AP Psychology Review
Directions: In Pairs see if you know the difference between these commonly confused pairs. The
answers to almost all of them are in order in the beginning
Independent Variable vs. Dependent Variable
Experiment Group vs. Control Group
Left Brain vs. Right Brain
Corpus Collosum vs. Cerebral Cortex
Sympathetic Nervous System vs. Parasympathetic
Neurotransmitters vs. Hormones
Lateral Hypothalamus vs. Ventromedial Hypothalamus
Broca’s Area vs. Wernicke’s Area
Identical Twins vs. Fraternal Twins
Afferent Neurons vs. Efferent Neurons
Assimilation vs. Accommodation
Concrete Operations vs. Formal Operations
Sensation vs. Perception
Rods vs. Cones
Classical Conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning
Primacy Effect vs. Recency Effect
Proactive Interference vs. Retroactive Interference
Implicit Memory vs. Explicit Memory
Recall Memory vs. Recognition Memory
Algorithms vs. Heuristics
Representative Heuristics vs. Availability Heuristics
Phonemes vs. Morphemes
Fluid Intelligence vs. Crystallized Intelligence
Validity vs. Reliability
Achievement Test vs. Aptitude Test
Intrinsic Motivation vs. Extrinsic Motivation
Theory Y vs. Theory X
Internal Locus vs. External Locus of Control
Type A vs. Type B
Naturalistic vs. Laboratory Observations
Negative Reinforcement vs. Punishment
Psychotherapy vs. Psychoanalytic
Schizophrenia vs. Dissociative Identity Disorder
Sensory vs. Motor Neurons
Positive vs. Negative Correlation
Obsession vs. Compulsions
James-Lange vs. Cannon-Bard
Nature vs. Nurture
Random Sample vs. Random Selection
CNS vs. PNS
Absolute vs. Difference Threshold
Authoritarian vs. Authoritative
Famous Contributors to Psychology and Experiments
In pairs try to guess what famous study and/or contribution they made to psychology.
Hawthorne Effect- humans being watched behave differently
Jean Piagetstages of COGNITIVE Development
Erik EriksonPsychoSOCIAL development (identity. Role confusion)
Lawrence Kohlberg- stages of MORAL development
Carol Gilligancritic of Kohlberg, girls/boys differ in moral development
Konrad LorenzImprinting, attachment of ducks with critical period
Harry HarlowAttachment, monkeys preferred cloth mother
Mary AinsworthStrange Situation, Secure/Insecure Attachments
Eleanor Gibson
Visual Cliff, crawling infants have depth perception
Hubel and Weisel
Feature Detectors, specific cells for angles, lines, motion
Ernest Hilgard
Hidden Observer in Hypnosis, Dissociation causes loss of sensation
Ivan Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
John B. Watson
Behaviorism, Little Albert
B.F. Skinner
Operant Conditioning, Skinner Box, reinforcement/punishment
Albert Bandura
Social Learning Theory, Bo-bo Doll, Social-Cognitive, self-efficacy
Wolfgang Kohler
Insight Learning- Cognitive component to operant, Chimps stack boxes
TolmanLatent Learning, rats run maze create cognitive maps.
Binet1st intelligence test, concept of mental age
Stanford-Binet
Terman, most widely used intelligence test, IQ formula
James and Lange
Physiological arousal followed by experiencing emotion
Cannon and Bard
Physical Arousal/emotion same time
Schachter-Singer (Lazarus Experiment) physical arousal plus cognitive label then emotion
Maslow and Rogers Humanists, unconditional positive regard, client centered therapy
Aaron Beck
Cognitive Therapy, change thinking
Albert Ellis
Cognitive Rational Emotive Therapy, challenge logic of patient
Eysenck and Myers-Briggs Trait Perspective- introvert/extrovert
Hans-Selye
Bodies response to stress (ARE)- Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
Solomon Asch
Conformity, line study
Stanley Milgram
Obedience- 63% go all the way
Muzafer Sherif
Superordinate goals to alleviate prejudice
Elizabeth Loftus
Constructive Memory, misinformation effect, false uncovered memories
Martin Seligman
Positive Psychology, Learned Helplessness
Noam Chomsky
Cognitive Linguist, Language Acquisition Device
Benjamin Whorf (Linguistic Hypothesis)- words affect
In pairs write as many terms/names/philosophies associated with the following
perspectives: Humanist, Psychoanalytic, Cognitive, Behavioral.
Eclectic (using all perspectives to explain behavior is most common)