JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ORGANIZATION CONSTITUTION 2009 Page 1 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 PREAMBLE WE the students of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, RECOGNIZING that we have a constitutional right of freedom of assembly, organization and expression and thus capable of joining this organization as enshrined in the Constitution of Kenya. RECOGNIZING that JKUAT as a Public University plays a leading role in teaching, research and innovation and is an efficient and functional institution that produces selfreliant graduates who are trained to adopt ethical standards and best practices, as well as play an effective role in harnessing the knowledge acquired to further develop the country and the world at large. RECOGNIZING the authority of the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Act, 1994 and JKUAT Statutes RECOGNIZING that JKUAT has set structures regulating governance and management of the University and hereby abide to respect the authority. ACKNOWLEDING that JKUAT is a diverse and multi disciplinary University with various Faculties, Schools, Centres, Institutes, Colleges and Campuses all offering different programmes in various disciplines. ACKNOWLEDING that the students in the various disciplines have unique and diverse needs, and concerns which need to be addressed, in order to foster the observance of the shared goals and ideas of the University student community. ACKNOWLEDGING the need to be responsible for our own conduct and for the welfare of the University. Page 2 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 ACKNOWLEDGING that the values of transparency, accountability and respect for the rights of students and social justice must be institutionalized in one system of organization so as to ensure that democracy is enjoyed by all students in pursuit of academic and social welfare, peace, prosperity and integrity. APPRECIATING that this organization is non political. WE the students of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology hereby come together, in free will to establish this constitution for the purpose of expressing our ideas, beliefs, concerns and activities to the University. WE further declare, adopt and bind ourselves and our successors by this Constitution as the Constitution of the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Student Organization (JKUSO), and its guiding spirit in all matters appertaining to it. DEFINITIONS (a) ''Academic Year'', ''Annual'', or ''Annual Meeting'' refer to and comply with the academic year as per the University calendar. (b) “Act” shall mean the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Act No. 8 of 1994. (c) "Affiliate Member" refers to a member from any institution of the University recognized by the Union. (d) ''Annual Accounts'' mean the balance sheet; the statement of income and expenditure; the statement of expenses and application of funds. (e) "Associate member" refers to a member who has made himself/herself a partner by paying a subscription fee as will be determined by the Student Council. (f) ''Bona fide member'' means and includes only those persons who have duly paid the non-refundable subscription fee. (g) “Constituency” shall mean a unit of representation in the organization and shall include a Faculty, College, Institute, School, Campus and Centre. (h) "Complimentary Member" refers to a member who co-exists with the members of JKUSO but has no right of vote as a bonafide member. Page 3 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (i) “Disability” includes any physical, sensory, mental, psychological or other impairment, condition or illness that has, or is perceived by significant sectors of the Community to have a substantial or long term effect on the individuals’ ability to carry out ordinary day to day activities. (j) ''External Auditor'' refers to any person with the recognized accounting qualifications who is not a member of the Students’ Governing Council. (k) "Extraordinary Meeting" refers to an impromptu meeting. (l) “Student” means a person who is registered as a student of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology during a current academic year for a first or higher degree, diploma, certificate or such other qualification or course of the University as may be approved by the Senate as qualifying a person for the status of a student, but does not include a student of an affiliated institution who is registered for examinations leading to the degree, diploma, certificate and other academic award of the University. (m) ''Semester'' means a period of study consisting of sixteen weeks or its equivalent in contact hours and includes University examinations. (n) ''Statutes'' means statutes made pursuant to the Act of the University. (o) "Special Meeting" refers to a meeting where two-thirds (2/3) majority of its members has not been realized. (p) “Special Interests group” shall include students with disabilities and foreign students. (q) ''The Constitution'' means the Constitution of JKUSO unless otherwise stated. (r) ''University'' refers to Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. (s) ''The Student Council'' refers to the body comprising the elected officials of the Executive and includes the representatives of the Halls, Faculties, Departments or any other representatives that may be determined by the University Council. (t) “Union” shall mean Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Students’ Organization. (u) “Organization” shall mean Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Students’ Organization. (v) “University” shall mean Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. Page 4 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (w) “Main Council” shall mean the Main Student Council of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Student Organization elected in accordance with Article IV hereof. (x) "Part-time Member" refers to a member who is legally entitled to have a right to JKUSO membership during specified periods. (y) "Stand-by Executive" refers to the Executive appointed by the Student Governing Council in the event of the dissolution of the Executive Committee by the University Administration or by means of vote-of-no confidence. (z) “Unit” shall mean a unit of students’ representation and shall include Faculties, Institutes, Schools, Centres, Colleges and Campuses. For purposes of clarity a Faculty, Institute, School, Centre, College and Campus will be considered as an individual unit. (The current existing units form schedule I of this Constitution). (aa) "Referendum" refers to the process of referring a political view to the students' body for a direct decision by a general vote. (bb) Words denoting masculine gender also refer to feminine gender. (cc) “Special Needs” shall include persons with disabilities. ARTICLE I NAME The name of the Organization shall be the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Students Organization (hereafter known and referred to as JKUSO). REGISTERED OFFICE OF JKUSO The JKUSO head office shall be located at the main campus of JKUAT at Juja whose address shall be P.O. Box 62000, NAIROBI. AREA OF OPERATION This constitution shall have force of law at all faculties, schools, centers, colleges, institutes, and any other institutions of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology as determined by the University Senate. ARTICLE II OBJECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION Page 5 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 The objects of the Organization are: 1. To protect the individual and collective rights of JKUAT students; 2. To provide a meaningful address of student concerns and perspectives through the principle of democratic representation; 3. To foster observance of shared goals and ideals of JKUAT students; 4. To gather, disseminate and mutually exchange information about members and their activities in the fields of education, research, innovation, strategic and development plans and services; 5. To identify and make known the educational and related needs and challenges that student face in Kenyan Public Universities and, as far as practicable, source, mobilize and co-ordinate ways and means whereby those needs and challenges may be addressed; 6. To contribute toward the promotion of education in Kenya, in order to assist its members and the Kenya Public to improve academically. 