Biology Exam 8/2/08
Name: _________________________________
ANSWER QUESTION 1 AND EITHER QUESTION 2 OR QUESTION 3
1. The diagram represents a transverse section through the spinal cord of a mammal to show a
reflex arc.
A
Dorsal side
B
C
Ventral side
(a) Name the parts labelled A, B, and C.
A ________________________
C ________________________
B ________________________
D ________________________
(b) Distinguish between reflex action and reflex arc.
Reflex action: _______________________________________________________________
Reflex arc: _________________________________________________________________
(c) The spinal column is made up of bones. What is their name and how many of these bones
make up the spinal cord?
Name: ______________________________
Number: _____________________________
(d) What are the functions of the following parts of the central nervous system:
Cerebellum: ________________________________________________________________
Pineal: ____________________________________________________________________
2.
(a) The kidney plays a role in excretion and osmoregulation.
(i)
Explain the underlined terms.
(ii)
Name two other organs that function in excretion.
(b) Draw a diagram of the human nephron and its blood supply.
Label the following parts: glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, loop of Henle, proximal
convoluted tubule, collecting duct, distal convoluted tubule
(c) The production of urine by nephron involves filtration and reabsorption.
(i)
Name the site of filtration.
(ii)
Why are red blood cells and proteins absent from the filtrate?
(iii)
Where is glucose normally reabsorbed in the nephron?
(iv)
Name the process involved in the reabsorption of glucose.
(v)
Name one other substance reabsorbed by the same process.
(vi)
Name the hormone involved in the osmoregulation role of the nephron.
(vii) Name one part of the nephron that is the target site of this hormone.
(viii) Name the process by which the nephron reabsorbs water.
(ix)
Why is the term reabsorption used to describe the movement of water and glucose
from the cavity (lumen) of the nephron into the blood.
3. Answer any two of (a), (b), (c)
(a)
(i)
Draw a diagram of a vertical section through the eye and label the following: cornea,
retina, iris, vitreous humour
(ii)
What is the function of the cornea, retina, ans iris?
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Name a defect of the eye that results in blurred vision.
Draw a diagram to illustrate the named defect.
What type of lens can be used to correct this defect?
OR
Name a hearing defect. State its cause.
Outline how this defect may be corrected.
Name three other sense organs of the body besides the eye and the ear.
For two of the named organs, state the type of environmental factor they are sensitive to.
For one named hormone give one symptom of its excess and one symptom of its
deficiency. Give one corrective measure for each.
Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a synapse.
Outline how the impulse is transmitted to the target cell.
Give the name of one neurotransmitter substance.