Name: ___________________
Period: _____
Unit 2: American Red Cross
First Aid/CPR/AED
Deciding to Act
 Consent to give first aid



Actual consentImplied consentGood Samaritan Laws-
Universal Precautions p. 711
 Universal Precautions
 1.
 2.
 3.
 Follow any situation with possible contact with blood and other bodily fluids.
Emergency Action Principles
 ______________________
– Scene
 Safe?
 Clues
 # of victims
 Bystanders to help
– Victim
 Injuries
 ___________ threatening conditions
– Unconscious
– Trouble ________________
– Chest pain or pressure
– No __________
– Bleeding severely
 _________________
– 911 or local emergency # for ambulance & get an _________ if available
– G iv e
 Exact location
 Telephone #
 What happened
 # and condition of victims
Unit 2 Notes: First Aid/CPR Unit, Wells
1
 What help is being given
 DON’T HANG UP TILL OPERATOR DOES!
 ________________ for victim
–
Life threatening injuries 1st
– Less severe
– Help victim stay calm, relaxed
Checking Conscious Adult
 State your name, certifications, obtain _______________ and ask what
happened.
 Check for life threatening conditions, from head to toe. (A,B,C’S)
 Do not ask the victim to ____________ and do not move the victim.
 Look for a __________________ alert tag and ask questions.
 Call 911 or have someone call if serious.
Position Terms:
 _____________ - On their back
 ___________- Face down
 __________________- On the side (Roll as one unit, no twisting).
Checking Unconscious Adult See text pg 723




Check the ________________
Tap & Shout “Are you alright?”
“Go call 911.” & get AED
Check for Signs of Life (A, B, C’ S)
– Open airway (tilt head back, lift chin) listen for breathing no more than
___________sec.
If suspect back, neck or ____________ injury Do not Tilt Neck
– Breathing: recovery position
– Not breathing
2 initial slow rescue breaths
How to Give A Rescue Breath
 1. Head Tilt _________________ Lift (open airway) and pinch nose.
 2. Give a slow breath with a complete seal (each breath should last ____ sec.)
 3. Watch the chest rise
Unit 2 Notes: First Aid/CPR Unit, Wells
2
 Gastric Distention- when you ventilate (breath) too hard and the air skips
the lungs and goes into the ___________________.
Choking Terms P.725
 ________________ Airway Obstruction- when a victim can partially move air
to and from the lungs, coughs, & _________.
 _______________________ Airway Obstruction- When a victim can no longer
speak, cough, and breathe.
– Universal distress SignalConscious Choking Adult
 1. Give 5 Back Blows
 2. Give 5 Abdominal thrusts
 3. Alternate until choking stops or they become unconscious.
– Stand behind victim
– Find belly button
– Make fist with other hand
– Place thumb side of fist against middle of victims abdomen (just above
belly button)
– Grab fist with other hand
– Quick upward thrusts
– Continue until object is up, victim can breath, coughs on own, or victim
becomes unconscious
* Chest Thrusts- obese, pregnant females
Unconscious Choking Adult (Do not use page 726!!!!)
 __________ rescue breaths don’t go in, __________________, try again, still
don’t go, assume airway is blocked
 Find hand position
 _________ chest compressions (1 1/2 to 2in. Deep)
 Look for object
– Grasp tongue and lower jaw between thumb & fingers, lift up
– Finger sweep if you see something
 ________ rescue breaths
 If don’t go in continue with ________ compressions
 Repeat above process
Unconscious Choking Adult
 Stop cycles if
– Object ______________
– Chest rises with rescue breaths
 Check for signs of circulation
Unit 2 Notes: First Aid/CPR Unit, Wells
3
 If none continue with compressions and breaths
– Victim starts breathing on own
– EMS arrives & takes over
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
 No Signs of Life, No AED, Unconscious
 Adult- 12 years or older
– Place yourself midway between the head & chest (kneeling)
CPR
 1. Give 30 Chest Compressions
– 1 1/2 -2 inches deep
– Takes about 18 sec (rate of approx _________ per min)
 2. Give 2 rescue breaths
– Lasts about 1 sec each
– Continue sets of 30 compressions & 2 breaths for 2mins or 5
cycles then re-check for signs of life.
 Once CPR is started continue until
– Get a pulse
– Scene is ____________
– AED available
– Too _________________
– Someone takes over
Cardiac Chain of Survival
 4 lin k s
1. Early ____________________ and access to emergency system
Call 911
2. Early _____________
Keeps blood and oxygen flow to organs, prevents brain damage and
death
3. Early ___________________
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
- Electronic shock to heart
4. Early _______________________ Life support
Paramedics
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
 Do not use under age _______
 Do not use on metal, water
Unit 2 Notes: First Aid/CPR Unit, Wells
4
 Cell phone at least 6ft. away
 Can use with a pace maker
 Remove clothing on chest
 Wipe victims chest dry
 AED will talk you through procedures
Recognizing a heart attack p.739
 Signs (most people ignore or deny)
– Chest discomfort or pain (may spread to other body areas)
– Sweating
– Nausea
– Shortness of breath
– General ill feeling
 Deaths are reduced by recognizing early symptoms of heart attack
 Call for help
 Cardiac Arrest- when the ______________ stops
 Respiratory Arrest- when ________________ stops
 Clinical Death- after breathing & circulation have stopped; you have
____________ minutes of stored oxygen before your cells begin to die.
 Biological Death- after __________ minutes, brain activity stops.
