers with them. My agency told me that I would have to leave school immediately to go to modelling school. What do I do?
Please advice me.
(Lauren - 17 years old - Edinburgh)
Phrasal Verbs
In English, there are hundreds of verbs that consist of more than one word. These verbs are:
verb + preposition (on / in / off / etc.)
These are called phrasal verbs.
A phrasal verb does not have the same meaning as a normal verb.
Here is a list of the most common phrasal verbs. It is very important that you learn these verbs as they are the key to a good First Certificate grade:
To answer back: Reponder
To apply for: Solicitar
To apologise for: Disculparse por algo
To apologise to: Disculparse a alguien
To ask in: Invitar
To believe in: Creer en
To bump into: Chocar con / encontrarse con alguien
To break down: Romperse / averiarse
To break into: Entrar a robar
To break up: Partir / romper
To call back: Volver a llamar

To call for: Pedir / venir a recoger
To care about: Preocuparse por
To catch out: Pillar alguien cuando miente
To close down: Cerrar definitivamente
To come back: Volver
To come off: Desprenderse de / Tener éxito
To concentrate on: Concentrarse en
To count on: Contar con
To count out (money): Contar dinero
To cross out: Tachar
To depend on: Depender de
To die of: Morir de
To divide into: Dividir entre
To drop out: Derramar
To fill in: Rellenar
To fill up: Llenar (deposito)
To find out: Averiguar
To get across: Lograr comunicar
To get by: Defenderse
To get off: Bajar / se
To get on: Llevarse bien con alguien / subirse a
To get out: Salir / Bajar de algo
To get up: Levantarse

To give away: Regalar / dar
To give back: Devolver algo a su dueño u origen
To give out: Distribuir / repartir
To give up: Dejar de hacer algo
To glance at: Echar una mirada
To go off: Caducar / pasarse
To go on: Continuar
To go away: Marcharse / irse alguna parte
To go with: Acompañar a / ir con
To grow up: Crecer
To hand in: Entregar en un sitio algo
To hand over: Dar personalmente algo a alguien
To hang on: Esperar
To hang up: Colgar
To hold on: Esperar / mantener en espera
To insist on: Insistir en
To invite in: Invitar a
To keep on: Mantener / seguir haciendo algo
To keep up: Llevar el ritmo de alguien
To knock over: Volcar / atropellar
To listen to: Escuchar
To look after: Cuidar de
To look for: Buscar algo

To look into: Investigar
To look out: Tener cuidado / prestar atención
To look up: Buscar (diccionario)
To make for: Dirigirse a / Encaminarse a
To make up: Hacer las paces
To meet up: Quedar / reunirse con
To pass away: Pasar a mejor vida
To play around: Dar rodeos / tontear
To point out: Señalar / destacar
To put away: Ordenar
To put down: Soltar algo / ponerlo en el suelo
To rub out: Borrar
To run into: Chocar con / tropezar con
To run over: Atropellar
To see off: Despedirse de
To show round: Enseñar algo
To show off: Hacer gala de / presumir de algo
To sort out: Arreglar / solucionar un problema
To specialise in: Especializarse en
To stand by: Contar con
To stand for: Representar / dar la cara por alguien
To stay up: No acostarse
To succeed in: Triunfar

To suffer from: Padecer de / sufrir
To talk about: Hablar sobre algo
To talk to: Hablar con alguien
To take after: Parecerse a
To take in: Recoger
To take off: Quitarse
To take on: Aceptar
To take out: Llevar fuera / extraer
To take over: Encargarse de / apoderarse de / adelantar
To take up: Empezar con una actividad
To tear up: Romper
To tell apart: Distinguir
To throw away: Tirar (basura)
To try on: Probar
To try out: Intentar / dar una oportunidad
To turn down: Rechazar
To turn off: Apagar
To turn on: Encender
To turn out: Resultarse
To turn up: Aparecer
To turn round: Darse la vuelta
To wait for: Esperar
To wake up: Despertarse

