The Internet & World Wide Web
The Internet is a worldwide connection of many
thousands of computer networks. These networks use
a common language, Transmission Communication
Protocol/Internet Protocol, TCP/IP, to communicate.
The networks are connected to one another through
communications channels, many of which remain
permanently open. The standardised organisation and
structure of the networks that form the Internet enables
the instantaneous transmission and reception of digital
data in many forms between computer systems across
the globe.
The Internet is a cooperative community of networks.
No particular body owns the Internet. It is made up of
many small parts in many different countries. Within
each country, there is an organisation that supports the
Internet and provides the main communications
channels. Within the world, there is a group that
coordinates the overall network. It is a facility which
anyone can use. People often comment that the
Internet belongs to everyone and to no one.
1 The Internet Network
The Internet is structured in an hierarchical form. At
the top, each country has at least one major backbone
network that carries Internet data between its main
cities and centres. These networks consist of highspeed communication channels that carry the digital
data. There are then many smaller networks that
connect homes, schools, universities and commercial
users to the backbone networks. A network of
channels are then used for connections between
countries and continents. Today, there are more than
500 thousand networks in all the countries in the world.
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Ne twor k C
eg. Tels tra Internet

Ne twor k A
eg. Edith Cow an
Univ ers ity, WA
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Ne twor k B
eg. Qantas , NSW
Ne twor k D
eg. AT&T, USA

Ne twor k E
eg. Apple, California
Figure 1 The Internet
The Internet consists of many small networks, which
communicate using the TCP/IP protocol.
2 Internet Channels & Bandwidth
The communication channels that form the Internet
backbone have a large but limited capacity for carrying
data. The amount of data a channel can carry is called
The Internet and World Wide Web
the bandwidth. Bandwidth is measured in terms of the
number of bits of information that can be passed
through a channel in one second. A channel with a 40
Mbps (Mega bits per second) bandwidth can carry
over 40 million bits of information per second. Internet
channels now carry data at the rate of billions of bits
per second Gbps.
The bandwidth is determined by the Internet channel or
connection used.
a. Dial Up
Dial-up Internet access is still the most popular way for
Australians to get online. Phone lines are designed to
carry analogue (voice) data, so a dial-up modem
translates information sent to your computer into ones
and zeros and digital data you send back to the Internet
into an analogue signal.
You will need a computer with a standard modem and
a phone line.
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Available almost everywhere
Cheapest form of Internet access for most people
Plenty of providers to choose from
Slowest Internet access
Performance can vary considerably depending on
location
b. ADSL
Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of
high-speed broadband Internet access that's increasing
in popularity as prices drop. Digital subscriber line
(DSL) allows digital information to be sent at high
speed over ordinary telephone lines and can carry data
and voice signals simultaneously — with just one
phone line, you can call someone without having to
disconnect from the Internet. There are many variations
of DSL technology — the Download speeds range
from 256 to 1500 kBps, upload speeds are less
impressive at 64 to 256 kBps.
You will need an ADSL modem which sends data over
a different frequency spectrum on the telephone line to
that used by voice traffic and to be within 4 km of a
specially equipped telephone exchange. Locations
outside this range may be able to get ADSL if a heavy
gauge wire has been installed or if optical fibre cable
has been laid.
 Provides an ‘always on’ connection — no need to
dial-up
 No need to disconnect to use the phone
 Ideal for video streaming, which needs to be
downloaded at high-speed
1
 Limited availability
 Can have expensive set-up fees and equipment
costs
 Upload speeds are slower than download
Figure 2 The Internet
Telephone connection
ADSL2 and ADSL2+ are also now available operating
over copper phone lines, in very limited areas and are
able to transfer data at greater speeds.
c. Wireless
Wireless broadband is the latest Internet technology to
hit Australia. Wireless Internet is broadband internet
access that doesn't use a telephone line or cable
network. Connection is via radio frequency bands.
You will need a wireless modem or wireless card for
computer or laptop and service provider.
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Provides an ‘always on’ connection — no need to
dial-up
No need for a landline phone to connect so no
phone rental fees
A wireless service allows remote access to the
internet and personal files as long as within the
network coverage area
Wireless internet is in its early days. Like ADSL
and cable, current services are limited and a
wireless service is not available in all areas
d. Cable
Both Telstra and Optus offer broadband Internet access
via the hybrid fibre coaxial cable that delivers pay TV.
