剑1
Test 1
Reading Passage 1
A spark, a flint: How fire leapt to life
1. random (adj./n.) 随便（的），随机（的）
e.g.: Fire was a divine gift randomly delivered in the form of lighting.
at random
2. secondary (adj.) 中等教育的，第二期的，继发的，次要的
e.g.: It was a secondary invention made during tool-making operations.
a secondary school
→elementary (adj.) 基础的，简单的
e.g.: elementary education/schools
→tertiary (adj.) 第三的，第三级的
e.g.: tertiary education
3. accidentally = by chance 偶然的
e.g.: It was accidentally made during tool-making operations.
4. seal (v.) 封住
sealed= airtight
e.g.: a sealed glass tube
5. hazardous (adj.) 危险的，危害的
ego: a hazardous device
→ hazard (n./v.)
e.g.: a health hazard 对健康的危害
an environmental hazard
6. resemble (v.) 像= look like
e.g.: The first matches resembling those used today were made in 1827.
7. military (adj.) 军事的
e.g.: a military rocket maker
→army
→battlefield/ battleground
8. copy (v./n.) 复制
e.g.: Three years later it was copied by a Samuel Jones, who marketed his product as Lucifers.
→ duplicate
e.g.: duplicate the letters
→ replicate
e.g.: The findings have been replicated many times.
→ reproduce
e.g.: The painting reproduces every detail of the scene. 复制
Some tropical fish reproduce by laying eggs. 繁殖，生殖
→ imitate
e.g.: imitate local people’s behaviors.
9. deadly (adj.) 致命的
e.g.: a deadly poison/ disease
→ lethal
→fatal
10. expose (v.) 暴露，揭露
e.g.: Match-makers exposed to the fume got a disease that eats away jaw-bones.
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→exposure(n.)
e.g.: With prolonged exposure, people may develop cancers.
11. toxic = poisonous (adj.) 有毒的
e.g.: The red phosphorus is non-toxic.
→ toxin (n.) = poison
12. waterproof (adj.) 防水的
e.g.: waterproof matches
→fireproof 防火的
→bulletproof 防弹的
→ water-resistant 防水的 earthquake-resistant houses 防震房子
wear-resistant shoes 耐穿的鞋
13. identical =exactly alike
It is identical to a previous type of match.
→identify 识别，认出→recognize→distinguish
→identity 身份，特性，特色
14. adapt
1) adapt to… 适应…
2) adapt sth. 调整
→adaptation (n.) 适应，适合，改编物
→adaptable (adj.) 适应性强的
e.g.: Adaptation to the motor cars has involved adding ring roads, one-way system and parking
lots.
It was another 11 years before scientists adapted the French patent for the US.
Scientists are helping people to adapt to underground life.
What makes glass so adaptable?
15. innovation (n.) 创新，革新
→innovate (v.)
→innovative (adj.)
e.g.: There are exciting innovations in optic fibres.
innovative technology
16. antiafterglow 防复燃的
→anti- against
e.g.: anti-freeze 防冻液 anti-pollution laws 反污染法
17. novel (adj.) 新颖的
e.g.: He had the novel idea of advertising the product in match books.
→ novelty (n.)
18. preserve (v.) 保护
e.g.: They tried to preserve burning logs unaware that they could create fire themselves.
→ preservation (n.)
→ conserve (v.) 保存，保护
→ conservation (n.)
e.g.: the conservation of wildlife/ natural resources
19. persistent (adj.) 坚持的，持续的
e.g.: Persistent chipping was also widespread in Europe and among other peoples.
20. previous (adj.) 先的，以前的
ego: a previous type of match
Passage Two
2
Zoo conservation programmes
1. original (adj.) 最初的，最早的，独创的= first
→originally (adv.) = at the beginning
origin(n.) 起源，起因，由来，出身 originate (v.) 发源，发生，创始
e.g.: Zoos are originally created as places of entertainment.
The origins of spring arctic haze came from far away.