To watch out: Tener cuidado
To write out: Escribir
Sometimes a phrasal verb is followed by a preposition:
To come round (faint): Volver en si
To come up against: Encontrarse con (problemas / situaciones)
To cut down on: Hacer recortes
To do away with: Acabar con / eliminar
To get on with: Llevarse bien con alguien
To get out of: Salir de un coche / lugar / problema
To get round to: Encontrar tiempo para hacer algo
To go out with: Salir con alguien
To keep up with: Seguir el ritmo de alguien
To look forward to: Tener ganas de hacer algo
To look up to: Admirar
To put up with: Aguantar
To run away from: Huir de algo
To run out of: Quedarse sin algo / salir corriendo
To stand up for: Dar la cara por alguien
(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonido Stop

Exercises
Use of English
Ordena las palabras entre paréntesis para formar una oración con el mismo significado que el de las siguientes:

0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I haven't enjoyed myself so much for years (much / it's / I / enjoyed / since / years / myself / so)
The trains couldn't run because of the snow (stopped / the / running / the / from / snow / trains)
I didn't arrive in time to see her
(enough / I / wasn't / to / her / early / see)
The photocopier was so expensive that I didn't buy it (was / expensive / the / too / to / photocopier / buy)
She didn't hurry so she missed the train (she / didn't / as / hurry / the / train / she / missed)
The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor (she / send / for / a / doctor / will / die / unless / today / you)
We would prefer you to pay us today
(pay / today / we'd / us / rather / you)
You must see the manager tomorrow morning (see / morning / got / you've / the / tomorrow / to / manager)
Nobody can deny that she has a beautiful voice (denied / voice / can't / be / that / has / a / it / she /beautiful)

9. A bus leaves at ten o'clock every morning (ten / that / leaves / morning
/ a / o'clock / every / is / there / at
/bus)

Sonido Stop
People
Happiness: La felicidad
Mood/frame of mind: El estado de ánimo
Tolerance: La tolerancia
Virtue: La virtud
Quality: La cualidad
To act instinctively: Actuar por instinto
To be a perfectionist: Ser perfeccionista
To be clever: Ser listo/a
To be demanding: Ser exigente
To be happy: Ser alegre
To be honest: Ser honrado/a
To be friendly: Ser amistoso/a
To be funny: Ser chistoso/a
To be imaginative: Ser imaginativo/a
To be kind/generous: Ser bondadoso/a
To be persistent: Ser persistente
To be ready: Estar listo/a
To be sensitive: Ser sensible
To be sincere: Ser sincero/a
To keep calm: Conservar la calma
To have a sense of humour: Tener el sentido del humor

To have the gift of…:
Tener el don de...
To get on with people: Relacionarse con la gente
To take life as it comes: Tomarse la vida como viene
To think before acting: Reflexionar antes de actuar
Defect : El defecto
Hate: El odio
Phobia: La fobía
To be a gossip: Ser chismoso/a
To be argumentative: Ser conflictivo/a
To be bad tempered: Tener mal genio
To be dishonest: No ser honrado/a
To be envious: Ser envidioso/a
To be obsessed with…: Obsesionarse por…
To be selfish: Ser egoísta
To get irritable: Volverse irritable
To have a dim view of: Ver con malos ojos
Sonido Stop
Soap Guide for week beginning 7th January
Brookside(Channel 4) A double episode of the Liverpool-based soap. Nikki is devastated by Jimmy's decision and Jerome suffers the consequences of his actions. Is Jimmy about to have a nervous breakdown?
Coronation Street (ITV1) Richard sets a trap for Audrey. Peter holds a surprise party for
Viv. Kevin asks Sally to marry him. Will she accept? Roy turns down the chance of a trip to
Greece with the historical society.