Theoretically, coaxial cable can download information
at up to 27 MBps, but everyone else using the same
cable shares this bandwidth. Keep in mind that Telstra
caps upload speeds at 64 or 128 kBps and download
speeds at 256 or 512 kBps, depending on the plan
chosen.
You will need a cable modem, which connects the
computer to the cable network and have access to cable
depending on location.
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Provides an ‘always on’ connection — no need to
dial-up
No need to disconnect to use the phone
Fast upload speeds make it suitable for online
games or two-way video
Only available in areas with cable TV
The Internet and World Wide Web

Bandwidth is shared with other users, so access
slows considerably during peak periods
e. Satellite
If you live in rural Australia, satellite may be your only
high-speed Internet option. Data is relayed via satellite
to a local dish (usually positioned on the roof of your
house) and from there to your computer at up to 400
kBps.
Most satellite services in Australia are asymmetric —
the satellite dish is only used to download data. Any
information being uploaded — including requests for a
new web page, for example — is transmitted via a
standard dial-up Internet connection with a maximum
speed of 56 kBps. This means paying standard dial-up
costs in addition to the satellite connection and an extra
phone line to be able to make calls whilst on the net.
You will need a satellite dish and a high open place to
install it and a phone line and dial-up Internet
connection for uploading information to the Internet.
 Available almost everywhere
 More expensive to set-up than other high-speed
Internet options
 Only provides high speed downloading, so not
great for online gaming or where dial up
connections are not good
 Ties up phone line whilst online
Figure 3 Satellite technology
A satellite dish
The Internet involves a large number of channels and
data can travel many ways between different points.
The capability of the Internet to redirect data traffic
from one channel to another when the need arises is a
major strength of the system.
3 The Internet in Australia
Australians are very big users of the Internet. There
were over 13 million Internet users in Australia in
2004, which represents 66% of the population.
In Australia, the Internet backbone is provided and
maintained by Telstra Internet Direct and their partner
Reach. Telstra Internet Direct coordinates all Internet
network access in Australia. The Internet is supported
by a backbone network (Figure 1.2), which connects
the various capital cities. The network comprises dual
channels to ensure services are never broken.
2
Telstra Internet Direct connects to the global Internet
through high bandwidth underwater cables.
Bandwidths are1.265 Mbps to the USA, 200 Mbps to
NZ, 55 Mbps to Japan, 8 Mbps to South Korea, 45
Mbps to Hong Kong and 45 Mbps to Singapore.
The data is then transmitted through the
communications channels. Often it doesn’t all go the
same route. The computers that control the traffic
through the networks, which form the Internet, are
called the routers and are responsible for directing the
packets through the available channels. If one channel
becomes congested with data, the data is routed
through another. Because each packet has an address
on it, no matter which channel it passes through, it can
always travel to the correct computer.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Figure 4 The Internet Backbone in Australia
http://www.telstra.com.au/internetdirect
It is interesting to observe the growth of the Internet in
Australia. In 1997 Telstra's domestic Internet capacity
exceeded 100 Mbps. The bandwidth of the channels
was very small by today’s standards, Mbytes as
compared to Gbytes (Figure 1.3)
Darw in •
Ko rea
2 Mb
The packets rarely arrive in the order in which they
were sent. For example, packets that travel to the USA
via England will take longer than others that are
directed through other routers. The time difference
may be in the thousandths of seconds but it matters.
TCP is used by the Internet to control this problem.
This protocol keeps a record of the data’s original
order and as the packets arrive, TCP puts them back
into the correct order. TCP also checks for errors in
the data, just in case something gets jumbled during the
journey. If and when errors are found, for example,
missing packets or jumbled data, TCP gets the original
computer to send the data again.
Jap an
2 Mb
2 Mb
8 Mb
6 Mb
Br isb ane •
USA
4 Mb
12 Mb
106 Mb USA
Per th •
•
6 Mb
4 Mb
Adelaid e •
6 Mb
Sydney
4 Mb
8 Mb
34 Mb
Me lbou rn e•
4 Mb
• Can ber r a
8 Mb
4 Mb
Hob ar t •
Figure 5
To understand how TCP/IP works, it is necessary to
consider the network itself and the problems associated
with sending data across such a vast system. The
Internet is comprised of many host computers,
computers that connect and manage the smaller
networks. When data is to be sent over the Internet, it
is broken up using the IP protocol into small packets,
each of which contains some of the data and the
address where it is being sent.
