Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Karaganda State Technical University
Confirmed by
Chairman of the Academic Council,
rector, RK NAS academician
Gazaliyev A.M.
_______________________
_________ ____ 2012
Syllabus
Course BC (II) 4703“Building ceramics II”
Module DBM 34(II)“ Designing of building materials”
Major 5В073000 –"Production of building materials, рroducts and сonstructions"
Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Department of Technology of Building Materials and Products
2012
Preface
Syllabus is worked out by senior tutor G.А.Seidinova, senior tutor Rahimova
G.M.,senior tutor M.K.Dadieva , tutor L.А. Divak
Discussed at the meeting of the department “Technology of Building Materials and
Products”
Minutes № _______ of ______________ «____» 20___
Head of department ________________ ___________ «____» 20___
(signature)
Approved by the Educational Council of the Institute of Architecture and Civil
Engineering
Minutes № _______ of ______________ «____» 20___
Chairman ________________ ____________ «____» 20___
(signature)
Tutor’s personal data and contact information
Gulnar Abaevna Seydinova, senior tutor, Galia Muhamedievna Rahimova,
senior tutor, Lyudmila Anatolevna Divak, tutor .
“Technology of building materials and products” department is in the 1st
building of KSTU, B. Mira, 56 room No.219, contact phone 56-67-43 add. 1031.
Course labor intensity
Type of classes
Number of contact hours
T
er
m
7
Numb
er of
credit
s
practical claslectures
/ЕCT
ses
S
3/5
30
15
laboratory
classes
-
number
Total
Forms of
number Total of AL number
Control
of OH hours hours of hours
45
90
45
135
Course
work
Course description
Course BC (II) 4307 "Building Ceramics II" is profiled. Course is based on
the current understanding of the technical capabilities of producing construction,
the basic requirements for the choice of raw materials used in the production of
building structures and their installation, methods of manufacture of ceramic building products. The theoretical foundations of technology of ceramic materials, the
general principles of manufacturing.
Course purpose
The purpose of the study of the course "Building Ceramics II" is training,
getting profound knowledge of manufacturing technology and properties of modern ceramic building materials and products that meet the modern requirements of
capital construction.
Course objectives
The objectives of the course are:
-the role and importance ceramic materials in construction;
-the study of the functional properties of ceramic materials and raw materials
for their production;
-designing a ceramic charge for production;
-characteristics of raw materials for ceramic products;
- the study of technologies reusing of raw basics of drying and firing
At the end of studying this course according to Codes of Education students
should:
- have an understanding about industry leading position in the production of
the most important building materials and products, the role of science and
innovator in the creation of effective energy saving technologies in the production
ceramic building materials and products, which are appropriate to their purpose.
- know manufacturing technology and properties ceramic modern building
materials and products in accordance with current requirements of the state
standards, methods of transportation, storage and processing of feedstocks; social ecological situation in the construction industry due to the promising directions of
development of the technology of building ceramics;
-be able to solve various engineering problems, to assess the properties of
building ceramics products amounts and well-versed in teaching the principles of
their determination; testing of raw materials, perform work to ensure quality control of finished products, rational use of raw materials including environmental
safety, fuel and energy, and other material resources, give priority to non-waste
production and integrated using of industrial waste products of other sectors of the
economy, reduce the complexity of both the scope of the materials and products
for the given operating conditions.
-acquire practical skills-testing of raw materials and ceramic products with
the requirements of the standards, to calculate the composition of the charge,
establishing grades and quality grade materials.
Prerequisites
Studying of this course requires assimilation of the following courses (with
the indication of sections (subjects)):
Course
1 Building materials
2 Chemistry
3.Building ceramics I
4. Processes and apparatus
5 Engineering Graphics
Name of sections (subjects)
General Properties. Minerals. Ceramic
materials.
Chemistry kind of structure formation
processes. Research methods of physical and
chemical, physical and technical properties of
the raw materials and finished products.
Properties of clay, the selection of raw materials, preparation of the charge, the processes
occurring during drying and firing clay.
The crushing process. Thermal processes.
Geometric constructions. Basic standards
CAD. .
6. Research methods of construc- Determination of density, plasticity, water abtion materials
sorption, strength, etc.
Post requisites
The knowledge gained at the studying of the Course “Building ceramics II”
is used in the study of the following courses: «Use of industrial wastes in production of concrete and ceramic materials, «Automation».