7. To develop a sense of responsibility for the students conduct and for the welfare of the University. 8. To ensure that students activities achieve their maximum effectiveness. 9. To increase the awareness of diversity and multi cultural aspects of the JKUAT student community. 10. To encourage the interaction of the students of different races and religions. 11. To encourage events that broaden the spheres of culture, society and education. 12. To assist the Organization members to cope with and learn the University system. 13. To promote gender and social equity in policies on education in JKUAT. 14. To promote the spirit of unity, togetherness and humanity among its members and the University Community and Management. 15. To be the voice of its members for purposes of advocating for the needs and interests of JKUAT students. 16. To foster the relationship between the student community and the University staff, university management and the general public based on unity and understanding. Page 6 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 17. Facilitate initiative among students, JKUAT students and members of other Universities, Institutions and Associations with similar interests. 18. To encourage continued cooperation among former JKUAT students through the Alumni Association. 19. To raise funds through lawful means for purposes of achieving the aims and objectives of JKUSO. 20. To distribute and publish a magazine or other publications in which students can express their views, thoughts and creative talents. 21. Such other objects as shall be relevant to the furtherance of the aims of the Organization. 22. To uphold the constitution of the student organization. 23. To be committed to holding free and fair elections. 24. To endeavor to achieve its objective devoid of political, social, religious, racial bias, or any other form of discrimination. 25. Undertake in any other activity which does not conflict with this constitution or any other law or regulation in force or as laid down in the university statutes and which is beneficial to the members. ARTICLE III MEMBERSHIP 3.0 ELIGIBILITY (i) Membership to the organization shall be open to all students of JKUAT. (ii) Membership to the organization shall be free from discrimination on the basis of race, color, creed, sex, marital status, personal appearance, age, national origin, political affiliation and physical or mental disability. 3.1 DETERMINATION OF MEMBERSHIP (i) A student registered at JKUAT shall be an ordinary member of JKUSO upon payment of annual subscription fee as shall be determined from time to time by the JKUSO Main Council and passed by the University Senate for University Council approval. Page 7 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (ii) A part-time student shall be a complimentary member and shall acquire such membership upon payment of such fees as determined. (iii) Former students shall be granted associate membership, upon payment of an annual fee determined by the Main Council and passed by the University and University council for approval. Such membership will be considered and approved by the Executive Committee. (iv) Any other person desiring to be a member of the Organization and who in the opinion of the Executive Committee does not fall under any of the categories specified in this section (i), (ii) or (iii) above shall be granted affiliate membership upon approval by the Council. 3.2 RIGHTS OF MEMBERS Members of JKUSO shall have the following rights:(i) Every member shall have the right to vote in the organizations’ elections; (ii) Every member shall have access to the facilities offered by JKUSO provided that such access shall not be through unlawful means such as access by use of physical force to the office, occupation of building or misuse of the Union assets; (iii) Every member shall have the right to take part in all activities and enjoy all facilities of JKUSO without hindrance, unless otherwise provided in this Constitution; (iv) Participate in the proceedings of the General Meetings; (v) To elect or be elected to any of JKUSO leadership position unless otherwise provided in the constitution; (vi) To be elected, nominated or appointed to be a delegate or representative of JKUSO in any fora; (vii) To express their opinion in any proper and appropriate means in any JKUSO meetings or any other fora where JKUSO has interest. Provided that personal opinion may not necessarily represent the policy of JKUSO. 3.3 OBLIGATIONS OF MEMBERS Page 8 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (i) Every member of JKUSO shall be required to respect all the organs of the Organization established in the Constitution and their decisions. (ii) Every member shall abide and bind oneself by the letter and spirit of this Constitution. 3.4 CESSATION OF MEMBERSHIP Membership shall cease where one: (i) Retires upon completion of one's course of study at the University apart from those who subsequently continue uninterrupted to the next level of study at the University. (ii) Resigns from JKUSO by notice submitted to the Secretary General. The resignation shall take effect from the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary General. (iii) For any reason, falls into arrears with his union fees for more than one (1), academic year. The Executive Committee may, however, at its discretion, reinstate such member on payment of the total amount of union fees outstanding. (iv) Ceases to be a student occasioned by death, expulsion, transfer or discontinuation by the University. ARTICLE IV STRUCTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION 4.0 THE ORGANS The organs of JKUSO shall be as follows: (i) The Student Governing Council(hereinafter referred to as the “Main Council” (ii) The Executive Committee (iii) The Campus Councils (iv) Representatives from Schools, Faculties, Centres, Institutes, Departments, Halls of Residence, Outside Hostels. 4.1 THE STUDENTS’ GOVERNING COUNCIL Page 9 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 4.1.1 Composition of the Students’ Governing Council The Students governing council shall comprise of the following (i) Nine (9) elected members from Juja campus. (ii) Three(3) elected members from each of the other campuses (Chairperson, Vice Chairperson and Secretary General). (iii) Three(3) nominated members representing special interest groups. (v) One elected representative from each faculty, institute, school, and centre. (vi) One elected representative from each department. (vii) One elected representative from resident and non- resident halls . 4.1.2 Functions of the Students’ Governing Council The Students’ Governing Council shall be the supreme organ of the JKUSO and shall carry out the following functions: (a) Uphold and protect the Constitution of the Organization; (b) Determine the general policies of the Organization; (c) Approve the programmes and budget of the Organization; (d) Be responsible for the policy directives to be executed by the Executive Committee; (e) Ratify any other decisions of the executive committee that require ratification. (f)Undertake or direct the Executive Committee to undertake such other tasks as are compatible with the aims and objects of the Organization. (g) Establish committees to carry out the respective functions of the organization. 