NZ
USA
32 Mb
The Australian Internet Backbone in 1997
4 TCP/IP
Probably, the most important part of the Internet is the
data transmission protocol on which it is based,
TCP/IP. The TCP/IP standard describes a set of
methods for all Internet communications use. It is the
Internet's method of transmitting data and ensuring its
accurate reception at the receival point.
The Internet and World Wide Web
Figure 6 Internet Communications
Data travels through the Internet in the form of packets of data
containing parts of the message and the destination address.
3
a. IP Addresses
Each computer, when it connects to the Internet, has a
unique address assigned to it. The address is
comprised of 4 numbers in the range 0-255 connected
by periods. eg. 230.345.100.054. This is known as the
IP (Internet Protocol) address. All Web servers have a
fixed IP address and this address provides the means
by which they can be accessed.
When a personal computer is connected to the Internet,
it is allocated a dynamic IP address by which it can be
accessed by other machines. In this way, at any time,
all computers on the Internet have unique addresses to
enable others to communicate with them.
b. Domain Names
To make life easy for people who can’t remember
numbers, people can register Domain Names, for
example, company names or university names against
these numbers. For email access and Web access, we
don’t have to remember numbers but words. An email
address might be john.oneill@bigpond.com and a Web
address might be www.bigpond.com. In both cases the
addresses name the server which is to be used and
every named server has a unique IP address. Special
computers on the Internet, called Domain Name
Servers, store the myriad of domain names and their IP
addresses. When a user enters a domain name, its IP
address is quickly discovered when it is automatically
looked up on the nearest Domain Name Server (DNS).
Figure 7 .au Domain Administration Limited : provides a
list of accredited domain name providers
There are various types of domain names, the most
popular being .com, .net, .org and specific categories
such as .edu to denote an educational institution. An
extension may also be used to denote country (eg)
.com.au or .co.uk and so on.
c. Cybersquatting
Cybersquatting used to be a serious problem, whereby
individuals would buy up domain names with the intent
to sell them at a vast profit to the entity trading under
that name. Measures have now been put in place to
help to prevent this practice. In order to purchase a
commercial domain name such as .com it is necessary
to be seen to be operating as a business under that
name. An ABN (Australian Business Name) is required
to show that the person buying the domain name is a
business in Australia.
The Internet and World Wide Web
The World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)
now also protects against this practice. A famous case
here in Australia was Telstra Corp Ltd v. UCT Inc
2002, where UCT had registered domain names
1212telstra.com and 1212telstra.net. It was deemed
that: the Domain Names are identical to or confusingly
similar to the Complainant’s trademarks;
 the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests
in respect of the Domain Names; and
 the Domain Names were registered and are being
used in bad faith and consequently registration was
transferred to Telstra.
d. Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
ISPs provide access to the Internet and various
services. They provide a software package, username,
password and access phone number and provide access
to the World Wide Web and e-mail. In addition to
serving individuals, ISPs also serve large companies,
providing a direct connection from the company's
networks to the Internet. ISPs themselves are
connected to one another through Network Access
Points (NAPs). The major ISPs in Australia are Telstra
BigPond and OptusNet.
e. Web Hosts
Web hosts provide server space for email and websites
and normally offer packages based on the size of space
required and facilities. Basic services might offer for
example, email only or basic website packages starting
at 50MB of space and email. Larger packages will
offer more MB of webspace, multiple email and
extended database management (PHP and MySQL
supported) and so on. Web Hosts may also sell and
register domain names.
Web hosts provide FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
software on their servers that allow the administrator of
the site to upload files to the webspace.
Figure 8 Web packages available on the net
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5 Email
Figure 9: an email system showing the mail servers
When a person on the Internet uses a mail package to
send an email, the email is addressed to a person using
a common format of address person@server, for
example bill_hughes@bigpond.com As the email is
sent, the DNS is looked up to discover the IP address
of the server and the message is sent to that server.
When the intended recipient logs into their email, the
message is downloaded to them. The server knows
which message goes to which person because each
message is addressed to a person.
a. Attachments
The first email sent in 1971 was pure text and sent
using the @ symbol. However, nowadays we are able
to send other media such as animations, pictures,
movies and so on as attachments to our emails, making
email a far more powerful communication tool. Within
minutes of taking a digital photo in one part of the
world it may be sent to another country. This has had
enormous impact for global communications and
networking of major multinational companies.
of the 10.9 trillion messages sent around the world in
2003.