Thematic plan of course
Labour intensity on types of classes
Name of section (subject)
2
practical
classes
3
1 Technology of a brick of plastic formation
6
2
9
9
2 Technology of a brick of moist pressing
4
2
6
6
3 Resource-saving technology of a ceramic
brick
4
The manufacturing processes of ceramic
products for different purposes
5 Organization of technical control in the
factories of ceramic materials
TOTAL:
6
6
9
9
10
5
15
15
4
-
6
6
30
15
45
45
lectures
1
ОН
AL
4
5
List of practical classes
1. Technological analysis of the processing and molding equipment. Evaluation of heterogeneity of clay processing in preparation for molding. Examples of
technological analysis of the equipment and processing plants forming ceramic
bodies (2 hours).
2. Determining of the optimum moisture ceramic molding and extrusion
pressure of the charge (2 hours).
3. Select the optimal method of the drying raw bricks (6 hours).
4. Estimated parameters of the kilns. Total heat balance of kilns. Reduction
of fuel process during firing. Determination of fuel consumption (5 hours).
Themes of course projects
1. Plant for the production of ceramic brick production with capacity of 30
million units. conv. b. / year in Karaganda.
2. Plant for production of ceramic stones with capacity of 30 million units. a
year in Astana.
3. Plant for the production of ceramic bricks dry pressing with capacity of 10
million units. conv. b. / year in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk.
4. Plant for the production of ash-ceramic bricks with capacity of 30 million
units. conv. a. / year in Pavlodar.
5. Plant for production of full-bodied ceramic bricks with capacity of 20 million units. conv. b. / year in Kokshetau.
6. Plant for the production of hollow ceramic brick production with capacity
of 15 million units. conv. b. / year in Kostanai.
7. Plant for the production of ceramic brick by using of plastic molding with
capacity of 25 million units. conv. b. / year in Zhezkazgan.
8. Plant for the production of effective capacity of 30 ash-ceramic stone tiles
for floors with capacity of 20 thousand m3 per year in the city of Karaganda.
10. Plant for the production of ceramic tiles with capacity of 22 thousand m3
per year in Astana.
11. Plant for the production of bricks by hyper capacity of 32 million units. a
year in Almaty.
12. Plant for production of decorative ceramics production with capacity of
30 thousand m3 per year.
13. Shop molding and night crude plant hollow ceramic stone facade with 45
million units. conv. b. / year in Temirtau.
14. Guild of producing of clay mass and molding hollow ceramic stones raw
with capacity of 20 million units. / Year in Shahtinsk.
15. Department roasting plant hollow ceramic stones with 40 million units. /
Year in Aktobe.
16. Department training and molding clay gravel pellets plant with capacity
of 50 m3 per year to HJK.
17. Land preparation press - powder factory pressed tiles and floor tiles with
capacity of 37 m3 per year in Saran.
18. Plot pressing, drying and firing on conveyor lines tiles and floor tiles
with capacity of 75 m3 per year in Abai.
19. Department training and molding the clay mass of raw clay building
brick plant with capacity of 75 million units. conv. b. / year in Balkhash.
20. Department training and molding plant sewer with capacity of 53 m3 per
year in the city of Karaganda.
21. Department for casting and felting sanitary construction of the Delhicapacity 47 m3 per year in Astana.
Thematic plan of office hours
OH theme
Objectives
Form classes
Contents of classes
1
Subject 1. Technology of
bricks of plastic molding
2
Increasing
knowledge on
this subject
Increasing
knowledge on
this subject
Increasing
knowledge on
this subject
3
4
Explanation and
oral test
Lectures notes
Recommended literature
5
[1,4,10,15
19,22]
Explanation and
oral test
Lectures notes
[1,4,10,15
19,22]
Explanation and
oral test
Lectures notes
[1,4,10,15
19,22]
Subject 2. Technology of
brick semi-dry pressing
Subject 3. Resource-saving
technology of ceramic bricks
Subject 4. The manufacturing processes of ceramic
products for different purposes
Subject 5. Technological organization-ray control in the
factories of ceramic materials
Increasing
knowledge on
this subject
Explanation and
oral test
Lectures notes
Increasing
knowledge on
this subject
Explanation and
oral test
Lectures notes
[2,8,9,12,
15,19,22,26]
[2, 4, 8,
9,10,12,14]
Subjects of control tasks for AL.
