1. Employers should be allowed to conduct tests on workers to detect the presence of alcohol or drug.
2. The Canadian government should allocate more resources to solidify sovereignty claims to Arctic islands and establish claims over Arctic waters and ice.
3. Aboriginal sentencing circles adequately address a sense of community responsibility and individual autonomy.
4. The government should be allowed to investigate and keep a personal database on every person who flies into Canada.
5. Diplomatic Immunity is a necessary power given to diplomats.
6. Royal commissions, also known as public inquiries have a necessary place and are effective within the
Canadian political landscape.
7. Refugee laws in Canada have a positive effect on multiculturalism.
8. Intervenor status for some groups such as the Canadian Civil Liberties Association gives an important right for parties who want to change the law.
9. Judges should be sensitive to the social and cultural context within which a legal dispute arises.
10. Judges view the law differently depending on their gender.
11. The law itself already acts as a restraint on the power of the courts but it is still advantageous to have further restraints, such as AIDWYC. (Association in Defence of the Wrongfully Convicted)
12. “The 20 th Century saw the power of the provinces increase as they expanded their impact on Canadian society under the “property and civil rights” section of the BNA Act. In the 21 st century, the federal government’s control over international treaties will result in these treaties’ becoming the most important force in the lives of Canadians as we move closer to what Marshall McLuhan called the
“global village”.
13. Justice Rosalie Silberman of the Ontario Court of Appeal stated, “Twenty years from now a new generation of children will have grown up with the values of the Charter as moral tutors and the preeminence of rights as the core of their civic curriculum. That makes me feel very positive about the future, and at the same time, very lucky”.
14. The right to an adequate standard of living should be part of the human rights codes in Canada.
15. “The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has given too much protection to individual rights, and as a result has made effective law enforcement more difficult.”
16. The defence should be obligated to disclose physical evidence in its possession even if in doing so it might unnecessarily damage the case for the accused. Please include information on how the Law
Society of Upper Canada deals with the issue of defence disclosure of physical evidence in its rules of professional conduct. Ken Murray – lawyer for Paul Bernardo
17. Parliament should disallow the use of mandatory minimum sentences.
18. There is no conflict between economic growth and environmental protection.
19. The United Nations should take military action in every case to stop both international and civil war, in order to prevent human suffering”.
20. Criminals are born and not made.
21. The Board of Inquiry lead by Justice Stephen Goudge sufficiently uncovered enough information regarding Dr. Charles Smith (Child Pathologist) so that the same kinds of errors do not occur again.

The various academic disciplines use their own editorial styles for citing sources and for listing the works that have been cited. The most commonly accepted style in the Humanities in North America is that of the Modern Language Association
(MLA).
PLEASE NOTE!
Aside from slight modifications, much of the information found in this handbook has been taken from various web pages on the website http://www.dianahacker.com
(see below for specific links). I would strongly en courage students to consult Diana Hacker’s website, as there are several excellent online writing handbooks, which will no doubt be of use throughout your secondary and post-secondary studies.
Materials
• Use good-quality 8½” x 11" white paper.
• Print your paper using black ink.
• While MLA style requests that you secure the pages with a paper clip, I would prefer if you stapled your
paper together at the top left hand side, no more than 1" from the corner.
• Do not place your paper in any sort of duotang or folder.
Font Size
• Your font size should be set to 12 point.
Margins
• Set the margins of your document (under the menu “File”, click on Page Setup...) to 1 inch on all sides.
• Do not justify (align) the right margin.
Line Spacing
• Your paper must be double-spaced throughout, including quotations and the list of works cited.
• Do not add extra line spaces above or below the title of the paper, or between paragraphs.
Pagination
• Create a header (under the menu “View” in Word, or “Insert” in WordPerfect, click on Header/Footer...)
that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top (automatically
done in Word, to be changed manually in WordPerfect) and flush with the right margin.
• Inside the header, put the page number preceded by your last name in the upper right corner of each page.
• Use arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, and so on).
• Do not use the abbreviation p. before a page number.
• Do not add a period, a hyphen, or any other mark or symbol.
Paper Title and Student Identification
• MLA style does not require a title page.
• On the first page of your paper, place your name, your instructor's name, the course code, and the
date on separate lines against the left margin.
• Your title should be centred on the following line.
• Do not underline your title or put it in quotations marks or type it all in capital letters.
Paragraph Indents
• The first line of each paragraph should be indented a half inch, or five spaces (1 TAB) from the left margin.
Long Quotations
• When a quotation is longer than four typed lines, set it off from the text by indenting the entire quotation a
full inch, or ten spaces (2 TABS) from the left margin.
• The indented quotation should remain double-spaced. Do not add extra line spaces above or below the quotation.
• Quotation marks are not needed when a quotation has been set off from the text by indenting.