The contaminants originate largely from Europe and Asia.
→initially(adv.) initial (adj.)开始的，最初的
initiate(v.) 开始，创始，发动
initiative (n.) 始创，主动
e.g.: the initial shock of the audiences
The programme in the UAE was initiated by the Arabian Leopard Trust.
take the initiative in doing sth. 主动做…
2. arise (v.) 出现，发生
e.g.: Their involvement with conservation did not seriously arise until about 30 years ago.
→ emerge (v.) = appear
e.g.: A new style of architecture emerged.
3. commitment (n.) 承担义务，许诺
e.g.: organizational commitment
study commitment
→commit(v.) 犯（错误，罪行），致力于
e.g.: commit crimes/suicide
The government has committed itself to improving the environment.
4. unrealistic (adj.) 不现实的
→realistic 现实的
e.g.: an unrealistic optimism
5. underestimate (n.) 低估
e.g.: 10000 is a serious underestimate of the total number of zoos.
→under- : not enough
→underuse 使用不足
understaffed 员工不足
→over- : too much
→overestimate 高估
overdose 过量用药 over-stimulate 过度刺激
6. assume (v.) 假定，设想，假设
→assumption (n.)
e.g.: One would assume that the caliber of these institutions would have been carefully examined.
→ presume (v.)
presumption (n.) presumably (adv.)
7. criterion = standard (n.) 标准
→criteria (复数)
e.g.: The criterion for inclusion on this list might merely be that the zoo is a member of a zoo
federation or association.
8. notorious (adj.) 臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的
→notoriety (n.)
e.g.: a notorious collection of animals
a notorious fickle world
9. complete (adj.) 完整的，全部的
e.g.: The zoos are all complete with scientific staff and research facilities. 配备有…
11. optimistic (adj.) 乐观的
→optimism (n.)
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e.g.: This seems an extremely optimistic opposition.
→pessimistic (adj.) 悲观的 pessimism (n.)
12. approximately = about 大约
e.g.: Approximately 16 species might be said to have been saved .
13. objective (adj. 客观的 n.目的)
e.g.: the objective of the WZCS document
More objective selection techniques are available.
13. impartial (adj.) 公正的
e.g.: an impartial judge
→反义 biased
Reading Passage 3
ARCHITECTURE- Reaching for the Sky
1. architecture (n.) 建筑学，建筑风格，建筑式样
→ architect (n.) 建筑师，设计师
architectural (adj.) 建筑学的，建筑的
e.g.: a new architectural style
2. coexistence (n.) 共存
→coexist
→co- : together, with
→ cooperate 合作 collaborate 合作 correlation 共同联系
3. economical (adj.) 经济的，节约的
e.g.: They originated in the US to help meet the demand for more economical use of land.
4. originate (v.) 发源，发生，创始
e.g.: They originated in the US to help meet the demand for more economical use of land.
→origin (n.) 起源，起因，由来，出身
original (adj.) 最初的，最早的，独创的
Test 2
Reading Passage 2
Right and left-handedness in humans
1. virtually (adv.)=almost 几乎
e.g.: Why do humans virtually alone among all animal species, display a distinct left or
right-handedness.
2. distinct : different 不同的
e.g.: Why do humans virtually alone among all animal species, display a distinct left or
right-handedness.
→ distinctive 与众不同的，有特色的
e.g.: The distinctive asymmetry in the human population is itself systematic.
3. systematic (adj.) 系统的
e.g.: The distinctive asymmetry in the human population is itself systematic.
4. categorise (v.) 归类
e.g.: The system enables us to categorise phenomena that are ambiguous.
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5. genetic (adj.) 基因的
→gene (n.) 基因
e.g.: There is a genetic element to handedness.
5. automatically (adv.) 自动的
→ automatic (adj.)
e.g.: Neither left nor right handers will automatically produce off-spring with the same
handedness.