1. Objectives of the course.
2. Raw materials.
3. Genesis of clay and kaolin.
4. Classification of clay materials.
5. The chemical composition of the clays.
6. Size distribution of the clay.
7. Clayey sediments.
8. Water properties of clay materials.
9. The structure of the system: "clay-water".
10. Classification of the forms of moisture in the clay masses and their properties.
11. Mechanical properties of clays.
12. The rheological properties of the liquid and plastic clay mass.
13. Structure formation in the "clay-water".
14. Physical and mechanical properties of the clay mass.
15. Drying properties of clays.
16. Thermal properties of clays.
17. Processing technology for ceramic materials.
18. Molding technology ceramic materials.
19. Coagulative structure of ceramic materials.
20. Physical-mechanical basis of education coagulative structures.
21. Blend composing for stackability.
22. Optimum humidity and formability of stackability.
23. Structural and mechanical quality criteria ceramic mass.
24. The procedure for determining the optimal composition of the ceramic mixture.
25. Non-plastics materials and additives to clays.
26. Basics of the theory of drying ceramic raw brick.
27. Criteria and evaluation methods of drying properties of molding compounds
28. The processes occurring during drying of ceramic materials.
29. The mechanism of formation of shrinkage strains in the process of drying
raw brick.
30. Processes associated with the phase and chemical transformations in clay
during firing.
31. The influence of the gas stove on medium quality ceramic products.
32. Ceramic firing of fuel-containing blends.
33. The optimum heat treatment.
34. The advanced technology of ceramic bricks dry pressing.
35. Optimization of the ceramic molding powder.
36. Status and prospects of TPP ash as a raw material for the production of ceramic wall materials.
37. Classification angry TPP as ceramic fuel containing materials.
38. Physical, mechanical and thermal properties angry TPP.
39. Granulometric and mineralogical compositions angry TPP.
40. Properties of ceramic materials.
41. Technology walling "zolo-ceram."
42. Wall ceramic materials.
43. Bricks and stones for special purposes.
44. Products for coatings.
45. Roofing materials.
46. Products for facade of buildings.
47. Products for internal linings.
48. Sanitary and building products.
49. Chemically resistant ceramic products.
50. The main tasks and methods of engineering controls.
51. The structure and functions of the department of technical control.
52. The main types of objects and technical control.
53. Frost resistance of wall ceramic materials and methods of its determination.
54. Transportation to form ceramic materials.
55. Forming stackability.
56. Types of dryers, how they work.
57. Defected articles on drying.
58. Bloating clay resources.
59. Kiln production of building ceramics maintenance.
60. Defected products during firing.
61. The effect of additives on the formation of crystalline phases.
62. Deformation properties of ceramic materials.
63. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of ceramic materials.
64. Chemical and corrosion resistance of ceramic products.
65. Molding ceramic castings.
66. Structural and mechanical properties of the ash and ceramic materials based
on them.
67. Large-efficient design of ceramics.
Criteria of students’ knowledge assessment
The examination grade is determined by course as the sum of the maximum
indexes of progress on midterm controls (to 60%) and to final attestation (examination) (to 40%) and makes value to 100% according to the table.
Grade
on
alphabetic system
А
АВ+
В
ВС+
С
СD+
DF
Numerical
equivalents
4,0
3,67
3,33
3,0
2,67
2,33
2,0
1,67
1,33
1,0
0
Percentage
95-100
90-94
85-89
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
0-49
Traditional
system
Excellent
Good
Satisfactory
Unsatisfactory
Grade «A» (excellent) is put in the case if student during a term showed perfect
knowledge of all program questions of course, and also of subjects of independent
work, regularly handed over midterm tasks, showed independence in studying of
theoretical and applied questions according to the main program of studied course,
and also on extra program questions.
Grade «A-» (excellent) stipulates perfect knowledge of basic laws and processes, concepts, ability to generalization of theoretical questions of course, regular
handing of midterm tasks of classroom and independent work.
Grade "B+" (good) is put in the case if student showed good and excellent
knowledge of course questions, regularly handed over term tasks generally on "excellent" and some on "good".
Grade "B" (good) is put in the case if student showed good knowledge of the
questions opening the main maintenance of a concrete subject of course, and also
subject of independent work, regularly handed over term tasks on "good" and "excellent".
Grade "B-" (good) is put to a student in the case if he well is guided in theoretical and applied questions of course both on classroom, and on AL subjects, but
irregularly handed over midterm tasks and had cases of a repeating an examination
of term tasks on course.
Grade "C+" (satisfactory) is put to a student in the case he owns questions of
conceptual character by all types of room classes and AL, can open the maintenance of separate modules of course, hands over on "good" and "satisfactory" term
tasks.
