AP US History –
Chapter 17: Industrial Supremacy
Objectives:
1. The reasons for the rapid industrial development of the United States in the late nineteenth
century.
2. The specific impact of technological innovations in promoting industrial expansion.
3. The role of the individual entrepreneur in the development of particular industries.
4. The changes that were taking place in the organization and management of American
business.
5. The ways in which classical economics and certain ideas of Darwin were used to justify
and defend the new industrial capitalism.
6. The conditions of immigrants, women, and children in the work force.
7. The several efforts of organized labor to reform national associations.
8. The reasons that organized labor generally failed in its efforts to achieve its objectives.
Main Themes:
1. How various factors (raw materials, labor supply, technology, business organization,
growing markets, and friendly governments) combined to thrust the United States into
worldwide industrial leadership.
2. How American workers, who on the average benefitted, reacted to the physical and
psychological realities of the new economic order.
Terms:
1.Monopoly
13. Frederick Winslow Taylor
2. Patent
14. Cornelius Vanderbilt
3. Capitalism
15. J.P. Morgan
4. Law of Supply and Demand
16. Standard Time
5. Socialism
17. “Invisible hand”
6. Marxism
18. Socialist Labor Party/American
7. Adam Smith
Socialist Party
8. Alexander Graham Bell
19. National Labor Union
9. Thomas A. Edison
20. Samuel Gompers
10. Bessemer Process
21. Eugene V. Debs
11. Henry Ford
22. Women’s Trade Union League
12. Wilbur and Orville Wright
Summary:
Although some economists place the industrial “take-off” of America in the years before the Civil
War, it was in the three decades following that great conflict that the United States became the
world’s leading industrial power. A fortunate combination of sufficient raw materials, adequate
labor, enviable technological accomplishments, effective business and entrepreneurial leadership,
nationwide markets, and supportive state and national governments boosted America past its
international rivals. The industrial transformation had a profound impact on the lives of the millions
of workers who made the production revolution possible. Some who were distrustful of industrial
power turned toward socialism; others tried to organize workers into powerful unions. But in these
early years of industrial conflict, the forces of business usually triumphed.
AP US History –
Chapter 18: The Age of the City
Objectives:
1.
The changes in the pattern of immigration in the late nineteenth century.
2.
The early rise of mass consumption and its impact on American life, especially for
women.
3.
The changes in leisure and entertainment and the growth of mass-culture opportunities
including organized sports, vaudeville, movies, and other activities.
4.
The main trends in literature and art during the late nineteenth and early twentieth
century.
5.
The impact of the Darwinian theory of evolution on the intellectual life of America.
6.
The profound new developments in American educational opportunities.
Terms:
1.Immigrant ghettoes
9. Scott Joplin
2. Reform Judaism
10. William Randolph Hearst
3. “Streetcar Suburbs”
11. “Yellow Journalism”
4. William M. Tweed
12. “Land-grant” College
5. Sear Roebuck
6. George M. Cohan
7. Irving Berlin
8. Vaudeville
Summary:
In the years after the Civil War, America’s cities boomed as people left the rural areas of Europe and
the United States to seek the jobs abd other attractions offered by American cities. The cities’ rapid
growth caused many problems in housing, transportation, and health. Technological attacks on these
problems barely kept pace, and city governments often resorted to boss rule to cope. The booming
cities were places of intellectual ferment and cultural change. Urban dwellers found many ways to
enjoy increased leisure time. Many Americans wanted to prove to skeptical Europeans that the nation
had cultural as well as economic accomplishments to admire. American culture became more
uniform through free public education, mass-market journalism, and standardized sports. Higher
education, especially new state universities, reached out to a wider market. More and more women
attended in coeducational and single sex institutions.