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Chapter 7 Worksheet
p 1/5
Name:______________________________________
Chapter 7
1)
The bones, muscles, and joints together form the
___________________________ system.
2)
The ________________________consists of bones arranged
along the longitudinal axis of the body. It is composed of 80
bones, are the skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, sternum, and
ribs.
3)
4)
5)
The _________________________comprises one of the two
major divisions of the skeletal system.It consists of 126 bones in
the upper and lower extremities (limbs or appendages) and the
pectoral (shoulder) and pelvic (hip) girdles, which attach them to
the rest of the skeleton.
Almost all of the bones of the body can be classified on the basis
of_________________: long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.
Bones show characteristic _________________________which
are structural features adapted for specific functions.
There are two major types of surface markings.
A. appendicular
skeleton
B. Attachment
C. axial skeleton
D. Cranial
E. Depressions
F. Facial
G. Mandible
H. Musculoskeletal
I. Ossicles
J. Processes
K. Protect
L. shape
6)
___________________________________and openings
participate in joints or allow the passage of soft tissue.
7)
________________are projections or outgrowths that either help
form joints or serve as attachment points for connective tissue.
N. Skull
8)
The skull, composed of 22 bones, consists of the ____________
bones (cranium) and the _________________ bones (face)
P. surface markings
9)
The ________________forms the large cranial cavity and smaller
cavities, including the nasal cavity and orbits (eye sockets).
10)
Certain skull bones contain mucous membrane lined cavities
called paranasal______________________.
11)
The only moveable bone of the skull, other than the ear
___________________ within the temporal bones, is the
___________________________.
12)
Immovable joints called ________________________hold the skull bones together.
13)
The functions of the cranial bones include:
M. Sinuses
O. Stabilize
Q. Sutures
a. They _______________________the brain.
b. Their inner surfaces attach to membranes that _________________________the
positions of the brain, blood vessels, and nerves.
c. The outer surfaces of cranial bones provide large areas of ___________________
for muscles that move the various parts of the head.
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Chapter 7 Worksheet
p 2/5
Name:______________________________________
d. Facial bones form the __________________________
of the face and protect and provide support for the
nerves and blood vessels in that area.
14)
The Cranial Bones include:
a. The _____________________form the forehead, the
roofs of the orbits, and most of the anterior part of the
cranial floor
15)
A. Cleft palate
B. ethmoid bone
C. framework
D. frontal bones
E. lacrimal bones
F. Maxillae
b. The _________________________________form the
greater portion of the sides and roof of the cranial cavity.
G. Nasal bones
c. The ________________________________form the
inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the
cranial floor.
I. occipital bone
d. The _____________________________forms the
posterior part and most of the base of the cranium.
K. Parietal bones
e. The _____________________________ is called the
keystone of the cranial floor because it articulates with all
the other cranial bones, holding them together.
M. Temporal bones
f. The ______________________________forms part of
the anterior portion of the cranial floor, the medial wall of
the orbits, the superior portion of the nasal septum, and
most of the superior side walls of the nasal cavity. It is a
major superior supporting structure of the nasal cavity
O. zygomatic bones
H. nasal conchae
J. Palatine bones
L. sphenoid bone
N. vomer
The Facial Bones include
a. The _______________________________form part of the bridge of the nose
b. The _______________________________unite to form the upper jawbone and
articulate directly with every bone of the face except for the mandible
a. __________________________and cleft lip result from a lack of fusion
of portions of the palatine and maxillary bones during fetal development.
c. The _____________________________(cheekbones) form the prominences of
the cheeks and part of the lateral wall and floor of each orbit.
d. The __________________________form a part of the medial wall of each orbit
and are the smallest bones of the face.
e. The ___________________________form the posterior portion of the hard palate,
part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors
of the orbits.
f. The inferior ____________________________(turbinates) form a part of the
inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity (Figures 7.3, 7.9a).
g. The_______________________________, found on the floor of the nasal cavity,
is one of the components of the nasal septum.
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Chapter 7 Worksheet
p 3/5
Name:______________________________________
h. The ________________________(jawbone) is the largest,
strongest facial bone and the only moveable skull bone
(other than the ear ossicles).
A. anterior
1. The mandible articulates with the temporal bone to
form the
______________________________________joint
C. coronal
2. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
___________________ is dysfunction to varying
degrees of the temporomandibular joint. Causes
appear to be numerous and the treatment is similarly
variable.
16)
The nasal _____________________________is a vertical
partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides.
1. A _______________________nasal septum is a
lateral deflection of the septum from the midline,
usually resulting from improper fusion of septal
bones and cartilage.
17)
The _______________________(eye sockets) contain the
eyeballs and associated structures and are formed by seven
bones of the skull
18)
____________________________are immovable joints found
only between skull bones and hold skull bones together.
19)
Sutures include the _________________________,
_________________________, ____________________,and
_________________________ sutures, among others.
20)
Paranasal ________________________are cavities in bones of
the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity.