→ -auto-: self
→ autonomy= independence （n.）自治，独立
autonomous =independent (adj.) 自治的，独立的
7. stroke / a blood clot in the brain 血栓
8. paralysis(n.) 瘫痪
→paralyze (v.)
e.g.: Patients who had lost their power of speech as a result of stroke had paralysis of the right half
of their body.
When you are dreaming, you are paralyzed.
9. reverse (v. 颠倒，改变，倒转，使反向 adj. 颠倒的，相反的)
e.g.: reverse established trends
Left-handers do not show the reverse pattern.
→invert (v.) 颠倒， 倒转
e.g.: Attitudes are inverted.
→conversely= on the contrary
e.g.: Conversely, organizations with sound financial banking often underperform.
10. evolution (n.) 进化，演化
→ evolve (v.)
e.g.: The evolution of speech went with right-handedness.
The brain has evolved.
11. secrete (v.) 分泌
e.g.: Spiders secrete silk.
secrete hormone
12. hormone (n.) 荷尔蒙
→hormonal (adj.)
e.g.: The male foetus begins to secrete hormone.
14. male (adj.男性的 n. 男性)
→反义 female
e.g.: There are more left-handed males than females.
15. reinforce (v.) 增援，加强
→reinforcement (n.)
e.g.: The word “right” reinforces its own virtue.
16. subliminally (adv.) 下意识
e.g.: Subliminally, language tells people to think that anything on the right can be trusted.
→subconscious(adj.)下意识
→sub- : under 在…之下, smaller 更小的, less than 低于，亚于
e.g.: submarine 潜水艇
submerge 淹没
sub-region 分区 sub-health 亚健康
17. prejudice (v. n. ) 歧视，偏见
e.g.: Society is prejudiced against left-handed people.
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→bias (v. n. ) 偏见，倾向性，偏爱
ego: a bias against
反对
a bias towards 支持
18. feature (n.)
→characteristic (n. 特点 adj.典型的)
e.g.: Asymmetry is a common feature of the human population.
The characteristic patterns of voluntary absenteeism include…….
19. undergo (v.) 经历，遭受，忍受
e.g.: Left-handed people have undergone hardship for years.
Reading Passage 2
MIGRATORY BEEKEEPING
1. migratory (adj.) 迁移的
→ migrate (v.) migration (n.)
e.g.: In march, beekeepers prepare for migration at night.
migratory beekeeping
migrating birds
2. up to 高达…(强调多)
→反义 down to
→ more than 多于…(强调多)
at least 至少….( 强调多)
e.g.: It can take up to seven nights to pack the 4000 or so hives.
3. extension (n.) 延伸
→ extend (v.) extensive (adj.)
e.g.: These temporary extensions contain frames of empty comb.
4. temporary (adj.) 临时的，暂时的
e.g.: These temporary hive extensions contain frames of empty comb.
→contemporary (adj.) 当代的，同时代的
e.g.: The film reflected contemporary ideas.
5. frame (n.) 构架，框
e.g.: the frame of the web(网)
6. insert (v.)
e.g.: A screen can be inserted between the brood chamber and the supers.
7. extract (v.) 分离，提取
e.g.: The honey is extracted from the combs.
8. tranquil = quiet (adj.) 安静的
→tranquility (n.)
e.g.: The bees are generally tranquil.
96. reject (v.) 抛弃，拒绝
e.g.: After the honey collection, the old hives are rejected.
97. spin (v.) 旋转
e.g.: The honey is spun to make it liquid.
→rotate (v.) 旋转
e.g.: Rotating blades shave away the wax.
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Reading Passage 3
TOURISM
1. on the face of 表面看来
e.g.: On the face of it ,there could be a more trivial subject fro a book.
2. considerable (adj.) 相当大（多）的
e.g.: Social scientists have considerable difficulty explaining weightier topics.
→substantial (adj.)
e.g.: substantial funding
3. account for 解释，说明
e.g.: They have great difficulties in accounting for more trivial phenomena.