Eastenders (BBC 1) A perfect day turns into a nightmare as Sonia is forced to give up her baby. There are no shocks for Sharon as the week's events reach a tragic and explosive end. Ian grieves for the death of Cindy.
Emmerdale (ITV1) The press threaten to reveal Gloria's past. Pollard regrets experimenting with politics and Edna is shocked to discover the new identity of her new neighbour.
Friends (Channel 4) Phoebe gets her pregnancy test results. Joey finds it difficult to hide a secret. Rachel and Ross have a big argument, that causes chaos in the house.
Holby City (BBC1) Ed receives the news that his father has collapsed in prison. Kath is devastated to discover Terry has just a few months to live, but refuses to abandon their plans.
Hollyoaks (Channel 4) Anna must make a difficult decision about her and Charlie's future.
Debbie tries to help improve Dan's love life. Matt fears his relationship with Chloe is moving too fast.
Home and Away (Channel 5) In Summer Bay love is in the air. Sally and her new boyfriend are organizing a romantic trip to Paris, but can they afford it? Wil has bought a surprise present for Danny and is thinking about how to give it to her. The year nine boys organize an end of year dance party.
Neighbours (BBC1) Michelle applies for a job working as a hairdresser. Conor composes a rock song for Nina. Harold tries to cope with living alone without the boys. Stuart reveals his feelings for Abby, how will she reac
(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonidos (Ex. B / C
/ D)
Sonidos (use of
English)
Stop
Exercises
Grammar
A) Escribe en el recuadro una de las siguientes phrasal verbs (en infinitivo) con la que completar estas oraciones:

break down / take off / apply for / take after

1.
2.
3.
4.
I look like my father but my brother
________ ________ my mother
When Jan entered the room she
________ her cardigan ________
The police got into the bank by
________ the door ________
Yesterday I ________ ________ a secretarial job
B) Escribe una preposición con la que completar las siguientes oraciones.
1. The music isn't loud enough. Will you turn it ________ , please?
2.
3.
I want to make sure that these shoes fit. Can I try them ________ ,please?
My car has broken ________ and I can't use it until Monday
4.
5.
My grandfather died ________ a heart attack
At school, I am concentrating
________ my English grammar

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Yesterday I was walking down the street and I bumped ________ my old friend, Sarah
If you don't understand the word look it ________ in the dictionary
When you finish with the computer, can you please turn it ________
Paul and Peter are twins. It is extremely difficult to tell them
________
Tomorrow I am going to give
________ smoking
C) Escribe en el recuadro una de las siguientes phrasal verbs (en el tiempo verbal correspondiente) con la que completar estas oraciones: give back / cross out / turn round / run away from / look forward to / grow up / find out / keep on / hand over / knock over
1. Yesterday a man driving a BMW
________ a 5 year old boy
2.
3.
Paul is really ________ going to the
Madonna concert
The teacher ________ everything I had written incorrectly

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
I'm trying to ________ whose mobile telephone this is
When I was a child one day I
________ home because I had had an argument with my mum
Finally, after two months Claire
________ me ________ my favourite jumper
It's hard to succeed but we must
________ trying
Peter's parents ________ in Greece, but they moved to London when they were teenagers
The man demanded that the cashier
________ the money
When I shouted her name, she
________
Use of English
Escribe las siguientes oraciones conmpletándolas con las palabras entre paréntesis.
1.
2.
I ________ very pleased to receive the ________ ________ you
________ me (parcel / sent / that / was)
What a good ________ to send me a
________ of different kinds of sweets
________ your ________ (from / idea
/ selection / country)

5.
6.
3.
4.
7.
8.
I enjoyed ________ ________
________ much, so ________ my family! (did / very / eating / them)
It is not ________ to buy ________ things in England, ________ perhaps
________ London (possible / in / except / these)
You said in ________ letter that you
________ like me to send you a
________ with English ________
(food / parcel / your / would)
I ________ just ________ one to
________ (posted / you / have)
It ________ arrive the ________ time as this letter as I have ________ it
________ sea-mail (same / won't / by
/sent)
In the ________ there is some information ________ ________ to prepare and ________ the food
(about / eat / how / parcel)

Sonido Stop
Visual Arts
Design: El diseño
Drawing: El dibujo
Exhibition:
La exposición
Fine arts museum: El museo de bellas artes
Gallery:
La galería
Masterwork: La obra maestra
Painting: La pintura
Picture: El cuadro
Portrait: El retrato
Sculpture: La escultura
Still life: El bodegón
Auction: La subasta
To bid: Pujar
To design: Diseñar
To draw: Dibujar
To paint: Pintar
To sculpt: Esculpir
To symbolize: Simbolizar
To represent: Representar
Actor/actress: El actor / la actriz
Comedy: La comedia