Injuries
 Check
– Scene
– Victim
 Life threatening
 Head to toe
 Call 911
 Care
– Give care until help arrives
Injuries
 Types
– Wounds/ Burns (Soft Tissue)
– Muscle, Bone, & Joint
Muscles, Bones, & Joints pg. 716
 Muscles
– ________________: tearing or stretching of muscles or tendons
 Tendons- strong fibers that attach muscle to bone
 Bones
– ___________________: a break, chip, or crack in a bone
Unit 2 Notes: First Aid/CPR Unit, Wells
5
 Types:
Open (compound)
Closed (simple)
 Deformity, snap, and pain may be present
–
–
 Joints
– ______________: tearing of ligaments at a joint
 Wrist, knee, ankle, & finger
 Ligaments- strong, tough, soft tissue bands that attach bone to bone
– __________________: the movement of a bone out of its position in
the joint. Usually caused by a violent force tearing the ligaments that hold
the bone in place.
 Finger
– Apply ice, immobilize and go to doctor
– **** Do not try to pull it out
 Signs of severe injury:
– Can not move or use body part
– A snap or a pop is heard
– Bone is visible
– Significant bruising, swelling, or deformity
Care for Muscle, Bone & Joint Injuries
 R- Rest
 I- Ice
Apply cold for up to ________ hours
______ min on ______ min off
 C- Compress
 E- Elevate
** Keep part immobile, if have to move victim, 1st splint injury. Do not elevate a
severe injury unless it has been splinted
Immobilizing Muscle, Bone & Joint Injuries
 Splint:
 Types
 Anatomic- Uses another part of victims body
 Ex’s Soft Ex’s Rigid Ex’sUnit 2 Notes: First Aid/CPR Unit, Wells
6
Splinting
 Only if victim must be _______________
 Only if you can do without causing more ________________
 Splint in position you found it
 Splint above and ______________ site of injury
 Check for proper circulation before and after splinting (feeling, warmth, &
color)
Steps to Splinting
 _____________ injured area
 Check ___________________
 Place splint
 Tie splint in place
 ________________ circulation
Care for Wounds (External Bleeding) Pg. 740
 Minor Wounds
– Cleaned & covered
– Open Wounds
 Control bleeding
 Prevent infection
– Clean & cover
– Closed Wounds
 Apply cold
 Major Wounds
– Call “911” and control bleeding
Bleeding
 Use Latex Gloves
 _______________- bright red (oxygenated)
 _______________- darker blood
** Approximately 2 pint per 25 pounds
Clues to Internal Bleeding
 Tender, swollen, bruised or hard areas of the body
 Cool, moist, pale or bluish skin
 Vomiting or coughing up blood
 Excessive thirst
 Confused, faint, drowsy, or unconscious
** Serious Internal Bleeding- Call “911” immediately
Unit 2 Notes: First Aid/CPR Unit, Wells
7
Control Bleeding Pg. 742
 Cover with a dressing and press _______________
 Elevate arm above the ___________
 Cover dressing with non-stick bandage
 If bleeding doesn’t stop
– Add additional _____________ over top
– Apply _______________ to artery
 Femoral (leg)
 Brachial (arm)
Shock (see text pg 733)
 Circulatory system fails to deliver _______________ to all parts of the body
 Life threatening condition
 Types
– Insulin
– Traumatic (sudden injury)
– Anaphylactic (sting)
Shock
 Signals of _______________ Shock
– Restlessness or irritability
– Altered consciousness
– Pale, cool, moist skin
– Looks disoriented
– Rapid ___________
– Rapid pulse
– ______________ pupils
Caring for Shock
 Lie down and rest
 Control external bleeding
 Maintain normal body temp
 Elevate legs if injuries allow
 Only water at room temperature
 Make sure advanced help is on the way
Sudden Illness Pg. 712
 Stroke
 Seizure
– Do not hold or restrain victim
Unit 2 Notes: First Aid/CPR Unit, Wells
8
– Do not place anything in their mouth
– Remove objects that may cause injury
 Diabetic Emergency
– Help victim remain calm & get medication
 Poisoning/ Allergic Reactions
– Call 911 & Poison Control #
Caring for Sudden Illnesses
 Care for life threatening conditions
 Have victim rest in comfortable position
 Keep from getting chilled or over heated
 No food or water
 Reassure victim
 Send someone to meet EMS
 Ask about medical conditions & medications
 Monitor, try to minimize risk of shock
 Watch for changes in consciousness or breathing
Unit 2 Notes: First Aid/CPR Unit, Wells
9