4.1.3 Powers of the Student governing Council Page 10 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (a) The Students’ Governing Council shall have full authority over the assets and business of the Organization and may contract staff and or professionals to be remunerated on such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon. (b) The Students’ Governing Council shall have powers to Suspend, levy fines, or otherwise discipline its members, in line with the provisions of its general policies. 4.1.4 Meetings of the Students’ Governing Council (i) The Students’ Governing Council shall meet as when need arises but must meet at least once every semester. (ii) There shall be an Annual General Meeting of the Student Governing Council, which shall be held not later than 30th September of each year. (iii) Notice in writing of such Annual General Meeting of the Student Governing Council, accompanied by the annual statement of accounts and the agenda for the meeting shall be sent to all members not less than 21 days before the date of the meeting. (iv) The Annual General meeting will be deemed to be constituted when at least half of the members are present. (v) The agenda of the Annual General Meeting shall be to(a) Confirm the minutes of the previous annual general meeting; (b) Receive the report of the Executive Committee on the finances and activities of the organization; (c) Consider the accounts; (d) Receive the report of the Chair of any Standing Committees; (e) Inform members of the newly elected officials for the subsequent year; (f) Decide on programs and activities of the Organization; (g) Decide on the venue and host of the next annual meeting. Provided always that in case of emergency, the time and place of the meeting may be changed by the Chairperson of the Organization after consultation with the Executive Committee; (h) Determine such other matters as the SG Council may decide or as to which notice shall have been given in writing by a member or members to the Chairperson at least two weeks before the date of the meeting; (i) Any other business with the approval of the Chairperson. (vi) Deliberations of the Student Governing Council shall be open to all members present or their representatives and decisions shall be by consensus. Provided that where there is divergence of opinion, the decision shall be taken by vote of a simple majority of members present and voting except where otherwise provided for in this Constitution. Members present here shall constitute two thirds (2/3) of Page 11 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 representation from every campus council. The Chairperson shall have a casting vote in the event of a tie. (vii) The Student Governing Council shall determine its own rules of procedure. Where provision is not made in the rules of procedure, the Chairperson or other person presiding at the meeting shall take a decision, which shall be binding on those present at the meeting unless the matter is otherwise provided for in the rules of procedure. (viii) The Student Governing Council meeting shall be chaired by the Chairperson of the Organization. In the absence of the Chairperson members present shall appoint among themselves a Chairperson to preside over the meeting. 4.1.5 Office Bearers of the Organization and Duties (i) There shall be nine (9) executive officers of the Student Governing Council. (ii) The nine officers of the Student Governing Council will be: (a) Chairperson (b) Vice Chairperson (c) Secretary General (d) Finance Secretary (e) Academic Secretary (f) Sports & Games Secretary (g) Entertainment Secretary (h) Catering & Accommodation Secretary (i) External Affairs Secretary (iii) The officials and their respective duties are as follows: I. CHAIRPERSON The Organization shall have a Chairperson who shall be elected by all bonafide members of JKUSO The chairperson shall: Page 12 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (a) Preside over the Students’ Governing Council, the Executive Committee, Annual General, Ordinary and Extra-ordinary Meetings; (b) Be the spokesperson of the Organization on the advice of the Executive Committee; (c) Have a casting vote in all meetings of the Organization; (d) (e) Represent the Organization at the University Council and the University Senate; Be ex-officio member of all Committees apart from Students' Conduct and Ethics Committee; (f) Be a co-signatory in all negotiable transactions of the Organization; (g) Facilitate the existence of cordial relationship between the Organization, the University Administration, Students Council and members of the Organization; (h) Strive to ensure that all the Organization Committees, have cordial relations among them, and that their goals articulate the policies of the Organization; (i) Such other duties as may be bestowed upon him by the Students’ Governing Council provided that it does not violate this Constitution, the University Statutes or any other written laws. II. VICE-CHAIRPERSON The Organization shall have a Vice Chairperson who shall be elected by all bonafide members of JKUSO The Vice Chairperson shall: (a) Exercise the duties of the Chairperson in his absence from office or in his inability to act; (b) Perform such other duties as may be delegated to him by the Chairperson; (c) Act as the official internal affairs officer of the Organization including internal security matters; (d) Coordinate services required during sickness or bereavement of the member(s) of the Organization; Page 13 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (e) Perform any other duties bestowed upon him by the Students’ Governing Council and the Executive Committee provided that, these duties do not violate the spirit of this Constitution or are inconsistent with the respective duties provided for other members of the Students’ Governing Council. III. SECRETARY GENERAL The Organization shall have a Secretary General who shall be elected by all bonafide members of JKUSO The Secretary General shall: (a) Be the Secretary of the Students’ Governing Council, Annual General, Ordinary, Extra-ordinary Meetings. (b) Be in permanent liaison with the Chairperson of the Organization; (c) Represent members of the Organization in the University Council. (d) Oversee and maintain all minutes, correspondences, records and property of the Organization; (e) Keep files, registers and minutes of the Organization; (f) In consultation with the Chairperson and members of the Executive in general, draw the agenda for the Organization meetings and to issue notices of such meetings. (g) Maintain correspondence with Campus council Officials and other stakeholders; (h) Be responsible for the circulation of relevant information to the members of the Organization through notices and announcements. (i) Be a co-signatory in all negotiable transactions of the Organization. (j) Make available to the Chairperson all documents and reports relating to matters to be discussed at the Annual General Meeting. (k) Perform any other duties bestowed upon her/him by Students’ Governing Council provided they do not violate the spirit of this Constitution or create a chance of collision of responsibilities of other members of the Students’ Governing Council. IV. FINANCE SECRETARY Page 14 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 The Organization shall have a Finance Secretary who shall be elected by all bonafide members of JKUSO The Finance Secretary shall perform the following functions(a) Receive all monies paid to the Organization and be responsible for the Association’s funds; (b) accept subscriptions and donations in the name of the Organization with the approval of the Executive Committee; (c) Shall ensure that accounts are made available to the students’ body every 6th week of every academic semester. (d) Shall be a co-signatory to all withdrawals from the students’ funds as authorized by the Finance Committee. (e) Shall submit an up-to-date statement of accounts and reports indicating income and expenditure for each academic semester for approval, their publication at every 6th and 12th week of every semester. (f) They shall publish the names of the three (3) approved External Auditors, not later than four (4) weeks to the end of the second semester. (g) Shall ensure that all books of accounts are submitted to three (3) external auditors, approved by the Students Governing Council, at the end of every academic year for audit purposes. (h) Shall ensure that all books of accounts are made available to any of the members of the Finance Committee, provided that written notice has been given to the Finance Secretary seven (7) days in advance, for inspection purposes. (i) Shall ensure that all books of accounts are made available for inspection by the appointed auditors’ at all reasonable times, provided that a written notice has been given seven (7) days in advance to the Finance Secretary. (j) (k) Keep a detailed account of receipts and prepare a financial statement for the Annual General Organization Board meeting; Keep records of membership dues; 4.2 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Page 15 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 4.2.1 Establishment (i) There shall be an Executive Committee of the Organization. (ii) The Executive power of the organization shall be vested in the Executive Council (iii) The Executive Committee shall be responsible for overseeing the day to day operations of the Organization. 4.2.2 Membership The Executive Committee shall comprise twenty one(21) elected officers as follows: (i) Chairperson (ii) Vice Chairperson (iii) Finance Secretary (iv) Secretary General (v) External Affairs Secretary (vi) Sports and Games Activities Secretary (vii) Catering, Accommodation and Welfare Secretary (viii) Recreation and Entertainment Secretary (ix) Academic Affairs Secretary (x) Three campus representatives from each associate campus (xi) Three nominated members from special interest groups 4.2.3 Duties of the Executive Committee The Executive shall: (i) Be ultimately responsible for upholding the Constitution of the Organization. (ii) Be responsible for the day to day running of the Organization (iii) Implement the decisions of the Students’ Governing Council (iv) Manage the Organizations' property with integrity, accountability and transparency Page 16 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (v) Nominates members to the Organizations' committees for ratification by the Students’ Governing Council (vi) Represent the Organization in the University organs where the Organization needs to be represented. This representation includes and is not limited to representation in the University Senate and the University Council. (vii) Facilitate the actualization of the objects of the Organization. (viii) Perform such other duties as may be delegated by the Main Council. 4.2.4 Meetings of the Executive Committee (i) The Executive Committee shall meet at least twice in a semester in ordinary session at a date and place to be determined by it. (ii) The Chairperson may convene an extraordinary session of the Committee. (iii) The Chairperson shall convene an extraordinary session of the Committee if two thirds (2/3) of the Committee members make a request in writing. (iv) The quorum required for a meeting is at least three-fifths of the members, including the Chairperson. (v) Decisions made by the Executive Committee shall be communicated to the Campus Councils within fourteen (14) days during the normal semester. Members present here shall constitute two thirds (2/3) of representation from every campus council. 4.2.5 Co-option of Members The Executive Committee shall co-opt an individual from among the Students’ Governing Council members to replace a member of the executive committee who would have resigned, suspended from office, deceased, or ceased to be a student on grounds of academic commitments or disciplinary grounds. Such cooption shall be done from among members of the Main Council and the decision shall require a two-thirds (2/3) majority of all members of the Students’ Governing Council. Page 17 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 4.3 WORKING COMMITTEES OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (i) The Executive Committee shall have Seven (7) working Committees. (ii) The Secretaries of the working Committees shall be members of the Executive Committee. (iii) The working committees of the Executive Committee are as follows- I. FINANCE COMMITTEE 4.3.1 MEMBERSHIP The Finance Committee shall be chaired by the Finance Secretary of the Organization. He shall be the Chairperson of all meetings except when giving the financial report when a Chairperson shall be elected. Membership is as follows: (i) Chairperson of the Students Organization (ii) Finance Secretary of the Students Organization (iii) Secretary General of the Students Organization (iv) University Finance Officer or his representative (v) Three (3) members elected from the Student Governing Council. 4.3.2 BANK SIGNATORIES Signatories to any withdrawals of the JKUSO accounts shall be the following: (i) Chairperson of the Students' Organization (ii) Finance Secretary of the Students' Organization (iii) Secretary General of the Students' Organization (iv) Dean of Students Page 18 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 The signatories shall append their signatures on the expenditure voucher as per the minutes of the Finance Committee approving the expenditure and duly signed minutes of the Finance Committee should be appended to the expenditure voucher. 4.3.3 DUTIES OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE (i) The Finance Committee shall ensure that all the finances of JKUSO are administered under a system of accounting recognized by the Association of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya, with the supervision of the University Finance Officer. (ii) The Finance Committee shall propose one (1) external auditor and two (2) internal auditors from the student fraternity to the Student Governing Council within three (3) weeks after elections by the students. (iii) In consultation with the Executive Committee to prepare the budget, allowances, financial allocations and expenditure, as well as audit report and present them to the Student Governing Council for approval at least three weeks after elections. The budget shall only be inclusive of the financial year under which it has been drawn. The Executive shall present the approved budget, financial allocations, audit report and expenditure for ratification to the Students Welfare Committee of the Senate. (iv) To prepare a report and statement of accounts, indicating income and expenditure for that semester for approval and publication at every 6th and 12th week of every semester. II EXTERNAL AFFAIRS COMMITTEE 4.3.4 MEMBERSHIP Membership of this Committee shall be as follows:(i) The External Affairs Secretary (ii) Six (6) other members elected from the Main Council The External Affairs Secretary shall be the chairperson of the Committee members. Page 19 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 4.3.5 DUTIES OF THE COMMITTEE (i) Identify and propose external links outside the University. (ii) Advice the Students’ Governing Council on all external links identified and proposed by this committee. (iii) Establish and maintain all external links approved by at least two-thirds (2/3) of all members of the Student Governing Council with voting rights, and submit contacts of these links to the University Administration. (iv) Diligently keep copies of all records of communication with external links (v) Keep and update a directory of the Organization with all addresses of external links. (vi) Freely avail any information in its possession regarding contacts of any external links maintained or previously maintained by the Organization to any interested member of the Organization. (vii) Be the main Consultative Organ to the Student Governing Council during occasions of enhancing the image of the Organization, or repairing the damage suffered by the Organization due to any occurrence implicating it in the eyes of the public. (viii) Be directly answerable to the Student Governing Council on any matter directly or indirectly related to external affairs and of interest to the Organization. (ix) Organize community service activities in and around the University. (x) In consultation with the Dean of Students’ office, prepare a list of guest speakers to address the students’ body. III SPORTS AND GAMES ACTIVITIES COMMITTEE 4.3.6 MEMBERSHIP Members of this committee shall be as follows; (i) Sports and Games Activities Secretary (ii) Six (6) other members elected from the Main Council Page 20 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 The Sports and Games Activities Secretary shall be the chairperson of this Committee. 