21)
They are lined by _______________________membranes and
also serve to lighten the skull and serve as ________________
chambers for speech.
B. anterolaterals
D. Deviated
E. ethmoid
F. Fontanels
G. frontal
H. lamboidal
I. Mandible
J. maxillae
K. mucous
L. Orbits
M. posterior
N. posterolaterals
O. resonating
P. sagittal
Q. Septum
R. sinuses
S. Sinusitis
T. sphenoid
U. squamous
V. Sutures
W. Syndrome
X. Temporomandibular
22)
Cranial bones containing the sinuses are the ______________,
_______________________, ______________________, and
___________________.
23)
_________________________occurs when membranes of the paranasal sinuses
become inflamed due to infection or allergy.
24)
____________________________are dense connective tissue membrane-filled spaces
between the cranial bones of fetuses and infants. They remain unossified at birth but
close early in a child’s life.
25)
The major fontanels are the ____________________, ______________________,
_______________________________, and _______________________________.
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Chapter 7 Worksheet
p 4/5
Name:______________________________________
Two major functions of Fontanels are:
1) They enable the fetal skull to modify its size and shape
as it passes through
the______________________________________.
2) They permit ___________________________ of the
brain during infancy.
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
The hyoid bone is a unique component of the axial skeleton
because it does not _______________with any other bones.
A. 12
B. 5
C. 7
D. articulate
E. atlas
F. axis
The vertebral column, along with the sternum and ribs, makes
up the _____________________of the skeleton.
G. birth canal
The 26 bones of the vertebral column are arranged into five
regions: _______________________, __________________,
_________________________, ____________________ and
_________________________.
I. coccygeal
The four normal vertebral curves are the cervical and lumbar
(anteriorly _______________________curves) and thoracic
and sacral (anteriorly ____________________curves).
L. fetus
In the__________________________, there is only a single
anteriorly concave curve.
H. cervical
J. concave
K. convex
M. intervertebral discs
N. lumbar
O. lumbar
Between adjacent vertebrae, from the first cervical (atlas) to
the sacrum, are _____________________________that form
strong joints, permit various movements of the vertebral
column, and absorb vertical shock.
P. rapid growth
33)
There are ______________________cervical vertebrae.
S. thoracic
34)
The first cervical vertebra is the _____________________and
supports the skull.
T. trunk
32)
Q. ribs
R. sacral
U. vertebra prominens
35)
The second cervical vertebra is
the__________________________, which permits side-to-side rotation of the head.
36)
The seventh called the ______________________________is somewhat different
37)
There are _____________________________ thoracic vertebrae.
38)
The thoracic vertebrae articulate with the_____________________.
39)
There are _______________________lumbar vertebrae.
40)
The _______________________ vertebrae are the largest and strongest vertebrae in
the column.
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42)
Chapter 7 Worksheet
p 5/5
Name:______________________________________
The ______________________is formed by the union of 5
vertebrae and serves as a strong foundation for the pelvic
girdle.
The _____________________(tail bone) is formed by the
fusion of 4 vertebrae.
A. 12 pairs
B. 7 pairs
C. body
Caudal anesthesia (____________________), frequently
used during labor (in childbirth), causes numbness in the
regions innervated by the sacral and coccygeal nerves
(approximately from the waist to the knees).
D. Coccyx
44)
The term ______________________refers to the entire chest.
G. false ribs
45)
The skeletal part of the thorax (a bony cage) consists of the
______________________, _______________________,
_______________________, and the bodies of the thoracic
_________________________.
H. floating ribs
43)
46)
47)
The thoracic cage encloses and ___________________the
organs in the thoracic and superior abdominal cavities. It also
provides ________________________for the bones of the
shoulder girdle and upper limbs.
The _______________________is located on the anterior
midline of the thoracic wall.
E. costal cartilages
F. epidural block
I. kyphosis
J. lordosis
K. manubrium
L. protects
M. ribs
N. Sacrum
O. scoliosis
It consists of three parts:______________________,
__________________, and________________________.
P. slipped
49)
The __________________________of ribs give structural
support to the sides of the thoracic cavity.
R. sternum
50)
The first ______________________of ribs are called true ribs;
51)
The remaining five pairs are called ____________________
(with the last two false ribs called______________________).
52)
Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus of the IVD into an adjacent
vertebral body is called a herniated (___________________)
disc. This movement exerts pressure on spinal nerves,
causing considerable pain.
48)
Q. Spina bifida
S. sternum
T. support
U. thorax
V. vertebrae
W. xiphoid process
53)
Abnormal curvatures of the vertebral column include________________, a lateral
bending of the vertebral column;_________________, an exaggerated cuve of the
thoracic curve; and _____________________, an exaggeration of the lumbar curve.
54)
________________________is a congenital defect caused by failure of the vertebral
laminae to unite at the midline. This may involve only one or several vertebrae; nervous
tissue may or may not protrude through the skin.