Grade "C" (satisfactory) is put to a student in the case he owns questions of
conceptual character by all types of room classes and AL, can open the maintenance of separate modules of course, hands over on "satisfactory" term tasks.
Grade "C-" (satisfactory) is put to a student in the case student during a term
regularly handed over term tasks, but concerning room classes and AL owns only
the general concepts and can explain only separate regularities and their understanding within a concrete subject.
Grade "D+" (satisfactory) is put to a student in the case he irregularly handed
over term tasks concerning room classes and AL owns only the general concepts
and can explain only separate regularities and their understanding within a concrete subject.
Grade "D-" (satisfactory) is put to a student in the case he irregularly handed
over term tasks, concerning room classes and AL, owns the minimum volume of
knowledge, and also allowed admissions of classes.
Grade "F" (unsatisfactorily) is put when student practically doesn't own the
minimum theoretical and practical material of room classes and AL on course, irregularly visits classes and doesn't hand over in time term tasks.
Midterm control is carried out on the 7, 14 weeks of study and it develops
proceeding from the following types of control:
Type of
control
Attendance
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
1
Lecture notes 1
Practical
work
Testing
Handing of
course project
Defense of
course project
Total on
attestation
Total
2
Academic period of study, week
T
ot
al,
%
1
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
*
*
*
*
*
* *
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
14
*
*
*
*
*
* *
*
*
*
10
*
*
12
*
4
*
*
2
*
10
*
*
*
*
20
40
30
30
60
100
Policy and procedures
It is necessary to observe the following rules at the studying of the course
"Building Ceramics II":
1. Do not to be late for classes.
2. Do not miss classes without cause, in case of an illness I ask to present the
aegrotat, in other cases – an explanatory note.
3. Participate in the learning process actively
4. Be tolerant, open, frank and friendly, fellow with students and teachers.
Educational and methodical support of course
Author
Literature
Publishing house, year of
the issue
1
2
3
Несветаева Г.В.
Богданов В.С., Булгаков С.Б. и др.
Наназашвили И.Х.,
Бунькин И.Ф. и др..
Г.А.Айрапетов
Аликов Л.А., Воронин В.В.
Ткач Е.В.,
Рахимов М.А., Рахимова Г.М..
Сейдинова Г.А., Рахимов М.А., Рахимова Г.М., Дивак
Л.А.
Main literature
Строительные материаФеникс, 2005. -598 с.
лы. Ростов-на-Дону
Технологические комплексы и механическое
оборудование предприятий строительной индустрии.
Строительные материалы и изделия
Строительные материалы, учебно- справочное
пособие
Технология производства неметаллических
строительных изделий
и конструкций
Заполнители бетонов,
Учебное пособие
Number of copies
in a liat departbrary
ment
4
5
-
1
Санкт-Петербург: 2010. –
620 с.
-
1
М.: Аделант. 2005. – 471 с.
-
1
Ростов на Дону, Феникс,
2006г.– 444 с.
-
1
-
3
-
15
-
15
М.: ИНФРА-М. 2005. -524
с.
Караганда. 2009. – 94 с.
Методические указания
Караганда: КарГТУ,
по основам курсового
2010г. 19 с.
проектирования по
дисциплине «Технология строительной керамики»
Сейдинова Г.А., Ра- Методические указания
Караганда: КарГТУ,
химов М.А., Рахи- к практическим рабо2010г.
мова Г.М., Дивак
там по дисциплине
Л.А.
«Технология строительной керамики»
Additional literature
Августиник А.И.
Керамика.
Ленинград, Стройиздат,
1998г. – 591 с.
Москва,
Стройиздат,
1999. – 153 с.
Москва, Высш.шк.,
1999. – 147 с.
Москва, Высш. шк.,
2004.– 478 с.
1
1
Волкова Ф.Н.
Общая технология
керамичесаких изделий
5
1
Золобарский А.З.,
Шейнман А.Ш.
Наназашвили И.Х.
Производство
керамической кирпича
Строительные материалы,
изделия и конструкции.
Справочник.
Производство
керамического кирпича.
Полусухое прессование
керамического кирпича
на основе суглинка.
3
1
5
1
Москва, Стройиздат,
1999.–241 с.
Алматы,
КазГАСА, 2000.–123 с.
5
1
1
1
Москва,
Стройиздат, 1999.–367 с.
10
3
Москва,
Стройиздат, 1999.–139 с.
12
3
Москва, Ассоциации
строительных ВУЗов,
2004г. – 533 с.