4. assumption (n.) 假设
e.g.: The assumption is that the investigation can reveal interesting and significant aspects of
societies.
5. apply (vt.)..(to) 应用…于
e.g.: A similar analysis can be applied to tourism.
→ apply (to) (vi.)适用于
e.g.: The rule does not apply.
→ apply for 申请…
e.g.: apply for the job
→ application (n.)
6. characteristic (n.) 特点 (adj.) 典型的
e.g.: Acting as a tourist is one of the defining characteristics of being modern.
7. concept (n.) 概念，观念，想法
e.g.: The popular concept of tourism is that it is organized in particular places.
→conception (n.)概念，观念，想法
e.g.: people’s changing conceptions
→conceive (v.) 构想，想到，考虑
e.g.: It is difficult to conceive why the government introduced the policy.
→ perceive 察觉，发觉，理解
e.g.: Employees are likely to perceive it as manipulative.
→ perception (n.) 观念，概念，洞察力，直觉
e.g.: It is within management’s perceptions of the employees’ ability.
8. definition (n.) 定义
e.g.: The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places of residence and work.
→ define (vt.)
9. short-term 短期的
e.g.: a short-term solution
→反义 long-term
10. proportion (n.) 比例,比率，部分
e.g.: A substantial proportion of people engages in such practices.
→ in proportion with/to 成比例，合情理
→ out of proportion with/to 不成比例，不合情理
e.g.: The pressure is likely to grow in proportion with the growth of cities themselves.
11. socialize (v.) 社会化
→computerize 电脑化 urbanize 城市化 commercialize 商业化
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12. provision (n.) 提供，供应
e.g.: New socialized form of provision have developed.
→ provide (v.)
13. character (n.) 特性，性质
e.g.: the mass character of the gazes of tourists
14. as opposed to 截然想反，完全不同
e.g.: as opposed to the individual character of travel
→oppose (v.) 反对，反抗
e.g.: We opposed the building of the motorway.
→be opposed to 反对
e.g.: The government is opposed to the plan.
15. anticipation (n.) = expectation 期望
e.g.: Places are chosen to be visited because there is an anticipation.
→anticipate (v.)= expect
16. sustain (v.) 持续，维持
e.g.: Such anticipation si constructed and sustained through a variety of non-tourist practices.
→sustainable (adj.) 可持续的
e.g.: sustainable development strategies
→ retain 保持，保留
e.g.: The cities retain the chief commercial center of the city.
17. reinforce (v.) 增援，加强
→reinforcement (n.)
e.g.: Films, TV, records reinforces this daydreaming.
18. tend to 倾向于，趋势
e.g.: Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them from
everyday experience.
→tendency (n.) 趋势
e.g.: Nothing is done about the tendency to drive cars more.
→ be prone to 有…倾向
e.g.: The best workers are prone to leave voluntarily.
19. feature (n.) 特点，特征
e.g.: Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them from
everyday experience.
→ character
→ characteristic
20. recapture (v.) 回忆
e.g.: The memory is recaptured.
→re- : again, back
e.g.: reassess 重新评估 revert 回复
21. subject (n.) 主题，科目，受实验者 (vt.) 使受到，使遭遇
e.g.: dissertations on the subject of tourism
the subjects of the research
The pre-linguistic infants are also subjected to the research.
22. pseudo- : false 假的
e.g.: pseudonym 假名 pseudo-event
→inauthentic (adj.) 假的
e.g.: The mass tourist finds pleasure in inauthentic contrived attractions.
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→artificial (adj.)人造的，假的
artificiality (n.)
22. generate （v.）发生，产生
→generation （n.）
→generator 发电机， 发生器
e.g.: It can generate power
the generation of waste
Packing is not the worst generator.
Falling water may be used for the generation of electricity.
23. constitute (v.) 构成
→make up
→account for
e.g.: The images come to constitute a perpetuating system.
Young women account for almost all the increase in heart attack risk.
