Colegio Madre Mª Rosa Molas
Unidad 3 Energy (3º ESO)
EL ADJETIVO
El adjetivo califica al nombre. En inglés, se coloca siempre delante del nombre. No tiene plural. En inglés se
hace la distinción entre adjetivos cortos y adjetivos largos.
1) ¿Cuáles son los adjetivos cortos?
- los monosílabos: old, fast.
- Los bisílabos terminados en -y: happy, easy
2) ¿Cuáles son los adjetivos largos?
- los bisílabos no terminados en -y: modern, pleasant.
- Todos los adjetivos de tres o más sílabas: expensive, intellectual
ADJETIVOS COMPARATIVOS
a) ¿Qué es la comparación? Cuando hablamos de dos cosas, podemos compararlas. Podemos ver si son
iguales o diferentes. Tal vez son iguales en algunos aspectos y diferentes en otros.
Podemos utilizar los adjetivos comparativos de igualdad, inferioridad y superioridad para
describir esas diferencias o igualdades.
Los adjetivos comparativos sólo se pueden utilizar cuando hablamos de 2 cosas (no de 3 ò 10 ò
10.000.000).
b) ¿Cómo se forma el comparativo de superioridad?
Hay dos maneras:
- Utilizando more si el adjetivo es largo. More expensive, more intellectual.
- añadiendo -er si el adjetivo es corto. Older, faster. Sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta:
1) si el adjetivo termina -e, sólo se añade -r: late later.
2) Si el adjetivo es monosílabo y termina en consonante+vocal+consonante, la última consonante se
duplica. Big bigger
3) Si el adjetivo termina en -y, cambia la -y por -i y añade -er. Happy happier
4) Algunos adjetivos bisílabos, pueden utilizar -er o more:
Quiet > quieter/ more quiet
Clever> cleverer/ more clever
Narrow> narrower/ more narrow
Simple> simpler/ more simple
5) Los siguientes adjetivos tienen formas irregulares:
Good>better
Well (healthy)> better
Bad> worse
Far> farther/ further
A menudo, los adjetivos comparativos de superiodidad van seguidos de than.
Mira los siguientes ejemplos:
John is 1m80. He is tall. But Chris is 1m85. He is taller than John.
America is big. But Russia is bigger.
I want to have a more powerful computer.
Is French more difficult than English?
Colegio Madre Mª Rosa Molas
Unidad 3 Energy (3º ESO)
c) Older/ elder
Las formas habituales del comparativo y el superlativo de old son older y the oldest:
My brother is older than me.
The cathedral is the oldest building in the city.
Comparando las edades de la gente, especialmente de los miembros de una familia, elder y eldest son a
menudo utilizados como adjetivos y pronombres. No pueden ser utilizadas con “than” y como adjetivos
pueden sólo ser utilizados antes del nombre.
My elder sister lives in Canada.
He was the elder of her two sons.
I’m the eldest in the family.
Further/ farther
Further es ahora más común que farther en inglés británico. Ambos pueden ser utilizados en relación a la
distancia.
I can throw much further/ farther than you.
Bristol is further/ farther than Oxford.
En inglés americano farther es normalmente uilizado en relación a la distancia. En inglés británico y
americano sólo further puede ser utilizado para indicar adición (=suma):
Are there any further questions?
A College of Further Education
d) ¿Cómo se forman el comparativo de igualdad?
Tanto los adjetivos cortos como los adjetivos largos forman el comparativo de igualdad utilizando
"as...as" (=tan ... como)
Tom is as old as he looks
This skirt is as expensive as those trousers.
Utilizamos the same as = el mismo que
Ann’s salary is the same as mine.
Ann gets the same salary as me.
e) ¿Cómo se forma el comparativo de inferioridad?
Los adjetivos cortos forman el comparativo de inferioridad con la expresión "not as...as" (=no
tan...como).
Tom isn't as old as he looks.
También podemos utilizar la expresión “not so ...as”
It isn’t warm but it isn’t so cold as yesterday.
Los adjetivos largos forman el grado comparativo de inferioridad con la palabra less.
His new book is less interesting than his last book.
Se utiliza la palabra than tras el comparativo de inferioridad less si hay segundo elemento de la
comparación.
También podemos utilizar las expresiones “not as...as” y “not so ... as”.
The city centre wasn’t as crowded as usual.
The city centre wasn’t so crowded as usual.
f) Después de than/as se dice me/ him/ her/ us/ them cuando no hay verbo.
You are taller than I am.
You are taller than me.
Colegio Madre Mª Rosa Molas
Unidad 3 Energy (3º ESO)
A. Write the correct comparative for these sentences.
1. The Mississippi is longer than the Thames. (long)
2. This hotel is more comfortable than the other one. (comfortable)
3. I think this shop is ___________________________that one. (good)
4. The restaurant is ____________________________the café. (expensive)
5. Simon is ______________________________Mark. (old)
6. I think Scotland is ________________________________England. (beautiful)
7. My brother is ______________________________I am. (young)
8. I like this school because it’s ___________________________the other one. (big)
9. Accommodation here is ___________________________than in my country. (expensive)
10. The weather here is ________________________at home. (cold)
11. I think you’re _______________________ your father now. (tall)
12. His homework was _____________________________mine. (bad)
13. This film is ______________________________the one you wanted to see. (interesting)
14. The journey is __________________________I thought. (long)
15. This lesson is ___________________________the last one. (difficult)
B. Write the comparative of the words given to complete the sentences. Add than where
necessary.