4.3.7 DUTIES OF THE COMMITTEE (i) Keep detailed and exhaustive records of all sports and games activities with the Director of Sports and Games. (ii) Convene at least one meeting at the beginning of each semester with the Director of Sports and Games. (iii) Be the custodians of information from both the Director of Sports and Games or Dean of Students regarding the total amount of funds available from the activity fee kitty. (iv) Prepare a budget to cater for the needs brought to its knowledge within the limits of the activity fee. (v) Send official communication in writing to each of the activity groups detailing the percentage of activity fee and its monetary equivalent allocated for the respective group for the entire academic year. (vi) Ensure that no sporting activity recognized by the University is marginalized or neglected. (vii) Ensure that only registered members of a recognized sporting activity are entitled to allowances. (viii) Inform the members of the Organization within the first four (4) weeks of every academic year the expenditure, in detail, of sporting activities of the previous academic year. The expenditure shall be availed to an external auditor for scrutiny as provided for by this Constitution. (ix) Coordinate and promote sports and games activities in the University and arrange external and internal fixtures. (x) Examine sports and games problems that may arise in order to provide practical solutions. (xi) Be the main Consultative Organ to the Student Governing Council on any matter related directly or indirectly to sports and games activities. Page 21 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (xii) Be directly answerable to the Student Governing Council on any matter directly or indirectly related to sports and games activities. IV. CATERING AND ACCOMMODATION COMMITTEE 4.3.8 MEMBERSHIP Membership of this Committee shall be as follows; (i) Catering, Accommodation and Welfare Secretary (ii) All hall of residence and non-resident representatives The Catering and Accommodation and Secretary shall be the chairperson and spokesman of this committee based on the advice provided by its members. 4.3.9 DUTIES OF THE CATERING, ACCOMODATION AND COMMITTEE (i) Be the custodians of all records of communication related to Catering and Accommodation of the Organization. (ii) Establish and maintain cordial relationships with Catering Department and Accommodation Department, Estate Department, Health Services Department and any other Departments within the University whose services affect the living environment of members of the Organization. (iii) Liaise with the University Catering Manager for the provision of affordable meals to members of the Organization within the University's dining hall. (iv) Ensure all members of the Organization receive valuable and quality medical assistance from the University Hospital. Page 22 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (v) In liaison with the Dean of Students Office, ensure that members of the organization live in proper and habitable facilities. (vi) Ensure that no fully registered member of the Organization lacks accommodation and/or is marginalized in terms of Catering and Accommodation. (vii) Be the main consultative organ to the Student Governing Council on any matter related directly or indirectly to catering and accommodation of members of the Organization. (viii) Be the custodians of records of non-resident students. V. RECREATION AND ENTERTAINMENT COMMITTEE 4.3.10 MEMBERSHIP The membership of this Committee shall be; (i) Recreation and Entertainment Secretary (ii) Six (6) other members elected from the Student Governing Council The Recreation and Entertainment Secretary shall be the chairperson of this Committee. 4.3.11 DUTIES OF THE RECREATION AND ENTERTAINMENT COMMITTEE (i) Be the custodians of communication related to recreation and entertainment events previously held or to be held in the University. (ii) Organize and host forms of entertainment approved by the Student Governing Council and appropriate to members of the Organization. (iii) Ensure that there is orderliness during any entertainment event organized or hosted by this committee. (iv) Ensure that the Organization's and University's property is protected from damage during entertainment events organized by or hosted by the committee. Page 23 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (v) Keep and maintain all entertainment equipment belonging to the Organization. (vi) Maintain an exhaustive inventory on all entertainment equipment belonging to the Organization. (vii) Submit all financial proceeds accruing from hosting entertainment events to the Finance Secretary accompanied by financial documents in support thereof. Such documents used for transactions should be endorsed by the Finance Committee. (viii) Prepare a financial sheet within the first two (2) weeks of every semester showing the expenditure on entertainment events held the previous semester as well as returns from the same events. The financial sheet shall also indicate the amount of money deposited with the Finance Secretary. (ix) Collect from members of the Organization recommendations or complaints regarding entertainment within the University. (x) Submit a schedule to the Student Governing Council two (2) weeks after being sworn in on entertainment events it plans to host. (xi) Be the main Consultative Organ to the Student Governing Council on any matter related directly or indirectly to entertainment of members of the Organization. (xii) Be directly answerable to the Student Governing Council on any matter directly or indirectly related to entertainment of members of the Organization. VI ACADEMIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE 4.3.12 MEMBERSHIP The membership of this Committee shall be; (i) Academic Affairs Secretary (ii) Faculty, Schools', Institutes' Representatives (iii) Departmental Representatives Page 24 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 The Academic Affairs Secretary shall be the Chairperson of this Committee. 4.3.13 DUTIES OF THE ACADEMIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE (i) Maintain all records on Academic Affairs of members of the Organization made by this Committee before its tenure and during its tenure. (ii) Receive recommendations and complaints from members of the Organization. (iii) Report any form of academic discrimination within the University to the University administration and receive and investigate any such complaints made by members of the Organization. (iv) Ensure that no member of the Organization suffers any form of academic harassment for failure to respond to sexual advances or any form of corrupt advances made to any member of the Organization. (v) Organize a Public Lecture, seminar, exhibition or congress in consultation with the University at least once every academic semester for members of the Organization. (vi) Ensure that academic facilities and services provided by the department are easily accessible by members of the Organization. (vii) Avail to all members of the Organization the academic programmes of the University four (4) weeks before the end of each semester, with a reminder one week before the end of each semester. (viii) Facilitate the orientation