Director: El director/la directora
Failure/flop: El fracaso
Interpretation/performance:
La interpretación
Make-up: El maquillaje
Opening night/first production: El estreno
Role: El rol / el papel
Season: Temporada
Serial/series: La serie
Spotlight: El foco
Subtitles: Los subtítulos
Tragedy: La tragedia
To criticise: Criticar
To dub: Doblar
To enjoy the cinema: Gozar del cine
To fail/flop: Fracasar
To make people laugh:
Hacer reír
To play a role: Desempeñar un papel
To put on for the first time: Estrenar
To shoot a film: Rodar una película
To subtitle:
Sonido Stop

China: The War at Home
Hardly had the war in Iraq finished when China found themselves swept up by a far less controversial and more immediate war at home: the battle against a new and lethal virus that has quickly reached epidemic size around the world.
In China it is called atypical pneumonia, the disease, defined by the World Health
Organization in March 2003 as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
Until early April, the epidemic, which originated in South China's Guangdong Province in
February had hardly been mentioned in the Chinese media.
When the media silence on SARS broke, the overwhelming tone was the official line that
"the disease was already brought under effective control" and "Beijing remained as normal and safe as ever."
The media's apparent light-heartedness began to withdraw around April 9 when Wen
Jiabao, China's new prime minister, told the nation that the situation regarding the SARS outbreak "is grave." Even in the week following this admission, the amount of SARS infections and deaths released by the Ministry of Health and the Beijing municipal government were widely believed to be low.
The real turning point in Chinese media coverage came on April 20, following a press conference given by a new official from the Ministry of Health, Vice Minister Gao Qiang.
The figures he released at the press conference showed that Beijing had 346 confirmed
SARS cases with 18 deaths, instead of 37 cases with 4 deaths, as previously reported. From that day on, the Ministry of Health has released the national SARS statistics daily to the public.
Now the country's media have devoted much more time to the battle against the new killer, which as of April 22 had claimed 102 lives in China and had infected 2,317 people. For instance, the April 21 edition of Beijing Daily (government-owned) devoted an entire page to methods for disinfecting the home, the importance of wearing a surgical mask, and suggested prescriptions for preventing SARS.
On April 23, Beijing Evening News, a popular tabloid-size newspaper in China's capital with a circulation of nearly 2 million, devoted six of the 16 pages in its first section to the war against SARS. One of the stories featured the experience of a nurse from a local hospital who has just recovered from the disease. The same day's Wen Hui Bao, a
Shanghai-based newspaper popular among intellectuals, gave five of its 12 pages over to coverage of SARS

Sonido Stop
China: The War at Home
Hardly had the war in Iraq finished when China found themselves swept up by a far less controversial and more immediate war at home: the battle against a new and lethal virus that has quickly reached epidemic size around the world.
In China it is called atypical pneumonia, the disease, defined by the World Health
Organization in March 2003 as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
Until early April, the epidemic, which originated in South China's Guangdong Province in
February had hardly been mentioned in the Chinese media.
When the media silence on SARS broke, the overwhelming tone was the official line that
"the disease was already brought under effective control" and "Beijing remained as normal and safe as ever."
The media's apparent light-heartedness began to withdraw around April 9 when Wen
Jiabao, China's new prime minister, told the nation that the situation regarding the SARS outbreak "is grave." Even in the week following this admission, the amount of SARS infections and deaths released by the Ministry of Health and the Beijing municipal government were widely believed to be low.
The real turning point in Chinese media coverage came on April 20, following a press conference given by a new official from the Ministry of Health, Vice Minister Gao Qiang.
The figures he released at the press conference showed that Beijing had 346 confirmed
SARS cases with 18 deaths, instead of 37 cases with 4 deaths, as previously reported. From that day on, the Ministry of Health has released the national SARS statistics daily to the public.
Now the country's media have devoted much more time to the battle against the new killer, which as of April 22 had claimed 102 lives in China and had infected 2,317 people. For instance, the April 21 edition of Beijing Daily (government-owned) devoted an entire page to methods for disinfecting the home, the importance of wearing a surgical mask, and suggested prescriptions for preventing SARS.
On April 23, Beijing Evening News, a popular tabloid-size newspaper in China's capital with a circulation of nearly 2 million, devoted six of the 16 pages in its first section to the war against SARS. One of the stories featured the experience of a nurse from a local hospital who has just recovered from the disease. The same day's Wen Hui Bao, a
Shanghai-based newspaper popular among intellectuals, gave five of its 12 pages over to coverage of SARS