7
2
Проектирование
предприятий по
производству строительных
материалов и изделий.
Строительная керамика
из побочных продуктов
промышленности.
Москва, Издательство
Ассоциации строительных вузов, 2005г. – 472 с.
3
5
Москва, Стройиздат,
1986г. – 421 с.
5
1
ИАСВ, 2002г.
5
1
Кошляк Л.Л., Калиновский В.В
Основы строительного
материаловедения.
Производство изделий
строительной керамики.
3
1
Нехорошев А.В.,
Цителаури Г.И., и
др
Ресурсосбергающие
технологии керамики,
силикатов и бетонов.
Москва,
Высш. шк., 1999г – 175
с.
Москва, Стройиздат,
1991г. – 481с.
3
1
Поляков С.В., Чигрин С.И
Производство и применение индустриальных
керамических панелей.
Ресурсосберегающая
Москва, Стройиздат,
1990г. – 191с.
2
1
Москва,
3
1
Сайбулатов С.Ж.
Сайбулатов С.С.
Роговой М.И
Роговой М.И
Микульский В.Г. и
др.
Баженов Ю.М.,
Алимов Л.А., Воронина В.В., Трескова
Н.В
Баженов П.И., Глибина И.В., Григорьев Н.А.
Горбунов Г.И
Сайбулатов С.Ж.
Теплотехническое
оборудование керамических
заводов.
Технология искусственных
пористых заполнителей
и керамики.
Строительные материалы
технология
керамического кирпича на
основе зол.
Сайбулатов С.Ж.,
Использование
Кулебаев А.А.,
золошлаковых отходов
Сайбулатов С.С., Лян
ТЭС в производстве
А.Н., Тайжанов С.С. керамических материалов.
Сайбулатов С.Ж.,
Сулейменов С.Т.,
Ралко А.В.
Под редакцией Балдырева В.Н.
Стройиздат, 1990г. – 248с.
Алматы, КазГАСА,
2000г. – 251с.
10
1
Золоукерамические
стеновые материалы.
Алматы: Наука,
2002г. – 292с.
5
1
Справочник. Строительные материалы.
Москва,
Стройиздат, 2007г.. – 567
с.
5
1
Schedule of performing and handing in assignments on course
Type of control
1
Practical classes
№1
Practical classes
№2
Practical classes
№3
Practical classes
№4
Test quiz
The verification of
the sections of the
course project.
Defense of course
Purpose and content of
Recommended
Duration
assignment
literature
2
3
4
Technological analysis
[8, 10, 21]
of the processing and
molding
equipment.
Evaluation of heterogeneity of clay processing in preparation
1 contact
for molding. Examples
hour
of technological analysis of the equipment
and processing plants
forming ceramic masses.
Determining the opti[8, 10, 21]
mum moisture ceramic
1 contact
molding and extrusion
hour
pressure of the charge.
Select the optimal path
[8, 10, 21]
1 contact
of the drying raw brick
hour
Estimated parameters
[8, 10, 21]
of the kilns. Total heat
balance of kilns. Re1 contact
duction process fuel
hour
during firing. Determination of fuel consumption (5 hours).
Fixing of theoretical
[8, 10, 21]
1 contact
and practical skills
hour
Systematization, con- [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,
solidation and expan- 10,11,12,13,14,15, 2 contact
sion of knowledge and 16,17,18,19,20,21
hour
production skills.
]
Checking the learning
All list of the
2 contact
Form of
control
5
Current
6
3 week.
Current
7 week.
Current
9,10,12
weeks.
14 week.
Current
frontier,
final
Final
Final
Handing
term
7,14 weeks.
7,14 weeks.
During
project
material of discipline
main and additional literature
hour
examinatio
n period
Questions for self-checking
1. The role and importance of building ceramics products in the
development of science and tech nical progress in modern construction.
2. The current state and prospects of development of ceramic materials and
products in the Republic of Kazakhstan and abroad.
3. The concept of the ways of processing of raw materials, production
processes occurring in the manufacture of products.
4. Genesis of clay and kaolin.
5. Classification of clay materials.
6. The chemical composition of the clays.
7. Size distribution of the clay.
8. The material composition of the clays.
9. The impurities in the clay, their influence on the properties of clays.
9. Clayey sediments.
10. Classification of clay on dispersion, the dependence of its properties on
the dispersion.
11. Water properties of clay. Swelling clay. Thixotropic hardening.
12. Water properties of clay. Water properties of clay. Soaking clay
influence of electrolytes.
