1900 Drought at horn of AFR, Brinell tester (Metal hardness tester) invented, Buganda
E Africa ruled by the Kabaka (king) with British advice, uprising in Asante, W
Africa, Boxer rebellion in China, Russia annexes Manchuria, Germany proposes
20 year plan to build naval fleet, Phosphate-rich Ocean Island (Oceana) annexed
by British, New Zealand annexes Cook Islands, Hurricane in Galveston Texas,
Scofield mine disaster, end of period of ragtime, start of jazz, End of sixth period
of Chinese literature * Meeting between Saints and President McKinley, reelected with 51% of Utah’s vote, Reed Smoot meets with McKinley, T. Roosevelt
meets with Saints while campaigning in Utah, Jul - Lightning-started fire at
Standard Oil refinery in NJ, Sep - 6000 die in Galveston hurricane - this leads to
the first commission form of government, Baseball's American League formed,
William Jennings Bryan runs on Free Silver campaign, Horseless carriages begin
to appear on American roads - about 8000, Open Door Policy with China in effect,
Chinese dislike foreign involvement, Boxer Rebellion kills 300 foreigners,
Foraker Act provides new government for Puerto Rico, UT – outlaw gunned
down in Castle Gate UT and souvenir hunters rip some skin off, Winter Quarters
mine disaster kills 200 in Scofield, death of English art critic John Ruskin, death
of German socialist Wilhelm Liebknecht, death of American essayist and novelist
Charles Dudley Warner, death of German physiologist Wilhelm Kuhne, death of
English philosopher and founder of Society for Psychical Research Henry
Sidgwick, death of American popularizer of history John C Ridpath, death of
English composer Sir Arthur Sullivan, death of German painter Wilhelm Leibl,
death of Hungarian painter Mihaly von Munkascy, AK quake 7.7, start of malaria
pandemic killing between 80 and 250 million until current, start of tuberculosis
pandemic killing 40 and 100 million until current, Pan-African Congress meets in
London – WEB Du Bois serves as secretary, composers Scott Joplin and Eubie
Blake pioneer ragtime music, Cary Nation begins attacking saloons with her
hatchet, End of Indian forced removal by US westward expansion, Chinese Boxer
rebellion, German Planck forms quantum theory, Oscar Wilde dies, Freud's "The
Interpretation of Dreams", death of Anglo-Irish author Oscar Wilde, death of
American author Stephen Crane (age 29), death of Humbert I king of Italy,
Roberts named British commander-in-chief in S Africa – Kitchener named chief
of staff – relief of Ladysmith – British capture Bloemfontein relief of Mafeking –
British annex Orange Free State and Transvaal and take Pretoria and
Johannesburg, Ramsay macDonald appointed secretary of British Labour Party,
Boxer risings in China against Europeans, King Umberto I of Italy murdered by
anarchist – succeeded by son Victor Emmanuel III, Commonwealth of Australia
created, Bernhard von Bulow named German Chancellor, William McKinley #25
reelected, Writers: Colette, Joseph Conrad (Lord Jim), Maxim Gorki, Edmond
Rostand, Tolstoi, Theodore Dreiser, Anton Chekhov, JC Heer, Ellen Key, Leslie
Stephen, Henri Bergson, Sigmund Freud (The Interpretation of Dreams), Bertrand
Russell, Wilhelm Wundt, death of Stephen Crane, Death of Oscar Wilde, death of
Nitzsche, Wallace Collection in London opened, death of English art historian
John Ruskin, Picasso paints, Gauguin reports on travels, Lawrence Alma-Tadema
paints, Cezanne paints, Renoir paints, Sargent paints, Toulouse-Lautrec paints,
film of Cinderella directed by Georges Melies, death of Sir Arthur Sullivan the
musician, Samuel Coleridge-Taylor composes, Gustave Charpentier composes,
Elgar composes, Puccini composes “Tosca”, FE Dorn discovers radon, Max
Planck formulates quantum theory, first Browning revolvers manufactured,
American scientist RA Fassenden transmits human speech via radio waves, First
trial flight of Zeppelin, Arthur Evans excavations in Crete – discovery of Minoan
culture, German Civil Law Code comes into force, George Cadbury founds
Bourneville Village Trust, “Daily Express” in London appears, Cake Walk
becomes fashionable dance, DF Davis presents international lawn tennis cup
(Davis Cup), World Expo in Paris, Ray C Wery of US wins eight Olympic gold
medals, WG Grace ends cricket careen with 54,000 runs, William Muldoon
proclaimed first professional wrestling champion, Top songs: “Strike Up the
Band”, “Flight of the Bumblebee” “Give Us Just Another Lincoln” “I Can’t Tell
Why I Love You But I Do” “Tell Me Pretty Maiden”, President Snow – last who
knew Joseph Smith personally testified, Missionary training courses started at
Church schools, Elder BH Roberts excluded from US House of Representatives,
Boxer Rebellion in China (Boxer is a bad transliteration of nationalist),
approximate end of Ch’ing Dynasty in China under Manchu rulers, Orange Free
State annexed by Britain, Northern Nigeria invaded and conquered by Britain,
Labour Representation Committee founded in Britain, seized lands in southern
Africa re-taken by British – annexation of Orange Free State and Transvaal,
British conquest of northern Nigeria begins, German Navy Law provides for
massive increase in sea power and arms race with Britain, Milton Hershey sells
caramel factory to start chocolate factory in PA – opens 1905
1901 Britain annexes Asante, W Africa, Separation of the church and state begins 4
year run in France, Bolshevik party starts in Russia (Russian Social Revolutionary
Party), Britain gains control over Tonga’s foreign relations, Commonwealth of
Australia formed, Death of Victoria of Britain, Edward VII reigns * McKinley
stops in depot of Ogden, George Albert Smith hears the shot that killed McKinley,
George Albert Smith meets with T. Roosevelt in New York, German population
density about 160/sq mile, Mar - F3 tornado in Birmingham AL, Roosevelt warns
that forest and water problems are most vital, Supreme Court separates U.S.
territories from incorporated possessions - eventually leading to AK and HI
statehood, Congress turns Cuba over to Cubans, Britain gives up control of canal
territory in Panama to U.S., death of Giuseppe Verdi the Italian operatic composer,
death of British authoress Charlotte M Yonge, death of Ignatius Donnelly the
American author and pro Bacon vs. Shakespeare proponent, death of FrenchGerman physicist and acoustician Rodolphe Koenig, death of Swedish explorer of
NE passage Nils AE Nordenskjold, death of Benjamin Harrison #23, death of
English novelist Sir Walter Besant, death of American humorist Orpheus C. Kerr,
death of Turkish general Osman Pasha, death of American playwright and actor
James A Herne, death of British poet Robert Buchanan, death of American
historian John Fiske, death of Russian painter Vasili Vereshchagin, assassination
of William McKinkey #25, death of Anglican Bishop of London Mandell
Creighton, death of Richard D’Oyly Carte the English theatrical manager for
Gilbert and Sullivan, 6.4 CA quake, Booker T. Washington organizes national
Negro Business League, Marconi’s radio transmission returned from across
Atlantic, King C Gilette invents safety razor, Karl Landsteiner identifies three
blood types, Willis Carrier invents industrial air conditioning, Death of Queen
Victoria in England, Edward VII rules England, Theodore Roosevelt president,
death of French painter Henri Toulouse-Lautrec age 37, Edmund Barton
inaugurated as first Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia, Boers
begin organized Guerilla warfare – negotiations between Kitchener and Botha at
Middleburg on amnesty of Cape rebels, Cuba Convention makes the country a US
protectorate, WH Taft becomes Governor-General of Philippines, Negotiations
for Anglo-Japanese alliance in London, Peace of Peking ends Boxer uprising,
William McKinley assassinated by anarchist – Theodore Roosevelt governs,
Prince Ito of Japan in St. Petersburg seeking concessions in Korea – negotiations
end without agreement, Negotiations for Anglo-German alliance end without
agreement, Treaty on building of Panama Canal under US supervision, Social
Revolutionary Party founded in Russia, Nobel Peace Prizes awarded to Henri
Dunant of Switzerland and Frederic Passy of France Wilhelm Roentegen and E
von Behring, Writers: Samuel Butler, Hall Caine, Kipling, Selma Lagerlof,
Maeterlinck, Thomas Mann, Strindberg, Louis Couperus, Wilhelm Meyer-Forster,
Charles Louis Philippe, Frenk Wedekind, Stefan Zweig, JM Barrie, Frank Norris
(The Octopus), BS Rowntree, James Bryce, cabaret “Uberbretti” founded in
Berlin, Rudolph Steyner founds anthroposophy, Rabindranath Tagore founds
Santiniketan school in Bengal, Gaugin paints, Edvard Munch paints, death of
Swiss painter Arnold Bocklin, death of Henri Toulouse-Lautrec, Feradin and
Holder paint “spring”, Mac Lieberman paints, Picasso’s Blue Period, Siegesallee
in Berlin – 32 marble statues of members of the House of Hohenzollernn, Film
“The Little Doctor”, Richard Strauss composes, Stanford composes, Dvorak
composes, Elgar composes, Ravel composes, Rachmaninoff composes,
Bruckner’s symphony performed posthumously, death of Verdi the composer,
Tenor Leo Slezak joins Vienna Opera, Ragtime jazz develops in US, Wigmore
Hall in London opens, Start of “Century of electricity” following the “century of
steam”, Max Planck publishes laws of radiation, hormone adrenalin first isolated,
Marconi transmits telegraphic radio messages from Cornwall to Newfoundland,
first motor driven bicycles, Wilhelm Maybach technical director at the Daimler
works constructs first Mercedes car, WH Nernst postulates “third law of
thermodynamics”, Mombasa to Lake Victoria completed, JP Morgan organizes
US Steel, Trans-Siberian Railroad reaches Port Arthur, Fifth Zionist Congress
begins Jewish National Fund, Oil drilling started in Persia, Boxing recognized as
legal sport in England, first British submarine launched, First American Bowling
Club tournament held in Chicago, popular songs “Yale Boola!” “American
Patrol” Rachmaninoff’s “Concerto for Piano #2”, President Snow issues
“Greeting to the World” MEX mission reopens, Japan opens for missionary work,
Church emphasis moves to local and stake levels, 12 and 70 released from all
local callings, death of President Snow and Joseph Fielding Smith set apart,
President Joseph F Smith gives Elder Reed Smoot permission to run for senate,
information booth created at Temple Square, Manchuria occupied,
Commonwealth of Australia established, Edward VII King of Britain (House of
Saxe-Coburg) to 1910 after Victoria, Terrorist activities increase in Russia, Russia
occupies Manchuria in China,
1902 Pelee on Martinique Virgin Islands erupts and kills ~26,000 - St. Pierre Snake
Invasion kills 50, end of second Boer War, Treaty of Vereeniging ends second
Boer War in S Africa, Alabama
Shiloh Baptist Church overcrowded to hear
Booker T Washington - one screamed “fight” and people misunderstood as “fire”
and 115 trampled, Anglo-Japanese alliance reached, treaties between China,
Britain, US and Japan, Ibn Saud captures Riyadh – beginning of Saudi Arabia,
votes for women introduced in Australia, Earthquake and volcano in Guatemala
City, Soufriere Volcano on St. Vincent Island erupts killing 1680, Volcano on
Martinique, Santa Maria Volcano in Guatemala erupts killing 1680, earthquake in
Ubekistan, Mercalli invents earthquake scale, Streetcars in New Orleans
segregated, Byzantine silver plates created 629 AD discovered, collapse of
Campanile of St. Mark’s in Venice after 1000 years * President T. Roosevelt
meets with Saints, Salisbury - Buffalo Bill’s partner – dies – BB Cody files for
divorce from wife - pubic turns against him as relationships revealed, Muckraking
articles and <i>History of the Standard Oil Company</i> published, Spring - coal
strike in PA - strike lasted through autumn, where shorter hours and higher wages
were granted, but were told their union wasn't valid, Danbury Hatter's Strike, MA
invents Worker Compensation - declared unconstitutional, U.S. defeats the
Philippine rebels, Philippines gain self-rule... not fully granted until 1907, A
Venezuelan blockade by Britain, Germany and Italy results in U.S. arbitration,
death of German surgeon Rudolf Virchow, death of English historian Samuel
Rawson Gardiner, death of Lord Acton the English historian, death of American
fiction writer Frank R Stockton, death of English novelist and critic Samuel
Butler, death of French painter James Tissot, death of American novelist Bret
Harte, death of American writer Edward Eggleston, death of American editor of
the Atlantic Monthly Horace E Schudder, death of French sculptor Jules Dalou,
death of American naturalist and paleontologist Alpheus Hyatt, death of
American legislator Thomas B Reed, death of American naval commander in
Spanish-American War William T Sampson, death of French novelist Emile Zola,
death of American cartoonist Thomas Nast, Hakkoda Japan blizzard kills 199
during military training exercise, End of Indian Famine killing 19 million from
1896, jazz Pianist Jelly Roll Morton performs, Popular Mechanics premiers,
Andrew Carnegie established Carnegie Institution, Teddy Roosevelt refuses to
shoot a bear tied to a tree, Egypt's first Aswan Dam, death of British adventurer
and statesman Cecil John Rhodes, Max Factor comes to US from Russia, AngloJapanese treaty recognizes the independence of China and Korea, Coal strike in
US May-Oct, National bankruptcy declared in Portugal, Treaty of Vereeniging
ends Boer War – Orange Free State becomes British Crown Colony, Triple
Alliance between Germany Austria and Italy renewed for six years, US acquires
perpetual control over Panama Canal, Colonial conference meets in London,
Arthur Balfour becomes British Prime Minister, First meeting of Committee of
Imperial Defence in London, death of Cecil Rhodes (Rhodesia), Leon Trotsky
escapes from a Siberian prison and settles in London, Writers: Hilaire Belloc,
Joseph Conrad, Arthur Canon Doyle (Hound of the Baskervilles), Andre Gide,
Kipling, Maxim Gorki, John Masefield, D’Annunzio, JM Barrie, Chekhov,
Arnold Bennett, Maeterlinck, Merezhkobski, AEW Mason, Beatrix Potter (Peter
Rabbit), JA Hobson, William James, Paul Hoensbroich, Benedetto Croce, Pauli
and Herbig, Werner Sombart, London Times Literary Supplement begins, death
of Sanuel Butler, Emile Zola, Winner of Nobel Prize for Literature Theodor
Mommsen, Gauguin paints, Monet paints, JS Sargent paints, Rodin paints, Olaf
Gulbransson becomes political cartoonist, Slevogt paints, Film Salome”, Max Klinger sculpts Nietzsche, Elgar composes first “Pomp and
Circumstance” march, Debussy composes, Edward German composes, Freerick
Delius composes, Leo Blech composes, Lehar composes, Massenet composes,
Sibelius composes, Enrico Caruso makes first phonograph recording, Oliver
Heaviside the English physicist states atmospheric layers which aid radio waves,
American neurological surgeon HW Cushing begins study of pituitary, Bayliss
and Starling discover the hormone secretin, French physician Charles Richet
discovers anaphylaxis, Valdemar Poulsen invents the arc generator, JM Bacon
becomes the first man to cross the Irish Channel In a balloon, Nobel Prize for
medicine Sir Ronald Ross, Aldof Miethe invents panchromatic plate, death of
German physician Rudolph Virchow, Aswan Dam opened, Casualties of Boer
War – 5774 British and 4000 Boers, King Edward VII establishes Order of Merit,
Anglo-American “Pilgrims” association founded, Metropolitan Water Board in
London founded, Martinique volcanic fire destroys town of St. Pierre, top songs:
“Pop and Circumstance” “The Entertainer” “The Glow-Worm” “Bill Bailey
Won’t You Please Come Home” “Because” “On A Sunday Afternoon” “In the
Good Old Summer Time”, T-rex discovered, Sutton deduces that chromosomes
separate for reproduction, Children’s Friend published, Relief Society creates
mother’s classes, Only remaining independent African countries are Ethiopia and
Liberia, British win Boer War and annex Transvaal and Orange Free State,
Anglo-Japanese alliance formed ending Britain’s isolation policy, Treaty of
Vereeniging ends Boer War, British and German fleet take Venezuelan navy to
force payment of debts
1903 Gilette invents disposable blade, Sokoto caliphate in Hausaland Africa taken over
by Britain, British viceroy of India (Lord Curzon) sends expedition to Tibet,
Assassination of Alexander, king of Serbia, Scandal breaks in Belgium over rule
in Zaire – 2 years, Panama secedes from Colombia with US backing, Boundary
dispute between Alaska and Canada settled, landslide in Alberta CAN,
Gainesville GA tornado, Heppner OR flood and storm * Reed Smoot elected to
Senate and Roosevelt supports him , Roosevelt visits Utah and becomes first
president in Tabernacle, first World Series, Annie Oakley on verge of stardom in
movies is smeared by Hearst’s papers in Chicago – was a poser burlesque dancer
and cocaine addict – scandal fought by Oakley with libel suits over six years, Apr
- Landslide hits Frank, Alberta, CAN, Dec 17 - perfect weather for the Wright
Brothers, "The Wizard of Oz" written, Congress passes Expedition Act to speed
up Antitrust cases, Elkins Act expands control over shipping, Marconi sends
wireless message across the Atlantic, "The Great Train Robbery" debuts, OR law
prohibits women and children from working over 60 hours a week, Colombian
skirmish in Panama leads to Panama's independence, death of German historian
Theodor Mommsen, death of English philosopher Herbert Spencer, death of
French impressionist Camille Pissarro, death of FW Farrar the Anglican cleric
who write and became Dean of Westminster then was involved in shady financial
affairs, death of English Roman Catholic prelate Herbert Voughan, death of
Anglo-American painter James Abbot McNeill Whistler, death of English novelist
JH Shorthouse, death of French explorer to Africa Paul du Chaillu, death of
Montagu Corry the English philanthropist and aide, death of French philologist
Gaston Paris, Panamanian declaration of Independence penned in NY, WEB Du
Bois publishes “The Souls of Black Folk”, Enrico Caruso debuts in NYC, Wright
brothers fly, death of French painter Paul Gauguin, Panama secedes from
Colombia, US gets canal zone, Wright brothers fly at Kitty Hawk, death of
Austrian composer Hugo Wolf, death of Pope Leo XIII, British complete
conquest of Northern Nigeria, King Edward VII visits Paris – French president
Loubet visists London – the “Entente Cordiale” established, King Alexander I of
Serbia and Queen Draga murdered – Peter Karageorgevich accedes to throne as
Peter I, Alaskan frontier settled, London Congress – Fussian Social Democratic
Party splits into Mensheviks (led by Plechanoff) and Bolsheviks (led by Lenin
and Trotsky), Coronation Durbar for Edward VI King-Emperor at Delhi, Writers
Samuel Butler (posthumously), Hofmannsthal, Henry James, Shaw (Man and
Superman), Gerfart Hauptmann, Theodor Herzl, Jack London (Call of the Wild),
Strindbert, GE Moore, Johannes Haller, Wilhelm Bolsche, Henri Poincare, Otto
Weininger (suicide age 23), Nobel Prize for literature Bjornsterne Bjornson,
Death of Pope Leo XIII – Cardinal Guiseppe Sarto becomes Pope Pius X, AntiJewish pogroms in Russia, death of Anglo-American painter James Whistler,
death of French painter Paul Gauguin, PW Steer paints, Alma-Tadema paints,
Building of Liverpool Cathedral, Joseph Israels paints “Jewish Wedding”, Gustav
Klimt paints, premier of 12-minute (longest with a plot) film “The Great Train
Robbery”, Delius composes, Bruckner’s symphony (posthumously), Oscar
Hammerstein builds manhattan Opera House in New York, death of Hugo Wolf
composer, Edmund Eysler composes, Juan Manen composes, Ermanno WorlFerrari composes, D’Albert composes, Elgar composes, first recording of an
opera – Verdi’s “Ernani”, Agnes Clerke writes about problems with astrophysics,
JJ Thompson writes about conduction of electricity through gasses, Orville and
Wilbur Wright fly, RA Zsigmondy invents ultramicroscope, Nobel Prizes H
Becwuerel and the Curies in physics, Arrhenius in chemistry, U of Liverpool and
Manchester founded, Wilhelm Einthoven invents the electrocardiograph, Motorcar regulations in Britain set 20mph speed limit, Emmeline Pankhurst founds
National Women’s Social and Political Union, Royal Naval College in Dartmouth
founded, Deutsches Museum in Munich opened, Albert I Prince of Monaco
founds International Peace Institute, German Hans Meyer climbs and explores
Chimborazo in Ecuador, Henry Ford founds Ford Motor Company, JP Morgan
founds International Mercantile Marine Company, Sixth Zionist Congress
declines offer for Jewish settlement in E Africa, First crossing of American
continent by car in 65 days, Richard Steiff designs first teddy bears, first Tour de
France, First post-season baseball series, “The Beer That Made Milwaukee
Famous” “Melody of Love” “March of the Toys” “Ida! Sweet as Apple Cider”
“Hiawatha”, Rutherford disproves Kelvin’s theory about the age of the sun due to
furnace effect minimixing cooling, Reed Smoot elected, anti mormon reprints
charge Mormons of paying for women converts and scandalizes Mountain
Meadows Massacre, harems, Danites, Carthage Jail purchased by Church, George
Albert Smith called to 12 while his father John Henry Smith was also in the 12,
Curies win Nobel Prize, Lehi 4th Ward created, Elisha Peck Junior named to
finance committee, Pope Pius X bans castrati performances, Alaska’s boundary
determined, Women’s Social and Political Union formed in Britain by Mrs.
Emmeline Pankhurst, General agitation about appalling labour conditions in
Congo Free State – Belgian commission investigated, Pius X Pope to 1914,
Panama achieves independence from Colombia, Russian Social Democratic Party
meets in London with split between Mensheviks (moderates) and Bolsheviks
(extremists), Proposal to increase administration and drop teacher status and add
standardized tests, Crayola crayons introduced
1904 French create federation of French West Africa, Entente Cordiale between Britain
and France, Russo-Japanese War begins, Final settlement between Bolivia and
Chile after War of the Pacific, presidency of Ismael Montes of Bolivia begins –
period of social reforms, Legislative council organized in Fiji, Plague outbreak in
Bombay India 4 years, Emergency code is CQD (not SOS), Surprise attack on Pt.
