Cells Study Guide
Name: _________________
Biology
**Remember, this is only a GUIDE for the test with key
concepts and terms. PLEASE study the note packet, labs and
review sheets provided in class. A combination of all resources
will help you do your best on the test.**
-Early scientists used the LIGHT MICROSCOPE to gather observations to form the cell
theory.
Major ideas of cell theory:
1) all living things are made of cells
2) basic unit of structure and function
3) all cells come from other cells
Parts of a Cell and their Function
Organelle
Function
Plant Cells
Animal
Cells
Mitochondria
Site of cellular respiration - transfer of energy Folds called Cristae, has DNA and ribosomes
Yes
Yes
Ribosomes
Site of Protein synthesis
Yes
Yes
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough - Protein packaging & transport site, has ribosomes
Smooth - Sythesis of lipids
Yes
Yes
Golgi Apparatus
Processing & packaging center for cell secretions
Few
Many
Lysosomes
Produce digestive enzymes
Few
Many
Cytoskeleton
Network of protein filaments - keep cell's shape and
for movement
Yes
Yes
Microfilaments &
microtubules
Support, movement and cell division
Yes
Yes
Cilia & Flagella
Cell movement & circulation Cilia - many & short,
Flagella - 1or 2 & long
Yes
Yes
Nucleolus
Production of ribosomes (protein)
Yes
Yes
Nucleus
Contains DNA, synthesizes RNA & Ribosomes
Yes
Yes
Nucleic Acid
DNA & protein - genetic information
Yes
Yes
Cell Wall
Outmost layer of plant cell - support & protection
Made of cellulose & pectin glue between walls
Yes
No
Vacuole
Stores enzymes, wastes, water & food Large water
in plants - support
Yes, large
water
vacuole
Many
Chloroplast
Contains chlorophyll for Photosynthesis, DNA and
ribosomes
Yes
No
Centrioles
Microtubules that function during cell division
No
Yes
Cell Membrane
Selectively permeable - made of a bilipid layer &
proteins-in ALL CELLS
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cytoplasm
Makes up most of the cell, most chemical reactions
take place here
What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
.
Cytoplasm
DNA
Cell Membrane
PROKARYOTE
NO NUCLEUS
PRIMITIVE, (SIMPLE)
NO MEMBRANEBOUND ORGANELLES
SINGLE CELLED
BACTERIA
.
BOTH
CYTOPLASM
CELL MEMBRANE
GENETIC MATERIAL
(DNA)
RIBOSOMES
EUKARYOTE
NUCLEUS
COMPLEX
MEMBRANE BOUND
ORGANELLES
SINGLE/MULTICELLULAR
PLANTS/ANIMALS/PROTISTS
FUNGI
You will need to label these parts of a plant and animal cell!!!