13. Water properties of clay. Moisture content of clay.
14. Spooby rated capacity.
15. Drying properties of clay. Holds moisture capacity of clays.
16. Drying properties of clay. Sensitivity to drying clay, classification
of clay on sensitivity.
17. Drying properties of clay. Air shrinkage of clay.
18. The mechanical properties of the clay. Tensile properties of clays.
19. The mechanical properties of the clay. Connectivity and binding capacity
of clays.
20. The mechanical properties of the clay. The plasticity of clay, clay for the
classification of plasticity.
21. The mechanical properties of the clay. Formability clay.
22. Thermal properties of clays. Fireclay, methods of estimates of the
classification of fire-proof clay.
23. Thermal properties of clays. The firing shrinkage.
24. Thermal properties of clays. Sintering behavior of clays, clay
classification by sintering.
25. Quarrying. Stripping.
26. Methods occurrence of clays.
27. Development of clay.
28. Gentle way of warming clay deposits.
29. Hard way of warming clay deposits.
30. Development of deposits of clay in the winter.
31. Transporting clay to plants and warehousing.
32. The basic technology of processing and molding of ceramic materials.
33. Natural ways to handle clay.
35. Zumpfing of clay.
36. Freezing clays.
37. Evacuation of clay, its advantages and disadvantages.
38. Coagulation structure of ceramic materials and physico-mechanical basis
of their education.
39. The theory and practice of drawing blends for stackability.
40. Mechanical treatment of clay.
41. Methods moisturizing clay, their advantages and disadvantages.
42. Clay loosener, Machine extracting clay from stones.
43. Rolls coarse and fine grinding.
44. Grinding machines, runners wet grinding glinosmesiteli.
45. Optimum humidity and formability ceramic materials for wall materials.
46. Methods for preparing raw mixes, brief their characteristics.
47. Plastic method of cooking raw mixes.
48. Semi-dry method of cooking raw mix. Drying - the grinding process for
preparing press powder.
49. Slip method of preparing a press powder.
50. Pressing and without pressing way to prepare slurry.
51. Basic properties of the slip.
52. Exposure controls in the preparation of ceramic production batches: the
definition of humidity, particle size distribution, sanding.
53. Nonplastic materials and additives to clays.materials and additives to
clays.
54. Plastic molding method.
55. Belt presses, press item forms.
56. Features ceramic material movement in the belt press.
57. Activities that contribute to reducing the formation of striates.
58. Mouthpieces presses and a selection of their shape and size.
59. Dough as a three-phase system
60. Cutting and styling aids brick.
61. The furnace for firing of ceramic bricks.
61. Firing of ceramic bricks.
62. Semidry pressing. Pressing behavior.
63. Press dry pressing.
64. Pressing behavior. The concept of the draft, compression ratio.
65. Optimizing press powder.
66.Cracks separation compacts and the reasons for their education.
67. Remedy delamination cracks.
68. Optimisation of press powder.press powder.
69. The curves of the compacting pressure on the composition and moisture
molding powder.
70. Advantages of step pressing powders.
71. Casting as a way of shaping.
72. Use of waste in the production of bricks.
73. Wall ceramic materials.
74. Clay brick ordinary.
75. Clay brick lightweight.
76. Hollow brick.
77. Ceramic stones.
78. Ceramic plates.
78. Fillers: clay, agloporit.
79. Ceramic pipes.
80. Tiles for the interior lining.
81. Ceramic materials for facade.
82. Ceramic floor tiles.
83. Basics of the theory of drying ceramic raw brick.
84. Baking, the parameters characterizing it.
85. Internal and external diffusion.
86. Coolant, its characteristics.
87. Determination of moisture, temperature and speed of flow.
88. Chamber dryers.
89. Tunnel dryer. Ways to optimize their work.
90. Information on the processes taking place during the drying of ceramic
of materials.
91. Periods of drying.
92. Ways to increase the fracture toughness of ceramic materials
93. The rate of drying and drying mode.
94. Ceramic firing, his appointment.
95. Periods of drying.
96. Processes associated with the phase and chemical transformations in clay
during firing.
97. Formation processes potsherd.
98. Firing temperatures.
99. Gas firing, its impact on the quality of ceramic products.
100. Firing of ceramic bodies of fuel blends.
State pub. lic. No. 50 of 31.03.2004 Passed for printing
Format 60х90/16
Printers sheets sh. Number of copies cop. Order Contract price
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