WASTE AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT PLAN IN DHAKA CITY (BANGLADESH)
TECHNICAL DATA
PART I WASTE TREATMENT AND ENERGY PLANTS
THE CONTEXT OF REFERENCE: OBJECTIVES OF THE WORK
THE MEF Company undertakes to manage waste streams coming from the city of Dhaka
by specific treatment platforms located in a strategic and functional position for a correct
management of the entire waste management cycle with the purpose of reaching also a
contextual production of thermal and electric energy.
This TECHNICAL REPORT aims to propose operational scenarios we assume as the most
appropriate for the management of wastes which are produced in the city of Dhaka; all
of this in order to provide to stakeholders the most complete information useful to the
necessary in-depth study.
The purpose is to draw up a strategic/decision-making tool which include analysis about
different technological aspects and about adequacy of the proposed intervention. This
proposal will be able to be discussed, further developed and shared with all the relevant
parties.
In particular, we define the technological and logistics contents of the plant that we
believe which is suitable for maximizing the recovery of materials and energy from the
huge quantity of Municipal Solid Wastes which are treated and conferred to the platforms
of Aminbazar and Mutuail.
From a methodological point of view, the implementation of the document was based on
two main sources of information:
- direct site inspection;
- analysis of the available technology.
Substantially a site inspection consists of the collection of a series of information that for
various reasons (e.g.: age of available documentation, lack of encoded data, the need
to seize the latest trends of market and territory development, etc. ) are not available on
paper or electronic format.
The analysis of the documentation involves the study of acts and documents of various
kinds (legislative documents, administrative acts, planning documents and tools, etc. ).
This analysis lets to delineate a complete framework to understand the local context and
TERRA SRL
UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA
STUDIO TORRESI
AIRIS SRL
STUDIO DIANESE
GRANDONI & ASSOCIATI
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WASTE AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT PLAN IN DHAKA CITY (BANGLADESH)
TECHNICAL DATA
to outline the development of project's hypotheses.
Due to the need to identify the social, economic and environmental sustainability of this
kind of intervention we have considered a must to proceed a full evaluation of all the
components and the design variables, even if the evaluation is inevitably brief.
In a case such as this considered - i.e. where local conditions are not clearly defined and
they are subject to rapid change more or less stimulated and guided
it is inescapable
the path of gradual refinement and adaptation of operational processes. For these
reasons therefore there are a range of conditions which have to be investigated and
which are related to the characteristics of waste streams and to their product
composition.
First of all, as for any other works, for the localization on the territory of the waste
treatment s platforms should be verified the compliance to the planning tools and
constraints for excluding any restriction condition that can preclude the correct
implementation and management of the plants.
In this specific case it is fundamental the coordination of the project with appropriate
policies to encourage the waste collection as much separate as possible. At the same
time, it has to be clearly defined the catchment areas and the collection and waste
treatment procedures, that is to say it has to be unmistakably identified prospects and
continuity of the material s supply in the case of high variability of waste transfer's demand
to landfill. The problem of waste's composition modification compels to modify
tecnological solutions (both quantitatively and qualitatively) with those may be available
on the local context.
The complexity of such a process is related to several issues. Although the technological
cycles are relatively known, the "raw materials/waste" represents the main unknown
factor, in terms of quantity, composition and origin. The waste supply could be indeed a
huge problem due to distances of the supply sites, continuity of supply and changes in
behaviors of the public/users.
The main objectives are to build a modern plant using the best technology available in
the market and to minimize impact on the environment connected to the new
settlements.
With reference to the criteria used for the choice of area, it has been also assessed:
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UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA
STUDIO TORRESI
AIRIS SRL
STUDIO DIANESE
GRANDONI & ASSOCIATI
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WASTE AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT PLAN IN DHAKA CITY (BANGLADESH)
TECHNICAL DATA
- environmental factors such as, for example, the environmental characteristics of the site,
the actual use of the land, the natural features of territory, the surface hydrology, the
impact mitigation possibility;
- techno-economic factors such as the proximity to consumers for the reuse of the energy
produced and the distribution of industries in the territory;
- social factors such as the sensitivity degree of the resident population to environmental
issues, the isolation degree and the distance from residential centers, any degrading
situations already existing, the offered possibilities to protect the settlements system;
- infrastructure factors such as the roads available for the site, the proximity to the main
connection arteries among the urban areas/villages of the interested energy basin, the
already existing infrastructures which can be used also for the traffic of the plant.
Contents of the TECHNICIAL DATA
The subject of this preliminary study have been the detection and analysis of the following
aspects:
- the need of urban areas and territory to identify alternative government tools for a more
effective and efficient waste s cycle management;
- the identification of the best available technologies according to peculiarities and
features of the context;
- the opportunity to determine and analyze the consequences and the positive and
negative effects resulting from the insertion of the plants in the local context.
This preliminary technical report is a strategic document, it is certainly not exhaustive but it
includes the essential contents to properly evaluate the construction of these facilities in
this context.
Thanks to the content of this report it should therefore be possible to proceed and plan
organization and management issues to assess porject feasibility.
For this study data, planning tools, studies and already available experiences have been
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UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA
STUDIO TORRESI
AIRIS SRL
STUDIO DIANESE
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WASTE AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT PLAN IN DHAKA CITY (BANGLADESH)
TECHNICAL DATA
used for carrying out an integrated analysis of the technological and environmental
components and for the right incorporation in the local community.
It s important to stress that the details level of the report contents and of the project
description was defined in relation to the characteristics of the intervention and the lack
of detailed information and data to let to take strategic and operative decisions.
On the basis of the gathered evidences it has been subsequently carried out the following
activities:
- formulation of hypotheses for organization and management of the facility;
- feasibility assessment considering the operative variables.
It will be described the design and management aspects of the main phases of the
process and the equipment used.
In the project analysis it has been considered aspects relating to the fulfilment of the
contractual requirements and specifications together with the issues related to the
functional and practical needs useful for the subject manager.
Furthermore it has been considered the possible interactions between project's plants and
the territorial context with specific attention to the potential impacts that may arise both
during the manufacturing and commissioning phases.
In this stage, the attached drawings do not have complete and specific details because
they are limited to provide a possible plant solution and at the same time to answer to the
project's objectives and to demonstrate the achievement of the requirements requested.
The adequacy of the project with the objectives of the service planned and with the
applicable laws and standards will not be sufficient condition for the facility
accomplishment. Subsequently to the preliminary analysis, the feasability of the plant will
have to be thorough in the subsequent project phases.
It is thus underlined the need of a careful investigation of the waste products categories
to get data about the qualitative and quantitative composition and their seasonal
variations. These analysis let to define fair sizing and structuring of the different
technological sections for the landfilling and consequently the supply of these two
treatment platforms.
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UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA
STUDIO TORRESI
AIRIS SRL
STUDIO DIANESE
GRANDONI & ASSOCIATI
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