Arthur starts Russo-Japanese War, US gains control of Panama Canal, Russians
retreat through Korea, Tunnel created under Hudson River, Brits defeat Tibetan
troops, Treaty between French and British, Rolls Royce company created,
Governor-General of Finland assassinated, Trans-Siberian railway created, Ice
cream cone invented, NYC subway created, Herero Wars begin in Namibia with
Oct. Massacre, 2nd Polygamist Manifesto * Roosevelt honors Saints by having
President Smith on stand at World’s Fair – discuss persecution of missionaries in
Germany, Church actively supports Roosevelt – gets 61% of votes, World Series
(second) cancelled, Nov - First great dust storm of the Dust Bowl era hits Great
Plains, Russo-Japanese war begins, Drago Doctrine of Argentina claims that
foreign investors cannot use force to exact debts from Latin American countries,
but Roosevelt added a Corollary which stated that the U.S. had personal interest
and could intervene, death of Scottish author Samuel Smiles, death of English
painter GF Watts, death of Paul Kruger the South African statesman, death of
English poet Sir Edwin Arnold, death of English philosopher Sir Leslie Stephen,
death of French sculptor of the Statue of Liberty F.A. Bartholdi, death of German
painter Franz von Lenbach, death of French painter Henri Fantin-Latour, death of
American financier and president maker Alonzo Mark Hanna, death of British
drama critic Clement Scott, death of American historian born in Germany HE von
Holst, death of Czech composer Anton Dvorak, death of Sir Henry M Stanley the
English journalist and explorer in Africa, AK quake 7.3, “Mother of the Blues”
Ma Raines begins Vaudeville tour, Russo-Japanese war begins in Manchuria,
Entente Cordiale between England and France, Max Weber's "The Protestant
Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, death of Russian author Anton Chekhov,
Russo-Japanese War break out in Feb – Japanese besiege Port Arthur and occupy
Seoul – Russian Minister of the Interior Viacheslav Plehve assassinated – Russian
fleet partially destroyed – Russians defeated in China, Rafael Reyes becomes
dictator of Colombia, Heroros and Hottentots revolt in German South West Africa,
Treaty between Bolivia and Chile, Theodore Roosevelt wins, Nikola Pasic
becomes Serbian Prime Minister – nationalist anti-Austrian, death of Leslie
Stephen English author, Writers: GK Chesterton, Joseph Conrad, WH Hudson,
Jack London, Romain Rolland, James Barrie (Peter Pan), Anton Chekhov,
Thomas Hardy, JM Synge, Elizabeth Forster-Nietzsche, Lafcadio Heard,
Hermann Oncken, Freud, Max Weber (Protestant Ethic and birth od Capitalism),
Max Halbe, Hermann Hesse, O Henry, Frank Wedekind, Henry James, LT
Hobhouse, Chruch and State separated in France, Abbey Theater in Dublin
founded, Max Beerbohm draws, Picasso paints, Henri Rousseau paints, Films
include “LE Barbier de Seville” and “Le Damnation de Faust” death of composer
Anton Dvorak, Delius composes, Puccini composes “Madame Butterfly”, Richard
Strauss composes, First radio transmission of music at Austria, London
Symphony Orchestra gives its first concert, Victor Herbert composes, Leos
Janacek composes, Rutherford and Soddy postulate general theory of radioactivity,
JPL Elster devises first practical radioactive cell, first use of ultraviolet lamps,
WC Gorgas eradicates yellow fever in Panama Canal Zone, Work re-starts on
Panama Canal, Rolls-Royce Company founded, Nobel Prizes – Rayleigh for
physics and William ramsay for chemistry, Marie Curie writes about radioactive
research, First telegraphic transmission of photographs, Sir John Fleming uses
thermionic tube to generate radio waves, FS Kipping discovers silicones, World
Series between Giants and Boston called off as a result to dispute with John
McGraw, “Elwood” F Prior up wins Kentucky Derby, American Walter J Travis
wins British amateur golf, US amateur won by H Chandler Egan – US open won
by Will Anderson, 10-hour work day established in France, Paris Conference on
white slave trade, Drink Licensing Laws in Britain, Broadway subway opened in
New York, World Expo and first American Olympics in St. Louis, New York
Policeman arrests woman for smoking cigarette in public, German industrialist
Carl Duisberg creates IG Farben Company, Carl Lindstrom Company founded in
Berlin for production of phonographs and records, Deaf and blind Helen Keller
graduated from Radcliffe College, First trenches used in Russo-Japanese war,
First Vanderbilt cup auto race won my Mercedes, National Ski Association of
America formed in MI, Jean Jaures issues socialist newspaper, US Lawn Tennis
Men’s Singles – Holcombe Ward and Women’s by may G. Sutton, Steerage rates
for immigrants to US cut to ten dollars by foreign lines, First railroad tunnel under
North River (Hudson) between Manhattan and New Jersey, Top song: I’m a
Yankee Doodle Dandy” “Give My Regards to Broadway” “Meet Me St. Louis,
Louis” “Un Bel Di Madame Butterfly”, Entomologist Kirkaldy names several
species names ending with chisme (kiss me), Second Manifesto issued listing
excommunication for polygamy and worldwide enforcement. Two Quorum
members left quorum. Elder Cowley remains faithful member and Elder John W
Taylor excommunicated later for new polygamous relationship, Elder Hugh B
Brown preaches to 17 families who left Church of England and sought new pastor.
All baptized within 6 months, tract in Independence MO purchased, RussoJapanese War ends with treaty in 1905, Tibet opened for trade, Russia and Japan
at war to 1905, <i>Entente cordiale</i> between Britain and France, British
explorer Sir Francis Younghusband leads expedition to Tibet – treaty opens Tibet
for trade,
1905 End of separation of church and state in France, end of Belgium scandal over
Zaire, end of Russo-Japanese war, Kaiser William II visits Tangier and provokes
crisis with France, Maji-Maji rebellion in Tanzania, Japan presses Korea to sign a
treaty whereby Japan “protects” Korea, Japanese navy fights and defeats Russian
fleet at Tsushima strait, Revolution in Russia, Norway breaks away from Sweden
– elects King Haakon VII, Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan formed in
Canada, British New Guinea becomes possession of Australia – renamed Papua,
Earthquake in Italy, Earthquakes in India kill 20 K, Japan wins Russo-Japanese
War, “Bloody Sunday” massacre between troops and workers in St. Petersburg,
Tsar Nicholas II creates elected assembly, Russian troops lose 100,000 in five
days amid retreats, Mata Hari in Paris, Vegas founded, Togo of Japan destroys
Russian fleet, Norway and Sweden union dissolves, Connaught/Prussian princess
marries prince of Sweden, Russian mutiny, Saskatchewan and Alberta CAN
established, British Dreadnought ship revealed, triggering arms race, Tsar forced
to grant constitution, Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of
Norway, Sinn Fein in Ireland founded for independence, Einstein publishes,
Druidic rituals at Stonehenge begins, U-Boats made * Saints extol Teddy
Roosevelt as fair and honest, second World Series, Nov - Ship runs aground near
Duluth, MN causing sailors to freeze, End of Russo-Japanese war with U.S.
moderating the treaty, Dominican Republic becomes U.S. protectorate. Death of
German painter Adolf Menzel, death of Sir John Burdon-Sanderson the English
physiologist, death of French author Jules Verne, death of American actor Joseph
Jefferson, death of Alfred Waterhouse the English architect who used structural
ironwork, death of Belgian painter and sculptor Constantin Meunier, death of
German-American conductor Theodore Thomas, death of English actor Henry
Irving, death of Scottish classical scholar Sir Richard C Jebb, death of French
painter Berthe Morisot, Mongolia quake 8.4, Dorchester woman killed for murder
Mary Channing killed in old Roman ampitheater, First national black paper
founded in Chicago, Einstein introduces special theory of relativity, Revolution in
Russia against Tsar, end of Picasso’s “blue period”, Port Arthur surrenders to the
Japanese – Demonstrations in St. Petersburg brutally crushed by the police
(“Bloody Sunday”) Russian defeats at Mukden and in Tsushima Straits – William
II of Germany and Nicholas II sign treaty of Bjorko for mutual help in Europe –
Imperial Duma (Russian Parliament) created – Treaty of Portsmouth ends war
(Theodore Roosevelt mediates), General strike in Russia – first workers’ soviet
formed in St. Petersburg – Sailors mutiny on battleship Potemkin – Czar’s
“October Manifesto” establishes reforms, Louis Botha and “Het Volk” party
demand responsible government in Transvaal and are dissatisfied with new
constitution, Greeks in Crete revolt against Turks, Tangier Crisis precipitated by
Kaiser’s visit, Norwegian parliament decides on separation from Sweden – Prince
Charles of Denmark elected King Haakon VII of Norway, Anglo-Japanese
alliance renewed for 10 years, Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan formed in
Canada, Sinn Fein Party founded in Dublin, Theodore Roosevelt inaugurated for
second term, Henry Campbell-Bannerman (Liberal) as Prime Minister of Britain,
Sun Yat-Sen founds union of secret societies to expel Manchus from China,
William Haywood and others found International Workers of the World
(Wobblies), death of English actor Henry Irving, death of Jules Verne, death of
American author Lew Wallace, Writers: Tristan Bernard, Strindberg, H.G. Wells,
Edith Wharton, Oscar Wilde (posth), Richard Beer-Hoffmann, Hermann Hesse,
F.T. Marinetti, Christian Morgenstern, Riike, EM Forster, Baroness Orczy
(Scarlet Pimpernel), Wilhelm Dilthry, George Santayana, Bernard Shaw (play
shut down after one performance for censor), Belasco produces “Girl of the
Golden West” later made into opera by Puccini, Lenin writes, Cezanne paints,
“Les Gaubes” christen by Louis Vauxcelles, Picasso arrives in Paris and begins
“Pink Period” until 1906, Painters: Henri Rousseau, JS Sargent, W Holman Hunt,
Matisse, death of German painter Adolf Menzel, first regular cinema established
in Pittsburgh, French film “Potemkin”, Jacob Epstein the American sculptor
settles in London, Debussy composes, Franz Lehar composes “The Merry
Widow”, first American opera in Europe “Zenobia” by LA Coerne, Albert
Schweitzer writes about J.S. Bach, Sir Thomas Beecham makes debut as music
conductor in London, Victor Herbert composes “The Red Mill” operetta in New
York, Albert Einstein formulates Special Theory of Relativity and establishes law
of mass-energy equivalence – Brownian theory of motion and photon theory of
light too, Sigmund Freud writes regarding theory of sex, Nobel prize for medicine
awarded to Robert Koch, Rayon yarn manufactured commercially through viscose
process, Ty Cobb begins major league baseball career, London Auto Association
founded, Austin Motor Company founded in England, first motor busses in
London – underground lines for Piccadilly and Bakerloo opened, first neon signs
appear, World boxing champion James Jeffries retires undefeated, Cullinan
diamond becomes largest found to that date at 3000 carats, Mount Wilson
observatory completed in CA, Rotary Club founded, Second World Series,
Russian fleet decimated by Japanese maneuvers, Top songs: “Daddy’s Little Girl”
“In My Merry Oldsmobile” “Mary’s a Grand Old Name” “My Gal Sal” “In the
Shade of the Old Apple Tree”, IWorkersWorld built from people opposed to AF
of L, 1905 – Assassination of former governor of Idaho Frank Steunenberg by
bomb at his home. Harry Orchard (alias) accused and he indicates being hired by
Bill Haywood – Western Federation of Miners union boss – Haywood acquitted
1907, spedial theory of relativity published by Einstein, Merezhkovsky suggests
chloroplasts originate from cyanobacteria – rediscovered in 1960s, Joseph Smith
Memorial dedicated in VT, first purchases of Mack farm in VT area, LDS
Hospital in Salt Lake created, treaty ends Russo-Japanese War with Teddy
Roosevelt serving as arbitrator, Russion Revolution and strike crushed, Battle of
Tsushima, Moroccan crisis between France and Germany, Union of Sweden and
Norway ends – Prince Carl of Denmark chosen as King Haakon VII of Norway to
1957, Reforming liberal government in Britain, Port Arthur China (Russian) falls
to Japan, Battle of Mukden – Russian defeat, Battle of Tsushima – Russian fleet
destroyed by Japanese – Treaty of Portsmouth ends Russo-Japanese War,
“Bloody Sunday” in Russia – troops fire on workers in St. Petersburg killing
several with general strike and revolution – October Manifesto by Tsar Nicholas
II gives limited reforms, Bengal partitioned arousing strong nationalist feelings in
India, Hershey’s Chocolate company opens
1906 SF Earthquake 7.8, Vacuum tube invented, Tripartite pact seeks to preserve
integrity of Ethiopia, Liberal government comes to power in Britain, Navy arms
race escalates in Europe, Alaska elects delegate to US Congress, Cuba occupied
by US forces after a revolt, Britain and France rule over New Hebrides in Oceana,
Florida Keys cyclone, Earthquake in Chile, Japanese earthquake, Cyclone and
storm surge in Hong Kong, earthquake off coast of Colombia and Ecuador kills
1000 est 8.8, Typhoon hits Tahiti, British launch “Dreadnought” battleship,
Traian Vuia flies self-propelled aircraft, Vesuvius erupts, Swedish riots, Irish
crown jewels stolen, Hong Kong typhoon, S.O.S. created as universal help, San
Francisco segregates Japanese, Roosevelt goes to Panama, First radio broadcast,
first Tb immunizations, 2nd Geneva convention * Roosevelt extends open
invitation to George Albert Smith, FDR fails the same law class that J. Reuben
Clark passes, Hepburn Act gives Interstate Commerce Commission more
authority, Pure Food and Drug Act passed, Vacuum tube invented, Congress
passes Employers' Liability Act providing for worker's compensation - declared
unconstitutional, Teddy Roosevelt receives Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating end
of Russo-Japanese war, death of Belgian painter Alfred Stevens, death of
Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen, death of American general John McAllister
Schofield, death of American airplane pioneer Samuel P. Langley, death of
American merchant and publisher Marshall Field, death of German liberal
politician and Bismarck’s opponent, Eugen Richter, death of French painter Paul
Cezanne, death of John K Paint the American musicologist, death of German
philosopher Eduard von Hartmann, death of French historian Albert Sorel, death
of Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, State Federation of Colored Women’s
Clubs encorporates first black fraternity at Cornell, Frederick Hopkins identifies
vitamins and their role in nutrition, First Russian Duma, Cézanne dies, death of
French physicist Pierre Curie, Algeciras Conference gives France and Spain
control of Morocco, Armand Fallieres elected President of France, Reform Laws
promulgated in Russia – first meeting of Duma in May – dissolved in July, Joao
Franco becomes Prime Minister of Spain – Giovanni Giolitti of Italy and Peter
Stolypin of Russia, Alfred Dreyfus rehabilitated, Edward VIII of England and
William II of Germany meet, Self-Government granted to the Transvaal and
Orange River Colonies, All India Moslem League founded by Aga Khan,
Magazine writer Maximilian Harden attacks Emperor William and corrupt court
camarilla, death of German-American statesman Carl Schurz, Young Turks
committee moves form Geneva to Salonika, US troops occupy Cuba after
reconciliation following Liberal revolt fails, British ultimatum forces Turkey to
cede Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, President Theodore Roosevelt visits Panama Canal,
Plays and books: George M Cohan, Algernon Blackwood, John Galsworthy, Paul
Claudel, Pinero, Karl Gjellerup, O Henry, Gerhart Hauptmann, Edgar Wallace,
John Galsworthy, Upton Sinclair (The Jungle), LT Hobhouse, Albert Schweitzer
(Quest of the Historical Jesus), Bernard Shaw (Man and Superman) (and others),
Nazimova debuts in “Hedda Gabler”, Ruth St. Denis introduces modern dancing,
death of American Negro poet, PL Dunbar, death of Norwegian dramatist Henrik
Ibsen, Andre Antoine takes over management of Odeon Theater in paris, death of
French historian Albert Sorel, Winston S. Churchill writes about his father,
“English Hymnal” collected, death of German philosopher Eduard von Hartmann,
Jesuit general Franz X Wernz reforms the order, Art: Andre Derain, Georges
Rouault, Aristide Maillol, Walter Sickert, death of Paul Cezanne, Composers:
Massenet, Ethel Smyth, Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, Max von Schillings, Elgar,
Mozart Festival in Slazburg, Geraldine Farrar makes American musical debut,
Fridtjof Nansen etc. writes about Norwegian North Pole Expedition, Patents Act
and Merchant Shipping Act adopted in Britain, JJ Thomson awarded Nobel Prize
for physics, Harden discovers cases of catalysis among enzymes, death of French
physicist Pierre Curie, Clemens von Pirquet introduces term “allergy” to medicine,
Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen determines position of magnetic north, US
Pure Food and Durgs Ace, China and Britain agree to reduction of opium
production, “Typhoid Mary” found and incarcerated, first redio program of voice
and music broadcast in US by RA Fessenden, City populations – London 4.5 mil,
New York 4 mil, Paris 2.7 mil, Berlin 2 mil, Tokyo 1.9 mil, Vienna 1.3 mil, Army
strengths 13 mil Russia, Germany 7.9 mil, Austria-Hungary 7.4 mil, France 4.8
mil, Italy 3 mil, Night-shift work for women internationally forbidden, Beginning
of Zuider Zee drainage scheme, Simplon Tunnel between Italy and Switzerland
opened, HMS Dreadnought launched – HUGE, French Grand Prix race first run,
The case of the cobbler Wilhelm Voight (Captain of Koepenick) in Berlin, San
Francisco quake kills 700 with $400 million property loss, Top songs: “The
Grand Old Rag” “Anchors Aweigh” “Keep On The Sunny Side” “Waltz Around
Again Willie” “The Caissons Go Rolling Along”, African pygmy displayed in
New York Zoological Park in monkey house, Sunday School created for adults,
Joseph F. Smith visits Europe, David O McKay a leader in Education made
member of 12, President Joseph F Smith prophesies of temples in Europe,
Dreyfus cleared of charges in FRA, Liberal revolution in Persia, Algeciras
Conference reaffirms independence of Morocco, First Labour wins in British
election and Labour Party formed, First Russian Duma (representative body)
meets but is dissolved, Liberal revolution in Persia – Shah Nasir ud-Din grants
constitution, HMS <i>Dreadnought</i> launched in Britain – first modern
battleship, San Francisco Earthquake, Derry Church PA renamed Hershey PA
1907 Bakelite plastic invented, government of Mozambique organized, Emperor
Kojong of Korea abdicated – succeeded by son Sujong, Run on US banks checked
by JP Morgan, New Zealand becomes a dominion, first elections for national
assembly in Philippines, Earthquake in Jamaica, Durma (Parliament) in Russia
opens spurring 40,000 demonstrators, Plague hits San Francisco, Korea protected
by Japan, New Zealand declared a dominion, Oklahoma made from Indian
territories, Triode amplifier improves electronics, Herero Wars end, Parliamentary
elections in Philippines * Roosevelt City, UT named, Roosevelt talks with
Mission President while on parade – Mormons get greater respect, Dec - Europe's
greatest earthquake destroys Messina, Sicily, killing 75,000, Apr - NY Giants
forfeit to Phillies after Giants fans snowball PA team, False union set up for
Vaudeville performers by owners, Ziegfeld's first version of "Follies" debuts,
Financial panic and depression hits US, Philippines move toward independence
from the U.S., death of English scientist Lord Kelvin – aka William Thomson,
William Whiteley founder of London’s first department store murdered by
blackmailer, death of British mathematician Edward J Routh, death of Hungarian
violinist Joseph Juachim, death of British politician Viscount Goschen, death of
English educator Thomas Fowler, death of Moncure D Conway the American
abolitionist and journalist, death of Welsh poet Sir Lewis Morris, death of Russian
chemist Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev, death of Italian poet and 1906 Nobel prize
winner Giosue Carducci, death of American author T.B. Aldrich, death of
German surgeon Ernst von Bergmann, death of English chemist William H Perkin,
death of 1901 Nobel Prize winner and French poet RF Armand Sully-Prudhomme,
death of Norwegian composer Edward Grieg, Chinese famine kills 24 million,
Alain Locke becomes first black recipient of Rhodes Scholarship, Montessori
establishes her first preschool in Rome, Robert Peary reaches N Pole, first
mention of “brassiere” in Vogue magazine, death of German painter Paula
Modersohn-Becker, Universal direct suffrage instituted in Austria, Second
Russian Duma meets, - dissolved – third meets, English and French agree ion
Siamese independence, Edward VII in Roe Paris and Marienbad where he meets
with Russian Foreign Minister Izvolski, “open door” agreement in China between
France and Japan, President Theodore Roosevelt bans Japanese from immigrating
to US, Peace Conference at the Hague, Emperor of Korea abdicates – Japan
granted protectorate over Korea, William II of Germany and Nicholas II of Russia
meet at Swinemunde, OK becomes 46th state, Oscar II King of Sweden dies – son
Gustavus V reigns, Lenin leaves Russia and founds newspaper “Proletarian”,
Stalin captures 375 k rubles death of Shah of Persia – son Mohammed Ali reigns,
Sun Yat-sen announces program of his Chinese Democratic Republic, Rasputin
gains influence at court of Czar Nicholas II, Dutch complete occupation of
Sumatra with defeat of Achinese tribe, New Zealand becomes dominion within
British Empire, Panic of 1907 causes run on banks – stopped by JP Morgan’s
importation of $100 million in gold from Europe, Death of JK Huysmans French
novelist, death of French author Sully Prudhomme, Writers: Joseph Conrad,
Maxim Gorki, Hans Bethge (German translation of Chinese poetry), Romain
Rolland, Henri Bergson, William James, Alfred Adler, Strindberg, Jacinto
Benavente, Nobel Prize for literature: Rudyard Kipling, Cambridge history of
English literature, Papal encyclical condemns modernism, United Methodist
Church established in Britain, First Cubist exhibition in Paris, Derain paint,
Picasso paints, Henri Rousseau paints, Chagall paints, Edvard Munch paints,
death of artist Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Films: “Skating” first where titles replace
live commentator – slow-motion effect invented by August Musger, death of
German violinist Joseph Joachim, death of composer Edvard Grieg, Delius
composes, Paul Cukas composes, Oskar Straus composes, Leo Fall composes,
Franz Lehar composes “The Merry Widow”, Gustav Mahler composes, first
“Ziegfeld Follies” staged in New York, Ivan Pavlov studies conditioned reflexes,
American pathologist Ross Harrison develops tissue culture techniques, Emil
Fischer writes about the chemistry of proteins, Anschutz and Schuler improve the
gyrocompass, Louis Lumiere develops process for color photography using threecolor screen, death of Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev, death of German
surgeon Ernst von Bergmann, Nobel Prize for Phusice A.A. Michelson, BadenPowell founds Boy Scout movement, immigration to US restricted by law, Henry
Deterding forms Royal Dutch Shell Company, SS Lusitania and mauretania
launches – breaks transatlantic record with no 5 days 45 minutes, Crown Princess
Louis of Sachsen divorces on grounds of adultery – marries Italian violinist
Enrice Toselli, Cark Hagenbeck opens modern zoo in Hamburg-Stellingen,
Billiards record set for highest break, Second Sunday in May established in
Philadelphia as Mother’s Day, First daily comic “Mr. Mutt”, later “Mutt and Jeff”
by Bud Fisher, popular songs: “Harrigan” “Shine On Harvest Moon” “On The
Road to Mandalay”, Mineral age deduced by radiometric dating by Boltwood,
Rumors of bank financial problems start Panic of 1907 – saved by JP Morgan as
cash returned to banks from NYSE, Church free from debt, Vote allows Reed
Smoot to take Senate seat, Republicans including President Roosevelt approve
Smoot to help keep UT Republican, Senator earns fails to receive Church support
for campaign and becomes anti-Mormon printer, Palmyra Smith Homestead
purchased with Sacred Grove, Mack Farm purchases in VT completed, Triple
Entente, Dominion of New Zealand established, Second Hague Peace Conference
– Germany opposes proposed arms limitation, second Duma dismissed in Russia
– third more conservative Duma lasts to 1912, <i>Entente cordiale</i> expanded
to Triple <i>entente</i> adding France in opposition to Triple Alliance of
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
1908 Earthquake Messina, Sicily kills 72 k, Model T produced by Ford, meteor
explosion over Tunguska Siberia, Belgium takes over Congo Free State, Death of
Chinese empress Cixi and the Guangxu emperor, Young Turk revolution, Carlos I
of Portugal assassinated, Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ferdinand I
proclaimed emperor of Bulgaria, Earthquake and tsunami in Sicily, end of Plague
outbreak in India, Tunguska meteor in Siberia, first Times Square ball drop,
Grand Canyon made national park, First long-distance radio broadcast from Eiffel
Tower, Carlos I of Portugal and Prince Luis shot, Japanese immigration to US
outlawed, British get new Prime Minister Herbert H. Asquith, Cooke, Peary arrive
at N Pole, British hit oil in Persia, “Amalthea” ship explodes, FBI created,
Bulgaria declares independence from Ottomans – Ferdinand I Tsar, Zionist
colony in Palestine, Qing dynasty changes emperors, Model T developed * Taft
defeats Bryan – Utah supports, Muckrakers continue to publish and <i>Following
the Color Line</i> published, Staunton VA creates city manager form of
government, Supreme Court decides in favor of management in Danbury Hatters'
Strike case, A.L. of L. throws support entirely behind Democrats, painting
Republicans as the party of privileges, death of French dramatist Victorien Sardou.
