Chapter 3 Study Guide – Federalism
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How does the example of Hurricane Katrina illustrate some of the issues involved in a federalist system of government?
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What was the devolution revolution ? o Who played a role in the devolution revolution?
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Defining Federalism o What is the definition of federalism ? o Define each of the following leading ideas about federalism:
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Dual federalism :
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When was this the favored type of federalism?
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Cooperative federalism :
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Marble cake federalism :
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Competitive federalism :
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Permissive federalism :
 “Our federalism” :

o Alternatives to federalism:
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Define unitary system :
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What are some examples of unitary systems?
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Define confederation :
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What are some examples of confederacies?
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Why Federalism? (Advantages & Disadvantages of Federalism) o Briefly explain each of following: o Federalism checks the growth of tyranny
 o Federalism allows unity w/out uniformity
 o Federalism encourages experimentation
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What is an example of this in the book? o Federalism provides training grounds
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What is an example of this in the book?

o Federalism keeps government closer to the people
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The Constitutional Structure of American Federalism o Define express powers :
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Give an example: o Define implied powers :
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Give an example: o Define necessary and proper clause :
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Give an example: o Define inherent powers :
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Give an example: o Why are these powers important to our federalist system of government? o Expansion of the central government functions rests on four constitutional pillars, explain each of them below:
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The natl supremacy article (Article VI of Constitution):
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The war power :
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The power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce :
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Define commerce clause (Art. I, Sec. 8, Clause 1):
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How has this clause been used?
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Why was Gibbons v.
Ogden (1824) a landmark ruling?

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What happened in United States v. Lopez (1995) and why was it a significant decision?
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What happened in Gonzales v. Raich (2005) and why was it a significant decision?
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The power to tax and spend :
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What is an example of Congress using this power?
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Define federal mandate :
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Define concurrent powers :
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List the various things that states are prohibited from doing: o o o o o o
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Interstate Relations o ##NOT IN BOOK## reserved powers = those powers reserved only for the states
 those powers not specifically granted to the national government nor denied to the states o Define full faith and credit clause (Art. IV, Sect. 1):
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What is an example of this?

o Define extradition : o Define interstate compact :
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What is an example of this?
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The Role of the Federal Courts: Umpires of Federalism o What happened in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)? Why is this considered a landmark case? ( Be sure to discuss the doctrine of implied national powers and the doctrine of national supremacy .) o Define preemption :
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What is an example of this? o Centralists vs. Decentralists
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Define centralists :
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Ex.) Chief Justice John Marshall; Presidents Lincoln; Theodore
Roosevelt; FDR; throughout most of our history, the Supreme
Court
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What do centralists believe about the Constitution?

 Define decentralists :
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They support states’ rights
– powers expressly or implicitly reserved to the states
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Ex.) Antifederalists, Thomas Jefferson, S.C. Senator John
Calhoun, Supreme Court from 1920s to 1937, Ronald Reagan,
George H.W. Bush, former Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist,
Justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas
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What do decentralists believe about the Constitution?
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How has the Supreme Court been interpreting cases involving issues of federalism in recent years?
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What happened in United States v. Morrison (2000)? Why is this a significant case?
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Regulatory Federalism: Grants, Mandates, and New Techniques of Control o Why are federal grants so important to Congress?
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What four purposes do they serve?
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1.
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2.
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3.
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4.

 Describe each of the three types of grants below:
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Categorical-Formula Grants : o What are some examples of these types of grants?
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Project Grants : o What are some examples of these types of grants?
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Block grants :
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What types of grants do Republicans usually favor? Why? o What are some examples of these types of grants?
 What types of grants do Democrats usually favor? Why?
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#NOT IN THIS CHAPTER# unfunded mandates (pg. 551) – programs that the federal government requires states to implement without federal funding
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Ex.) No Child Left Behind, Americans with Disabilities Act o New Techniques of Federal Control
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What are direct orders?
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What is an example of a direct order?
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What are cross-cutting requirements?
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What is an example of a cross-cutting requirement?
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What are crossover sanctions?

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What is total and partial preemption?
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What is an example of a crossover sanction?
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What is an example of this?
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The Politics of Federalism o Why has more power been consolidated in the national government over the past two centuries? o What happens to federal programs once they are created? Why are they difficult to get rid of? o What is the difference between the “rhetoric” and the “reality” in terms of the devolution revolution?