MLA in-text citations are made with a combination of signal phrases and parenthetical references. A signal phrase indicates that something taken from a source (such as a quotation, summary, or paraphrase) is about to be used; usually the signal phrase includes the author's name. The parenthetical reference includes at least a page number (unless the work has no page numbers or is organized alphabetically).
See the web page: http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/humanities/intext.html
for a detailed list of examples.
An alphabetized list of works cited, which appears at the end of your research paper, gives publication information for each of the sources you have cited (referred to) in the paper.
NOTE: Unless your instructor asks for them, your works cited page should omit all sources not actually cited in the paper, even if you read over them for research purposes.
General Guidelines
• Begin the list of works cited on a new page at the end of the paper. Center the title Works Cited on the first
line of the page. Double-space throughout.
• Alphabetize the list by the last names of the authors (or editors). The author's name is important because
citations in the text of the paper refer to it and readers will be looking for it at the beginning of an entry
in the alphabetized list.
• If a work has no author or editor, alphabetize by the first word of the title other than A, An, or The.
• Do not indent the first line of each works cited entry, but indent any additional lines one-half inch (or five
spaces, a single TAB). This technique highlights the names of the authors, making it easy for readers to scan
the alphabetized list.
• Do not insert a hyphen when dividing a Web address at the end of a line. Break the line after a slash.
Also insert <angle brackets> around the URL.
• If your word processing program automatically turns Web addresses into hyperlinks (by underlining them
and highlighting them in colour), turn off this feature.
MLA Formating for Internet Sites
Book
Nesbit, E. Ballads and Lyrics of Socialism. London, 1908. Victorian Women Writers Project. Ed. Perry Willett. May
2000. Indiana U. 26 June 2002 <http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/nesbit/ballsoc.html>
Article in a Magazine
Levy, Steven. "Great Minds, Great Ideas." Newsweek 27 May 2002. 20 May 2002
<http://www.msnbc.com/news/754336.asp>.
Format of an argumentative essay
Introductory Paragraph
General background information on the topic should be the focus of this paragraph. The thesis statement should be the last statement of your first paragraph.
Body Paragraphs
Each body paragraph will follow the same format. Begin with one of the arguments which was proposed in your thesis statement. Back it up with proof from research to make it stronger. Suggest an argument for the other side of the issue
(counter-argument). Then prove why that argument is weak and yours is strong.
Concluding Paragraph
Restate and reword your thesis statement. Summarize your strongest points in the essay.

Now that you have had the opportunity on several different occasions to develop your research skills, you will be assigned your independent study unit. This course culminating activity will involve the use of the legal research model, preparing an argumentative essay , validating sources and utilizing MLA formatting.
Remember: This is Mission Possible !!!!!!!!!!!
The following is a checklist which will help you organize and manage your research process:

Do some background work to find a topic that interests you

Make a list of resources for the works cited page. This should include a variety of sources and none of them should be Wikipedia.

Validate at least 2 of your internet sources using the validation form provided

Compile research from a variety of sources in your own words so that plagiarism is avoided

At least ONE case study must be used in your essay and research. Go to www.canlii.org to find your cases.

Create a rough outline for your essay with a workable thesis statement and ideas for arguments to be used in your body paragraphs (Hand in for feedback from instructor) . See the helpful hints I have included for thesis statement and essay format.