1. He is more helpful than he used to be. (helpful)
2. You seem _________________________you were yesterday. (happy)
3. We need ________________________actors for this film. (young)
4. I think that the new salesman is _____________________________the last one. (honest)
5. This road is ____________________and _____________________the other one. (long/ dangerous)
6. Is the new car _________________________the old one? (expensive)
7. This system is _________________________the last one we had. (easy)
8. People here are _____________________________they are at home. (polite)
9. The city is ___________________________it used to be. (crowded)
10. She was feeling _______________________she had been earlier. (miserable)
11. Computers are __________________________nowadays. (complicated)
12. I think trains are _____________________and _____________________cars. (fast/ comfortable)
13. We will have to think of a ____________________________method. (good)
14. I’m beginning to feel ______________________________about the results.
15. Her new job is a lot ________________________the last one. (stressful).
16. My new dictionary is a lot ___________________the last one. (useful)
17. These trousers are too wide. Do you have any that are __________________? (narrow)
18. The film got _________________ and _______________until I fell asleep! (boring)
19. I think that people who live in villages are ________________people in big cities. (friendly)
20. It was slowly getting ______________ and ______________. (hot)
21. Peter gets ___________________ and _____________________all the time. (selfish)
22. My chair was getting ____________________ and _________________(uncomfortable)
23. The man was getting __________________and __________________(angry)
24. She seems to be getting _________________and _________________(thin)
C. Complete these sentences, using the following adjectives:
boring/ comfortable/ dangerous/ deep/ difficult/ hot/ independent/ old/ relaxing/ valuable.
1. This summer is not as hot as last summer.
2. I hope his new book is not as boring as his last one.
3. She was afraid of flying, but I told her it’s not as ______________________as travelling by car.
4. Don’t worry. The river isn’t as ______________________as it looks.
Colegio Madre Mª Rosa Molas
Unidad 3 Energy (3º ESO)
Silver isn’t as ___________________as gold.
Dogs aren’t as __________________as cats.
Our new car is very fast, but it’s not as ______________________as the old one.
Do you think French is as _________________________to learn as English?
Were you really born in 1980? I didn’t realise you were as ___________________as me.
10. For me, lying on the beach is not as _________________________as walking in the mountains.
5.
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D. Complete the sentences using a comparative form (older/ more important etc.)
1. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere quieter?
2. This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit ___________
3. The hotel was surprisingly big. I expected it to be ___________________
4. The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be _________________
5. The weather is too cold in this country. I’d like to live somewhere ___________
6. My job is a bit boring sometimes. I’d like to do something _____________
7. I was surprised how easy it was to use the computer. I thought it would be _____
8. Your work isn’t very good. I’m sure you can do ______________________
9. Don’t worry. The situation isn’t so bad. It could be _____________________
10. I was surprised we got here so quickly. I expected the journey to take ________
11. You’re talking very loudly. Can you speak a bit ______________________?
12. You hardly ever phone me. Why don’t you phone me ____________________?
13. You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit ________________away?
14. You were a bit depressed yesterday but you look ____________________today?
E. Write sentences using the same as.
1. Sally and Kate are both 22 years old. Sally is the same age as Kate.
2. You and I both have dark brown hair. Your hair _____________________
3. I arrived at 10.25 and so did you. I __________________________
4. My birthday is 5 April. Tom’s birthday is 5 April too. My ________________
F. Complete the sentences with than... or as...
1. I can’t reach as high as you. You are taller than me.
2. He doesn’t know much. I know more _________________.
3. I don’t work particularly hard. Most people work as hard _______________.
4. We were very surprised. Nobody was more surprised _______________.
5. She’s not as very good player. I’m a better player __________________.
6. They’ve been very lucky. I wish we were as lucky __________________.
G. Complete the sentences using as...as.
1. I´m quite tall but you are taller. I’m not as tall as you.
2. My salary is high but yours is higher. My salary isn’t _______________
3. You know a bit about cars but I know more. You don’t ______________
4. It’s still cold but it was colder yesterday. It isn’t ___________________
5. I still feel a bit tired but I felt a lot more tired yesterday. I don’t _________
6. They’ve lived here for quite a long time but we’ve lived here longer. They haven’t _____
7. I was a bit nervous before the interview but usually I´m a lot more nervous. I wasn’t ___________
H. Rewrite these sentences so that they have the same meaning.
1. Jack is younger than he looks. Jack isn’t as old as he looks.
2. I didn’t spend as much money as you. You spent more money than me.
3. The station was nearer than I thought. The station wasn’t _________________
4. The meal didn’t cost as much as I expected. The meal ____________________
Colegio Madre Mª Rosa Molas
Unidad 3 Energy (3º ESO)
5.
6.
7.
8.