Given the global reach of the Internet, most
Governments have avoided interfering in Internet
issues preferring to allow the system to regulate itself.
However, the evasive and pervasive nature of spam has
forced them to deal with the problem. The major
global players now have anti-spamming legislation to
protect the user. Australia has the SCAM Act 2003
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b. Spamming
This is the term given to unsolicited, commercial
email, whereby the recipient receives “junk” emails
from companies trying to sell them something. It has
become a huge problem. In a single day in May 2003,
the Internet service provider AOL Time Warner
blocked 2 billion spam messages - 88 per subscriber from hitting its customers' e-mail accounts. Microsoft,
which operates MSN plus e-mail service Hotmail, says
it blocks an average of 2.4 billion spams per day.
According to research firm Radicati Group in Palo
Alto, California, spam is expected to account for 45%
6 Web Servers
The World Wide Web is a collection of Web servers
connected to the Internet. Web servers contain a
variety of resources that have been organised in a way
that enables other users on the Web to download them.
The Internet and World Wide Web
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This Act sets up a scheme for regulating
commercial e-mail and other types of commercial
electronic messages.
Unsolicited commercial electronic messages must
not be sent.
Commercial electronic messages must include
information about the individual or organisation
who authorised the sending of the message.
Commercial electronic messages must contain a
functional unsubscribe facility.
Address-harvesting software must not be
supplied, acquired or used.
An electronic address list produced using addressharvesting software must not be supplied,
acquired or used.
The main remedies for breaches of this Act are
civil penalties and injunctions.
Filters are available to guard against spam, but
sometimes may filter email that was correctly
addressed.
In this way, the Web represents a vast network of
resource sharing computers.
The Web consists of a large number of servers, which
contain the Web content and a large number of users
whose computers run Web browsers eg. Internet
5
Explorer. When a person uses his computer to access
the Web, he or she enters the Web address of the server
to be accessed and the browser downloads the main
page (Home Page) from that server. The main page
typically contains links to a variety of resources
contained within the server that has been accessed.
Stocks and Shares, The Web enables people to
monitor the share markets across the world and to buy
and sell shares online. The online facility provides
instant access to stock information and the capability to
buy and sell at the touch of a button (and without the
need for a stock-broker!).
a. Web Functions
The Web supports a number of different forms of
activities for users and it is this flexibility and
functionality that makes the Web the useful application
that it is.
Table 1: functions supported by the Internet and Web
Function
Information
access
Multimedia
Description
Web pages can be used to share
information globally and instantaneously. A
Web page on a server anywhere in the
world can be accessed in a fraction of the
time by other computers on the Web.
The Web can display media of many forms
including images, photographs, audio,
videos and 3 dimensional images
Document
sharing
The Web can be used to upload and
download documents between computers
and servers. A word document of one
computer can be uploaded to the server
and downloaded to another’s computer.
Data
streaming
Data from a Web server can be streamed
continuously to other computers on the
Web. In this way, people can listen to radio
over the Web, can view videos over the
Web and since the data can stream in 2
ways, the Web supports videoconferencing
and audioconferencing.
Database
activities
The Web can be used to provide users with
access to vast amounts of information
stored on databases. Users can view this
information and can often upload
information to databases.
Figure 10 financial applications on the Web
http://www.asx..com.au
Australian Stock Exchange
Online Shopping. There are now many vendors who
offer the capacity for people to buy goods and services
online across the Web. The customer browses through
the online catalogue and places things into the virtual
shopping basket before charging them to a credit card
to effect the purchase. Online shopping has become
quite popular especially with products that are hard to
find. On the Internet and the Web, the shopping
opportunities are worldwide.
b. Web Services
With all these capabilities, the Web is used for a
variety of applications that serve many useful
functions. The Web is now used frequently for such
activities as:
Home Banking. The Web enables customers to
connect to their banks and to conduct such banking
transactions online as bill-paying, funds transfer,
account reconciliation etc. More and more people are
using this facility to keep track of all their financial
transactions.