Create a rough draft for your essay (See instructor for feedback)

Create a final copy of your argumentative essay (5-6 pages, typed and double spaced). See MLA format information included in this package. Helpful hint included for creating a thesis statement.
Tips To Develop a Solid Thesis Structure
1. Simplify, Simplify, Simplify. Make your overall statement clear and concise. It makes the rest of your argument easier to construct. A simple precise argument positioned on top of a great deal of supporting evidence is an excellent framework for an argumentative essay.
2. Avoid emotional hyperbole or opinion statements.
Your objective is to convince your reader that your position is the only choice. You do this by proving your argument and not by simply asking the reader to believe your opinion. An example of hyperbole and opinion: “A caring society is one that shows empathy to all its citizens including the most vulnerable and suffering. Only this society can claim to be a caring society.”
3. Avoid presenting statements that are vague or general in nature.
The evidence you present should be precise and specific.
4. In your thesis structure, your supporting arguments should point to the weaknesses of the opposing view, and reinforce your position. Use the chart you developed in activity 1 to assist you in organizing your arguments, framing your position, and identifying the weaknesses in the opposing perspective.

URL: (web address) _______________________________
Date accessed: __________________
Step #1: Go to www.who.is
Step#2: Type in the web address of the site you are attempting to get information from and find out the following information:

Creation date:__________________

Last updated:__________________

Registrant Contact Information:

Name: ___________________ Organization_____________________. Is this organization a valid one? If not sure, do another search to find out the source. YES OR NO. (circle one) If no, explain;
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Country of origin: _________________
Step #3: Answer the following questions regarding the website:
A. Is the content CURRENT and CANADIAN?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
B. Is the information presented in a clear and objective manner?
Consider the following things in answering your question:

What is the purpose of the site?

Is there an underlying motive to creating the site?

Any advertising on the site itself?

Is only one side of the argument (story) presented?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
C. Relevance to the project. Is the information relevant to your project?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
D. Presentation of information.
Is the information presented in a clear fashion without grammatical / sentence structure or spelling mistakes?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
E. Now you decide.
Is this a valid source of information detective or not? Reasons.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

URL: (web address) _______________________________
Date accessed: __________________
Step #1: Go to www.who.is
Step#2: Type in the web address of the site you are attempting to get information from and find out the following information:

Creation date:__________________

Last updated:__________________

Registrant Contact Information:

Name: ___________________ Organization_____________________. Is this organization a valid one? If not sure, do another search to find out the source. YES OR NO. (circle one) If no, explain;
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Country of origin: _________________
Step #3: Answer the following questions regarding the website:
F. Is the content CURRENT and CANADIAN?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
G. Is the information presented in a clear and objective manner?
Consider the following things in answering your question:

What is the purpose of the site?

Is there an underlying motive to creating the site?

Any advertising on the site itself?

Is only one side of the argument (story) presented?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
H. Relevance to the project. Is the information relevant to your project?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
I. Presentation of information.
Is the information presented in a clear fashion without grammatical / sentence structure or spelling mistakes?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
J. Now you decide.
Is this a valid source of information detective or not? Reasons.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Access to Justice Network – www.acjnet.org
Canlii – the only free online legal database for all legal cases heard in any Canadian court. ( www.canlii.org)
CBC News – An online reference of Canadian material from a historical perspective and a modern day perspective.
( www.cbcnews.ca)
Historica – Historica is the Canadian Encyclopedia online, and claims to be “the most comprehensive and authoritative source of information on all Canadian. It is provided in both English and French . (www.histori.ca)
Human Rights Research and Education Centre (University of Ottawa) – http://www.uottawa.ca/hrrec/lawroom/lawroom.html
Judgments from the Supreme Court – http://www.lexum.umontreal.ca/csc-scc/
Laws of Canada – http://canada.justice.gc.ca/Loireg/index_en.html
Ontario statutes and regulations – http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca
Jurist Canada – Legal Education Network – http://jurist.law.utoronto.ca
MacLean’s magazine – http://www.macleans.ca.
Check with your learning commons specialist for username and password information.
Student Research Center – Secondary – Home Access Login – windsor and Password – second