Death of Daniel Colt Gilman the American Educator and president of Johns
Hopkins U, death of German painter and poet Wilhelm Busch, death of American
poet Edmund C Erdman, death of Edward Caird the Scottish philosopher and
master of Balliol College at Oxford, death of British Liberal statesman Sir Henry
Campbell-Bannerman, death of Grover Clevaland – twice president, death of
Italian statesman Marchese Antonio de Rudini, death of Spanish naval
commander in Spanish-American War Pascual Cervera, death of English novelist
Ouida (Louise de la Ramee), death of American song writer James Rider Randall,
death of American evangelist Ira D Sankey, death of French poet Francois
Coppee, death of American playwright Bronson Howard, death of Nikolai
Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov the Russian composer, death of Spainish violinist
Pablo de Sarasate y Navascues, Julia Ward Howe elected to American Academy
of Arts and Letters, death of Italian novelist Edmondo De Amicis, Ferdinand I
gains Belgium independence, Ford begins production of Model T, assembly lines,
death of French physicist and 1903 Nobel prize winner Antoine Henri Becquerel,
Converse shoe company founded, Plako “Zipper” invented by Gideon Sundback,
end of Hereros and Hottentots revolt in German South-West Africa, Abdul Hafid
proclaimed Sultan of Morocco – defeats enemy Abdul Aziz at Marrakesh,
Aehrenthal the Austrian Foreign Minister and Izvolski the Russian Foreign
Minister agree on Austria’s occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, King Carlos I
of Portugal and crown prince both assassinated at Lisbon and Manuel II becomes
king, HH Asquith becomes British Prime Minister with David Lloyd George
Chancellor of the Exchequer, Edward VII and Nicholas II meet at Reval, Young
Turks revolt at Resina in Macedonia – new Ottoman parliament with large Young
Turk majority meets, Leopold II transfers the Congo (privately owned) to
Belgium, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria assumes the title czar and declares country’s
independence, Crete proclaims union with Greece, Union of South Africa
established, Kaiser Wilhelm gives infamous interview in “The Daily Telegraph”
where he offends basically the whole of Europe, William Howard Taft elected,
death of Tzu-His the Dowager Empress of China, Dutch establish rule in Bali,
death of US president Grover Cleveland, Writers: Gertrude Stein, Arnold Bennett,
GK Chesterton, Colette, EM Forster (Room with a View), Anatole France,
Kenneth Grahame (Wind in the Willows), Laurids Bruun, Lucy M Montgomery
(Anne of Green Gables), Mary Roberts Rinehart, Jules Romains, Schnitzler, F
Meinecke, G Sorel, Graham Wallas, Karl Liebknecht, death of Holger Drachmann,
Death of English novelist Ouida, Isadora Duncan becomes popular interpreter of
dance, Tiller Girls appear on London stage for first time, Painters: Marc Chagall,
Maurice de Vlaminck, Augustus John, Kokoschka, Monet, Maurice Utrillo begins
“White Period”, Artist Jacob Epstein’s “Figures” cause general indignation in
London, New realism with the Ashcan School with Robert Henri, John Sloan,
George Luks, William Glackens, George Bellows, Everett Shinn; First steel and
glass building – Berlin, death of German painter and poet Wilhelm Busch,
Mattisse coins term “cubism”, Film “Last Days of Pompeii”, Composers: Bela
Bartok, Oskar Strauss, Leo Fall, Elgar, death of Rimsky-Korsakov, 11-year-old
WE Korngold writes start of first ballet, death of Spanish violinist Sarasate, death
of French physicist Henri Becquerel, Hermann Minkowski formulates fourdimensional geometry, Fritz Haber synthesizes ammonia, Nobel Prizes –
Rutherford in Chemistry Mechnikov and Ehrlich in Medicine, Sven Gedin
explores Persia and Tibet, H Kamerlingh Onnes liquefies helium, Bakelite
invented by LH Baekeland in the US, Earthquake in S. Calabria and Sicily –
150,000 killed, London hosts Olympics – Americans dominate, Jack Johnson
becomes first black world heavyweight boxing champion, Port of London
Authority established, Lord Northcliffe buys “The Times” in London, Zeppelin
disaster near Echterdingen, General Motors Corporation formed, Cairo U opened,
New baseball regulation rules the spitball illegal, Ford Motor Company produces
first Model “T”, WH Savens of Princeton becomes first American to play cricket
for Gentlemen of England, first sighting of Manipogo the Lake Manitoba Monster
in CAN, top songs: “Take Me Out to the Ball Game”, Indian one-horned rhino
population falls to population of 12 mummified dinosaur discovered with skin and
flesh fossilized, Hauser finds body of Neanderthal youth but find is dismissed
because he keeps reburying and rediscovering it, Empress-Dowager of China dies,
Rebellion begins in Turkey against Sultan Abdul Hamid II – Young Turk
movement, FBI founded, Belgian Congo founded, Austria annexes Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Crete proclaims union with Greece, Bulgaria declares independence
from Turkey, Successful counter-revolution in Persia – supported by Russia
1909 First aircraft crossing of English channel, end of reign of Ismael Montes in
Bolivia and era of reforms, Franco-German agreement reached on Morocco,
Liberia calls on US for financial assistance, Creation of separate labor party in
New Zealand, Britain’s Peoples Budget increases taxes on wealthy, Bay City TX
cyclone, Warrington FL cyclone, Cyclone hits Mexico, Colombia recognizes
Panama’s independence, Shakleford reaches south pole, US troops withdraw from
Cuba after Spanish American War, NAACP created, “Silver Dart” in Canada,
Ham radio created, Former president Roosevelt goes on safari, Serbia accepts
Austrian control of Islamic Bosnia-Herzegovina, British radio begins
broadcasting, Halley’s Comet visible, Pearl Harbor established, Landsteiner
develops blood type grouping * Roosevelt greatly praised after his presidency is
over, Taft praised, Taft visits Utah, LDS in Mexico come to Texas to hear Taft –
Camilla (Kimball) there, end of libel lawsuits by Annie Oakley – wins nearly all,
Roosevelt proposes the ideas of good and bad trusts in relative to public interest,
UT – Actor Edwin Booth born in Provo, death of English novelist George
Meredith, death of American astronomer Simon Newcomb, death of American
philosopher William T Harris editor of Webster’s dictionary, death of English
poet Algernon Charles Swinburne, death of German statesman Friedrich von
Holstein, death of German-English chemist and industrialist Ludwig Mond, WP
Weston walks from New York to San Francisco at age 70, death of PolishAmerican actress Helena Modjeska, death of Japanese statesman and one of the
creators of modern Japan Prince Ito Hirobumi, death of French actor-manager and
the first Cyrano Benoit Coquelin, death of French writer Catulle Mendes, death of
Danish microbiologist Emil Hansen, death of German poet Detlev von Liliencron,
largest earthquake in France kills 46 at 6.2, first US federal legislation prohibiting
narcotics (opium), NAACP created under WEB Du Bois, Peary and Henson reach
North Pole, Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House in Chicago, Gabrielle “Coco”
Chanel opens her first shop, death of Leopold II of Belgium, end of Sultan Abdul
Hamid II (of Turkey?), Turkey and Serbia recognize Austrian annexation of
Bosnia and Herzegovinia, Taft inaugurated as #27, Sultan Abdul Hamid II
deposed by Young Torks – succeeded by brother Mohammed V, BethmannHollweg becomes German Chancellor – Aristide Briand the French Premier
Sonnion Italian Prime Minister, Mohammed Ali Shah of Persia deposed –
succeeded by Sultan Ahmed Shah age 12, Anglo-German discussions on control
of Baghdad Railroad, King Leopold II of the Belgians dies – succeeded by Albert
I, Civil War in Honduras, State visits of Edward VII to Berlin and Rome, death of
English poet AC Swinburne, death of English novelist George Meredith, Writers:
Maeterlinck, J Synge, Apollinaire, HG Wells, Thomas Mann, Jakob Wassermann,
Ezra Pound, Ferenc Molnar, Lenin, William Beveridge, GM Trevelyanm death of
German poet Detlev von Liliencron, Sigmund Freud lectures in US on
psychoanalysis, Jewish world population – Russia 5.2 million Austria-Hungary 2
mil, US 1.7 mil, Germany 600 k, Turkey 400 k Britain 200k France 100k, Art:
Bellows, Matisse, Sir William Orpen, Picasso, Frank Lloyd Wright designs Robie
House in Chicago, Films – Carmen – first newsreels – Mary Pickford first in film,
Cinematograph Licensing Act in Britain, death of Frederick Remington, death of
artist Charles McKim, music – Delius, Strauss, Rimsky-Korsakov (posthum.)
Mahler, R Vaughan Williams, Arnold Schonberg, Wolf-Gerrari, Franz Lehar,
Sergei Diaghilev presents “Ballet Russe” for first time in Paris, Paul Erlich
prepares Salvarsan for cure of syphilis, TH Morgan begins researches in genetics,
Louis Bleriot crosses English Channel in 37 minutes in plane, English aviator
Henri Farman completes first 100 mile flight, US explorer Robert E Peary reaches
North Pole – Dr. Frederick Cook fails to prove he arrived a year earlier, Nobel
Prizes – physics – Marconi Chemistry Ostwald, Rockefeller Sanitary Commission
established – start of Rockefeller foundation, First commercial manufacture of
Bakelite marks start of plastic age, Women admitted to German universities,
Anglo-Persian Oil Company formed, Girl Guides established in Britain, King
Edward VII’s horse Minoru wins Derby, First permanent waves given in London
by hairdressers, first six-day bicycle race held in Berlin, American businessman
HG Selfridge opens department store in London, popular songs: “Put on Your Old
Grey Bonnet” “The Whiffenpoof Song” “I Wonder Who’s Kissing Her Now””By
the Light of the Silvery Moon” “Casey Jones” “Uncle Josh in Society”, Walcott
discovers soft-bodied fossils in Burgess shale, ritually buried Neanderthal
discovered in France, Ward Priesthood quorums organized, Origin of Man
statement from Church, Robert Peary reaches North Pole, Sultan Abdul Hamid II
attempts counter-revolution and is deposed as brother Muhammad V rules,
Boston Marathon runner cheats in car, Union of South Africa formed, Old age
pensions introduced in Britain, Sultan Abdul Hamid II of Turkey overthrown,
Ford begins assembly line production, Indian Councils Act increases elections on
councils,
1910 Avalanche in Wellington WA – Cascade mountains kills 96, End of reign of
Rama V of Thailand after 42 years, Union of S Africa, Portuguese revolution ends
monarchy, In Australian general election Labour party under Andrew Fisher wins,
Death of Edward VII in Britain, George V reigns, Rockerfeller retires to become a
philanthropist, first sea plane created, Glacier National Park created, Halley’s
Comet Tail, South Africa created, first Zeppelin, France protests public
executions, Black boxer Jack Johnson defeats white – race riots result, “Paul
Bunyan,” Japan annexes Korea, the McNamaras arrested for bombing, Portugal
becomes a republic, Mexican revolution, Jet engine developed, Bubonic plague in
Manturia, TNT developed * Taft appoints J Reuben Clark as member of
Department of State, Buffalo Bill buys mine in AZ - fails
Aug - Fires in ID and MT blow smoke into Pacific, Annie Oakley rejoins Wild
West Shows age 50 – crowds small due to movies, Manns-Elkins Act puts
telephone, telegraph, and communication lines under Federal control, NY passes
successful Worker Compensation plan, Freedom of Contract by Supreme Court
bans limits on workweeks, Mexican revolution against President Diaz - Francisco
Madero became president, death of American author Julia Ward Howe, death of
Florence Nightingale the English nurse, death of Mary Baker Eddy – founder of
Christian Science, death of English painter William Holman Hunt, death of Jean
Henri Dunant the Swiss humanitarian and founder of the Red Cross, death of
Russian author Count Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoi, death of American sculptor John
Quincy Adams Ward, death of German novelist Wilhelm Raabe, death of
Norwegian poet and dramatist Bjornstjerne Bjornson, death of Scottish painter Sir
William Orchardson, death of American painter John La Farge, death of Italian
astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli, death of Mark Twain – Samuel Langhorne
Clemens, death of Winslow Homer the American painter, death of Russian
composer and founder of “Great Five” Mily Balakirev, death of German physicist
FW Kohlrausch, death of German musical scholar Franz Xavier Haberl, death of
Edward VII son of Queen Victoria, death of American philosopher and
psychologist William James, death of 1905 Nobel Prizez winner for medicine
Robert Koch, death of French painter Henri Rousseau, death of English cartoonist
EL Sambourne, NAACP begins <i>Crisis</i> magazine, Monarchy overthrown
in Portugal, Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell publish regarding
mathematics, Henri Fabre launches hydrovion seaplane, Lee Deforest broadcasts
operas from Met in New York, End of battles for African colonies, Mark Twain
dies, death of German actor Joseph Kainz, Egyptian premier Butros Ghali
assassinated, Louis Botha and James Hertzog found South African Party – Star
Jameson founds Unionist Party – Union of South Africa becomes a dominion
within the British Empire with Botha as premier, Revolt in Albania, death of King
Edward VII – George V rules, Japan annexes Korea, Montenegro proclaimed
kingdom under Nicholas I , Revolution in Portugal = King Manuel II flees to
England Portugal becomes a republic, Benizelos named Premier of Greece, US
Congress passes Mann Act – prohibits transportation of women across state lines
for immoral purposes, China abolishes slavery, Writers: Arnold Bennett, Paul
Claudel, EM Forster (Howard’s End), Charles Pierre Peguy, HG Wells, Karl May,
Frank Wedekind, John Galsworthy, Karin Michaelis, Sir Edward DurningLawrence, Irving Fisher, Sir Norman Angell, death of Mark Twain, death of Leo
Tolstoi, death of Wilhelm Raabe, death of German actor Josef Kainz, death of
Norwegian poet Bjornstjerne Bjornson, death of William James the American
phychologist and philosopher, death of Mary Baker Eddy of Christian Science,
death of American suffragist Julia Ward Howe, Art: Fernand Leger, Amedeo
Modigliani, Gaston Lachaise, John Marin, Joseph Stella, Abraham Walkowitz,
Max Weber, William Zorach, Robert Delaunay, Oskar Kokoschika, death of
Winslow Homer, death of artist John La Farge, Roger Fry arranges PostImpressionist Expo in London, death of English artist William Holman Hunt,
death of French painter Henri Rousseau, Frank Lloyd Wright becomes well
known in Europe, Films – “Child of the Ghetto” “Messaline” “Lucrezia Borgia”,
“Hamlet”, “Peter the Great”, Music: Elgar, Puccini, R Vaughan Williams,
Stravinsky, Alban Berg, Busoni, Jean Gilbert, Massenet, Franz Lehar, Victer
Herbert – operetta, Thomas Beecham’s first opera season at Covent garden in
London, S Americantango gains popularity in Europe and US, Marie Curie writes
treatise on radiography, Arthur Evans completes excavation of Cnossus Crete,
Prince Albert I of Monaco founds Institute for Oceanography, Murray and Hjort
undertake first deap-sea expedition, death of Robert Koch the German physician
and bacteriologist, JJ Thomson’s work on deflection of “positive rays” in
magnetic field, Halley’s comet observed, death of Florence Nightingale, 122k
telephones in Britain, US Postal Savings program established, English wife
poisoner HH Crippen executed, First labour exchanges open in Britain, Manhattan
Bridge completed, death of Jean Henri Dunant founder of Red Cross, Farman flies
about 300 miles in 8 hours 15 min, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
established, “Week-end” becomes popular in the US, Speed record – 133 mph by
Barney Oldfield at Daytona Beach FL, Father’s Day first celebrated in Spokane
WA, Jack Johnson wins heavyweight title, Top songs: “America the Beautiful”
“Let Me Call You Sweetheart” “Ah! Sweet Mystery of Life” “Topsy Song”,
Violence escalates against the Church in Britain, Sister Emmeline B Wells the
former president of International Council of Women becomes Relief Society
President, South Africa created from Cape Colony Natal Transvaal and Orange
Free State, End of I Dynasty in Korea – annexed by Japan, George V King of
Britain (First House of Windsor) to 1936, Revolution in Portugal – Republic
declared, Union of South Africa becomes independent dominion in British
Empire, Japan annexes Korea, British suffragette movement becomes increasingly
militant
1911 End of rule of President Diaz of Mexico, Chinese rebellion against Manchus,
President Diaz of Mexico overthrown, Universal military training established in
New Zealand, House of Lords deposed as chief power and House of Commons
reigns supreme, Flooding in Yangtze River China kills 100 k, eruption in Mt. Taal
Philippines kills 1335, Australia’s North Territory created, Scots v. Russ.
