Microbiology An Introduction 10e
Tortora, Funke and Case
Introductory Material Outlines
Chapter 1 (all)
Chapter 14 pp. 404-406
Chap. 20 Antimicrobial Drugs p. 553-554
Note: The following abbreviations are used to indicate objectives and questions
you need to know for the exams.
LO = Learning Objectives found at the beginning of text sections.
CYU = Check Your Understanding questions found at the end of text sections.
Q = Questions found under figures (Students should know all Q Questions of all
assigned figures and the associated material in the text).
Study Questions at the end of each chapter: (R = Review, MC = Multiple Choice,
CT = Critical Thinking, CA = Clinical Applications).
CM= Concept Map.
ARA = Active Reading Activity.
Chap. 1 The Microbial World and You
(all)
I. Microbes in Our Lives
LO/CYU: 1-1
A. Microbes: definition
B. Ex. of different kinds of microbes
C. Majority are ‘good’ (how?)
D. Commercial Applications (examples?)
E. Pathogenic-minority of microbes
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II. Naming and Classifying Microorganisms
LO/CYU: 1-2
Study Questions R6, MC1
A. Nomenclature: Genus specific epithet (species)
Staphylococcus aureus
B. Types of Microorganisms
LO/CYU: 1-3
Study Questions: R4
1. Bacteria
Prokaryotes
2. Archaea
3. Fungi
4. Protozoa
Eukaryotes
5. Algae
6. Multicellular Animal Parasites
7. Viruses
2
Fig. 1.1 p. 5
Types of Microorganisms
Fig. 1.6 p. 13 Parasitology:
Protozoa and Parasitic Worms
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C. Classification of Microorganisms
LO/CYU: 1-4
1. 1978 Carl Woese
2. Three Domain system of Classification:
A. Bacteria
B. Archaea
C. Eukarya
III. A Brief History of Microbiology
A. The First Observations
LO/CYU: 1-5
1. Hooke 1665 Cork “Cells”
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1673-1723 Living Microbes
B. The Debate over Spontaneous Generation
LO/CYU: 1-6
CYU 1-7
1. Francesco Redi’s experiments 1668
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2. Louis Pasteur 1861
Fig. 1.3 p. 9
Pasteur disproving the Theory of Spontaneous Generation
Study Questions: R1, R8, MC5
C. The Golden Age of Microbiology
1. Fermentation and Pasteurization
2. Germ Theory of Disease
a. Silkworms (Bassi -Fungus 1835, Pasteur -Protozoan 1865)
b. Joseph Lister 1867 Phenol on surgical wounds
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c. Robert Koch 1876 Anthrax in cattle
LO/CYU: 1-9
LO/CYU: 14-5
1. Read Chap. 14 Principles of Disease and
Epidemiology p. 404-406
2. The Etiology of Infectious Disease
Etiology: cause of a disease
3. Koch’s Postulates
Foundation Figure 14.3 p. 405 Steps of Koch’s Postulates-Used to determine the
identity of the specific disease causing organism
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Back to Chap. 1 The Microbial World and You
3. Vaccination
LO/CYU: 1-10
a. Small pox/ Cow pox vaccine Jenner 1796
b. Pasteur- fowl cholera, rabies
D. Modern Chemotherapy: Dreams of a Magic Bullet
LO/CYU: 1-11
1. First Synthetic Drugs
a. Paul Ehrlich 1910: Salvarsan (syphilis)
b. Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) 1930sGerman physician Gerhard Domagk
2. Antibiotics Alexander Fleming
Fig. 1.5 p. 12 The
discovery of
penicillin
See also Fig. 20.1 p. 554 Laboratory observation of antibiosis (Lab)
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3. Read Chap. 20 Antimicrobial Drugs p. 553-554
LO/CYU: 20-1, 20-2
a. Terms: Chemotherapy, Antimicrobial drugs, Selective
toxicity, Antibiotic resistance
b. History of Chemotherapy
 Paul Ehrlich’s Magic Bullet, Coined the term chemotherapy
 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin 1928 (technical definition of
antibiotic?)
 Sulfa drugs from dyes, used in WWII
 Florey & Chain – 1940 first penicillin clinical trials (good strain isolated
from a moldy cantaloupe in Peoria)
 More than half of the antibiotics are produced from Streptomyces, a
filamentous bacterium, and a few other bacteria. Some other antibiotics are
produced by molds (For example Penicillium and Cephalosporium).
Back to Chap. 1 The Microbial World and You
E. Modern Developments in Microbiology
LO/CYU: 1-12, 1-13
Fig. 1.1 p. 5
Fig. 1.6 p. 13
Types of Microorganisms
Parasitology
1. Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology
2. Genomics
3. Immunology
4. Virology
5. Recombinant DNA Technology
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IV. Microbes and Human Welfare
LO/CYU: 1-14
A. Recycling Vital Elements
B. Sewage Treatment
C. Bioremediation
D. Insect Pest Control
Example: Bt corn
E. Biotechnology
Example: Gene Therapy
V. Microbes and Human Disease
LO/CYU: 1-16, 1-17, 1-18
Study Questions MC 7, MC 8
Fig. 1.7 p. 18
Normal microbiota on the human tongue
Fig. 1.8 p. 19
Biofilm
Fig. 23.21 p. 659 Ebola hemorrhagic virus (EID)
A. Normal Microbiota
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B. Biofilms
C. Infectious Disease
D. Emerging Infectious Disease
Fig. 23.21 p. 659
EBOLA
Additional Study Questions: R1, R5 (d-f, I, j, m, n, p)
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