The Internet and World Wide Web
Figure 11: Online shopping
http://fragrancenet.com
Online perfume shopping
Online learning. Many people use the Internet and
Web these days to access their learning materials and
online courseware. Online learning provides many
opportunities and advantages as a support for
conventional learning and as a means to study at a
distance. Learners use the Web as a source of
information and also as a means of communication to
talk with the teachers and other students.
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7 Web Browsers
A Web browser is a piece of software that runs on a
computer with Internet connectivity. It allows the user
to access information from Web sites worldwide. The
browser software facilitates the connection between a
person’s computer, their Internet Service Provider
(ISP) and the network which is the World Wide Web.
Figure 12: online learning
http://flexiblelearning.net.au
Online learning resources
There are a myriad of other ways in which people can
now use the Internet and Web. There are online
auctions, online movies and online information of
many types.
Fig 14: How the Web works
http://www.thebeehive.org
Browsers come in many shapes and sizes and although
they share the same basic functionality, different
browsers offer different features to users. The most
popular browsers include Internet Explorer, Netscape
Navigator, Safari, Mozilla Firefox, and Opera.
Browsers offer a range of standard functions which
include:
 Navigation facilities;
 Bookmarks and History links;
 Display Options;
 Personalised features
a. Navigation Options
Figure 13: Airline tracking
At Flytecomm, users can enter the airline and flight
number and view the current position of the plane with
flight details sourced from a flight tracking database. The
page updates the image every 5 minutes.
http://www.flytecomm.com
The navigation options in most browsers provide the
facility for the user to go backwards through the Web
pages that have been visited and to go forwards to the
most recent page. If a page is taking too long to
download, it can be stopped. The browser can be made
to refresh the current page or to return to the user’s
nominated Home Page. Among the navigation
features, browsers can show the Uniform Resource
Locator of the current page and those of the links on
the current page.
Bookmarks and History Links
Browsers have features that enable users to store
bookmarks in the form of links to visited pages.
Bookmarks, as the name suggests, are able to be used
The Internet and World Wide Web
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to record a Web page so that it can be visited at a later
date. The bookmarks can usually be organised into
folders and files so they can be found again. History
links show all the links that have been previously
visited, a useful feature when trying to relocate a page
after the link has been disconnected.
Fig 16: Auto Forms Fill
A page showing some settings for auto forms fill in IE 5.
8 Voice Over IP
Fig 15: Internet Explorer Navigation
A page showing the navigation links as they appear in IE 5.
b. Display Options and Preferences
There are a many display options and preferences that
can usually be set by users within their Internet
browsers. The display options enable fonts and font
sizes to be set, the various menus to be displayed, even
the colour of the browser.
It is important to note that browsers render pages
slightly differently due to these display options and
how they support various protocols. It is important to
test pages on the major browsers to ensure that they are
displaying how they are intended to do so. Opera for
example tends to render fonts larger and so on. Some
browsers are better at supporting JavaScript for
example.
Voice over Internet Protocol (also called VoIP, IP
Telephony, Internet telephony, and Broadband Phone)
is the passing of voice messages over the Internet or
through any other IP-based network. The voice data
flows through the packet-switched network, instead of
the circuit-switched transmission lines. In many cases
the Internet signals travel through the conventional
telephone lines but in an Internet form rather than the
form normal telephone messages use.
Therotocols used to carry voice signals over the IP
network are commonly referred to as Voice over IP or
VoIP protocols. Voice over IP messages can be sent
on any IP network, even without an external Internet
connection. Many organisations are now using Voice
over IP for their internal telephony.
Personalised Features
As more and more people use the Web, the browsers
are becoming more and more clever in terms of the
supports they can provide to users. A very useful
personalised option most browsers provide is auto form
fill. When a user is required to fill a form with name
and address etc, the browser can prompt with preset
items eg. name, address etc. This can be a very useful
time saving feature when used.
Fig 17: Voice over IP
Telephony over the Internet
The Internet and World Wide Web
8
The are many advantages that come from using VoIP
in place of normal telephony. Some of the advantages
include:
 messages can be automatically sent to a person’s
VoIP phone no matter where they are;
 VoIP allows people to travel the world and to make
and receive phone calls through VoIP phone;
 Use of VoIP allows people to make long distance
calls and be charged at local rates because they only
travel locally in the normal telephone network;
 VoIP offers many extra services to normal telephony
 The service is very cheap.