Prepositional phrases a) With "by"
We use "by" in a number of different ways:
1.- To say how we do something.
To send something by post
To do something by hand
To pay by credit card (N.B. in cash)
2.- To say how somebody travels. by car / by train / by bus, etc. (N.B. on foot)
3. With the use of the passive.
The painting was painted by Goya
A Mid Summer Night's dream was written by Shakespeare
4.- Expressions with "by":
By accident / By all means / By chance / By hand / By mistake / By sight / By surprise /
By yourself b) With "in"
Here is a list of prepositional phrases with "in". Please learn them.
In all / In common / In danger / In debt / In difficulties / In general / In a hurry / In other words / In particular / In private / In public / In secret / In tears c) With "on" and "out of"
Here is a list of prepositional phrases with "on" and "out of". Learn them!
On business / On duty / On the one hand……on the other hand / On purpose / On the telephone / On time / On the whole / Out of date / Out of order / Out of reach / Out of time / Out of work

(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonidos (grammar)
Sonidos (use of
English)
Stop
Exercises
Grammar
A) Selecciona una de las siguientes preposiciones para completar estas oraciones: in / on / by

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
9.
10.
7.
8.
I usually go to work ________ train
He was shocked as I had caught him
________ surprise
These photographs were taken
________ a friend of mine
There was a bottle ________ the table and by chance it was the one I was looking for
I was ________ the train when I realised that I had forgotten my mobile phone
The last book I read was written
________ Agatha Christie
The last time they went out for dinner they paid ________ credit card
Julia hates going by car to the office, she prefers going ________ bus
There's no need to send the letter
________ post, I can deliver it myself by hand
It's very hard to put sun tan cream on your back if you're ________ yourself

B) Elige cual de las siguientes expresiones permitiría completar estas oraciones: in all / in common / in danger / in debt / in difficulties / in general / in a hurry / in other words / in particular / in private / in public / in secret / in tears
1. They ran to school because the children were ________
2.
3.
One of their biggest problems is that they are ________ with the bank
She left the building ________ because somebody had insulted her
4.
5.
6.
7.
Amy and Ben have lots of things
________
Enza knew that she was ________ and so tried desperately to escape
Claire didn't want anybody to know, so she told me ________
There are 56 people coming to the party ________
8. James talks ________ that nobody really understands him
C) Elige cual de las siguientes expresiones permitiría completar estas oraciones: on business / on duty / on the one hand……on the other hand / on purpose / on the

telephone / on time / on the whole / out of date / out of order / out of reach / out of time / out of work
1. It is very important to arrive
________ the very first day of your job
2. ________ I like the clothes they sell in
Top Shop
3.
4.
All medicines should be kept
________ for children
Charlie is a nasty boy. I think he kicked you ________
5.
6.
7.
8.
My father has been away for two weeks ________
They didn't eat the meat last night because it was ________
On the one hand, I think the party will be good; ________ , if your parents are going to be there it might not be
My Mum is a nurse and tonight she is
________
Use of English
Entre las expresiones enre paréntesis elige una que permita completar estas oraciones:

3.
4.
1.
2.
5.
The children better arrive ________ if not they will miss the bus (on time / in times / at time / for a time)
The plane arrived so late that I
________ missed the meeting (almost
/ already / soon / entirely)
You'll ________ yourself a lot of time if you walk (spend / make / save / spare)
My next door neighbour's music prevented me from ________ to sleep
(falling / starting / beginning / going)
After a lot of difficulty, Maria
________ to open the bottle
(managed / succeeded / obtained / realised)