of new members of the Organization in the University. (ix) Enhance civic education on student related University policy, provide information on procedures and regulations on academic matters and the Constitution of the Organization. (x) Maintain cordial relationships with the Chairpersons of Departments, Deans and Directors of academic programmes, academic advisors and academic staff. (xi) Be the main Consultative Organ to the Student Governing Council on any matter directly or indirectly related to the academic affairs of members of the Organization. Page 25 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (xii) Be directly answerable to the Student Governing Council on any matter directly or indirectly related to the academic affairs of members of the Organization. (xiii) Monitoring the implementation of curriculum by lecturers in liaison with the Chairman of Department. VII (xiv) Attendance and participation in departmental and school board meetings. (xv) Monitor the attendance of lessons through respective class representatives SOCIAL WELFARE AND ETHICS COMMITTEE 4.3.14 MEMBERSHIP The membership of this Committee shall be:(i) Vice Chairperson (ii) Three (3) members elected from the Student Governing Council one of whom shall be a special needs representative (iii) Six (6) members co-opted from Religious groups and social clubs The vice chairperson of the Organization shall be the Chairperson of this committee. 4.3.15 DUTIES OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE AND ETHICS COMMITTEE (i) Receive information on ethical and unethical conduct of members of the Organization and University staff. (ii) Resolve conflicts through arbitration and promote peace and harmony in the University in line with the University core values. (iii) Recommend to the Student Governing Council proposed penalties and ways of upholding good conduct and ethics for members of the Organization. Page 26 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (iv) Identify and consider financially needy cases within the student population for consideration for financial assistance from the social welfare kitty. (v) Identify students with special needs and advise the Student Governing Council on how they can be supported. (vi) The committee shall be responsible for mobilization of resources towards the social welfare kitty. (vii) Be the main Consultative Organ to the Student Governing Council on any matter directly or indirectly related to the conduct and ethics of members of the Organization. (viii) Be responsible for decisions made thereof by the Committee. ARTICLE V CAMPUS COUNCILS 5.0 CAMPUS COUNCILS The Campus Council officials who shall be elected at the campus level are as follows; (i) Chairperson + campus name (ii) Vice Chairperson + campus name (iii) Secretary General + campus name (iv) Finance Secretary + campus name (v) External Affairs Secretary + campus name (vi) Sports and Games Activities Secretary + campus name (vii) Catering and Accommodation Secretary + campus name (viii) Recreation and Entertainment Secretary + campus name (ix) Academic Affairs Secretary + campus name 5.1 DUTIES OF ELECTED CAMPUS OFFICIALS (i) The Chairperson, vice chairperson and the Secretary General shall be the campus representatives at the Executive committee. Page 27 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (ii) The Duties and responsibilities of the campus officials shall be similar to those of the officials of the Student governing council, save that the duties shall be limited to their respective campus only. 5.2 CAMPUS COMMITTEES Each Campus shall have the following Committees; (a) Finance Committee (b) External Affairs Committee (c) Sports and Games Activities Committee (d) Catering and Accommodation Committee (e) Recreation and Entertainment Committee (f) Academic Affairs Committee (g) Social Welfare and Ethics Committee 5.3 DUTIES OF CAMPUS COMMITTEES The Duties and responsibilities of the campus committees shall be similar to those of the committees of the Student governing Council, save that the duties will be limited to their respective campuses only. 5.4 ELECTION OF THE CAMPUS COUNCILS (i) Campus officials of the organization shall be elected annually by JKUSO members within their respective branches within the first four (4) weeks of the 2nd semester. (ii) Every member of the organization is eligible to contest. 5.5 QUALIFICATION FOR CANDIDACY Members who present themselves for election shall:(i) Be fully paid up members of the organization and have cleared all University fees. (ii) Not have history of mental illness. Page 28 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (iii) Must be good role models academically (average C and above in the past examination.) and have never sat for a supplementary examination. (iv) Must be in possession of certificate of good conduct from police or from their previous high/secondary schools. (v) Be of good conduct, and shall have not had an in-disciplinary record or have pending disciplinary case. (vi) Must not have been associated with drug abuse and drug peddlers, including excessive use of alcohol. (vii) Be of good standing in the society. (viii) Be able to serve on the Student governing Council for a period not less than twelve (12) months. ARTICLE VI NOMINATION AND ELECTION PROCESS 6.0 NOMINATION PROCEDURE (i) A member may only contest for one post; thus, he/she can only be nominated for one post. (ii) Nomination for Executive posts should be at least 2% of the total JKUSO Campus membership, while nomination for other Campus Council posts should be at least 1% of the total JKUSO membership. The nominations for each proposed candidate must include the full names, respective registration number and signatures of the proposers as they appear on their University Identity cards. (iii) Nominations should be submitted at least two (2) weeks before the date of elections after paying an agreed refundable fee for removal of posters. (iv) The names of all running candidates shall be put up on University notice boards by the Chief Returning Officer, after the nominations are complete. (v) The Chief Returning Officer shall prepare and post on notice boards a statement showing the names of persons who have been disqualified, as provided in this constitution giving reasons for any such disqualification. (vi) Where no candidate meets the nomination criterion, the Chief Returning officer shall extend the nomination period. Page 29 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (vii) Once the election date is announced the outgoing officials shall carry their day to day administrative activities in a Caretaker capacity until the new Council is formed. (viii) Nine members of the Campus Council shall be elected at representation Unit level by simple majority of voters. (ix) A candidate may withdraw his/her candidature by notice of withdrawal signed by him/her and handed at the place designated for the delivery of nomination papers not less than forty eight (48) hours before the election, made public and signed by the Chief Returning Officer not less than forty eight (48) hours before the election. (x) The Chief Returning Officer shall post notice of the poll on notice boards and also arrange for preparation of the voters register, ballot papers and use of rooms, halls or stations and for a Returning Officer to be present at every polling station. (xi) Appeal against disqualification shall be filed within forty-eight (48) hours before an Election Appeal Committee that shall comprise the Chief Returning Officer and Electoral Commission. 