24. object (n.) 物，物体,目的，目标
（v.） 反对，不喜欢
e.g.: They attempt to reproduce ever-new objects for the tourists to look at.
They are objected to smoking.
→ objection (n.) 反对
25. distinction (n.) 差别= difference
e.g.: the distinctions of taste
→distinct
→distinctive
→distinguish
26. in accordance with = according to 根据
e.g.: The role of the professional is to cater for the needs of the tourists in accordance with their
class and expectations
27. justify (v.) 证明…是正当的，为…辩护
e.g.: justify the study of tourism
→justification (n.)
e.g.: It has no justification.
28. alternative (adj.) 可替换的 （n.） 二选一，抉择，抉择
e.g.: create an alternative to the everyday experience
an alternative material
29.versus (prep.) 对
e.g.: tourism versus leisure
30. enhance (v.) 增加，美化
e.g.: The media can be used to enhance the expectations of the tourists.
Test 3
Passage 1 SPOKEN CORPUS COMES TO LIFE
1. provenance 起源
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e.g.: The compiling of dictionaries has been historically the provenance of studious professorial types.
1）origin
2）derivation
2. vibrant 振动的，有活力的
e.g.: It gives lexicographers (people who write dictionaries) access to a more vibrant, up-to-date
vernacular language which has never really been studied before.
1）vigorous
2）lively
3. up-to-date 最新的
e.g.: It gives lexicographers (people who write dictionaries) access to a more vibrant, up-to-date
vernacular language which has never really been studied before.
1）advanced
2）contemporary
3）current
4）modern
4. discreetly 小心谨慎地
e.g.: In one project, 150 volunteers each agreed to discreetly tie a walkman recorder to their waist and
leave it running for anything up to two weeks.
1）carefully
2）cautiously
3）considerately
4）prudently
5）thoughtfully
5. related 有关联的
e.g.: In the dictionary, key words such as “eat” are followed by related phrases such as “wolf down”
or “be a picky eater”.
1）affiliated
2）akin
3）allied
4）associated
5）connected
6. transform 转换, 改变
e.g.: It has transformed the way lexicographers work.
1）alter
2）change
3）convert
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7. vital 极为重要的
e.g.: The sifting out process is as vital as ever.
1）important
2）main
3) crucial
4) momentous
5) significant
6) major
8. prevent 阻止
e.g.: But in reality it is used, evidence shows, by someone to prevent the other person voicing
disagreement.
1) block
2) deter
3) forbid
4) hinder
5) inhibit
6) prohibit
7) thwart
9. reveal 揭示，展示
e.g.: It also reveals the power of the pauses and noises we use to play for time convey emotion, doubt
and irony.
1）demonstrate
2）disclose
3）display
4）exhibit
5）expose
6）manifest
7）present
8）conceal
10. convey 搬运，传达
e.g.: It also reveals the power of the pauses and noises we use to play for time, convey emotion, doubt
and irony.
1）carry
2）communicate
3）deliver
4）enlighten
5）inform
6）report
7）transfer
8）transport
Passage 2 Moles happy as homes go underground
1. detect 发觉，侦查 (undetected)
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e.g.: The Siegmunds had managed to live undetected for six years outside the border town of Breda,
in Holland.
1）discover
2）perceive
3）recognize
2. dismantle 拆除
e.g.: Most, falling foul of strict building regulations, have been forced to dismantle their
individualistic homes and return to more conventional lifestyles.
1）demolish
2）disassemble
3）take apart
4）wreck
3 conventional 惯例的，常规的，传统的
e.g.: Most, falling foul of strict building regulations, have been forced to dismantle their individualistic
homes and return to more conventional lifestyles.
1）accepted
2）customary
3）established
3）traditional
4 .submerge 淹没
e.g.: The foundations had yet to be dug, but customers queued up to buy the unusual part-submerged
houses, whose back wall consists of a grassy mound and whose front is a long glass gallery.