Sonido Stop
Health
Health education:
La educación sanitaria
Hygiene: La higiene
A healthy diet: Una dieta sana
Health care: Cuidado sanitario
Check-up: El chequeo
Medicine: El medicamento
Vaccine: La Vacuna
Epidemic: La epidemia
Allergy: La alergia
Allergic:
Alérgico/a
Exhaustion: El agotamiento
Stress: El estrés
Physical and mental tiredness:
El cansancio físico y mental
Disabled person:
El minusválido/a
Disability: La minusvalía
Diabetes: La diabetes
Pneumonia: La pulmonía
AIDS: El SIDA
Lung cancer: El cáncer de pulmón
Heart attack: El infarto

Kidney transplant:
El trasplante de riñón
Depression: La depresión
Mental illness: La enfermedad mental
Nervous breakdown: El colapso nervioso
Sleeping tablets:
El somnífero
Side-effects: Las contraindicaciones
Therapy: La terapia
Hormone: La hormona
Life expectancy: La longevidad
Birth rate: La natalidad
Death rate: La mortalidad
To be in good physical shape: Estar en buena forma
To keep fit:
Mantenerse en forma física
To worry about one's health: Preocuparse por la salud
To be unable to sleep: Desvelarse
To fall ill: Caer enfermo/a
To have an operation: Operarse
To detect in time: Detectar a tiempo
To diagnose: Diagnosticar
To be allergic to: Tener alergia a
To catch / To become infected: Contagiarse
To suffer from an illness: Padecer una dolencia
To be HIV positive: Ser seropositivo

To become depressed: Deprimirse
To have a serious injury: Tener una lesión grave
To age: Envejecer
Sonido Stop
Karma
People live their lives according to their own beliefs. Whereas some people believe in God, others believe in fate or a modern way of thinking - karma. But what is karma and how does it work?
Karma is a Buddhist and Hindu way of thinking. It explains daily events. In Buddhist teaching, the law of Karma says, "for every event that occurs, there will follow another event whose existence was caused by the first, and this second event will be pleasant or unpleasant according to whether its cause was skilful or unskilful". To put it another way, the law explains that if a human being acts in a good manner, his life will receive good events.
Let's take an example of a sequence of events. One day a man gets up, leaves his house and goes to catch the bus. When the bus arrives he does not wait his turn in the queue but jumps it. The people are angry but he does not really care. As he is getting off the bus he trips and hurts his knee (this is a direct result of his unskilful action i.e. jumping the queue).
Later that day the man goes to the supermarket and buys some fresh strawberries. He has to weigh them and so he weights them, puts the sticker with the price on the bag but continues to fill up the bag. Two hours later, the man goes to buy a coke from a vending machine, he puts the money in, presses the button, but nothing comes out. He has lost his money. These are examples of unskilful actions. The result is that the person carrying out the action is 'punished'.
Make & Do
Many English learners find it hard to differentiate between make and do. However, if you learn the following rule it will be a lot clearer:
1.- You use "make" with nouns referring to:
Arrangements Food & Drink Speaking & Sounds Travel

-
Appointment
Choice
Decision
Plan
-
Breakfast
A cup of tea
Some coffee
A meal
A sandwich
Comment
Noise
Point
Promise
Speech
Suggestion
Journey
Tour
Trip
Visit
I made the decision to go on holiday in July
This morning I made myself a sandwich to eat at lunchtime
My boss made a comment about the way I dress
We'll make a short trip to the beech if we have time
Some common expressions with "make":
To make friends (with) / To make a mistake / To make a difference / To make some money /
To be made of / Two and two make four / To make a contract / To make a good footballer /
To make happy (angry, sad, etc.)
2.- You use "do" with "-ing forms" and with words in relation to work.
I do the ironing every Wednesday
He does all the shopping and I do the washing
I have a lot of work to do
You often use "do" with a noun instead of another verb if the meaning is clear:
You must do your hair = You must brush your hair
Have you done the dishes yet?
= Have you washed the dishes yet?
Some common expressions with "do":
To do well (badly, better, worse) / To do your homework / To do an exercise
Tell & Say
Remember the following rule:
To tell somebody something

To say something to somebody
"Tell": If you say who you are talking to
I told him that I couldn't go to the concert
She told me she wanted to cut her hair
Otherwise we use "say":
Karren said that she liked cats
We said goodbye to the postman
(Oir una vez contestados y corregidos los ejercicios)
Sonidos (grammar)
Sonidos (use of
English)
Stop
Exercises
Grammar
A) Escribe en el recuadro cual de estos dos verbos, en su tiempo verbal adecuado, completaría estas oraciones: make / do