6.1 ELECTION PROCEDURE (i) All JKUSO elections shall be by secret ballots, simple majority system, on the principle of one-person-one-vote. No one shall be allowed to vote by proxy or by mail. (ii) The Dean of Students shall be the supervisor of elections and will be the Chief Returning Officer. (iii) The Chief Returning Officer shall supervise the elections with the help of Returning Officers, who will constitute the Electoral Commission. (iv) Elections shall be conducted at designated rooms and halls of the University. (v) The campaign period shall be two (2) weeks. (vi) Unopposed positions shall not be included on the ballot paper. Page 30 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (vii) Candidates may request a recount, but not more than 3 times and in not more than 24 hours. An Appeal Committee comprising the Electoral Commission will consider appeals. Their decisions will be binding and conclusive. (viii) For the purposes of these elections provided as per this Constitution, the electoral roll shall be the University nominal roll. (ix) The Chief Returning Officer, the returning officers and agents of candidates and their chief agents will be present during the counting of ballots. 6.2 GROUNDS FOR DISQUALIFICATION Candidates shall be disqualified if: (I) There is evidence of sponsorship by the University Administration or any other person who is not a student of JKUAT. (ii) After nomination, if the candidate incites other students to use violence, threaten or ridicule any member of staff or students. (iii) Campaigners continue with the campaign when a member of the Electoral Commission or a candidate has the floor. 6.3 PROCEDURE FOR APPOINTING ELECTORAL COMMISSION (i) Five persons chosen from among leaders of students’ religious /Clubs/Societies shall constitute the Electoral Commission. (ii) Of these five, three will be appointed from religious Associations and the other two will be drawn from leaders of recognized clubs or societies. (iii) The Electoral Commission shall comprise membership embracing Faculties/Schools/regional background of the University body. (iv) The Chaplain shall receive the three (3) nominees from the religious Associations in (ii) above and submit them to the Chief Returning Officer. Page 31 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (v) The Students' Counselor shall receive the two (2) nominees from the recognized clubs or societies in (ii) above and submit them to the Chief Returning Officer. (vi) The Chief Returning Officer shall appoint the nominees and publish their names to all members of the Organization. 6.4 ROLE OF ELECTORAL COMMISSION The Electoral Commission shall; 6.5 (i) Maintain order during campaign rallies, polling, and counting of ballots. (ii) Form Appeal Committees in the event of contention of election results. (iii) Provide necessary and relevant information to contestants. (iv) Do adequate advertising for campaign rallies as deemed necessary. (v) Shall oversee the nomination procedure. ELECTION RESULTS The Chief Returning Officer shall announce the results of elections on completion of counting the ballot papers to the candidates present and shall order a recount if so requested by any candidates. (ii) Any decision as to what shall be designated as spoiled papers shall be taken by the Chief Returning Officer together with the members of the Electoral Commission whose decision shall be final. (iii) The Chief Returning Officer shall announce the results of the elections as soon as possible after counting the ballot papers. These shall be posted on the University notice boards. (iv) Disputes arising from the election shall be forwarded in writing to the Chief Returning Officer within 24 hours after the announcement of the winners. (v) The Chief Returning Officer together with the Electoral Commission shall determine the validity of the appeals, decide whether the election should be Page 32 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 nullified and announce a by-election to be held within 48 hours of the general elections. (vi) Accepted results shall be endorsed by the candidates and the Chief Agents. (vii) In case of a vote tie, there shall be a re-run within reasonable time. 6.6 ELECTION APPEALS COMMITTEE The Election Appeals Committee shall be composed of: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) The Chief Returning Officer. The Chairperson of the Electoral Commission. The Chief agent of the candidate(s) concerned. Three other electoral commissioners. The Election Appeals Committee shall have such powers and duties as may be provided herein and in particular shall: (i) Receive written petitions against the results which shall be raised within 24 hours of the election results being announced. (ii) Hear oral and written evidence on the petition. (iii) Uphold or nullify the election results as may be deemed fit by it, in consultation with Chief Returning Officer within four (4) days and notify the student community of its resolution as soon as possible. (iv) 6.7 Dissolve after new office holders have been inaugurated. BY-ELECTION (i) In the event that a position falls vacant for any reason, the vacancy will be announced by the Student Governing Council through the University/Campus notice boards, stating the reason for the vacancy. This is to be followed by a full Student Governing Council meeting to discuss the vacancy. Page 33 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (ii) A By-election will be held within 2 weeks of a vacancy due to any relevant reason, any time but at least one (1) month before the end of the 1st semester. (iii) 6.8 The rules laid down for the General Election shall govern the by-election. HANDING OVER PROCESS A meeting within one (1) week after the swearing-in ceremony shall be held by the full outgoing Student Governing or Campus Council and the full incoming Student Governing or Campus Council for purposes of formal handing over. Information seen to raise potentially controversial issues shall be recorded in writing and signed by both incoming and outgoing candidates. Such information or issues shall be placed on the notice board within 2 weeks of the new Council being in office. 6.9 VOTE OF NO CONFIDENCE (i) In the event of misconduct, a vote of no confidence shall be proposed by members of the Student Governing or respective Campus Council and will be subject to confirmation by two-thirds (2/3) of the Student Governing or respective Campus Council or will be proposed by any member of JKUSO and the motion signed by at least 2/3 of total bonafide JKUSO members. (ii) A motion for such a vote shall be circulated to all members of the Student Governing or respective Campus Council within ten (10) days of the intent. A meeting of the Student Governing or respective Campus Council will be held within seven (7) days after filing of the motion. (iii) The said motion must be served to the official(s) affected. (iv) The affected official(s) shall have the right to defend against such removal within three (3) days of being served with the motion. (v) The Dean of Students shall conduct a referendum within Seven (7) days giving all ordinary members entitlement to vote on the motion. Page 34 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 ARTICLE VII RESIGNATION AND SUSPENSION FROM OFFICE 7.0 RESIGNATION AND SUSPENSION FROM OFFICE (i) Any official of the Organization shall hand in his/her written notice of intent to resign, one week before resignation to the Secretary General and the Dean of Students. Such a letter shall also be copied to all Student Governing Council members. At the expiry of the seven (7) days notice, she/he shall also publish a notice to this effect on the University notice board. (ii) Replacement of such an official will depend on the time of resignation. The official will be replaced if a period of more than one (1) month is left to the end of the 1st semester or if in the 2nd semester after elections are to be held as provided for in the Constitution, otherwise no by-elections shall held. The position(s) will remain vacant if a period of less than one (1) month is left, or such it is in the 2nd semester before elections. (iii) The Secretary General can resign by submitting a written notice to the Chairperson. The same procedure as for the other officials will be followed. (v) Any official of the Organization can be suspended by the Student Governing Council and shall receive such notice of suspension as outlined above and the same procedure as for resignation shall apply. Such suspension shall be for a period of not more than two months. ARTICLE VIII DISSOLUTION 8.0 NORMAL DISSOLUTION (i) The Student Governing Council and Campus Councils shall be dissolved automatically as soon as the election date for the next year’s Student Governing Council or Campus Councils is announced. However, the Council members will continue to perform their day to day activities in a caretaker capacity. Page 35 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (ii) New elections shall be held as provided for in this Constitution. 