1）dip
2）immerse
3）inundate
4）sink
5 consist of 由……组成
e.g.: The foundations had yet to be dug, but customers queued up to buy the unusual part-submerged
houses, whose back wall consists of a grassy mound and whose front is a long glass gallery.
1）comprise
2）include
3）make up
6. extreme 极端的，尽头的
e.g.: It is already proving a way of life in extreme climates.
1）conclusive
2）drastic
3）exaggerated
4）excessive
5）extravagant
6）radical
7）terminal
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7. escape 逃脱
e.g.: Montreal, Canada, for instance, citizens can escape the cold in an underground complex complete
with shops and even health clinics.
1）evade
2）flee
3）get away
8. complex 复杂的，综合的
e.g.: Montreal, Canada, for instance, citizens can escape the cold in an underground complex complete
with shops and even health clinics.
1）complicated
2）confused
9. complete (adj.) 完善的，完整的
e.g.: Montreal, Canada, for instance, citizens can escape the cold in an underground complex complete
with shops and even health clinics.
v. 完成
1）conclude
2）entire
3）finish
4）terminate
5）wind up
10． massive 大块的
e.g.: In Tokyo builders are planning a massive underground city to be begun in the next decade, and
underground shopping malls are already common in Japan.
1）clumsy
2）coarse
3）strong
4）sturdy
5）thick
11. commercial 商业的
e.g.: Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avoid disfiguring or threatening
a beautiful or environmentally sensitive landscape.
1）mercantile
12. consume 消耗，消费
e.g.: Indeed many of the buildings which consume most land -such as cinemas, supermarkets, theatres,
warehouses or libraries -have no need to be on the surface since they do not need windows.
1）destroy
2）exhaust
3）waste
13. occupy 占
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e.g.: A development of 194 houses which would take up 14 hectares of land above ground would
occupy 2.7 hectares below it, while the number of roads would be halved.
1）account for
14. obstacle 障碍
e.g.: In Europe the obstacle has been conservative local authorities and developers who prefer to
ensure quick sales with conventional mass produced housing.
1）barrier
2）block
3）hindrance
4）impediment
5）obstruction
15. disguise 伪装 (undisguised)
e.g.: But the Dutch development was greeted with undisguised relief by South Limburg planners
because of Holland's chronic shortage of land.
1）conceal
2）cover
3）hide
4）misrepresent
16. chronic 慢性的，长期的
e.g.: But the Dutch development was greeted with undisguised relief by South Limburg planners
because of Holland's chronic shortage of land.
1）constant
2）established
3）fixed
4）lasting
17. comprise 包含
e.g.: It comprises 82 one-bedroomed apartments and 12 maisonettes and forms a house/ hotel for
Olivetti employees.
1）consist of
2）contain
3）include
4）involve
18. adapt 使适应
e.g.: Not everyone adapts so well, and in Japan scientists at the Shimizu Corporation have developed
"space creation" systems which mix light, sounds, breezes and scents to stimulate people who
spend long periods below ground.
1）adjust
2）alter
3）change
4）modify
5）vary
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19. develop 发展
e.g.: Not everyone adapts so well, and in Japan scientists at the Shimizu Corporation have developed
"space creation" systems which mix light, sounds, breezes and scents to stimulate people who
spend long periods below ground.
1）advance
2）flourish
3）grow
4）mature
5）progress
20. stimulate 刺激
e.g.: Not everyone adapts so well, and in Japan scientists at the Shimizu Corporation have developed
"space creation" systems which mix light, sounds, breezes and scents to stimulate people who
spend long periods below ground.
1）activate
2）energize
3）motivate
4）rouse
5）spur
6）stir
21. equip 装备
e.g.: Underground offices in Japan are being equipped with "virtual" windows and mirrors, while
underground departments in the University of Minnesota have periscopes to reflect views and
light.
1）costume
2）fit
3）furnish
4）prepare
5）provide
22. virtual 实质上的
e.g.: Underground offices in Japan are being equipped with "virtual" windows and mirrors, while
underground departments in the University of Minnesota have periscopes to reflect views and
light.
