The Cell Theory-Guided Notes What is a Theory? –When scientists agree upon an ______________________or idea, after repeated experimentation, they call it a theory. What is a cell? A cell is the _______________ unit of structure and function in living things. Robert Hook 1665 English Scientist who was one of the first people to observe cells. Built his own ____________________ __________________________. Observed cork which seemed to be made up of empty little boxes, which he named cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1674 In the mid 1600s, a Dutch fabric merchant, made a simple microscope with a tiny glass _______________ for a lens. Observed a different drops of water and found 0ne-celled organisms Formulation of the Cell Theory 3 German Scientists are credited. 1. Matthias ___________________- 1830’s studied plant parts and concluded plants are made of cells. 2. Theodor ____________________- After observing animal cells concluded all animals made of cells. 3. Rudolf Virchow- hypothesized that cells divide to form new cells and proposed a cell came from a cell that already existed. The Cell Theory 1. All organisms are made up of one or ____________ cells. 2. Cell is the basic unit of structure and function. 3. All cells come from _________________ cells. 1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells Cells are divided into two groups 1. _____________________cells 2. _____________________cells 2. Cell is the basic unit of structure and function. Cells are building blocks of living organisms Cells have the same basic parts to do specific tasks, • Take in __________________ • • • • Store Reproduce Breakdown __________________ Take in and use _______________ 3. Cells come from pre-existing cells. Two methods of reproduction 1. Meiosis 2. Mitosis Organisms are divided into two groups. 1. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms, and are divided into two groups. 2. Eukaryotes are multi-celled organisms. Organisms are classified into three domains. Name of Domain Group Bacteria Prokaryotes Achaea Prokaryotes Eucaryota Eukaryotes 1. Prokaryotic cells –Found only in _________________ organisms such as Paramecium-found in freshwater ponds and bacteria. –Does not have membrane bound structures inside the cell. –No nucleus 2. Eukaryotic Cells –Cells with membrane-bound structures inside the cell. –Found in ______________________ organisms. –Cells contain a nucleus Multi-celled organisms include: plants animals molds fungi Organization of cell in Multi-celled Organism 1. _____________________ The smallest unit that has properties of life. 2. ______________________ Group of similar cells that work together to do one job. Ex: Heart tissue 3. _______________________ Two or more types of tissue that work together. Ex: Heart : nerve, blood, and cardiac muscle tissue. 4. ________________________ A group of organs working together to perform a certain function. Ex: Cardiovascular system includes heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. 5.________________________- Many organ systems that work together Ex: Humans Different cells perform different functions in multi-celled organisms. Plants • Leaves - epidermis cells- protect the plant. • Trunks of trees- xylem cells- extra thick cell walls. Humans • Nerve cells – carry messages to and from different parts of the body • Blood cells carry ______________ to and from different parts of the body. Cells Are Different for a reason, it depends on their ________________ Size and Shape are different for a reason. Nerve Cells – are long to cover a large area Muscles cells- thin and long, in order to expand and contract Blood cells are flexible so they can flow through our veins and organs. Plant cell are rigid so they can support the plants Ultimately Cells…… • Take in nutrients and convert it to energy • Sized and shaped differently according to their job- (function). • Perform different jobs depending on the needs of the cell • Work together to maintain the life of an organism. The Cell Theory 1. All organisms are made up of ____________ or more cells. 2. Cell is the basic unit of __________________ and function. 3. All cells come from _______________________ cells.