8.1 DISSOLUTION THROUGH VOTE OF NO CONFIDENCE (i) An elected official’s constituents shall have the right to recall an official. A voteof-no confidence may be initiated through a precisely stated petition bearing the names, class year, and the signatures of at least two thirds (2/3) of the members of the Organization. (ii) The petition shall be handed to the Dean of Students within a period of two (2) weeks of intended date of oust. The Dean of Students shall investigate the allegations and may call a General Meeting of the students to discuss the petition. (iii) At the meeting, the points of view of both the electorate and the Student Governing Council or Campus Council member concerned shall be held before a vote of no confidence is taken. (iv) (v) The electorate shall then vote on the petition. The Student Governing Council or Campus Council shall then be dissolved by a resolution passed at a general meeting of members by a vote of two-thirds (2/3) of the members present (vi) The quorum at the meeting shall be as for a General Meeting. If no quorum is obtained, the proposal to dissolve the Council shall be resubmitted, to a further General Meeting which shall be held three weeks later. Notice of this meeting shall be given to all members of the Organization at least fourteen (14) days before the date of the meeting. The quorum for this second meeting shall be not less than a third of all the members. If the quorum is not realized, the matter shall be resubmitted to a further General Meeting which shall be held three weeks later. Notice of this meeting shall be given to all members of the Organization at least fourteen (14) days before the date of the meeting. The quorum for this third meeting shall be the number of members present. (vii) On dissolution of the Student Governing council or Campus Council, the members shall then elect a stand-by Executive to take care of the students affairs until a new Student Governing Council or Campus Council is elected into office. Page 36 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 ARTICLE IX FUNDS 9.0 ORGANIZATION FUNDS The funds of the organization shall comprise of(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Subscription from members; Donations, gifts and grants; Such monies or assets as may accrue to or vest in the organization in the course of the exercise of its powers or the performance of its functions under this Constitution; and All monies from any other sources provided for or lent to the Organization. The funds of the organization may be used for the following purposes(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) Recurrent expenses; Capital development; Operations and maintenance costs; and To facilitate furtherance of the Organizations objects. Each student shall pay an annual subscription fee to be determined by the Student Governing Council or Campus Council in consultation with the Vice- Chancellor. (ii) The student fund account shall be in the custody of the University Finance Officer. (iii) Withdrawal from the students’ funds shall be made only against the joint signatures of all the four signatories. (iv) Requisition of any money shall be submitted to the finance office through the Dean of Students. (v) Administration of such funds shall be carried out by the Finance Secretary in consultation with the Finance Committee, on behalf of the Main Council. (vi) All financial records shall be kept by the Finance Secretary. (vii) Individual clubs and societies may be given financial subsidy if deemed necessary. Such subsidy will depend on the need and shall be approved by the Finance Committee in consultation with the Executive. Page 37 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (viii) The maximum expenditure from the fund for each academic year shall not exceed the total revenue for that year. (ix) Any funds raised from students' activities organized by the Student Governing Council shall be reverted to JKUSO account, and appropriate entries must be made in the JKUSO books of accounts, by the Finance Secretary, to indicate such revenue. (x) The Finance Secretary shall submit an up-to-date statement of accounts and reports, indicating income and expenditure for each academic semester for approval and publication at every 6th and 12th week of every academic semester. (xi) The Finance Secretary shall ensure that all books of accounts are submitted to three (3) external auditors, approved by the Student Governing Council, at the end of every academic semester for audit purposes. (xii) The Finance Secretary shall ensure that all books of accounts are made available to any of the members of the Finance Committee, provided that a written notice has been given seven (7) days in advance for inspection purposes. (xiii) The Finance Secretary shall ensure that all books of accounts are made available for inspection by the appointed auditors’ at all reasonable times, provided that a written notice has been given seven (7) days in advance. (xiv) The Students Governing Council shall appoint three (3) qualified persons, as External Auditors for all JKUSO books of accounts. (xv) Thirty five percent (35%) of the total subscription fees from all Campus members of the Organization shall be paid to the Student Governing Council for administrative purposes. Sixty five percent (65%) shall remain with the respective Campus Councils for their own administrative needs. 9.1 REMUNERATION AND ALLOWANCES OF COUNCIL MEMBERS REMUNERATION Page 38 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 (i) The payments of allowances of the nine (9) organization officials of the Executive Committee shall be determined by the Finance Committee of the Student Governing Council. (ii) All other council officials other than those mentioned in (i) above, shall be paid their allowances from the respective campus kitties. Nominated members shall be paid from their respective Campuses. (iii) (iv) The salaries and sitting allowances payable will be reviewed from time to time subject to availability of funds. (v) Other allowances such as travel and entertainment shall be determined by the Executive Committee in consultation with the Office of the Dean of Students. ARTICLE X AMENDMENTS 10.0 AMENDMENTS Amendments to this Constitution may be proposed by two methods; (i) Such a proposal shall not be considered unless it has been seconded and supported by at least 30% of the total student populations and 2 weeks in advance. The proposed amendment should also be submitted in writing to the Executive Committee who shall submit such amendments to The Student Governing Council for debate to be later presented at a General Meeting. (ii) Amendment shall only be adopted if such a proposal is supported by 65% of the total JKUSO members. This amendment shall invalidate any provision inconsistent with it. (iii) A member of Council may move to amend the Constitution, if decided on and backed by at least two thirds (2/3) of the Student governing Council on the Special General Meeting to be called, at which 65% of total student population should approve and adopt and or reject the proposal. Page 39 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009 ARTICLE XI INTERPRETATION That this Constitution shall be read and construed in accordance with the Laws of Kenya. Page 40 of 40 JKUSO Constitution 2009