I go out less than I used to. I don’t _________________________
Her hair isn’t as long as it used to be. She used to ______________________
I know them better than you do. You don’t ____________________________
There were fewer people at this meeting than at the last one. There weren’t _______
Colegio Madre Mª Rosa Molas
Unidad 3 Energy (3º ESO)
ADJETIVOS SUPERLATIVOS
a) ¿Qué es el superlativo?
La comparación es entre 2 cosas: A is bigger than B. El superlativo es el extremo entre 3 o más cosas:
A is the biggest.
Podemos utilizar los adjetivos superlativos de inferioridad y superioridad para describir esos
extremos.
b) ¿Cómo se forma el superlativo de superioridad?
Hay dos maneras:
- Utilizando most si el adjetivo es largo. The most expensive, the most intellectual.
- añadiendo -est si el adjetivo es corto. The oldest, the fastest. Sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta:
1) si el adjetivo termina -e, sólo se añade -st: late The latest.
2) Si el adjetivo es monosílabo y termina en consonante+vocal+consonante, la última consonante se
duplica. Big The biggest
3) Si el adjetivo termina en -y, cambia la -y por -i y añade -est. Happy the happiest
4) Algunos adjetivos bisílabos, pueden utilizar -est o most:
Quiet > the quietest/ the most quiet
Clever> the cleverest/ the most clever
Narrow> the narrowest/ the most narrow
Simple> the simplest/ the most simple
5) Los siguientes adjetivos tienen formas irregulares:
Good>the best
Bad> the worst
Far> the furthest
Los adjetivos superlativos de superioridad van precedidos de the.
Mira los siguientes ejemplos:
John is 1m75. Peter is 1m80. Chris is 1m85. Chris is the tallest.
America, China and Russia are big countries. But Russia is the biggest.
Mount Everest is the biggest mountain in the world..
c) ¿Cómo se forma el superlativo de inferioridad?
Los adjetivos largos utilizan the least.
John is the least intelligent.
The least expensive of the three.
Los adjetivos cortos utilizan un antónimo y el superlativo de superioridad.
He is the weakest in the class.
Los adjetivos superlativos de inferioridad van también precedidos de the.
d) Después de los superlativos utilizamos in con lugares (ciudades, edificios, etc.)
What is the longest river in the world?
We had a lovely room. It was the nicest room in the hotel.
También utilizamos in para organizaciones y grupos de personas (clases, compañías, equipos, etc.)
Who is the best student in the class?
Normalmente utilizamos of para un período de tiempo.
What was the happiest day of your life?
Yesterday was the hottest day of the year?
Colegio Madre Mª Rosa Molas
Unidad 3 Energy (3º ESO)
A. Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (-est or most...) + a preposition.
1. It´s a very nice room. It is the nicest room in the hotel.
2. It´s a very cheap restaurant. It’s __________________________the town.
3. It was a very happy day. It was __________________________my life.
4. She’s a very intelligent student. She ______________________the class.
5. It’s a very valuable painting. It _________________________the gallery.
6. Spring is a very busy time for me. It ______________________the year.
In the following sentences use one of + a superlative + a preposition.
7. It’s a very nice room. It is one of the nicest room in the hotel.
8. He’s a very rich man. He’s one _____________________________the world.
9. It’s a very old castle. It ____________________________________Britain.
10. She’s a very good player. She ______________________________the team.
11. It was a very bad experience. It _____________________________my life.
12. He’s a very dangerous criminal. He __________________________the country.
B. Write the superlatives of the words given, using in or of where necessary.
1. This is the biggest building in the world. (big building)
2. This is _______________________________________here. (comfortable chair)
3. He bought _____________________________the shop. (expensive flowers)
4. I think she’s ___________________________the group. (good singer)
5. He’s _____________________________the company. (careful driver)
6. Who’s ______________________________the class? (old student)
7. It’s ______________________________I’ve ever seen. (bad film)
8. She’s ___________________________all the students. (intelligent)
9. It was ___________________________I had ever heard. (beautiful music)
10. He’s ___________________________all the assistants. (helpful)
11. He’s ___________________________his class. (young)
12. This is __________________________the world. (poor country)
13. She’s _____________________________I’ve ever met. (strange person)
14. I didn’t answer ______________________________questions. (difficult)
15. Peter is _____________________________them all.
C.
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Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (-est or most ....) or a comparative (-er or more ...)
We stayed at the cheapest hotel in the town. (cheap)
Our hotel was cheaper than all the others in the town (cheap).
The United States is very large but Canada is ________________(large).
What’s _________________river in hte world? (long)
He was a bit depressed yesterday but he looks ___________________today. (happy)
It was an awful day. It was _______________________day of my life. (bad)
What is _______________________sport in your country? (popular)
Everest is ____________________mountain in the world. It is ______________than any other mountain.
(high)
9. We had a great holiday. It was one of the ____________________holidays we’ve ever had. (enjoyable)
10. I prefer this chair to the other one. It’s ______________________(comfortable)
11. What’s ____________________way of getting from here to the station? (quick)
12. Mr and Mrs Brown have got three daughters. ___________________is 14 years old. (old)