THE SCARLET IBIS by James Hurst
SYMBOLISM:
Symbols create layers of meaning in a piece of writing. They can add depth
to characters, and can be used to develop themes. Often, writers use symbols
to SHOW an idea, rather than to just TELL an idea. Many symbols are
instantly recognized by readers because they have become accustomed to
seeing them and interpreting them in literature and media. Other symbols
may require more thought to interpret, and using cues from the text can help
with this.
UNIVERSAL SYMBOL: A universal
throughout literature, and is used in
are usually easy to identify, and
for them to work. Generally speaking,
development.
symbol is one that is used widely
the same way all the time. These symbols
writers depend upon our prior knowledge
a universal symbol doesn’t require a lot of
PERSONAL SYMBOL: A personal symbol is one that a writer
specific piece of writing. Because the reader has no prior knowledge
the writer must spend time developing the meaning of the symbol.
develops for a
of this symbol,
ARCHETYPE: All archetypes are symbols, but not all symbols are
archetypes. An
archetype is, in Jungian terms, a collectively inherited unconscious idea. It is a pattern of thought or an
image that is
universally present in all individuals. Carl Jung
theorized that these
meta-symbols create a resonance in our cultural
psyche; that we
unconsciously recognize them regardless of our
educational
backgrounds. (It is believed, however, that
Western and Eastern
cultures interpret certain archetypes differently.)
What to do:
1.
As you read “The Scarlet Ibis” underline parts of the story that you think are symbolically
significant. Make a note in the margin of the story to briefly explain your thoughts.
2.
With a partner, review your notes. Discuss whether the points you have isolated are universal
symbols, personal symbols, or archetypes. Make a list of your ideas using the chart provided.
3.
Considering James Hurst’s use of symbolism, discuss one of the following topics with your
partner:
a.
b.
c.
How is the primal struggle between nature and mankind developed? In your opinion,
which is the victor, and why?
“The Scarlet Ibis” is the re-telling of Cain and Abel’s story. Explain how James Hurst
uses symbols to develop this theme.
Doodle is a blending of classical hero and victim of nature. Explain.
THE SCARLET IBIS
UNIVERSAL
PERSONAL
ARCHETYPE