Student Research Center provides students in secondary schools with an integrated search tool for the following
EBSCO databases; Canadian Reference Center, Middle Search Plus, Canadian Literary Centre and Columbia
Encyclopedia. Magazines, newspapers, biographies, reference books, encyclopedia, country reports, film and video can all be included with the search.
EBSCO Host – searches all available student databases – Home Access Login – windsor and Password – catholic

All EBSCO databases licensed for WECDSB schools are accessed through the EBSCO host search system.
Selection check boxes allow the choice of which databases to include in the search
Thomson-Gale: Cross-Database Search All – Home Access Login – trillium

Over 30 of the leading educational databases from GALE for the K-12 market are available behind this powerful search portal; individually or in infinite combinations. Check boxes enable the selection of the databases desired.
Canadian newspapers, virtual reference libraries, specialized journal collections and much more are available.
Windsor Star and CanWest Online.

The Windsor Star (Newspaper in Education) provides full access to the digital version of CanWest newspapers for our stuenst: The Windsor Star, National Post, Victoria Times Colonist, The Province (Vancouver), Vancouver
Sun, Edmonton Journal, Calgary Herald, Regina Leader-Post, Saskatoon StarPhoenix, Ottawa Citizen, The
Gazette (Montreal). It should be noted however that this license site is only available from inside the school. It is NOT for home access without a home subscription.
E-Stat Canada - Home Access Login – wecdsb and password – wind0994

E-Stat is an interactive tool about society and the economy in Canada, free online and available only to educational institutions.

Criteria Level 4
Essay
Assignment Student completely fulfills assignment requirements
-Process
Complete
-Due Dates Met
-Final Copy
Submitted
-Format Correct
-Works Cited Incl.
Student’s thesis Thesis is a clear, arguable, well developed, and definitive statement of position. It answers a why or how question
Development Student’s paper demonstrates a logical, mature, and thorough development of points that support the thesis
Evidence:
Analysis
Synthesis
Student presents relevant and fully analyzed textual evidence to support the thesis.
Student synthesizes textual evidence and points back to thesis statement
Opposition/
Refutation
Citation
Student clearly and fully explains opposition and persuasively refutes it
Student follows citation format with meticulous care. Includes proper footnoting technique, along with a complete works cited list.
Comments:
Argumentative Essay ISU Evaluation Rubric
Level 3 Level 2 Level 1
Student completely fulfills assignment requirements
Student’s thesis is a clear and arguable statement of position that answers a why or how question
Student’s paper demonstrates adequate development of points that support the thesis
Student presents relevant and adequately analyzed textual evidence to support the thesis
Student makes an attempt at synthesis
Student explains opposition and gives refutation
Student follows citation format with care.
Includes proper footnoting technique, along with a complete works cited list.
Student partially fulfills assignment requirements
(almost all)
Student’s thesis is a clear, arguable statement of position
Student’s paper demonstrates an adequate development of points that support the thesis
Student presents relevant and partially analyzed textual evidence to support the thesis
Student makes an attempt at synthesis
Student explains opposition and gives refutation
Student follows citation format with meticulous care. Includes proper technique, along with a partial/mediocre works cited list.
Student partially fulfills assignment requirements
(almost all)
Student’s thesis is an outline of points; it is not an arguable statement of position
Student’s paper presents a superficial development of points, many of which do not support the thesis
Student’s textual evidence is irrelevant and is not analyzed.
Student makes no attempt at synthesis
Student does not include op./ref. in paper
Student does not follow citation format. Does not include proper footnoting technique, works cited list is missing.
Level R
Student’s work in no way relates to assignment
Student’s work does not have a thesis
Student’s paper does not present any evidence of development of points that support the thesis
Student provides no textual evidence to support the thesis
Student makes no attempt at synthesis
Student does not include op./ref. in paper
Incomplete or
Missing