Shootout in London, Denmark abolishes death penalty, Standard Oil Company
monopoly declared unconstitutional, IBM company created, German warship
invades Moroccan port, Mona Lisa stolen, French ship explodes, WuChang
Uprising in China, Italy declares war on Turkey and annexes Tripoli and
Cyrenacia, Sun Yat-Sen becomes president of China ending Qing dynasty, 1st
Solvay Congress of physicists, Machu Picchu discovered * T Roosevelt writes a
letter published in <I>Colliers</I> refuting anti-Mormons, Mexican-American
War – US sends troops cautiously, Saints meet with President, Taft visits SLC –
Hotel Utah, twice, Tabernacle choir performs for president, Buffalo Bill working
in St. Louis decided to make movie, Jan - Temperature falls 47 degrees
Fahrenheit in 15 minutes in Rapid City SD, Jan - Tamarack, CA sets all-time U.S.
monthly snowfall record with 390 inches, Irving Berlin composes ragtime,
Supreme Court adopts T. Roosevelt's ideas regarding good and bad trusts,
Shoshone and Roosevelt Dams built, WI creates second successful Worker
Compensation plan, death of Dutch painter Joseph Israels, death of German
sculptor Reinhold Begas, death of German Kantian philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey,
death of English librettist and satirist WS Gilbert, death of French-English painter
and etcher Alphonse Legros, death of English mountaineer and first to gain top of
Chimborazo - Edward Whymper, death of English politician Sir Charles Dilke,
6.5 CA quake, National Urban League founded, Emiliano Zapata proposes Plan of
Ayala, Amundsen reaches south pole, Victor Hess detects cosmic rays,
Rutherford and Marsden discover structure of the atom, death of painter Firtz von
Uhde, Mexican Revolution defeats Porfirio Dìaz, Indian poet Rabindranath
Tagore wins Nobel Prize, death of Nobel Prize winner (1901) Dutch physicist JH
vant Hoff, death of German composer Gustav Mahler, Chinese revolution, end of
Civil War in Honduras, Ramsay MacDonald elected chair of British Labour Party,
US-Japanese and Anglo-Japanese commercial treaties signed, Armistice ends
Mexican Civil War, Lloyd George introduces National Health Insurance Bill in
Parliament, Coronation of King George V and dubar in Delhi, India, Joseph
Caillaux named Premier of France, Arrival of German gunboat Panther in Agadir
created international crisis, Liberal constitution promulgated in Portugal, Kaiser’s
Hamburg speech asserts Germany’s “Place in the Sun”, Peter Stolypin the
Russian Premier assassinated, Beginning of Turkish-Italian war – Italian fleet
bombards Tripoli coast – first use of aircraft for offensive measures – Italy
annexes Tripoli and Cyreniaca and decisively defeats Turks, Revolution in
Central China – Chcinese Republic proclaimed – pigtails abolished, calendar
reformed, Manchu dynasty falls (in power since 1644), Sun Yat-sen elected
president – appoints Chiang Kai-shek his military adviser, Winston S. Churchill
appointed First Lord of the Admirality, Karl von Sturgkh named Austrian Prime
Minister, General Joseph Joffre becomes Chief of French General Staff, Writers:
Max Beerbohm, Rupert Brooke, Theodire Dreiser, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, DH
Lawrence, Katherine Mansfield, Saki, Hugh Walpole, HG Wells, Edith Wharton,
Carl Sternheim, GK Chesterton, Ezra Pound, Hans Vaihinger, JM Thompson,
Friedrich Fundolf, Frank William Taussig, death of Sullivan’s librettist WS
Gilbert, Nobel Prize for literature Maeterlinck, Cambridge Medieval History
appears, death of German philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey, Painters: Renoir,
Georges Braque, Matisse, Paul Klee, Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa stolen,
Jacob Epstein creates tonb of Oscar Wilde in Paris, death of Sutch painter Joseph
Israels, Films – Anna Karenina, Spartacus, Pinocchio, Nick Carter, Enoch Arden,
The Abyss, death of musician Gustav Mahler, Music: Edward Elgar, Mahler,
Richard Strauss, Wolf-Ferrari, Arnold Schonberg, Irving Berlin, Lehar, Ravel,
Stravinski, Richard Wagner (posth), Emile Jaques-Dalcroze founds institute for
teaching of eurhythmics in Germany, Roals Amundsen reaches S Pole, Nobel
Prize for Chemistry – Marie Curie, Jacobus Henricus van’t Hoff the Dutch
scientist dies, Rutherford formulates theory of atomic structure, Charles F
Kettering develops electronic self-starter for autos, First presentation of GordonBennet International Aviation Cup, British Official Secrets Act becomes law,
First flight from Munich to Berlin reaches record height of 12,800 feet,
Temperature in London reaches 100 degrees F – first. Robert T Jones of Atlanta
GA age 9 wins Junior Championship – goes on to great career, death of Jack
Daniels from nasty stubbed toe, popular songs: “I Want to be in Dixie”,
“Alexander’s Ragtime Band” “Bye Bye My Honey”, Piltdown skull found –
proven hoax, “Last Massacre” as 12 Bannock Indians kill four ranchers in NV –
posse kills 8 and capture final four, Boy Scout Program adopted throughout the
Church in the US, Hotel Utah created, The House of the Lord published, Revolt in
China and Sun Yat-Sen declared president of the Republic which lasts to 1912,
Pancho Villa overthrows Mexican dictator Porfiro Diaz, Revolution in Mexico,
Norwegian Roald Amundsen reaches South Pole, Parliament Act reduces power
of House of Lords, British ministers receive salaries for first time, Agadir Crisis
between France and Germany – Germany sends gunboat to Morocco but
withdraws claims, Italy occupies Tripoli in Libya – War with Turkey, NEA
reports give emphasis to history and attacks older “Greek” “bookish” curriculum,
Public Education Agency announces need to transform public schools into child
welfare agencies
1912 End Meiji period of Japan, New loans to Liberia coupled with US control over
customs, French makes Morocco a protectorate at Treaty of Fez, Chinese republic
established and Sun Yat-sen first president (but warlords gain power) as Manchu
dynasty ends, Taisho period begins in Japan, Japan builds first dreadnought
battleship, Balkan wars begin, Alaska names US territory, AZ and NM names
states, secret ballot and universal suffrage in Argentina, Katmai AK eruption,
Cyclone in Jamaica, Cyclone hits Taiwan, Novarupta eruption (AK Katmai),
China officially becomes Republic of China - End of China’s Manchus dynasty,
Scott arrives at South Pole, Italians use airships in Turkey, Amundsen reaches S
Pole, France becomes protectorate over Morocco, Titanic, Britain develops an air
force, US Marines invade Cuba, End Meiji era in Japan and Yoshihito becomes
emperor, Chinese nationalist party develops, Balkan War begins when
Montenegro attacks Turkey, Khios independence from Ottomans, Spain becomes
protectorate over Morocco, Albania becomes independent from Ottomans, End of
first Balkan War * Roosevelt loses in Utah because Smoot convinces Saints that
Taft would win, and we should support, Saints free to make up own political
minds, but President Smith supports Taft – Wilson wins election, but Taft wins in
Utah, Mar - 25 inches of snow in 24 hours in Kansas City, MO, Republican party
splits as Roosevelt opposes Taft, Socialists win elections in many states, Wilson
becomes a minority president because of election split, MA invents minimum
wage, UT – first traffic light invented in SLC, death of English surgeon Joseph
Lister, death of Salvation Army founded William Booth, death of English
politician and wit Henry Labouchere, death of H.H. Furness the American scholar
and Shakespearian writer, death of German novelist and historian Felix Dahn,
death of English philologist W.W. Skeat, death of Dutch-English painter
Lawrence Alma-Tadema, death of English housing reformer Octavia Hill, death
of codesigner of Berlin Reichstag Paul Wallot, death of German author of boys
stories Karl May, death of French composer Jules Massenet, death of Scottish
writer Andrew land, death of German botanist Eduard Strasburger, Indonesia’s Mt.
Kelut erupts killing over 5000, First published blues song goes on sale – W.C.
Handy’s “Memphis Blues”, Wegener proposes continental drift, death of English
journalist WT Stead, death of Swedish poet August Stringberg, first Balkan War
against Ottomans, Titanic sinks, Thomas Mann's "Death in Venice", death of
French mathematician and philosopher Henri Poincare, death of English Antarctic
explorer RF Scott, death of English composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, death of
writer Bram Stoker, Raimond Poincare becomes French Premier, AZ and NM
states, British coal strike – London dock strike and transport workers’ strike,
Turkey closes Dardanelles to shipping, Tewfik Pasha becomes Grand Vizier of
Persia, Montenegro declares war on Turkey – Bulgaria and Serbia mobilize
armies – Turkey asks Powers for intervention in Balkan war – Armistice between
Bulgaris Serbia Montenegro and Turkey, Treaty of Lausanne signed between Italy
and France, Woodrow Wilson elected, Nobel Peace Prize Elihu Root (US),
German-Austria-Italian alliance renewed, death of King Frederick VIII of
Denmark – Christian X rules, Lenin establishes connection with Stalin and takes
over “Pravda” news, Textile workers strike in Lawrence MA showing power of
IWW, Sun Yat-sen founds Kuomintang (Chinese National Party), Emper
Mutsuhito of Japan dies and Yodhihito rules, Writers: EM Dell, Gerhart
Hauptmann, Pierre Loti, Compton Mackenzie, Rebindranath Tagore, Paul Claudel,
Arthur Schnitzler, John M Synge, Alfred Adler, CG Jung, Haul Haberlin, F
Oppenheimer, E Maunde Thompson, Edmund C Bentley, Amy Lowell, death of
Swedish dramatist August Strindberg, Nobel Prize for Literature Gerhart
Hauptmann, death of German novelist Felix Dahn, death of German author Karl
May, Poetry magazine founded in Chicago, Church of Scotland revises prayer
book, Art: Marc Chagall, Picasso, Franz Marc, Modigliani (sculpt), Lovis Corinth,
Duncan Grant, Peter Pan statue erected in London, Cinema: Quo Vadis, War and
Peace, Dance of Death, Queen Elizabeth (with Sarah Bernhardt), London 400
cinemas, US cinemas have 5 million people visiting daily, death of composer
Jules Massenet, death of English composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, Music:
Ravel, Delius, Schonberg, Richard Strauss, Franz Schreker, Rudolf Friml,
Leopold Stokowski named conductor of Philadelphia Symphony, Polish chemist
Kasimir Funk coins term “vitamine”, Edwin Bradenberger invents a process for
manufacturing cellophane, RF Scott reaches S Pole, death of English surgeon
Lord Joseph Lister, V Stegansson and R Anderson explore Arctic Canada,
Wilson’s cloud-chamber photographs lead to detection of protons and electrond,
Debye propounds theory of specific heat of solids, Viktor F Hess discovers
cosmic radiation, Paul Ehrlich introduces acriflavine as antiseptic, Nobel Prize for
Medicine Dr. Alexis Carrel, RAF (Royal Flying Corps) established in Britain,
GPO takes over British telephone systems, Titanic sinks and 1,513 die, Remains
of Piltdown Man “found” near Lewes England- later proved hoax in 1953,
Olympic Games held in Stockholm, Germany claims to have 30,000 millionaires,
FW Woolworth Company founded, first successful parachute jump, International
Lawn Tennis Federation formed, Jim Thorpe named outstanding Olympic
sportsman but records and awards stripped when discovered that he played semiprofessional baseball, Radio Act assigns 3+4 letter codes to radio stations, top
songs: “When Irish Eyes are Smiling” “Frankie and Johnny” “Scott Joplin’s New
Rag” “IT’s a Long, Long Way to Tipperary” “Ragtime Cowboy Joe” “The
Memphis Blues” “The Rose of Tralee” “My Melancholy Baby” “Beans! Beans!!
Beans!!!”, Cabin Creek/Paint Creek Mining war, Wegener proposes continental
drift, death of Mutsuhito of Japan and end of Meiji period, Titanic sinks with
1513 dead, Italy conquers Libya and influences Abyssinia (Ethiopia), George
Patton competes in Olympics – later General, Balkan Wars to 1913, French
protectorate established in Morocco – Spanish zone defined by agreement, Treaty
of Ouchy ends Italo-Turkish war, Tripoli ceded to Italy, Fourth Russian Duma to
1916, Miners’ strike in Britain, First Balkan War – Bulgaria Greece Serbia and
Montenegro against Turkey, John F. Bobbit publishes “Elimination of Waste in
Education” to mechanize schools, Eruption of Katmai Alaska
1913 Drought at horn of AFR, Stainless steel invented in Britain, South African laws
preserves 87% of land to whites, China recognizes Outer Mongolia as
independent, Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore awarded Nobel Lit. prize, end of
Balkan Wars, Coup d’etat of Young Turks in Turkey, Wallis Islands becomes
French protectorate (Oceana), Foundation of United Federation of Labour and
Social Democratic party in New Zealand, Dayton OH flood, Galveston TX
cyclone, House of Lords rejects Irish independence, Romanoff 300 anniversary,
George I of Greece assassinated, Sung Chiao-Jen of Chinese nationalist party
assassinated, Balkan War – Bulgarians take Adrianople, Panama canal finished,
insane Otto of Bavaria deposed, Mohandas Gandhi arrested, assembly-line
manufacturing at Ford, Mona Lisa returned to Louvre, Greece annexes Crete *
Senator Reed Smoot attends Wilson’s inauguration, Smoot meets with Wilson to
keep out of War of Mexico, Wild West Show of Buffalo Bill’s bankrupts – Cody
must work in circus to pay bills, Annie Oakley retires – somewhat, Mar - Tornado
forms over Easter party in NEB, Oct - Deadliest tornado in the United Kingdom,
Tariff Act creates graduated income tax of 1 to 6 percent, Federal Reserve Act
unifies banks, Mexican president Madero assassinated by Huerta who becomes
president, death of Mark Rutherford – also known as William Hale White the
English philosopher, death of Hungarian writer and traveler Armin Vambery,
death of British poet laureate Alfred Austin, death of J Pierpont Morgan the
American financier and banker, death of cofounder of German Social Democratic
Party August Bebel, death of Irish astronomer Sir Robert Ball, death of American
sociologist Lester F Ward, death of Irish critic Edward Dowden, death of German
animal trainer and circus director and founder of hamburg Zoo Karl Hagenbeck,
Possible tsunami in NJ, ITA 73 stampeded in crowded hall, Great Lakes region –
storms kill over 250, assembly line resuces creation of the Model T to 93 minutes,
Second Balkan War - Bulgaria fights Serbia and Greece, Armory Show
(modernist art) in New York, Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring", death of German
auto engineer Rudolf Diesel, Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel opens boutique that would
make her famous, death of Menelik II Emperor of Abyssinia – succeeded by Lij
Yasu, Raymond Poincare elected President of France – visits England, Aristide
Briand becomes French Premier, Suffragette demonstrations in London – Mrs.
Pankhurst sentenced for inciting persons to place explosive in Lloyd George’s
house, Federal income tax introduced in the US – 16th amendment, Woodrow
Wilson inaugurated, King George I of Greece assassinated succeeded by
Constantine I, Balkan War – Bulgarians take Adrianople and Turkey digns
armistice – London Peace treaty between Turkey and Balkan States signed –
outbreak of second B alkan War – Bulgarian attacks on Serbia and Greece –
Russia declares war on Bulgaria – Turks recapture Adrianople – armistice signed
at Bucharest – Bulgarian-Turkish treaty on frontier in Thrace – Serbia invades
Albania – Peace treaty between Greece and Turkey, Yuan Shih-kai elected
President of Chinese Republic, Mahatma Gandhi arrested, “Zabern affair” in
Alsace-Lorraine endangers relations between France and Germany, US Federal
Reserve System established, death of August Bebel leader of German Social
Democrats dies – succeeded by Friedrich Ebert, Writers: Willa Cather, DH
Lawrence, Thomas Mann, Marcel Proust, Edith Wharton, Luigi Pirandello, Shaw
(Pygmalion), Maxim Gorki, Berhard Kellermann, Miguel de Unamundo, Japsers,
WC Mitchell, Edmund Husserl, Sigmund Freud (Totem and Taboo), Russell and
Whitehead, Jack London, Robert Frost, Eleanor H Porter (Pollyanna), Irene and
Vernon Castle the dancers make debut in New York , “Goetheanum” founded in
SWI – anthroposophy, Art: “Armory Show” introduces Postimpressionism and
cubism to New York, Artists: Walter Sickert, Stanley Spencer, JS Sargent,
Apollinaire, Woolworth Building NY designed, Grand Central Terminal opens in
NY, Films: The Vampire, The Squaw Man (Cecil B De Mille), Der Student von
Prag (Charlie Chaplin), Music: De Falla, Scriabin, Stravinsky, Debussy, Elgar
(Falstaff), Bruno Walter becomes director of Munich Opera, Jack Judge writes
“Tipperary”, Bictor Herbert writes “Sweethearts” operetta NY, JJ Thompson
writes about positive electric rays, H Geiger creates device for detecting alpha
waves, Niels Bohr formulates theory of atomic structure, Frederick Soddy coins
“isotope”, Diphtheria immunity test discovered by Bela Schick, Composition of
chlorophyll discovered by Richard Willstatter, Vitamin A isolated at Yale, death
of Austrian physicist Robert Lieben, HN Russell formulates theory of stellar
evolution, Friedrich Bergius converts coal dust into oil, Max Bodenstein
formulates concept of chemical chain reaction, Rene Lorin states basic ideas of jet
propulsion, Chemical element protactinium discovered, Ivar Kreuger founds
Swedish Match Company, “Imperator” the German turbine liner begins service,
Albert Schweitzer opens hospital in French Congo, Zippers become popular,
“New Statesman” founded in London, foxtrot dance comes into fashion, J
Pierpont Morgan dies, Henry Ford pioneers new assembly-line techniques in car
factory, First woman magistrate sworn in in England, Walter Hagen appears on
US golf scene, John D Rockerfeller founds Rockefeller Institute with grant of 100
million, Top songs: “Danny Boy” “Too-Ra-Loo-Ra-Loo-Ral” “Rite of Spring”
“Peg O’ My Heart” “Ballin’ The Jack” “Hungarian Rag” “And Then”, Holmes
proposes radioactive dating in rocks, Pujo committee appointed by Congress
investigates banking industry spurs creation of Federal Reserve System
supposedly to stabilize banks, official affiliation of Boy Scouts of America with
Church, Missionaries evacuate MEX, Third Irish Home Rule Bill passes House of
Commons – rejected by House of Lords – Threat of civil war in Ireland – Ulster
Volunteers (private Protestant army) formed in opposition to proposed Home
Rule Bill, Young Turks establish dictatorship in Turkey, Treaty of London ends
First Balkan War – Balkans victorious against Turkey and Albania created,
Greece officially takes over Crete, Second Balkan War – Serbia Greece Romania
and Turkey against Bulgaria – because of Serbian claims to Macedonia, Treaty of
Bucharest ends Second Balkan War – Bulgaria defeated and Balkans partitionized,
Treaty of Constantinople between Turkey and Bulgaria, US Congress determines
that corporations are beginning to dominate education and social services
1914 Drought begins in SW Australia, Drought at horn of AFR, Britain and France
occupy German colonies in W Africa, Assassination of heir to Austrian throne in
Sarajevo, Battle of the Marne, Battle of Tannenberg between Germans and
Russians ends in German victory, Panama canal opened, Completion of Grand
Trunk Pacific Railway in Canada, Irish Home Rule bill passed, but suspended due
to WWI, Eruption in Philippines, Tsunami hits Japan, Apr – 3000 US marines in
MEX, Hellenic holocaust in Ottoman empire, US meets with Kaiser, Archduke
Ferdinand assassinated Jun, Emperor Franz Joseph of Austro-Hungary declares
war on Serbia, Russia joins war as Serbian ally, French pacifist assassinated,
Germany declares war on Russia, France and Belgium, Britain declares war on
Germany, Germans stopped in France, trench warfare begun, “Christmas Truce”
Panama canal opens Aug US annexes Cyprus, Jehovah’s Witnesses predict end of
the world, New Orleans gets 7 new pumps * Harding elected senator from Ohio
and becomes friends with Reed Smoot, Annie Oakley starts promoting firearms
for women, Antitrust laws strengthened, The Birth of a Nation debuts on film,
Ford doubles wages of his workers, stimulating local economies and giving
workers spare money, U.S. sailors arrested in Mexico, prompting marine
occupation of Veracruz, inciting anti-US sentiment and the ABC mediation...