1. Have you ever ________ a speech?
2.
3.
4.
If I ________ well in my exams I'd like to be a dentist
I have to do the dishes first and then
________ a pot of tea
Madonna ________ a lot of money
5.
6.
7.
8.
Don't forget to ________ your homework
James has ________ an appointment to see the doctor on Friday
It won't ________ a difference if we have the barbeque today or tomorrow
Girls find it hard to ________ friends
9.
10.
If you ________ a promise, do you always keep it?
Everyday the boys had to ________ a long journey to get to school
B) Escribe en el recuadro cual de estos dos verbos, en su tiempo verbal adecuado,

completaría estas oraciones:
1.
2. say / tell
Mark ________ that he went to
America for a holiday
Why did you ________ that?
3. What did you ________ Sarah?
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Don't ________ anyone what I said.
It's a secret
Don't just stand there! ________ something!
The nurse ________ me to stay in bed for a week
He hasn't ________ us when his birthday is
What did she ________ ?
Use of English
Escribe completa las siguientes oraciones colocando correctamente las palabras entre paréntesis.

1.
2.
3.
6.
7.
8.
4.
5.
I was ________ to get the letter
________ me a ________ ________ your company (with / job / happy / offering)
You didn't ________ me when you want ________ to ________ working
________ you (tell / me / start / for)
My ________ ________ is expecting me to stay ________ him until the
________ of the month (end / employer / present / with)
We ________ thinking about
________ a ________ ________ the office (house / near / are / buying)
My ________ is anxious about
________ a good school for
________ children to ________
(finding / our / attend / wife)
She is ________ that ________ won't be ________ to continue studying
________ subjects (able / some / worried / they)
Let's ________ that ________
________ don't take long ________ solve (problems / to / hope / the)
I look ________ to starting ________ with ________ (work / forward / you)

Sonido Stop
Politics
To elect: Elegir
To govern: Gobernar
To support: Apoyar
Leader: El líder
Leadership: El liderazgo
Party: El partido
Politics:
La política
Politician: El politico
A right/left wing government: Un gobierno de izquierdas / derechas
Right wing: Derechista
Left wing: Izquierdista
Centre party: El partido centrista
Communism: El comunismo
Communist: Comunista
Conservatism: El conservadurismo
Conservative: Conservador
Socialism: El socialismo
Socialist: Socialista
The Congress of Deputies: El Congreso de los Diputados
Parliament (House of Commons): El Parlamento
Debate: El debate

Discussion:
La polémica
The opposition:
La oposición
Prime minister: El primer ministro
Speech: El discurso
General election: Las elecciones generales
Election campaign:
La campaña electoral
Vote:
Sonido Stop
1.- Vowels a) far; start; large; father b) have; fat; bad c) egg; bed; head d) sit; give; sing e) me; eat; agreed; piece f) hot; lost; long g) saw; more; four h) could; good; would; should i) but; cut; blood j) you; use; fool; do k) learn; third; word l) mother; about; forget

m) city; very; jockey
2.- Consonants a) bed; big; brother b) did; dog; bed c) five; if; coffee d) good; leg; pig e) hat; have; who f) you; yellow; young g) can; kicking; lucky h) leg; yellow; old i) me; money; summer j) no; money; can k) put; happy; up l) run; hurry m) see; hits; mass n) time; put; winter o) van; have; lovely p) with; white; woman q) zoo; nose; runs; easy r) ship; sugar; wish s) pleasure; measure t) sing; running; singer

u) cheap; watch; reaching v) thin; thick; bath w) then; weather x) joy; judge; general
3.- Diphthongs a) five; nine; alive; why b) fire; higher c) out; down; sound d) flower; sour e) say; eight; paint; again f) there; hair; where; bear g) hear; nearly h) going; so; slowly i) boy; toilet; coin j) poor; sure
Sonido Stop
Tongue twisters
She sells sea-shells on the sea shore
Six slimy snails sailed silently
Red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry

In Hertford, Hereford and Hampshire, hurricanes hardly ever happen (My Fair Lady)