1）actual
2）basic
3）essential
4）fundamental
5）real
23. evolve 发展，进展
e.g.: Their home evolved when he dug a cool room for his bakery business in a hill he had created.
During a heatwave they took to sleeping there.
1）advance
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2）develop
3）grow
4）progress
Passage 3 A Workaholic Economy
1. increase 增加
e.g.: Increased production has been almost entirely decoupled from employment.
Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb.
1）add to
2）advance
3）enlarge
4）expand
5）extend
6）raise
2. shrink 缩小
e.g.: Employees who had been putting in 12-hour days, six days a week, found their time on the job
shrinking to 10 hours daily, then, finally, to eight hours, five days a week.
1）cringe
2）dwindle
3）flinch
4）retreat
5）withdraw
3 reserve 储存，保留
e.g.: Although the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved
largely for the unemployed and underemployed.
1）hold
2）keep
3）preserve
4）save
5）store
4 respond 回应
e.g.: Since 1979, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having
employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel, says economist Juliet B. Schor of
Harvard University.
1）acknowledge
2）answer
3）react
4）reply
5. profit 利润
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e.g.: Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb.
1）advantage
2）benefit
3）earnings
4）gain
6. supply 补给
e.g.: Professional and managerial employees supply the most obvious lesson along these lines.
1）offer
2）provide
3）afford
4）furnish
5）lend
6）supply
7. diminish 减少
e.g.: Diminishing returns may eventually set in as overworked employees lose efficiency or leave for
more arable pastures.
1）curtail
2）cut
3）decrease
4）lessen
5）reduce
8 .fatigue 使疲劳
e.g.: They make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to succumb to fatigue in
stressful jobs.
1）exhaust
2）tire
3）wear out
Test 4
Passage 1 GLASS — CAPTURING THE DANCE OF LIGHT
1. capture 抓住
e.g.: GLASS — CAPTURING THE DANCE OF LIGHT
1）apprehend
2）arrest
3）imprison
4）seize
2 .form 形成,形式
e.g.: Glass, in one form or another, has long been in noble service to humans.
Verb
1）compose
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2）construct
3）create
4）develop
Noun
1) shape
2) species
3) style
4) type
5) variety
6) way
3. versatile 通用的，万能的
e.g.: As one of the most widely used of manufactured materials, and certainly the most versatile, it can
be as imposing as a telescope mirror the width of a tennis court
1）adaptable
2）all-around
3）capable
4）competent
4. function 活动，运行
e.g.: These machines could function hundreds of times faster than today’s electronic computers and
hold vastly more information.
1）act
2）exercise
3）operate
4）perform
5）serve
5. equivalent 相等的等价物
e.g.: Consider the simple light bulb; at the turn of the century most light bulbs were hand blown, and
the cost of one was equivalent to half a day’s pay for the average worker.
1）equal
2）match
3）replacement
4）rival
5）substitute
6. compress 压缩
e.g.: Puffs of compressed air then shape the glass.
1）concentrate
2）condense
3）crush
4）press
5）reduce
6）squeeze
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7. rigid 刚强的，坚硬的
e.g.: Although it is rigid, and thus like a solid, the atoms are arranged in a random disordered fashion.
1）firm
2）solid
3）tense
4）unyielding
8. random 任意的，随意的
e.g.: Although it is rigid, and thus like a solid, the atoms are arranged in a random disordered fashion.
1）aimless
2）irregular
3）unorganized
9 tremendous 巨大的，极大的
e.g.: This looseness in molecular structure gives the material what engineers call tremendous
“formability” which allows technicians to tailor glass to whatever they need.
1）colossal
2）enormous
3）giant
4）vast
10. instant 立即的，即刻的
e.g.: Glass will change from clear to opaque at the push of a button that gives you instant curtains.