MEX president Huerta retires and Carranza becomes president of Mexico, death
of English illustrator Sir John Tenniel, death of Sir Joseph Swan the English
chemist and electrician – inventor of carbon filament, death of American printer
and typographer Theodore De Vinne, death of American physician Silas Weir
Mitchell, death of Field Marshal Earl Roberts of Britain, death of English poet
and critic Theodore Watts-Dunton, death of British statesman Joseph
Chamberlain, death of Scottish-American naturalist John Muir, death of American
philosopher of pragmatism Charles S Peirce, death of Italian pianist and composer
Giovanni Sgambati, death of American writer Ambrose Bierce, death of 1905
Nobel Peace Prize recipient and Austrian writer Bertha von Suttner, George
Washington Carver publishes research on peanuts and sweet potatoes, Panama
Canal opened and completed, ASCAP founded, Franz Ferdinand assassinated,
Austria battles Serbia, Britain Russia and France battle Germany, Panama Canal
opens, US invades Mexico, death of French socialist politician Jean Leon Jaures,
death of King Carol of Romania, death of German poet Christian Morgenstern,
death of Pope Pius X, Book: Gustav Meyrink (Der Golem), Northern and
Southern Nigeria unite, Calmette-Caillaux affair in France – Mme. Caillaux kills
Gaston Calmette, Gen. Zamon becomes President of Haiti, Peace treaty between
Serbia and Turkey, WWI – Archduke Ferdinand (heir) and wife assassinated –
Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia – war declared – Jean Jaures pacifist and
socialist murdered in Paris, Germany declares war on Russia and France and
invades Belgium, Britain declares war on Germany – Austria declares war on
Russia – Serbia and Montenegro declare war on Germany – British troops land in
France – France and Britain declare war on Austria – Austria declares war on
Turkey, France and Britain declare war on Turkey, Russians invade E Prussia –
Germany occupies Liege – German warships Breslau and Goeben escape through
Dardanelles, Germans in Brussels – Battles of Manur and Mons – Germans
occupy Lille- Russians defeated at Tannenberg – Germans occupy Rheims –
Battle of Marne – Germans retreat – Russians defeated in battle of Masurian
Lakes, Hindenburg appoints German commander in the east – Russians invade
Hungary – Germans in Antwerp – first battle of Ypres – Austrians take Belgrade
and are driven out again, Germans take Lodz in Poland, Gandhi returns to Insia
and supports government, Party of US Marines land at Tampico MEX for
supplies and are detained – released 1.5 hours later and Admiral Mayo demands
21 gun salute to American flag – refused by President Huerta- Wilson sends US
fleet to Tampico – US Marines occupy Very Cruz – Huerta resigns ending
incident, Writers – Francis Brett Young, Joseph Conrad, james Joyce, Joyce
Kilmer (Trees), George Moore, Theodore Dreiser, Robert Frost, Andre Gide,
Elmer Rice (first use of flashback), Anton WIldgans, Paul Bourget, ER Burroughs
(Tarzan), Booth Tarkington, Bachel Lindsay, Edwin Cannan, Bertrand Russell,
Austin Dobson, Magnus Hirschfeld, death of Georg Trakl and Bertha von Suttner
the Austrian writers, death of French poet Frederic Mistral, death of German
authors Paul Heyse and Christian Morgenstern, death of Pope Pius X Cardinal
della Chiesa names Pope Benedict XV, Art: Augustus John, Matisse, Braque,
Henry Bacon designs Lincoln Memorial in D.C. death of English cartoonist John
Tenniel, Films – Charlie Chaplin in “Making a Living” and “Tillie’s Punctured
Romance”, “The Golem” “The Destruction of Carthage” “the Little Angel”, death
of German painter August Macke, Music: Irving Berlin, Rutland Boughton,
Baughan Williams, Paul Graener, Richard Strauss, Stravinski, death of Austrian
composer Richard Heuberger, Italian tenor Beniamino Gigli makes debut,
American Society of Composers Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) founded, JH
Jeans writes about radiation and quantum theory, Fertilization through peat
discovered by Bottomley, CD Broad writes about perception physics and reality,
Robert H Goddard (USA) begins rocketry experiments, EC Kendall prepares pure
thyroxin for treatment of thyroid deficiencies, John B Watson writes about
behavior and psychology, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Theodore W Richards, US
Court decides patent suit on airplanes in favor of Wright Brothers against Glenn
Curtiss, Dr. Alexis Carrel performs first successful heart surgery on dog, Cape
Cod Canal opens between Cape Cod and Buzzard’s Bay, Bank of England
authorized to issue money in excess of statutory limit, St. Petersburg changed to
Petrograd, Panama Canal opens, EH Shackleton leads Antarctic expedition, Jack
Dempsey begins fighting under name “Kid Blackey”, US Federal Trade
Commission established to police business practices in interstate commerce, 10.5
million immigrants enter US from SE Europe between 1905 and now, Yale Bowl
opened seating 80k, popular songs: “Colonel Bogey March” “Saint Louis Blues”
“Play A Simple Melody” “Syncopated Walk” “Twelfth Street Rag” “Blame It on
the Blues” “Missouri Waltz”, IWW organizer Joe Hill (Joel Hagglund) was
accused of murder and, despite only circumstantial evidence, was executed by the
state of Utah in 1915., fossilized bacteria discovered by Walcott, Neanderthal
baby excavated, World stock prices plummet and world exchanges suspend
trading, end of Senator Kearns the anti-Mormon printer, violence against the
Church in Britain ebbs due to war, Relief Society Lessons issued, Utah receives
favorable press for response to war until 1917, Archduke Ferdinand assassinated
by Bosnian student, Allies – Britain France Russia Italy US vs. Germany Austria-
Hungary and Turkey, Germans attack Belgium, Battle of Tannenburg – Russians
defeated, Battles include Masurian Lakes, Marne, Ypres, Irish Home Rule Act
provides partially separate parliament, Panama Canal opened, Ludlow massacre
when National Guard in Colorado fire on striking coal miners – many children
killed, Federal Bureau of Educaton adopts “The Gary Plan” by Wirt involving
bells and rotating schedules
1915 Germans start submarine campaign to blockade British, Dardanelles Campaign –
British try to force passage to Constantinople, Britain annexes Gilbert and Ellice
islands in Oceana, Ottoman Turks kill one million Armenians in genocide,
Earthquake in Italy, German zeppelins over England, German blockade, Allies
begin battle for Gallipoli, U Boat sinks Lusitania, Tsar Nicholas takes command
of Russian armies, British use gas, but wind shifts, Haig becomes British
commander, Allies withdraw from Gallipoli * Former president Taft visits Utah
again, Jun - AK hits 100 degree temps at Ft. Yukon, Aug - 20 inches of rain cause
flooding in Erie PA, death of Teodor Leschetitzky the Polish-Viennese pianist,
death of English chemist Henry E Roscoe, death of French composer Emile
Waldteufel, death of Scottish philologist and dictionary editor Sir James Murray,
death of English bestselling novelist Mary Elizabeth Braddon, death of American
scholar and educator Thomas R Lounsbury, death of French socialist politician
Edouard Vallant, death of English Biblical scholar TK Cheyne, death of German
patriotic painter Anton von Werner, death of Anthony Comstock the US reformer,
NV quake 7.1, Approximate beginnings of black migration – spurred on by WWI,
DW Griffith releases “The Clansman” later “Birth of a Nation”, Germans infect
livestock with glanders and anthrax and send them to neutral nations, Einstein
introduces general theory of relativity, Bell speaks with Thomas Watson over
intercontinental phone line, death of English cricket player WG Grace, Turkish
massacre of Armenians, Germans pioneer use of poisonous gas in warfare, Alfred
Wegener proposes continental Drift Theory in German, death of German
biochemist Paul Erlich, death of American inventor Frederick W Taylor, British
socialist leader Keir Hardie dies, death of Russian composer Alexander Scriabin,
death of English poet and dramatist JE Glecker, WWI – German airship pbombs
E Anglian ports – cruiser Blucher is sunk at Dogger Bank – First German
submarine attack – Le Havre – Germans take Memel – German blockade of
England begins – Russians take Przemysl Galicia – Second Battle of Ypres –
Anglo-French landings at Gallipoli – Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary and
Turkey – Germans sink Lusitania – first Zeppelin attack on London –
Mesopotamia surrenders to Britain – first Battle of the Isonzo – Second Battle of
Isonzo – Germans in Warsaw and Brest-Litovsk – Czar Nicholas II take ober
command of Russian army – Allied troops at Salonika – execution of Edith Cavell
in Brussels – Third and fourth Battles of Isonzo – Joseph Joffre becomes French
Commander-in-Chief – Doublas Haig becomes British Commander in Chief in
France, Britain’s merchant shipping losses during the war amount to over a
million tons. Erich Muenter the German instructor at Cornell U plants bomb that
destroys US Senate reception room then shoots J Pierpont Morgan Jr. and
commits suicide, US recognizes government of President Venustiano Carranza of
Mexico, Writers – Van Wyck, John Buchan, Paul Claudel, DH Lawrence, W
Somerset Maugham, Ezra Pound, Hermann Hesse, Edgar Lee Masters, Robert
Frost, death of British poet James Elroy Flecker, death of English poet Rupert
Brooke, Nobel Prize for Literature Romain Rolland, Washington Square Players –
Neighborhood Players and Provincetown players established, Wlodimierz Haika
von Ledochowski becomes general of the Jesuits, Arts: Raoul Dufy, Chagall,
FOrst Dada-style paintings by Marcel Duchamp, Films – “Birth of a Nation”
“Carmen” (Cecil B De Mille) “The Lamb” (Doublas Fairbanks) “The Fire”, death
of Russian composer Alexander Scriabin, Composers: Max Reger, Kalman, Max
von Schillings, Richard Strauss, Ivor Novello writes “Keep the Home Fires
Burning”, Classic New Orleans Jazz in bloom, death of French waltz composer
Emil Waldteufel, The remains of Touget de Lisle the composer of “La
Marseillaise” brought to Paris, Albert Einstein postulates General Theory of
Relativity, British chemist James Kendall isolated dysentery bacillus, Hugo
Junkers constructs first fighter airplane, Noble Prize for Physice WH and WL
Bragg (father and son), Nobel prize for Chemistry R Willstatter, death of German
bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich, Henry Ford develops farm tractor, Georg Cantor
develops theory of transfinite numbers, First transcontinental phone call between
Alexander Graham Bell and Dr. Thomas A Watson, Wireless service established
between US and Japan, Ford produces millionth car, Archibald Thorburn
publishes “British Birds”, death of English socialist politician James Keir Hardie,
WG Grace the English cricket player dies, Tetanus epidemics in the trenches, US
Coast Guard established, largest railroad station in Europe established in Leipzig
Germany, Lord Beaverborrk buys London’s “Daily Express”, death of industrial
relations pioneer Frederick Winslow Taylor, Margaret Sanger jailed for writing
“Family Limitation” book on birth control, President Wilson marries Mrs. Edith
Galt, Motorized taxis appear, Jess Willard defeats Jack Johnson to win
heavyweight boxing title, Automobile speed record of 102.6 mph in NY, popular
songs: “Fascination” “Joe Turner Blues” “Alabam Jubilee” “There’s A Broken
Heart for Every Light On Broadway” “A Little Bit of Heaven” “I Didn’t Raise
My Boy to be a Soldier”, Bridges identifies mutant fruit fly strains, Relief Society
Magazine published, Jesus the Christ published, Family Home Evening promoted,
Two Mormon leaders killed in Mexico, Rebellion of Manchus in China lasts one
year, US recognizes Carranza as president of Mexico and Porfiro Diaz is outraged,
Britain announces naval blockade of Germany, Gallipoli Campaign, German
submarine block of Britain - Second Battle of Ypres and first use of poisoned gas,
<i>Lusitania</i> sinks, Italy joins allies, Battles of Artois Champagne Loos,
Bulgaria joins Central Powers, Einstein publishes <i>General Theory of
Relativity</i> John Dewey publishes <i>Schools of Tomorrow</i> for
management of students
1916 killer avalanches in the Alps, Boer leader Jan Smuts leads anti-German drive from
Kenya into Tanzania, British and Belgian troops take Yaounde – capital of
German Cameroon, Arab revolt against Ottoman Turks in Hijaz, Hussein
pronounces self king of Arabs, Battle of Jutland between British and Germans
ends in stalemate, Easter Uprising against British in Ireland, Hipoliti Irigoyen
becomes president of Argentina until 1922, Effort to introduce national army
conscription in Australia defeated, Easter Rising in Dublin against Dublin,
Matheson Ontario CAN fire, NY polio outbreak, Avalanche in Italian Alps,
Britain institutes the draft, Battle of Verdun results in 1 million casualties, Battle
of Somme results in 1 million casualties – British introduce the tank, David Lloyd
George names British Prime Minister, Rasputin murdered Dec 31 * Spencer W.
Kimball attends four days of Democratic National Convention in St. Louis as
missionary, Jul - Tropical storms dump 20.16 inches of rain in Birmingham,
AL, Federal Loan Act makes it easier to borrow money, Railroad workers
successfully strike for 8hour workday, Jones Act in U.S. fails to give
independence to Philippines, U.S. ends protectorate status of Dominican Republic,
Dominicans ruled by military dictatorship under American government, Haiti asks
to sign treaty with U.S. to end dependent status with U.S., Francisco "Pancho"
Villa of Mexico kills 18 Americans in N Mexico, then crosses into New Mexico
and kills 17, U.S. troops invade Mexico, death of Italian actor Tommaso Salvini,
death of Spanish dramatist Jose Echegaray, death of Hetty Green “the richest
woman in the world” and a notorious miser, death of Austrian physicist and
philosopher Ernst Mach, death of American meteorologist Cleveland Abbe, death
of Anglo-American inventor Sir Hiram Maxim, death of French tragic actor Jean
Mounet-Sully, death of Queen of Rumania and writer Carmen Sulva (Elizabeth of
Wied), death of German conductor Hans Richter, death of US sculptor and
musician Moses Ezekiel, circus elephant hung in TN for killing a man, death of
Russion physiologist and 1908 Nobel Prize winner Ilya Ilich Mechnikov, death of
1905 winner of Nobel Prize for literature Henryk Sienkieweicz the Polish novelist,
end of Emperor of Vienna Francis Joseph I, Nicaraguan poet Rubén Dario dies,
End of US invasion of Mexico, battles of Verdun and Somme, Raspuitn murdered
in Russia, Monet's "Water Lilies", death of English chemist William Ramsay,
death of American astronomer Percival Lowell, death of Japanese novelist
Natsume Soseki, death of Rasputin the Russian monk, death of German composer
Max Reger, death of American novelist Jack London, death of German painter
Franz Marc (age 36), WWI – first Zeppelin raid on Paris – British Military
Service Act in force, Battle of Verdun – Germany declares war on Portugal –
Fifth Battle of the Isonzo – Allied attack on Zeebrugge – Roger Casement lands in
Ireland and is arrested and executed, Sinn Fein Easter Rebellin in Dublin –
Anzacs arrive in France – Battle of Jutland – HMS Hampshire sunk with Lord
Kitchener on board – beginning of the Allied Somme defensive – Sixth Battle of
the Isonzo – Italy declares war on Germany – Hindenburg appointed Chief of
German General Staff – Seventh battle of the Isonzo – British first use tanks on
Western Front – Eighth Battle of the Isonzo – Count Carl Sturgkh the Austrian
Premier assassinated, Ninth Battle of the Isonzo – Emperor Francis Joseph of
Austria dies – succeeded by grandnephew Charles I – Hussein proclaimed King of
the Arabs – Beatty appointed Commander in Chief of British navy – Jellicoe First
Sea Lord – Lloyd George becomes British Prime Minister – Briand becomes
French War Minister – Germany sends peace note to Allies – Wilson sends peace
note to all belligerents 0 General Joffre named Marshal of France – British
merchant shipping losses during year at 1.5 million tons – gas masks and steel
helmets introduced in German army – TE Lawrence (of Arabia) appointed British
political and liason officer to Faisal’s army, Woodrow Wilson reelected President
barely defeating Charles Evans Hughes, Francisco “Pancho” Villa the Mexican
Revolutionary general crosses border with guerillas and raids Columbus NM
killing 17 Americans – Brigadier General John J Pershing pursues Villa with 6000
troops but cannot find him – withdraws next year after differences are settled by
arbitration, US purchases Danish West Indiws (Virgin Islands) for 25 million, US
troops land in Santo Domingo Dominican republic to settle internal strife – not
withdrawn until 1924, Louis Brandeis named to US Supreme Court, Law
establishing eight-hour work day for railroad workers prevents nation-wide strike,
German saboteurs blow up munitions arsenal on Black Tom Island NJ, Writers:
Vicente Blasco Ibanez, John Buchan, D’Annunzio, James Joyce (Portrait of the
Artist…), George Moore, Leonid Andreyev, Harold Brighouse, Eugene O’Neill,
Henri Barbusse, Max Brod, Greeiedrich Gundolf, G Lowes Dickinson, Lionel
Curtis, Martin Buber, Vilfredo Pareto, John Dewey (Democracy and Education),
Carl Sandburg (Chicago Poems), Edwin Arlington Robinson, Theodore Dreiser,
Edna Ferber, Zoe Akins, deaths of writers: Henry James, Alan Seeger, Jose
Echegaray, Jack London, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Natsume Soseki, London wartime
revue “The Bing Boys are Here”, death of Austrian physicist Ernst Mach, Art:
Matisse, Frank Lloyd Wright designs Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, Dadaist cult in
Zurich under Tristan Tzara and Hans Arp, death of Franz Marc German painter,
John Marin the American artist becomes popular, Films “Intolerance”
“Civilization” “The Pawn Shop” (Chaplin), “Resurrection” “Homonkulus”, death
of artists Odilon Redon and Thomas Eskins, Music: EW Korngold, Ethel Smythe,
D’Albert, Felix von Weingartner, Schubert-Berte, Leo Fall, Granados, De Falla,
Frederic Norton, Jazz sweeps US, death of musician Max Reger, Sir Arthur
Eddington investigates physical properties of stars, Sympathectomy for relief of
angina pectoris first performed by Ionescu, Blood for transfusion first refrigerated,
death of American astronomer Percival Lowell, death of Russian scientist Ilya
Mechnikov, death of English chemist William ramsay, New valence theory stated
by GN Lewis, Theory of shell shock suggested by FW Mott, Frenchman Paul
Langevin constructs underwater ultrasonic source for submarine detection,
Women’s International Bowling Congress established in America, National
Savings movement founded in Britain, Food rationed in Germany, “Summertime”
(Daylight Savings Time) introduced in Britain, death of Russian monk Rasputin,
Foundation of Federation of British Industries, Bobby Jones makes US golf debut,
National Park Service established under US Dept. of the Interior, Margaret Sanger
joins in opening birth control clinic, Prohibition gains ground as 24 states vote
against alcohol, First Rose Bowl football game, PGA (golf) established, top songs:
“I Ain’t Got Nobody” “You Belong to Me” “The Darktown Strutters’ Ball”
“Goodbye, Good Luck, God Bless You”, Pancho Villa attacks Columbus NM
resulting in the US pursuit for a year by General Pershing, start of Mexican
Revolution, German saboteurs destroy ammunition in Jersey City killing 7 in the
explosion 1916 Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park,
Hodgenville KY 1916 (Sieur de Monts National Monument) 1916 Bandelier
National Monument, Los Alamos NM (Pueblo), doctrine of the Father and the
Son clarified, Irish Republican Brotherhood starts Easter Rebellion in Ireland,
Battles of Verdun Jutland Brusilov offensive, Somme, Death removed from
education of US children – the concept of evil replaced by bad attitudes between
1900 and 1916 – theme of work as good for youth removed from books by this
time
1917 Deadly tornado year in US Midwest, electric drill invented, Ras Tagari becomes
regent of Ethiopia, German forces in German East Africa withstand British and
Portuguese at Mahiwa – Germans withdraw into Mozambique, Balfour
Declaration promises homeland for Jews in Palestine, British troops capture
Baghdad and Jerusalem, Sun Yat-sen struggles for leadership of Chinese republic,
October Revolution, Mexico adopts new constitution, Brazil and US declares war
on Germany, Filipino National Guard organized in Philippines, Volcano in El
Salvador, German secretary Zimmerman telegram to Mexico discovered and
translated by Brits, Germans renew sub warfare, Ysar Nicholas II abdicates, halfmillion French mutiny (“go on strike”), US draft reinstated, 3rd battle of Ypres
results in 700,000 total casualties Jul-Nov, October revolution in Nov as Lenin
overthrows Kerensky’s government, New Russian government by Trotsky, Brits
take Jerusalem from Turkish Arabs * Wilson appoints Saint to subcabinet position
as James Henry Moyle serves as assistant secretary of Treasury, Future president
Hoover works with Bishop Charles W. Nibley at sugar conference, death of
Buffalo Bill Cody in Denver, Feb- Great Okeechobee Freeze devastates
everglades, Jun - 10 inch hailstones fall over Eskridge KS, Dec - Ohio River
freezes enough for people to walk from IN to KY, U.S. buys three Virgin Islands
from Denmark, U.S. troops withdraw from Mexico after capturing Pancho Villa Immigrants from Mexico start to increase, death of French impressionist Edgar
Degas, death of English dramatist Sir Francis Burnand, death of Carolus-Duran
the French portraitist, death of German airship designer Count Ferdinand von
Zeppelin, death of English novelist William De Morgan, death of French sculptor
Auguste Rodin, death of Swiss surgeon and 1909 Nobel Prize winner Emil
Theodor Kocher, Halifax loaded warship explosion causes tsunami – largest nonnuclear explosion, 300,000 blacks serve in WWI, British government passes
Balfour Declaration, Liberal then Bolshevik Revolutions in Tussia, Russia enters
WWI, US enters WWI, Germany first uses submarine warfare, death of English
actor Herbert Beerbohm Tree, WWI – Bread rationed in Britain – German
withdrawal on Western front, February Revolution in Russia – czar abdicates –
Poincare receives peace offer from Emperor Charles of Austria (Sixtus Letter),
US and Cuba declare war on Germany – Petain becomes Chief of French General
Staff – Isonzo battle #8? Continues – Albanian independence proclaimed – King
Constantine I of Greece abdicates in favor of son Alexander I – British royal
family renounces German names and titles, General Pershing arrices in Paris to
head American forces – Russian Black Sea fleet mutinies at Sebastopol – General
Allenby takes over British Palestine command – fuel and food controls in US –
first US division arrives in France – air attacks on England – Kerensky Russian
Premier – beginning of Passchendaele battle – China declares war on Germany
and Austria – peace note of Pope Benedict XV – German aircraft attack London –
Italian army routed at Caporetto – Balfour Declaration on Palestine – October
Revolution in Petrograd (Nov 7), Lenin appointed Chief Commissar – Trotsky
Commissar for Foreign Affairs – Clemenceau Premier of France – first tank battle
takes place at Cambrai – German-Russian armistice signed at Brest-Litovsk –
Finnish Republic proclaimed, US declares war on Hungary and Austria – Turks
surrender Jerusalem – British merchant shipping losses during year approx. 4
million tons, Starvation Year in Germany, Allies execute dancer Mata Hari as spy,
US government purchases Dutch West Indies, Literacy requirements for US
citizenship passed over Wilson’s veto, Wilson inaugurated to second term –
Writers: Norman Douglas, TS Eliot, Leon Feuchtwanger, Knut Hamsun, Henry
James, Paul Valery, James Barrie, Upton Sinclair, Unamuno, Sigfried Sassoon,
Alec Waugh, JJ Jusserand, Edwin Arlington Robinson, Amy Lowell, Hamlin
Garland, Sinclair Lewis, Hermann Fernau, CG Jung (Psychology), Salzburg
Festival initiated by writers, Laura E Richards and Maude Howe Elliot (Julia
Ward Howe) wins first Pulitzer Prize for biography, Sarah Bernhardt 72 begins
last tour of America, Picasso designs surrealist sets and costumes for Satie’s ballet
Parade, Art: Modigliani, Pierre Bonnard, JS Sargent, George Gorsz, death of
Degas and Rodin and Albert P Ruder, CD Carra and Giorgio de Chirico found
school of Italian metaphysical painting, Films – “The Little Princess” (Mary
Pickford), “Mater dolorosa”, “U.F.A.”, Chaplin’s annual salary reaches one
million dollars, Music: Hans Pfitzner, Prokofiev, Ottorino Respighi, Busoni,
Sigmund Romberg, Bartok, Chicago becomes world jazz center – first jazz
recordings by Dixieland Jazz Band (NY), French composes “Les Six” include
AUric, Durey, Honegger, Milhaud, Poulenc, and Tailleferre, death of Count
Ferdinand Zeppelin, Sigmund Freud introduces psychoanalysis, death of German
physician and bacteriologist Emil Behring, Wagner von Jauregg treats syphilitic
paralysis by injecting malaria, 100-in. reflecting telescope installed at Mt. Wilson
in CA, Quebec railroad bridge completed, Imperial War Museum founded in
London, Trans-Siberian Railroad completed, death of WF “Buffalo Bill” Cody,
Bobbed hair as ladies’ fashion sweeps Britain and US, Companion of Honour and
Order of the British Empire decorations established, Four women arrested for
picketing White House on behalf of Women’s Suffrage and are sent to 6 months
jail, US Senate bill rejects Wilson’s suffrage bill, IWW demonstration against war
result in raids on their offices, First baseball game played in Polo Grounds on a
Sunday violate NY blue law – managers arrested, top songs: “The Bells of St.