But this is usually achievable with most broadband
connections. The bandwidth for videoconferencing is
usually recommended to be about 256 Kb/second. The
higher the bandwidth, the higher the quality of the video
in the videoconference. IP videoconferencing for
business use is very bandwidth intensive but for personal
use it can be achieved on normal broadband connections.
Most people in the world who use VoIP use Skype, a
very popular service that allows free voice
communication between computers on the internet and
cheap calls for the computer to normal telephones.
Fig 19: Videoconferencing over IP
Software and a camera is all that is needed.
Voice over IP and videoconferencing can be supported by
specialist hardware and soon we will be seeing
videophones as forms of common handsets.
Fig 18: Skype Contraol Panel
Skype is a free service providing VoIP for Internet users.
9 Video Conferencing
IP Videoconferencing (IPVC) like VoIP supports twoway or more video and audio communication over the
Internet. Previously videoconferencing was an
expensive and complicated method of communication,
requiring high bandwidth dedicated phone lines but
today it is commonly performed using Internet
connections.
Videoconferencing requires a camera and software on
the computer but is easily achieved. The higher the
bandwidth the better the video connection. For business
applications people usually need 30 frame per second.
The Internet and World Wide Web
Fig 20: Videophone
10 Remote Control over IP
There are many applications now where people are able
to use the Internet to remotely control devices. There
are, for example, telescopes that can be hired and
controlled from the hirer’s desktop computer to star gaze
and search. Recently a game park in the US was set up
which allowed people to hunt animals virtually. Yes, the
remote user was able to aim and fire a gun and actually
kill animals. This service was stopped quite quickly but
the concept gives some sense of what opportunities
people will come up with in the future.
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Links of Interest and Relevance
http://www.economist.co.uk/printedition/PrinterFriendl
y.cfm?Story_ID=3172188
How Googles Pagerank system works
http://www.w3.org/
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) develops
interoperable technologies (specifications, guidelines,
software, and tools) to lead the Web to its full
potential. W3C is a forum for information, commerce,
communication, and collective understanding.
http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en
World Intellectual Property (WIPO) portal –
information on Intellectual Property
http://arbiter.wipo.int/domains/index.html
WIPO site and protection of domain name registration
http://arbiter.wipo.int/domains/decisions/html/2002/d2
002-1066.html
Telstra v UCT Inc 2002 decision against UCT incorrect
registration of domain name
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Inter
net/Glossary.html
Glossary of Internet & Web Jargon
Test Your Knowledge
http://www.webopedia.com/
Webopedia - an online dictionary and search engine for
your computer and Internet technology definitions.
1.
What is meant by the term backbone in the
context of a computer network? Give an example.
http://www.learnthenet.com/english/html/70alan.htm
Under the Hood of the World Wide Web
2.
Describe how data is transferred between
computers on the Internet.
http://www.learnthenet.com/english/html/13wworks.ht
m
How the Web Works
3.
What is TCP/IP? How does it work?
4.
What is an IP address? Use an example to
describe how IP addresses are used.
5.
What is a domain name? Give some examples of
common domain names and strategies that can be
used to guess domain names.
6.
What is cybersquatting and what measures have
been taken to prevent it? Name a few famous
cases.
7.
What is spamming and how is this improving?
Find some up-to-date stats on this practice.
8.
What is a URL? How are they used?
http://www.cio.com/WebMaster/sem2_home.html
An overview of the World Wide Web
http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml
A Brief History of the Internet
http://about-the-web.com/
An internet guide for newcomers to the World Wide
Web
http://www.private.org.il/harvest.html
How do spammers harvest email addresses?
http://websearch.about.com/od/whatistheinternet/a/hist
oryinternet.htm
A Brief History of the Internet - To understand the
Internet, it's a good idea to look at its' history.
9. What is VoIP? How does the service work and what
advantages doe it offer?
10. Describe how the WWW works.
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/spam1.htm
Information on spamming on the net
http://www.spamlaws.com/
Laws in various countries to protect again spam
http://www.choice.com.au/viewArticle.aspx?id=10327
9&catId=100518&tid=100008&p=2&title=Internet+co
nnection+options
Internet connection choices in Australia
The Internet and World Wide Web
11. Explain the difference between a Web server and
a Web browser.
12. List the different types of functions supported by
the Internet and WWW.
13. What is a browser plug-in? Describe how a plugin works.
10