1）immediate
2）pressing
3）prompt
4）urgent
Passage 2 Why some women cross the finish line ahead of men
1. concentrate 集中，浓缩
e.g.: The study concentrated on applications for management positions in the $45,000 to $110,000
salary range
1）focus
2）intensify
3）strengthen
2 .isolate 使孤立
e.g.: Reasons for higher success rates among women are difficult to isolate.
1）seclude
2）segregate
3）separate
4）set apart
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3. exceptional 例外的，异常的
e.g.: She has probably already proved herself to be an exceptional candidate.
1）extraordinary
2）notable
3）outstanding
4）remarkable
5）unusual
4. thoroughly 彻底地
e.g.: Women tend to research thoroughly before applying for positions or attending interviews.
1）completely
2）fully
3）intensively
5. rely 依赖
e.g.: Men, on the other hand, seem to rely on their ability to sell themselves and to convince employers
1）confide
2）count on
3）depend on
4）trust
6. shortcoming 缺点
e.g.: Men, on the other hand, seem to rely on their ability to sell themselves and to convince employers
that any shortcomings they have will not prevent them from doing a good job.
1）defect
2）fault
3）flaw
4）imperfection
5）inadequacy
6）weakness
7. halt 使停止
e.g.: Sears said that this has halted progress for women in as much as de-layering has taken place
1）stop
2）cease
3）suspend
4）call off
8. trend 趋势
e.g.: Sears also noted a positive trend from the recession.
1）direction
2）movement
3）tendency
9. factor 因素
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e.g.: In business as a whole, there are a number of factors encouraging the prospect of greater equality
in the workforce.
1) cause
2) element
3) ingredient
4) part
10. demography
e.g.: Demographic trends suggest that the number of women going into employment is steadily
increasing.
1) population
11. enhance 提高，增强
e.g.: Network provide a range of opportunities for women to enhance their skills and contacts.
1）better
2）enrich
3）improve
4）uplift
12. series 一系列
e.g.: Through a series of both pan-European and national workshops and conferences the barriers to
women in employment are being broken down.
1）sequence
2）succession
3）chain
Passage 3 Population viability analysis
1. region 区域
e.g.: To make political decisions about the extent and type of forestry in a region it is important to
understand the consequences of those decisions.
1) area
2) district
3) location
4) section
5) territory
6) vicinity
7) zone
2. access 评估
e.g.: One tool for assessing the impact of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis
(PVA).
1) evaluate
3. predict 预测
e.g.: This is a tool for predicting the probability that a species will become extinct in a particular
region over a specific period.
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1) forecast
2) foresee
3) foretell
4) portend
4 potential 潜在的
e.g.: It has been successfully used in the United States to provide input into resource exploitation
decisions and assist wildlife managers and there is now enormous potential for using population
viability to assist wildlife management in Australia’s forests.
1) conceivable
2) hidden
3) likely
4) possible
5) promising
5. diversity 多样性
e.g.: The loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the
likelihood of extinction.
1) multiformity
2) variety
3) multiplicity
6. Catastrophe 灾难
e.g.: Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small
fraction of their average level.
accident
calamity
disaster
misfortune
tragedy
7. epidemic 流行性的，传染性的
e.g.: Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small
fraction of their average level.
1) catching
2) contagious
3) infectious
4） prevalent
5） widespread
8． persistence 坚持
e.g.: When allowance is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population size
necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may increase to several
thousand.
1） continue
2） endurance
3） perseverance
9 .occur 发生
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e.g.: A species that occurs in five isolated places each containing 20 individuals will not have the same
probability of extinction as a species with a single population of 100 individuals in a single
locality.
1) come about
2) happen
3) take place
4） transpire
10． recover 康复，重新获得, 恢复
e.g.: However, arboreal marsupials (that is animals which live in trees) may not recover to pre-logging
densities for over a century.
1) come around
2）get back
3）heal
4) improve
5) rally
6) reclaim
7) recuperate
8) regain
9) rescue
10) retrieve
11) revive
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