Mary’s” “Over There” “Hail! Hail! The Gang’s All Here” “McNamara’s Band”,
Liberty loan rally held at NYSE promoted by former president Taft. Church
Administration Building built, Jewish national home made in Palestine, Mata Hari
the dancer and loose woman wrongly accused of spying and executed, Russian
Revolution, US enters WWI, British capture Baghdad from Turkey, T.E.
Lawrence takes command of Arab revolt against Turkey, Third battle of Ypres
and battles of Caporetto, Oct. Revolution in Russia, Balfour declaration – British
seeks Jewish state, British capture Jerusalem, US education moves under the
“Education Trust” which included Rockefeller Carnegie Harvard Stanford U of
Chicago and NEA, School riots in New York over forced schooling by Jewish
students, Figure of nancy Green – the original Aunt Jemima – replaced with
kerchiefed caricature to 1989
1918 Fire un Cloquet US (Can?), Fire in Hinckley (US/CAN), defeat of Kaiser William
II of Germany, Emir Faisal proclaims Syrian state, king in 1920, Venezuela
oilfields opened, Wilson’s 14 points, Queen Salote becomes queen of Tonga, Flu
epidemic kills more than the war, Irish republicans win seats in government and
found own parliament in Dublin, Cloquet MN fire, Red Baron killed, Czar
Nicholas II murdered, German sailors mutiny, Turks sign armistice, Kaiser
Wilhelm II abdicates, Weimar republic created, 11:00 on 11/11 armistice signed *
American Relief Committee chair Hoover expresses gratitude for Relief Society,
Jan - Coldest New Years in Boston, Oct Puerto Rico's great earthquake produces
tsunami
Women's effort in WWI pushes through a constitutional amendment to vote,
death of American historian of the West Hubert Howe Bancroft, death of
American educator Andrew White – also ambassador and president of Cornell U,
death of one of the “Great Five” composers Russian Cesar Cui, death of American
historian Henry Adams, death of Austrian architect and user of reinforced
concrete Otto Wagner, death of Italian composer Arrigo Boito, death of Austrian
writer and poet Peter Rosegger, Puerto Rico 7.5 quake and tsunami, BC CAN
quake 7, American troops invade Russia to try and reestablish old regime, Second
deadliest fire Cloquet fire in MN kills 453, Start of Spanish flu pandemic killing
between 20 and 100 million within a year, Cyril Briggs founds African Blood
Brotherhood – a radical organization, death of English composer Sir Hubert Parry,
end of liberal constitution in Prussia, Debussy dies, Wilson proposes 14 points to
end war, Civil war in Russia, Armistice ends western part of WWI, death of
French composer Claude Debussy, death of German dramatist Frank Wedekind,
death of French dramatist Edmond Rostand, death of Mohammed V of Turkey,
WWI- Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points – Russian constituent assembly in Petrograd
dissolved by Bolsheviks – peace treaty of Brest-Litovsk between Russian and
Central Powers – transfer of Soviet government to Moscow – General Foch takes
over United command on W front-, 1388 planes of the German Luftwaffe
assembled for attack – British RAF replaces RFC – Rumania signs peace treaty
with Central Powers – German offensive on W Front – Germans bomb Paris –
Pittsburgh Agreement between Czechs and Slovaks – Second battle of the Marne
– Japanese advance into Siberia – Allied offensive on W Front opens – attempted
assassination of Lenin in Moscow – Hsu-Shih-Chang president of Chinese
Republic – collapse of Turkish resistance in Palestine – German Chancellor Count
Hertling resigns – Prince Max of Baden named German Chancellor – Germany
and Austria agree to President Wilson’s demand to retreat to their own territory
before armistice is signed – Germany suspends submarine warfare – Ludendorff
dismissed – Czechoslovakia proclaimed independent republic – Hungarian
Premier Count Tisza assassinated – Allies sign armistice with Austria-HungaryGerman fleet Mutinies at Kiel – Allied conference at Versailles agrees on peace
terms for Germany – German republic proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann –
Armistice signed between Allies and Germany – German fleet surrenders. Mexico
nationalizes oilfields, British government abandons hone-rule for Ireland – Sultan
Mohammad VI of Turkey ascends throne – Nicholas II and family executed –
King Ferndinand of Bulgaria abdicates in favor of his son Boris, US –
Republicans win majority, Polish republic proclaimed, Revolution in Berlin –
William II abdicates, Austria becomes a republic, Charles I renoundes all
participation in Austrian affairs of state, TG Masaryk elected President of
Czechoslovakia, Josef Pilsudski vested with dictatorial powers in Poland and
elected chief of state, Eugenio Pacelli (later Pius XII) named papal nuncio to the
Weimar Republic – Montenegro unites with Serbia, Iceland becomes sovereign
state, Serbo=Croatian-Slovene Kingdom of Yugoslavia pronounced, Gen.
Mannerheim named Regent of Finland, British general election results in coalition
majority, Wilson arrives in Paris for peace conference, Poles occupy Posen,
German revolutionary Communist Workers’ Party (KPD) founded in Berlin by
Liebknecht and Luxemburg, Women over 30 get the vote in Britain, death of Irish
leader John Redmond, death of Russian Cossack Leader Lavr Kornilov, death of
Russian politician Georgi Pickhanov, American socialist and candidate Eugene V
Debs sentenced to 10 years in prison for violating espionage and sedition law,
Deaths of writers: George Alexander, Peter Rosegger, Edmond Rostand, Frank
Wedekind, Wilfred Owen, Guillaume Apollinaire, Henry Adams, Johce Kilmer,
Bernon Castle (dancer), Writers: Arnold Bennett, Aleksander ALeksandrovich,
Rupert Brooke, Willa Cather (My Antonia), Arthur Dinter, Anatole France,
Leonhard Frank, Gerhart Hauptmann, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Laurence
Housman, James Joyce, Georg Kaiser, Alfred Kerr, Selma Lagerlof, Thomas
Mann, Pinero, Ladislaw Stanislaw Reymont, Arthur Schnitzler, Lytton Strachey,
WH Hudson, Aldous Huxley, SH Lawrence, Eduard Stucken, Miguel de
Unamuno, HG Wells, Rebecca West, Wyndham Lewis, Amy Lowell, Andre
Maurois, HL Mencken, Luigi Pirandello, Booth Tarkington, Gustav Cassel,
Charles Horton Cooley, Georges Duhamel, Roman Catholic philosopher, Romano
Guandini, Harold Hoffding, Ellen Key, Bertrand Russell, Moritz Schlick, Oswald
Spengler, AE Newton, Henry Adams, W Smith and F Bacon, Best seller V
Blasco-Ibanez’s “The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse”, US Post Office burns
installments of James Joyce’s “Ulysses”, , Stars and Stripes newspaper begins
publication, Richard Huelsenbeck starts Dada movement in Germany, Theater
guild of New York founded by Lawrence Langner, death of German philosopher
Georg Simmel, death of Russian mathematician Alexander Liapunov, death of
American philosopher Randolph Bourne, United Lutheran Church established in
US, Controversy over new psychology of Freud and Jung, second Moscow U
founded, death of French novelist Josephin Peladan, Films – “Ma the Mummy”
“Carmen” “A Dog’s Life”, “Shoulder Arms” (Chaplin), “The Tenth Symphony”,
Art: Juan Gris, Paul Klee, Oskar Kokoschka, Fernand Leger, Amedeo Modigliani,
Edvard Munch, Paul Nash, Matisse, Robert Delauney, Kandinsky, Joan Miro,
Death of Swiss artist Gerdinand Hodler, David Low’s cartoons appear in London,
Ozenfant and Le Corbusier publish manifesto on purism after cubism, MUSIC:
Eugene D’Albert, Bartok, Irving Berlin, Rudolf Friml, Jerome Kern, Hans
Pfitzner, Giacomo Puccini, Erik Satie, Franz Schreker, Stravinski, Death of
musicians Arrigo Boito, Claude Debussy, Hubert Parry, AS Taneiev, Cesar Cui,
death of English singer Liza Lehmann, Karl Straube appointed to German musical
school, NY Philharmonic Society b ans compositions by living Germans, Paris
opera opens with Faust under bombardments, Karl Muck German conductor of
Boston Symphony arrested as alien, Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge gives first
of her music festivals, death of mathematician Georg FLP Cantor, Sir Arthur
Stanley writes about principle of relativity, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Fritz Haber,
Leonard Woolley begins Babylonian excavations, Nobel Prize for physics Max
Planck (quantum theory), Ludwig Prandtl German physicist develops wing theory
for flight, Harlow Shapley American astronomer discovers dimensions of Milky
Way, Vilhjalmur Stefansson Canadian explorer returns from 5-year journey in
arctic, Mount Wilson telescope completed in CA, death of German explorer of
Africa Karl Peters, Regular airmail service between New York and D.C., Daylight
saving time introduced in America, Eight-hour day established in Germany, food
shortage in Britain leads to national food kitchens and rationing, US boxing
champion Abraham Hollandersky (“Abe the Newsboy” retires, Hong Kong
Jockey Club collapses – 600 die, World-wide influenza epidemic strikes (22
million die by 1920), Knute Rockne named head football coach at U of Notre
Dame, death of world heavyweight boxing champion John L Sullivan, Statistics –
8.5 million killed in war and 21 million wounded, Total US population 103.5
million, death of American collector of Western material HH Bancroft, Missouri
last state to ratify compulsory school attendance law, Jack Dempsey American
heavyweight boxing champion, “Exterminator” wins Kentucky Derby, first
Chicago-NY air mail, “Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning” “K-K-K-Katy”
“Good Morning Mr. Zip-Zip-Zip!” “I’m Always Chasing Rainbows”, Son of
Joseph F Smith dies and President Smith receives vision of Redemption of the
Dead, President Grant sustained by 12 but not by Church until 1919 due to flu,
Russia accepts the 1582 Gregorian Calendar, Britain captures Palestine and
Mesopotamia (Iraq) – Treaty of Versailles punishes GER heavily, Canadian
flying ace Billy Bishop becomes English and kills 72 in battle, Norway’s
Christian X also rules Iceland, Revolution in Germany, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
between Russia and Germany - Russia withdraws from war, Women over 30 get
vote in Britain, Second battle of marne, Tsar Nicholas II and families murdered,
Allies’ offensive on Western Front – Germany begins retreat – Italian victory over
Austria-Hungary, German Armistice, Russia adopts Gregorian calendar, British
evolutionist Benjamin Kidd writes about US education attempting to “impose on
the young the ideal of subordination”, NEA findings criticize academic pursuits as
leading too many students to new invention business and independence
1919 Kelut eruption, ANC demonstrates against pass laws in Transvaal, British troops
massacre over 300 Indian civilians at Amritsar, Ernest Rutherford splits atom, US
Congress refuses to recognize League of Nations, Augusto Leguia president of
Peru – very progressive until 1930, Dry dock completed at Pearl Harbor HI, War
between Ireland and Britain, Corpus Christi TX cyclone, Eruption in Java, flue
pandemic, Russian Civil War, German coup suppressed, German socialists
Liebknecht, Luxemburg murdered, cenotaph unveiled in London, Wilson
collapses in exhaustion * Taft makes fifth visit to Utah – promoting League of
Nations, Wilson visits Utah – meets with Emmeline B. Wells, Wilson blessed in
HI temple dedicatory prayer, "Zeigfeld's Follies" debuts, Actor's strike, Navy
seaplane first crosses Atlantic via the Azores, death of English physicist and
chemist Sir William Crookes, death of German philosopher and zoologist Ernst
Haeckel, death of American industrialist Andrew Carnegie, death of English
painter Sir Edward Poynter, death of English actor Sir Charles Wyndham, death
of Japanese liberal statesman Count Taisuke Itagaki, death of Sir Evelyn Wood –
first British Sirdar of Egyptian army, death of French impressionist Pierre
Auguste Renoir, death of Canadian statesman Sir Wilfred Laurier, death of
Swedish anatomist Gustaf Retzius, death of 1904 Nobel Prize winner and English
physicist John William Strutt, death of American soprano (Spanish-born) Adelina
Patti, Molasses Flood – 21 killed in tank rupture, end of Spanish flu pandemic
with 20-100 million dead, “Red Summer” of race riots in 26 US cities, Marcus
Garvey organizes and leads black nationalist movement, Prohibition begins in US,
Ernest Rutherford splits atom artificially, Treaty of Versailles ends WWI, death of
Swedish painter Carl Larsson, death of Italian opera composer Ruggiero
Leoncavallo, death of Theodore Roosevelt #26, Wealthy cosmetic manufacturer
Mme. C.J. Walker dies, death of George I of Greece, death of Swiss chemist and
1913 Nobel Prize winner Alfred Werner, murder of Rosa Luxemburg the German
socialist leader, Herbert Hoover named director-general of international
organization for European relief, Spartacist revolt in Berlin, Theodore Roosevelt
#26 dies, Karl Liebknecht the German left-wing socialist murdered by
counterrevolutionary German Freikorps officers together with Rosa Luxemburg
the socialist leader, Prohibition amendment ratified (18), Ignace Paderewski
named Premier of Poland, Peace Conference opens at Versailles, President
Wilson presides over League of Nations meeting in Paris, Friedrich Ebert named
President of German Republic, death of first French-Canadian Prime Minister of
Canada Sir Wilfred Laurier, Amanullah becomes Amir of Afghanistan, Bavarian
Premier Kurt Wisner assassinated, Soviet government formed by Bela Kin in
Budapest, Hapsburg dynasty exiled from Austria, Eamon de Valera becomes
President of Sinn Fein, Red Army enters Crimea, New German constitution
promulgated at Weimar, General strike in Winnipeg CAN, War between British
Indian and Afghan forces, War between Finland and USSR, Red Army takes Ufa
– beginning of White defeat, Gustav Bauer follows Scheidemann as German
Chancellor,k German fleet scuttled at Scapa Flow, German peace treaty signed at
Versailles, Edward Carson demands repeal of Home Rule in Ireland, Peace
celebrations in Britain, Race Riots in Chicago, Bela Kun regime in Hungary
overthrown, Mackenzie King becomes Canadian Liberal leader, Prince of wales
tours Canada and US, death of S African general and statesman Louis Botha, Jan
Christian Smuts succeeds Botha as Prime Minister of Union of South Africa,
Allied peace treaty with Austria signed at St. Germain, Gabriele D’Annunzio
seizes Fiume (Rijeka) from Yugoslavia with an unofficial Italian army, American
steel strike, British troops withdraw from Murmansk, New York dock workers
strike, George Curzon succeeds AJ Balfour as British Foreign Secretary,
International Labor Conference in Washington endorses eight-hour workday, First
two-minutes silence in Britain on anniversary of armistice day, US Senate’s
resolution on Article X of League of Nations Covenant, Red Army takes Omsk,
Lady Astor first British woman Member of Parliament to take her seat elected,
American delegates leave Peace Conference, Red Army captures Kharkov, US
House of Representatives moves to curtail immigration – Nobel Peace Prize –
President Woodrow Wilson, Count Taisuke Itagaki the Japanese statesman dies,
Aleksandr Izvolski the Russian statesman dies, assassination of German socialist
leader Hugo Haase, death of William P Schreiner the S African statesman, death
of Sir Evelyn Wood the British field marshal, Fighting begins between French
and Syrians at Baalbek Syria, Under treaty of Neuilly – Bulgaria cedes territories
to Romania, Hungarian Red troops invade Czechoslovakia but are forced to
withdraw, FS Nitti succeeds VE Orlando as Italian Prime Minister, AntiBolshevik army of Admiral AV Kolchak defeated in the Urals, General AI
Denikin effectively battles against Soviet forces, Writers: Sherwood Anderson,
James B Vabell, Joseph Conrad, John Drinkwater, Andre Gide, Thomas Hardy,
Hermann Hesse, WR Inge, Ring Lardner, Hugh Lofting (Dr. Doolittle), WS
Maugham, HL Mencken, Upton Sinclair, Aleksandr Tairov, Hugh Walpole, Franz
Werfel, Israel Zangwill, Rabindranath Tagore, Carl Sandburg, Karl Barth, Henri
Bergson, Ernst Cassirer, Havelock Ellis, Irving Fisher, Johan Huizinga, Karl
Jaspers, JM Keynes, Count Hermann von Keyserling, VIlfredo Pareto, Rudolf
Steiner, Sigrid Undset, John Boradus Watson, DEATHS of Writers: Andrew Ady
(Hungary), Ella Wheeler Wilcox (USA), Karl Gjellerup (DAN), Leonid Andreyev
(RUS), WW Campbell (CAN), Francis Haverfield (ENG historian), Sir John
Pentland Mahaffy (Irish educator), William Cunningham (ENG economist), Ernst
Haeckel (GER zoologist and philosopher), Max Reinhardt opens “Oresteia” play,
War memoirs by Tirpitz, Ludendorff, Lord Fisher, Field Marshal French, Admiral
Jellicoe, General Falkenhayn, Church Assembly established by British Parliament,
Church and State separated in Germany, New universities in Hamburg Posen
Bratislava and Cologne, ART: Ernst Barlach (sculpture), Kandinsky, Klee, Max
Liebermann, Amedeo Modigliani, Monet, Munch, Picasso, Ferdinand Leger,
Bauhaus founded and built in Weimar GER, Films: “Madame Dubarry”
“J’Accuse!” “Half-Caste” “The Devil’s Passkey”, death of artist William Gilbert
Gaul, Carl Larsson (SWE), Renoior, Henry Clay Frick, William Michael Rossetti,
Sir Edward Poynter, Wilhelm Luhmbruck, German architect Hans Poelzig works,
Hans Arp and Max Ernst create collages, MUSIC: Eugene D’Albert, Adolf Busch,
Edward Elgar, Manuel de Falla, Fritz Kreisler, Andre Messager, Othman Schoeck,
Oskar Straus, Richard Strauss, Harry Tierney, CT Griffes, Adolf Busch starts
Busch String Quartet,, Jazz arrives in Europe, death of Ruggiero Leoncavallo
Italian composer, death of soprano Adelina Patti, death of German musicologist
Hugo Riemann, death of American composer Horatio V Parker, death of French
opera composer Xavier Leroux, Edgar Varese conducts New York New
Symphony Orchestra, AD Julliard dies – leaving 20 million to endow Julliard
School of Music in NY, Los Angeles Symphony Orchestra first concert,
SCIENCE: English FW Aston builds mass-spectrograph and establishes isotopy,
Jakob Bherknes discovere causes of cyclones, death of Wnglish physicist William
Crookes, death of German chemist Emil Fischer, English physicist John William
Strutt (Baron Rayleigh), Swiss chemist Alfred Werner, Hungarian phusicist
Roland Eotvos, Sir William Osler Canadian professor, Swiss Botanist Simon
Schwendener, Robert H Goddard publishes on rocketry, Thomas Hunt Morgan
publishes about genetics, Rutherford demonstrates that atom is not the ultimate
particle, Ernest Shackleton publishes trek to Antarctic, First experiments with
short-wave radio, Ross and Keith Smith fly from London to Australia, Arnold
Sommerfeld writes about spectroscopy, Noble Prize for Physice Johannes Stark –
German showing warping of light in electrical field, Experiment on sound film by
Massolle and Hans Vogt, LIFE: JW Alcock and A Whitten Brown make non-stop
flight across Atlantic, Austria abolishes death penalty, death of US industrialist
Andrew Carnegie, Jack Dempsey takes world boxing title, Rose Bowl held,
Suzanne Lenglen begins to dominate women’s tennis, Radio Corporation of
America (RCA) founded, Railroad lines total 265,000 in America, Babe Ruth hits
587-foot home run, Jim Thorpe finishes six-year baseball career, Belgian war
damage est $7.6 billion, death of Frank W Woolworth founder of stores, “Black
Sox” bribery scandal in baseball, American Legion formed, Sir Barton becomes
first horse to win triple crown, Juan Belmonte the Spanish matador kills 200 bulls
in 109 corridas, development of mechanical rabbit for modern greyhound racing,
top songs: “Swanee” “Hinky Dinky Parlay Voo” “Dardanella” “Alcoholic Blues”
“A Good Man is Hard to Find”, NC-4 Aircraft crosses Atlantic from
Newfoundland to the Azores, Chinese dragon bones disproven and shown to be
horses and deer 1919 Acadia National Park, Bar Harbor ME, Deseret Book
founded, President Grant sustained by Church after delay due to flu, Former
President Taft and others hold League of Nations convention in Salt Lake – some
Brethren support and some oppose publicly, UT becomes deciding state for repeal
of prohibition, Daily air service begins between London and Paris, First non-stop
flight across Atlantic by Alcock and Whitten-Brown, Germany made a republic,
molasses flood in Boston kills 21, League of Nations formed, Nationalist
movement formed in India, Treaty of Versailles signed by Germany – must pay
reparations – Treaty of Saint-Germain signed by Austria ending Habsburg
monarchy, Irish rebellion leads to Sinn Fein party, Weimar Constitution adopted
in Germany, Spartacist (Communist) rising in Berlin crushed, Italian nationalist
Gabriel d’Annunzio takes Fiume from Yugoslavis, Facism in Italy by Benito
Mussolini, Mohandas Gandhi (Mahatma) begins campaign of passive resistance
in India, Progressive Education Associaion founded at Columbia Teacher’s
College by John Dewey with Rockefeller money
1920 Drought at horn of AFR for 3 years, Drought in S AFR, deadliest landslide hits
Gansu, earthquake in Gansu, Emir Faisal becomes king of Syria, British and
Indians increase settlement in Kenya, Palestine becomes British mandate, Indian
leader Gandhi launches peaceful non-cooperation movement against British rule,
US refuses to recognize League of Nations, Prohibition in US until 33, New
Zealand given mandate over Samoa, Formation of Federal Country Party in
Australia, New Zealand becomes member of League of Nations, War between
England and Ireland, Church of Wales disestablished, Earthquake in Kansu China,
US Senate fails to ratify Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations, Failure to
overthrow Weimar Republic * Former president Taft 6th visit to Utah to support
Reed Smoot – Smoot backs Harding for president – suggested that he would get
cabinet post but declines, Smoot convinces Harding that Hoover be named
secretary of commerce – as that role meets with many Saints, FDR unsuccessfully
runs for VP, Mar - Northern lights visible in FL, May - F4 tornado destroys Peggs
OK, Al Jolson performs, Approximately 8 million cars and 1 million trucks now
in United States, death of German mathematician Moritz Benedikt Cantor, death
of German philosopher Wilhelm Wundt, death of English astronomer Sir Norman
Lockyer, death of American novelist and criticWilliam Dean Howells, death of
German composer Max Bruch, death of English novelist Rhoda Broughton, death
of British admiral Lord Fisher, China quake kills 200000 est 8.6 or 7.8,
life
expectancy of humans reaches 50 years (some goldfish life 50 in the wild),
US troops flee from Vladivostok, 1920, Approximate beginnings of the
Harlem Renaissance, 19th Amendment, NY Times article ridicules rockets in
space, death of English novelist Mrs. Humphry Ward, End of Russian Civil War,
League of nations founded, Women given right to vote in US, early radio
broadcasting invented, death of German popular novelist Ludwig Ganghofer,
death of American explorer Robert E Peary, death of German sculptor Max
Klinger, death of German poet Richard Dehmel, death of Italian painter Amedeo
Modigliani, Official start of the League of Nations in Paris, US Senate votes
against joining League of Nations, Paul Deschanel becomes president of France,
CLemenceay resigns – Millerand takes over as Premier of France, Red Army
captures Odessa, Bainbridge Colby succeeds Robert Lansing as US Secretary of
State, Nicolaus von Horthy named Regent of Hungary, Emir Feisal becomes king
of an independent Syria, Wolfgang Kapp stages short-lived monarchist coup in
Berlin, Conference of San Remo deals with German reparations – Britain receives
Palestine Mandate, Conscroption abolished in Britain, President Caranza of
Mexico assassinated – succeeded by Adolfo de la Huerta, Allies and Hungary
sign Treaty of Trianon, Republicans nominate Warren G Harding (elected) with
Calvin Coolidge as running mate, The Hague selected as seat of International
Court of Justice, Demoncrats name James M Chot for presidency with FDR as
running mate, death of John Lord Fisher the British admiral, death of Empress of
the French and consort of Napoleon III Eugenie, Treaty of St. Germain comes
into force, The Little Entente of Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia and Romania formed,
19th amendment – women’s suffrage, Alexandre Millerand elected French premier,
US and China sign tariff treaty, death of King Alexander of Greece, League of
Nations moved to Geneva, New Austrian constitution comes into force, Treaty of
rapallo signed, Danzig declared a free city, end of Russian Civil War, Convention
of Nicaragua Honduras and Costa Rica, death of British politician Jesse Collings,
Alvaro Obregon elected president of Mexico, King Constantine of Greece returns
to Athens as a result of plebiscite, Government of Ireland Act passed by British
Parliament, Otto Meissner head of the office of the German President, Adolf
Hitler announces 25-point plan at Munich, Gandhi emerges as India’s leader in
struggle for independence, Royal Institute of International Affairs founded in
London, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti arrested for murder of two in MA,
WRITERS: Sherwood Anderson, Max Beerbohm, Arnolt Bronnen, Van Wyck
Brooks, Agatha Christie (among earliest), Colette, F Wills Crofts, F Scott
Fitzgerald, Zona Gale, John Galsworthy, Jaroslav Hasek, Franz Kafka, Georg
Kaiser, Karl Kraus, Sinclair Lewis, Vachel Lindsay, Emil Lidwig, Katherine
Mansfield, AA Milne, Eugene O’Neill, E Phillips Oppenheim, Ezra Pound, Jules
Romains, Carl Sandburg, Upton Sinclair, Sigrid Undset, Paul Valery, John Reed
(American communist), Charles Vildrac, HG Wells, Edith Wharton, Stefan Zweig,
Alfred Adler, Samuel Alexander, Carl G Jung, Count Hermann von Keyserling,
(opens school of wisdom), Jacques Maritain, Bertrand Russell, Geroge Santayana,
Nathan Soderblom, Alfred North Whitehead, DEATHS: Richard Dehmel (GER),
Ludwig Ganghofer (GER), William Dean Howells (USA), Rhoda Broughton
(ENG), Benito Perez Galdos (ESP), John Reed (USA), Olive Schreiner (S AFR),
Mrs. Humphry Ward (ENG), Aleksander Blok (RUS), Wilhelm Wundt (GER
psychologist), Nobel prize for literature – Knut Hamsun, Vsevolod E Meyerhold
opens theater in Moscow, Joan of Arc canonized, ART: Charles Burchfield, Juan
Gris, Henri Matisse, Lyonel Feininger, William Nicholson, Stanley Spencer,
Fernand Leger, Visitors to Dadaist Art expo in Cologne allowed to smash
paintings, Films: “The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari” “The Golem” “Pollyanna” (Mary
Pickford) “Cesare Borgia” – Marcel Duchamp makes his first abstract movie,
death of German painter Max Klinger, Max Liebermann elected President of the
Prussian Academy of Arts, death of Italian painter Amedeo Modigliani, death of
Swedish impressionist Anders Zorn, death of English painter Briton Riviere,
death of American painter Abbot Thayer, death of Eng painter Sir William B
Richmond, MUSIC: Vincent d’Indy, Jerome Kern, Erich Wolfgang, Franz Lehar,
Maurice Ravel, Oskar Straus, Igor Stravinsky, Henry Hadley, Ralph Vaughan,
Gustav Holst (The Planets), deaths: Max Bruch (GER), Charles Tomlinson
Griffes (USA), Maud Powell (USA), Camille Saint-Saens Festival in Athens,
Christmas Radio Concert from GER, Beniamino Gigli makes debut at Met NY,
Paul Whiteman tours Europe with his band, SCIENCE: deaths: Sir William
Abney British photographic chemist, William C Gorgas American surgeon who
eorked to control yellow fever, death of English astronomer Sir Norman Lockyer,
death of American arctic explorer Robert Edwin Peary, death of German botanist
Wilhelm Pfeffer, American surgeon Harvey Cushing develops new techniques in
brain surgery, Arthur Stanley Eddington publishes about space time and gravity,
Austrian meteorologist Heinrich von Ficker recognizes importance of stratosphere,
German engineer Anton Flettner invents rotor ship, Nobel Prize – physics
Edouard Guillaume fir anomalies in nickel-steel alloys, Medicine – August
Krough for capillary blood regulation, Chemistry – Walter Nernst – heat theorem,
Raschig process uses HCl for chlorination of benzene, Rorschach (SWI) develops
inkblot test, Ger astronomer Max Wolf shows true structure of Milky Way and
photographs asteroids, Ethelda M Bleibtrey (USA) wins three gold medals at
Antwerp Olympics (first after 8 years), Mexican Alfredo Codona becomes first
man to perform triple somersault in air, Britain grants 3747 divorces, Erthwuake
in Kansu CHI claims 200k, Marconi opens first public broadcasting station, Babe
Ruth sold by Boston Red Sox to NY Yankees, Hugo Stinnes GER begins to
organize colossal trust, William Tilden begins 5-year domination of tennis,
Original baseball field in Cooperstown NY dedicated as permanent memorial,
Westinghouse Company opens first American broadcasting station, “Time and
Tide” publication appears, Unemployment Insurance introduced in Britain and
Austria, Water skiing started in FRA, death of American financier and
philanthropist Jacob Schiff, US pop at 117,823,165, Bomb explosion in Wall
Street kills 35 and wounds 130, “Man O’War” US thoroughbred put out to stud
after winning 20/21 races, First airmail from NY to San Francisco, 18th
amendment in effect – prohibition starts, KDKA first commerciak radio
broadcasts, Popular Artists Al jolson, Ted Lewis, Paul Whiteman, Char;es
Harrison, Art Hickman, Elders McKay and Cannon take world tour, Germany
reopens, China dedicated, League of Nations founded, Lehi dairy farmers first
ship via electric rail to Salt Lake City (Elisha Peck Jr. named as party), Jewish
state of Palestine established, Civil war in Ireland aggravated by British troops,
Northern Ireland accepts Home Rule Act, Treaty of Rapallo between Italy and
Yugoslavia, Russia and Poland at war, League of Nations first meets, Prohibition
passes in US, Treaty of Sevres between Allies and Turkey opposed by Turkish
nationalists led by Mustafa Kemal, Palestine established as Jewish state with
British administration, end of reformation of children’s books, Margaret Sanger
of Planned Parenthood writes that killing members of large families is merciful,
1921 Insulin discovered, Abd-el-Krim leads Berbers and Arabs against Europeans in N
Africa, Lenin introduces new economic policy in Russia, Progressive president
Juan Bautista Saavedra in Bolivia begins, Australia given mandate over German
New Guinea, Anglo-Irish Treaty between Britain and Ireland, Pueblo CO storm
and flood, flood San Antonio TX, Drought hits Volga region of Russia, Russian
civil war ends, Russians spared by donations of American food * Saints call on
Chief Justice Taft – give him Book of Mormon, Feb - F4 tornado damages GA,
Jun Cloudburst in CO kills 120, Nov - 54inhes of snow falls near Dalles OR,
Josephine Baker performs, Philippines granted independence from U.S., U.S.
gives Colombia $25 million to compensate for losing Panama in 1903, death of
Archbishop of Baltimore Catholic James Cardinal Gibbons, death of French
composer Camille Saint-Saens, death of Austrian genre painter Franz Defregger,
death of American naturalist John Burroughs, death of English man of letters
Austin Dobson, death of British socialist reformer Henry M Hyndman, death of
Russian anarchist and social philosopher Prince Peter Kropotkin, death of
Swedish coloratura soprano Christine Nilsson, Start of deadliest drought killing 5
million by 1922 Start of Ukraine and Volga famine, Langston Hughes first
publishes poetry, death of Adolph von Hildebrand the German sculptor,
Hyperinflation in Germany, death of German composer Engelbert Humperdinck,
Guccio Gucci and wife opens store in France, death of German author Lidwig
Thoma, death of Enrico Caruso the Italian opera singer, death of Peter I, Film:
Nosferatu debuts, death of German statesman Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg,
First Indian Parliament meets, Paris Conference of Allies fixes German reparation
payments, Winston S Churchill becomes Colonial Secretary, Reza Khan carries
out coup in Tehran, Warren G Harding inaugurated, Eduardo Data Spanish Prime
Minister assassinated, Anglo-Soviet trade agreement, Upper Silesian plebiscite –
63% vote for incorporation of Germany, Ex-Emperor Charles’s first coup to
regain throne of Hungary fails, Reparation Commission fixes Germany’s liability
at over 33 billion, Capital punishment abolished in Sweden, British Legion
founded, Walter Rathenau appointed German Minister for Reconstruction,
Hitler’s storm troopers (SA) begin to terrorize political opponents, London
Imperial Conference, Faisal I becomes King of Iraq, German finance minister
Matthias Erzberger assassinated, Revolution in Lisbon – Antonio Machado Santos
founder of the republic murdered, Ex-Emperor Charles fails in second attempt to
regain throne of Hungary, Takashi Hara Premier of Japan assassinated,
Washington Conference on disarmament, Japanese Crown Prince Hirohito named
prince regent and father retires from mental illness, Rapid fall of Deutschmark –
inflation rampant in Germany, Britain and Ireland sign peace treaty, Mackenzie
King elected Prime Minister of Canada, Lord Reading appointed Viceroy of
India succeeding Lord Chelmsford, Eduard Benes elected Prime Minister of
Czechoslovakia, Nobel Peace Prize to Hjalmar Brantig and Christian Lange,
Prince Philip zu Eulenburg-Hertefeld (Wilhelm II’s friend and advisor) dies,
Philander C Knox American politician dies, King Peter I of Serbia dies, HM
Hyndman the English socialist politician dies, James Cardinal Gibbonsthe
American prelate dies, death of Scittish statesman AH Bruce the 6th Baron
Balfour of Burleigh, death of British Quartermaster-General of WWI army John S
Cowans, death of 1st Earl of Halsbury HS Giffard the British statesman, Charles
Evans Hughes named US Secretary of State, Andrew Mellon named Secretary of
the Treasury, Former President Taft named Chief Justice of Supreme Court, death
of Pennsylvania senator and political boss Boies Penrose, President Harding
commutes Eugene Debs’ 10-year sentence, WRITERS: Sherwood Anderson,
Johan Bojer, Karel and Josef Capek, Marc Connelly and George S Kaufman,
Grazia Deledda, John Dos Passos, John Galsworthy, Jugo von Hofmannsthal,
Aldous Huxley, DH Lawrence, Gabriel Marcel, W Somerset Maugham, George
Moore, Eugene O’Neill, Luigi Pirandello, Ezra Pound, Jean Sarment, Bernard
Shaw, Lytton Strachey, Virginia Woolf, William Archer, Walater de la Mare,
Arthur Waley, Ed Wynn, Bestseller: Scaramouche by Rafael Sabatini, Charles
Baudouin, James Bryce, JME McTaggart, Maurice Maeterlinck, Gilbert Murray,
Hermann Rorschach, Bertrand Russell, Albert Schweitzer, E Stern Rubarth,
Joseph Weissenbert, Ludwig Wittgenstein, deaths of Auston Dobson (ENG),
Friedrich Durrenmatt (SWI), Ivan Vazov (BUL), JG Huneker (USA), VG
Korolenko (RUS), Emilia Pardo Bezan (ESP), Edgar Saltus (USA), Harriet E
Spofford (USA), Sir John Hare (ENG), Prince Peter Kropotkin (RUS scientist and
anarchist), John Burroughs (American Naturalist), Max Verworn (GER
physiologist), Barrett Wendell (Harvard educator), William Warde Fowler (Eng
historian), ART: Georges Braque, Carlo Carra, Max Ernst, Klee, Oskar
Kokoschka, Fernand Leger, Frans Masereel, Munch (The Kiss), Picasso (Three
Musicians), Duke of Westminster sells Gainsborough’s “Blue Boy” and
Reynold’s “Portrait of Mrs. Siddons” for 200k pounds, death of English film
pioneer William Friese-Greene, death of German sculpton Adolf von Hildebrand,
death of Austrian painter Franz Defregger, MUSIC: Irving Berlin, Paul
Hindermith, Arthur Honegger, Leos Janacek, Eduard Kunnecke, Hans Pfitzner,
Prokofiev, Sigmund Romberg, Stravinsky, death of Italian tenor Enrico Caruso,
British Musicians’ Union founded in London, death of French composer Camille
Saint-Saens, remodeled Teatro alla Scala opens under the leadership of Arturo
Toscanini, death of Swedish soprano Christine Nilsson, English concert tenor
Gervase Elwes accidentally killed, “Die Walkure” becomes first Wagnerian
opera to be staged at Paris Opera since before WWI, death of French composer
Deodat de Severac, Festival of Contemporary Music at Donaueschingen, Nobel
Prize for literature Anatole France, Gayety theater in Manchester closes due to
lack of support for repertory art, “Der Querschnitt” (The Crosscut) German
intellectual periodical appears, MUSIC: first of Irving Berlin’s music reviews,
Paul Hindermith, Arthur Honegger, Leos Janacek, Eduard Kunnecke, Hans
Pfitzner, Prokofiev, Sigmund Romberg, Stravinsky, death of Enrico Caruso
Italian tenor, SCIENCE: Friedrich bergius hydrogenates coal into oil, JN Bronsted
and G von Hevesy successfully separate isotopes, Albert Calmette and Camille
Guerin develop the BCG tuberculosis vaccine, Chromosome theory of Heredity
postulated by American biologist Thomas Hunt Morgan, Edgar Dacque initiates
phylogenetically oriented paleontology, Friedrich Dessauer advocates mediumvoltage x-ray therapy, Nobel Prize for Physics – Albert Einstein for
photoelectricity, N side of Mt. Everest explored by British, death of Scottish
Arctic explorer William Speirs Bruce, death of Scottish inventor of pneumatic
rubber tire John Dunlop, Germanin for treatment of sleeping sickness discovered,
Felix d’Herelle discovers bacteriophages, National Institute for Industrial
Psychology founded in London, Ernst Kretschmer writes about “Physique and
Character” US chemist Irving Langmuir formulates theories of atomic structure
and absorption, Hermann J Oberth a founder of modern astronautice writes
dissertation “The Rocket into Interplanetary Space”, Rutherford and Chadwick
disintegrate all elements except oxygen carbon lithium and beryllium, Indian
physicist Meghmed N Saha develops thermal ionization equation as it applies to
interpretation of stellar spectra, Nobel Prize for Chemistry – Frederick Soddy for
his studies of isotopes in nature, Otto Stern and W Gerlach show that a beam of
atomic silver is split into two distinct beams on passing through nonhomogenous
magnetic field, death of Nicolai E Zhukovski regarding aerodynamics, Australia
wins the Ashes (cricket), First radio broadcast of a baseball game in NY, Swiss
physician MO Bircher-Benner recommends more raw foods, BBC founded,
Cuban Chess player Capablanca wins title from Lasker who held title since 1894,
Country estate of Chequers presented to Great Britain by Lord Lee – becomes
official country residence of the prime minister, Old game of table tennis revived,
Radio station KDKA in Pittsburgh becomes first regular broadcasting, death of
Sir Ernest Cassel the Anglo-German financier and philanthropist, Sacco and
Vanzetti found guilty of murder, Populations: USSR 136m, US 107m, Japan 78m,
Germany 60m, Britain 42.5m, unknown soldier interred at Arlington, Ku Klux
Klan activities become violent in South, Jack Dempsey defeates Georges
Carpentier in knockout, first sports play-by-play, popular musicians: Marion
Harris, Van &zmp; Schneck (Ain’t We Got Fun?) Fanny Brice (Second Hand
Rose), Paul Whiteman, Al Jolson, Federal troops drop bombs on WV miners
insurrection at Blair Mountain – Union broken, South Africa reopens for
missionary work, Samoans given interpretation of tongues to hear Elder McKay,
Harappa city ruins discovered in upper Indus valley (Pakistan), Irish Free State
established – IRA continues opposition, Greece attacks Turkey but is later
defeated, Turkish nationalist government, Treaty of Riga ends Russo-Polish War,
Mutiny of Russian sailors in Finland put down, Washington Conference discusses
naval armaments in Pacific
1922 Bad year for tornadoes in US, Drought at horn of AFR, End of presidency of
Hipolito Irigoyen in Argentina, Egypt becomes independent from Britain under
King Fuad, Irish free state founded, Mussolini becomes prime minister, First
portable radio and first car radio in US, Irish Free State founded, Drought in
Volga region of Russia, Louis Armstrong leaves New Orleans * Tafts spend
evening with Saints, Reed Smoot brings Elder George Albert Smith to meet the
president, Truman elected judge of Jackson County MO, befriended by mission
president Samuel O. Bennion, Annie Oakley age 62 performs for last time – her
husband had been her assistant the whole time – injured in car accident later that
year, death of English baritone Sir Charles Santley, UT – silent movie “The
Covered Wagon” filmed in Garrison UT, Actress Marie Windsor born in
Marysville, death of American preacher Lyman Abbott, death of British historian
and diplomat Viscount Bryce, death of American department store innovator John
Wanamaker, death of English chocolate manufacturer and social reformer George
Cadbury, death of English poet and traveler Wilfred S Blunt, death of Italian
novelist Giovanni Verga, death of English writer and naturalist WH Hudson,
death of Spanish composer and musicologist Felipe Pedrell, death of French
historian Ernest Lavisse, Cal quake 7.3, Chile/Argentina border quake 8.5, End
Ukraine and Volga famine killing 5 million, Howard Carter discovers tomb of
Tutankhamen, Frederick Banting and Charles Best treat diabetes with insulin,
First dinosaur eggs discovered, Japan launches Hosho the aircraft carrier, Pope
Pius XI orders Italian clergy not to become part of the Partito Popolare – enables
Mussolini, death of 1907 Nobel Prize winner for medicine French physician
Charles Laveran, death of Scottish born American inventor Alexander Graham
Bell, death of English cartoonist Leslie Ward “Spy”, French writer Marcel Proust
dies, Mussolini comes to power in Italy, first technicolor film (Germany), Elliot's
"The Waste land", Joyce's "Ulysses", death of Japanese poet and translator of
Faust Mori Ogai, German statesman Walther Rathenau assassinated, death of
English music-hall star Marie Lloyd, death of French novelist Marcel Proust,
death of British explorer Ernest Shackleton, Ramond Poincare succeeds Aaristide
Briand as Prime Minister of France, Walter Rathenau named German Foreign
Minister, Cardinal Achille Ratti elected Pope Pius XI to succeed Pope Benedict
XV, US Japanese naval agreement signed, Britain recognizes Kingdom of Egypt
under Fuad I, Gandhi sentenced ti sux years imprisonment for civil disobedience,
death of Ex-Emperor Charles of Austria, Conference of Genoa, Treaty of Rapallo
sogned between Germany and USSR, Germany cedes upper Silesia to Poland,
Ignaz Seipel named Federal Chancellor of Austria, Walter Rathenau assassinated
by German fanatics, Leafue of Nations council approves mandates for Palestine
and Egypt, Arab Congress at Nablus rejects British mandate for Palestine,
Protectionist tariff established in the US, King Constantine of Greece abdicated –
George II succeeds him until 1924 and again from 1935-47, Geneva Protocol –
Austria denounces Anschluss, Unemployed Glasgow workers undertake hunger
march to London, A Bonar Law (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister of
Britain – succeeds David Lloyd George (Liberal), Friedrich Ebert reelected
German president, Mussolini’s March on Rome, Mussolini forms Fascist
government, Mustapha Kernal proclaims Turkey a republic, US Congressional
election reduces Republican majority, Wilhelm Cuno named German chancellor,
President Pilsudski of Poland resigns, Irish Free State officially proclaimed,
Soviet states form USSR, Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear named President of the
Argentine, Nobel Peace Prize Fridjof Nansen, Erskine Childers the Irish politician
and writer executed, death of Boer general and politician Christiaan De Wet, Sir
Henry Wilson the British field marshal and politician assassinated, WRITERS: JJ
Bernard, Bertolt Brecht, John Buchan, Willa Cather, TS Eliot, F Scott Fitzgerald,
John Galsworthy, Roger Martin du Gard, Maxim Gorki, Herman Hesse
(Siddhartha), Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Johannes V Jensen, James Joyce (Ulysses
published in Paris – 500 copies burned), SH Lawrence, Sinclair Lewis, Katherine
Mansfield, Victor Margueritte, Francois Mauriac, Andre Maurois, AA Milne,
Anne Nichols, Eugene O’Neill, Luigi Pirandello, RM Rilke, Edward Arlington
Robinson, Romain Rolland, Booth Tarkington, Eugene Vakhtangov (Habima
production), Paul Valery, Hugh Walpole, Rebecca West, Virginia Woolf, Stefan
Zweig, Maurice Baring, James Elroy Flecker, David Garnett, AE Housman,
Eugene O’Neill, Edith Sitwell, DIedrich Bischoff, Rudolf Carnap, John Dewey,
Etienne Gilson, Herbert Hoover, CE Montague, Ferdinand Tonnies, Max Weber,
DEATHS: French dramatist Henri Bataille, Mori Ogai (creator of modern
Japanese literature), Marcel Proust, Wilfred Scawen Blunt, James Viscount Bryce
(British scholar), AV Dicey (English jurist), English astronomer Sir William
Christie, death of English classical scholar Sir John Edwin Sandys, Nouvelles
litteraires founded in Paris, P.E.N. club founded in London, Stanislavsky goes on
a tour of Europe with Moscow Arts Theater, TS Eliot founds literary journal, Mr.
and Mrs. Dewitt Wallace found “Reader’s Digest”, Lord Carnarvon and Howard
Carter discover tomb of Tutankhamen, ART: Max Beckmann, Max Beerbohm,
Clive Bell, Paul Klee, David Low (political cartoons), John Marin, Joan Miro,
PW Steer, Marc Chagall leaves Russia for Paris, LCC County Hall in London
completed, Films: “Dr. Mabuse the Gambler” “The Loves of Pharaoh”
“Grandma’s Boy” “Nosferaty” “Nanook of the North”, “The Orphans of the
Storm”, “Last of the Mohicans” “Glorius Adventure”, Robert Delaunay paints
celebrated portraits, Vassily Kandinsky elected professor at Bauhaus, Andre
Masson experiments with cubism, death of English cartoonist Sir Leslie Ward,
MUSIC: Arnold Bax, Irving Berlin, Carl Nielsen, Ottorino Respighi, Igor
Stravinsky, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Arthur Bliss, Paul Hindemith, death of
Hungarian conductor Arthur Nikisch, Louis Armstrong arrives in Chicago from
New Orleans, International Society for Contemporary Music formed in Vienna,
death of Spanish composer Felipe Pederell, deaths of Rutland Barrington (ENG),
Lillian Russell (USA), Luigi Denza (ITA), Benedictines of Solesmes (Gregorian
chants) return to their abbey, death of English baritone Sir Charles Santley,
SCIENCE: Aniakchak volcano discovered on Alaskan coast, Nobel Prize for
chemistry Francis Aston with mass spectrography, death of Alexander Graham
Bell, PMS Blackett experiments with transmutation of elements, Nobel Prize for
chemistry Niels Bohr, WW BOclentz obtains accurate measurements of relative
therman intensities of star images, English Massolle and Vogt develop a sound
film system “Tri-Ergon” but are not able to carry it through, Evans and Bishop
discover antisterility Vitamin E, Henry Ford writes, John Harwood invents selfwinding wristwatch, death of English explorer John Moresby in Australia, Czech
chemist Jaroslav Hegrovsky investigates electrode potential of aluminum, Nobel
Prize for medicine AV Hill and O Meyerhof for physiochemical muscle exams,
death of English naturalist WH Hudson, Insulin first administered to diabetics,
death of French physician Alphonse Laveran, American zoologist TH Morgan
experiments with heredity in fruit flies, death of British pioneer in malaria Sir
Patrick Manson, Dr. Alexis Carrel discovers white corpuscles, death of Ernest
Shackleton the English Antarctic explorer, the Austin Seven popularizes motoring,
BBC 2LO begins broadcast, Stockmarket “boom” starts in America, American
cocktail becomes popular in Europe, International Union for Cultural Cooperation
founded in Vienna, Remarkable gliding flights accomplished in Germany (3
hours),New Ku Klux Klan gains political power in US, death of English singer
Marie Lloyd, Mercedes-Daimler cars dominate racing, Nansen Passports used as
travel documents for stteless persons, Emily Post publishes “Etiquette”, death of
George Cadbury the English chocolate manufacturer and social reformer, Federal
narcotics Control Board established by President Harding, Lord Rothermere in
London inherits “Daily Mail”, Hannes Schneider the Austrian skiing champion
opens school, Victor Silvester becomes world dancing champion, Dr. Marie
Stopes holds meeting in Queen’s Hall London advocating birth control, King
George V opens new tennis stadium at Wimbledon, “Classic Style” prevails in
women’s fashions, Governor of Georgia appoints first woman as US senator –
one-day term, Rose Bowl ends in scoreless tie, Popular artists: Al Jolson, Fanny
Brice, Lambert Murphy (I Dream of Jeannie With The Light Brown Hair), Paul
Whiteman, Carl Fenton, Primary Children’s Hospital founded, Mustafa Kemal
abolishes sultanate in Turkey and declares Republic and named Ataturk, Egypt
becomes independent, Fascistss march on Rome – King Victor Emmanuel III
invited Benito Mussolini to be prime minister, Egypt declared independent from
British and French, Pius XI Pope to 1939, USSR established, Sultan of Turkey
deposed by Mustafa Kemal, Polish immigrant Leo Gerstenrang starts
manufacturing Q-tips (originally called Baby Gays)
1923 Kanto Japan quake leads to 1927 economic slump, Ethiopia admitted to League of
Nations, Mustafa Kemal becomes president of Turkey, Dictatorship of Primo de
Rivera in Spain, Fire in Berkeley CA, Earthquake and fires in Tokyo with tsunami
killing 143 k, Hardings visit Utah - months later dies of heart attack in San
Francisco, Grants prays for Coolidge in general conference, CA quake 7.2,
possible tsunami in NY, Kamchatka quake 8.5 (Russia Aleutians), Bessie Smith
records “Down Hearted Blues” which sells 800,000 copies, Juean de la Cierva
flies his autogiro,
Mar - F5 tornado hits Pinson, TN, death of English jurist
Frederic Harrison, death of Dutch physicist and Nobel prize winner (1910)
Johannes Diderik van der Waals, death of Scottish chemist Sir James Dewar,
death of French actress Sarah Bernhardt, Germs causing tooth decay identified,
Vladimir Zworykin invents electronic camera tube, Electrolux produces first
electronic refrigerators, Vatican Secretary of State supports Mussolini’s
dissolution of Partito Popolare, death of German caricaturist Adolf Oberlander,
death of French novelist Pierre Loti, Yeats wins Nobel prize in literature, Andrew
Bonar Law the British statesman dies, US Attorney General legalizes women
wearing pants anywhere, Coco Chanel launches Chanel No. 5 perfume, Barney’s
clothing store opens as Barney Pressman pawns wife’s ring, death of French
author Maurice Barres, death of Warren G Harding, death of New Zealand-born
British author Katherine Mansfield, Alexander I succeeds his father Peter I as
King of Yugoslavia, Centers of Tokyo and Yokohama destroyed by earthquake –
120k dead, Miguel Primo de Rivera assumes dictatorship in Spain, death of
English liberal statesman Lord John Morley, Germany abandons passive
resistance, Teapot Dome oil scansal hearings in Washington DC, Abyssinia
admitted to League of Nations, German mark drops in value to 1 dollar is 4
million marks, Ankara replaces Istanbul as capital of Turkey, A Bonar Law first
British Prime Minister of Canadian origin dies, Hitler’s coup in Munich fails
(Beer Hall Putsch), Wilhelm Marx succeeds Stresemann as German chancellor,
King George II deposed by Greek Army, Count Richard N Condenhove-Kalergi
founds Pan-Europa movement, Crown Prince William returns to Germany from
exile in the Netherlands, Chaim Weizmann names President of Zionist World
Organization, death of Stojan Protic first prime minister of Yugoslavia, death of
Alexander Stambolisky Premier of Bulgaria, death of Yakub Khan Amir of
Afghanistan, death of US naval officer Charles D Sigsbee, death of Mexican
national hero Pancho Villa, death of French statesman Theophile Delcasse, Tristate conclave of Ku Klux Klan held in Kokomo IN with 200k members, US
Senate recalls forces from Rhineland, Germany declares policy of passive
resistance, death of Jewish writer and Zionist politician Max Nordau, French
army occupies Darmstadt Karlsruhe and Mannheim, British Prime Minister Bonar
Law resigns and Stanley Baldwin forms new government with Neville
Chamberlain as Chancellor of the Exchequer, Transjordan becomes independent
under Amir Abdullah, New York Prohibition Enforcement Act repealed by
Governor Alfred E Smith, London dock strike, Non-Fascist parties dissolve in
Italy, Ahmed Zogu emerges as Albania’s leader, death of WG Harding Veep
Calvin Coolidge presides, Gustav Stresemann elected German Chancellor,
Mustapha Kemal elected President of Turkey, Martial law established in OK to
protect people from attacks by the KKK, WRITERS: Francois Mauriac, Edna St.
Vincent Millay, Ferenc Molnar, Elmer Rice, Jules Romains, Felis Salten (Bambi),
Dorothy L Sayers, Italo Suevo, Felix Timmermans, Sutton Vane, Franz Werfel,
PG Wodehouse, e.e. cummings, Vincent Youmans, Kate Douglas Wiggin, Martin
Buber, Sigmund Freud (Ego and Id), Salvador de Madariaga, Alfred Marshall,
Fritz Mauthner, Philip Barry, Arnold Bennett, Karel Capek, Willa Cather, Agatha
Christie, Colette, Joseph Conrad, Owen Davis, Olav Duun, Robert Frost, Knut
Hamsun, Fannie Hurst, SH Lawrence, Jose Ortega y Gasset, Romain Rolland,
Albert Schweitzer, Nathan Soderblom, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, DEATHS:
Louis Couperus (DUT), Charles Hawes (USA), Maurice Hewlett (ENG),
Emerson Hough (USA), Raymond Radiguet (FRA), Iwan Gilkin (BEL), Morris
Rosenfeld (RUS-USA), Kate Douglas Wiggin (USA), Maurice Barres (FRA),
Sarah Bernhardt (FRA), Charles Hawtrey (ENG), Pierre Loti (FRA), Katherine
Mansfield (ENG), Ernst Troeltsch (GER), Bernard Bosanquet (ENG), Ooscar
Browning (ENG), Frederic Harrison (ENG), William Roscoe Thayer (USA),
Nobel prize for literature: William Butler Yeats, Book of Cambridge Ancient
History begins to appear, Lutheran World Congress convenes in Germany, ART:
Max Beckmann, Marc Chagall, Raoul Dufy, Raymond Hood (Chicago Tribune
building), Augustus John, Vassily Kandinsky, Paul Nash, Pablo Picasso, Stanley
Spencer, Maurice Utrillo, Maurice de Vlaminck, Le Corbusier, DEATHS:
Josquin Sorella Bastida (ESP), End of Dada movement, Films –“Fridericus Rex”,
“Robin Hood” (Douglas Fairbanks) “Why Worry” “The Pilgrim” (Chaplin), “Don
Juan and Faust”, “Gosta Berling”, Royal Fine Arts Comission formed in Britain,
MUSIC: Bartok, Ernest Bloch, Leo Fall, Manuel de Falla, George Gershwin
(Rhapsody in Blue), Jean Gilbert, Gustav Holst, Honegger, Ernst Krenek, Francis
Poulenc, Baurice Ravel, Ottorino Respighi, EN von Reznicek, Albert Roussel,
Othmar Schoeck, Jean Sibelius, Igor Stravinsky, Diegfried Wagner, Vincent
Youmans, Paul Hindemith, “Bix” Beiderbecke organizes jazz band in Chicago,
Joseph “King” Oliver and “Jelly Roll” Morton record New Orleans –style jazz,
Robert Mayer founds Children’s Concerts in London, Popular Songs: “Yes, We
Have No Bananas” “Tea for Two”, “Barney Google”, “I want to be Happy”
(Form No No Nanette) “Just A Kiss in the Dark”, SCIENCE: EN da C Andrade
writes about the atom, LA Bauer analyzes earth’s magnetic field, Theory of acids
and bases postulated by Bronsted, Spanish inventor Juan de la CIerva develops
principle of the autogiro (helicopter forerunner), US physicist AH Compton
discovers that x-rays change wavelengths when scattered, Emile Coue arrives in
America for speaking tour, Dutch physicist PJW Debye discusses crystallization
and ionization, Lee de Forest demonstrates process for sound motion pictures,
Gustave Eiffel dies (FRA), Hevesy and Coster discover hafnium, US astronomer
Edwin P Hubble discovers variable star in Andromeda nebula, British scientist
Frederick Lindemann Lord Cherwell investigates meteor sizes and upper
atmosphere, Nobel Prize for Physics RA Millikan for work with charge and
photoelectricity, USSR establishes its first polar station, Nobel Prize for chemistry
Fritz Pregl (AUS) for microanalysis of organics, death of Wilhelm Conrad
Rontgen (GER), Ross Institute of Tropical Medicine in London founded, Swedish
chemist Theodor Svedberg develops ultracentrifuge, John B Tytus invents new
method of rolling steel, death of Dutch physicist J Diderik van der Waals, death of
5th Earl of Carnarvon (discoverer of Tutenkhamen’s tomb) age 63, death of
Scottish chemist and physicist Sir James Dewar, death of American electrical
engineer Charles P Steinmetz, Aeroflot founded in USSR, First birth-control
clinic opens in New York, death of English music hall star Albert Chevalier, First
English F.A. Cup Final played at Wembley Stadium, Gregorian Calendar
introduced into USSR, John Maynard Keynes writes about monetary reform,
German aircraft designer Willy Messerschmitt establishes his aircraft factory,
Henry Morgenthau writes autobiography, Mother’s Day celebrated in Europe, NV
and MT introduce old-age pensions, Paavo Nurmi runs a 4-minute mile, + 10
seconds, “London Radio Times” appears, Briton Hadden and Henry R Luce found
“Time” magazine, First crossing of Channel from France to England by swimmer
Enrique Tiriboschi (Argentina), death of English physician and founder of Red
Cross Society Sir Frederick Treves, Colonel Jacob Schick patents electric razor,
Russian immigrant Vladimir Kosma Zworykin patents first television
transmission tube – color tube in 1925, Paul Whiteman, Al Jolson, Bill Murray
&amp; Ed Smalle, Marion Harris, Pancho Villa killed in MEX, Bull market
begins on Wall Street, President Heber J Grant commemorates 100th anniversary
of Moroni’s visit, Tokyo Earthquake, Los Angeles Stake organized as first out of
Utah, Cardston temple opens, Kemal Ataturk becomes first president of Turkish
Republic, Interpol founded, Italy becomes fascist state, French and Belgian troops
occupy Ruhr district in W Germany after reparations are not paid, virtual
dictatorship in Spain under General Primo de Rivera to 1930, Mussolini creates
Fascist state in Italy, Hitler attempts to overthrow Bavarian government but is
imprisoned, Treaty of Lausanne between Greece and Turkey – Turkey proclaimed
republic under president Mustafa Kemal
1924 Chinese nationalist party Kuomintang holds first national conference, First British
Labour Party victory, death of Vladimir Lenin, Florence SC tornadoes, Hitler
imprisoned for sedition against Weimar republic, UT mine disaster, Aug - 96
degree water temp measured in Persian Gulf, Dec - Temps fall 79 degrees in 24
hours (88 in 34 hours) from 63 to -25, The Gershwin brothers begin composing,
U.S. withdraws from Dominican Republic but remains as protector, UT – Mine
explosion kills 173 at Castle Gate, death of German physiologist Viktor Hensen,
death of Scottish geologist Sir Archibald Geikie, death of French composer and
organist Theodore Dubois, death of German landscape painter Hans Thoma, death
of Danish botanist Johann Sugenius Bulow Warming, death of English economist
Alfred Marshall, death of Teofilo Braga the first interim president of Portugal –
also poet and scholar, death of Anatole France the French novelist, death of US
psychologist G Stanley Hall, possible tsunami in New York, U.S. Immigration
Act restricts Africans entering the country, stars discovered beyond Milky Way,
Louis de Broglie proposes matter is both wave and particle, John Logie Baird
builds working television, Earle Dickson invents Band-Aid, Ernst Alexanderson
transmits first facsimile message across Atlantic, Gershwin premiers Rhapsody in
Blue, Vatican orders priests to resign from Partito Popolare, death of French
composer Gabriel Faure, death of 1919 Nobel Prize winner and Swiss author Carl
Spitteler, Stalin comes to Power, Breton publishes Surrealist manifesto in France,
death of Irish composer and conductor Sir Charles Villiers Stanford, death of
English novelist Marie Corelli (Mary Mackay), death of US President Woodrow
Wilson, death of Anglo-Polish novelist Joseph Conrad (Korzeniowski), death of
Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini, death of Italian actress Elonora Duse,
death of Italian pianist and composer Ferruccio Busoni, death of Russian
Communist leader Nikolai Lenin, death of Austrian novelist Franz Kafka,
Venizelos becomes Prime Minister of Greece, death of Lenin founder of USSR,
Stanley Baldwin resigns and Ramsay macDonald forms Labour government in
Britain, Britain recognizes USSR, death of #28 Woodrow Wilson, Edwin Denby
US Navy Secretary forced to redign because of Teapot Dome oil leases, Ahmed
Shah of Persia dethroned and Reza Khan appointed regent, Greece proclaimed
republic, Hitler sentenced to five years imprisonment – released after 8 months,
First elections in Italy under Fascist methods – 65% go for Mussolini, PanAmerican Treaty sogned to prevent conflicts between nations, US bill limits
immigrants – excludes all Japanese, Attempt on the life of Austrian Chancellor
Ignaz Seipel, Giacomo Matteotti leater of Italian socialists murdered by Fascist
Quadristi, Republican convention in Cleveland – Coolidge nominated with
Charles Dawes for vice presidency, Gaston Doumerque elected President of
France – Edouard Herriot becomes premier, Democrats nominate JW Davis with
WJ Bryan for vice presidency, JBM Herzog wht S African Anti-british statesman
becomes Prime Minister of the Union, London Conference approves Dawes
Report which removes German reparations from sphere of political controversy,
New reichsmark introduced, London Foreign Office publishes Zinoviev letter
where the Third International allegedly instructs Britons to incite revolution,
Coolidge elected, Stanley Baldwin elected British Prime Minister – Winston
Churchill switches to conservatives and is named Chancellor of the Exchequer,
Albanian Republic founded, Stalin Zinoviev and Kamenev ally against Trotsky,
death of American legislator Henry Cabot Lodge, death of Japanese Statesman
Mar uis Matsukata, death of French field marshal in WWI Robert Nivelle, J
Edgar Hoover apponted Bureau of Investigation (renamed FBI in 1935),
WRITERS: Maxwell Anderson and Laurence Stallings, Michael Arlen, Marc
Connelly and George S Kaufman, Noel Coward, Svend Fleuron, EM Forster
(Passage to India), Irving Babbitt, Karl Barth, Robert Frost, John Galsworthy,
Andre Gide, Sidney Howard, Georg Kaiser, Margaret Kennedy, EE Kisch,
Klabund, Ring Lardner, Thomas Mann, EFT Marinetti, John Masefield, George
Jean Nathan founds “The American Mercury”, Sean O’Casey, Eugene O’Neill,
Paul Raynal, Arthur Schnitzler, Alexander Serafimovic, Bernard Shaw, KS
Stanidlavsky, Mark Twain (posthumously), Paul Valery, Mary Webb, Franz
Werfel, Bestseller is PG WOdehouse’s “Jeeves”, JR Commons, Sigmund Freud,
Ellen Key, Albert Schweitzer, DEATHS: Joseph Conrad (ENG-POL), Marie
Corelli (ENG), Eleonora Duse (ITA), Anatole France (FRA), FH Bradley (ENG),
Frank Kafka (GER), Sabine Baring-Gould (Onward Christian Soldiers
writer)(ENG), John R Coryell (USA), Valery Bryusov (RUS), Carl Spitteler
(SWI), Francies Hodgson Burnett (ENG-USA)(Little Lord Fauntleroy), death of
philosopher ALois Riehl (AUS), Maffeo Pantaleoni (ITA), Basil L Gildersleeve
(USA), Ancient Monuments Society founded in London, English orientalist EAW
Budge edits works of Baraalam and Yearsef, Max Reinhardt opens theater in
Vienna, Tsukiji Little Theater opens in Tokyo, Gandhi fasts for 21 days, ART:
Georges Brawue, Marc Chagall, Gwen John, OSkar Kokoschka, Edwin Lutyens
(architecture), Wilhelm-Marx Haus built as one of German skyscrapers, Joan
Miro, Pablo Picasso (abstract period), Lewis Mumford (social history of
architecture), Die Blauen VIer (Blue Four) expressionist painters include
Feininger Jawlensky Kandinsky and Klee, Italian painter Girogio de Chirico
arrives in Paris, Jean Gris lectures at the Sorbonne, Death of Leon Bakst (RUS
painter), Emile Claus (Flem painter), Maurice Prendergast, Lousi Sullivan, Films:
“The Last Laugh” “The Nibelungs””America””The Ten Commandments” (Cecil
B De Mille), “The Thief of Bagdad” (D Fairbanks), “Nana” “The City that Never
Sleeps” “The Navigator” (Buster Keaton), “Entracte” “Le Ballet Mechanique”,
MUSIC: Paul Bekker, Alban Berg, Rudolf Friml, George Gershwin, Leos Janacek,
Emmerich Kalman, Ottorino Respighi, Sigmund Romberg, Arnold Schonberg,
Jean Sibelius, Richard Strauss, Igor Stravinsky, Deaths: Ferruccio Busoni (ITA),
Gabriel Faure (FRA), Victor Herbert (IRE-USA), Giacomo Puccini (ITA), Sir
Charles V Stanford (IRE), Sergei Koussevitzky appointed chief conductor of
Boston Symphony Orchestra, SCIENCE: RC Andrews discovers Mesozoic
dinosaur skeletons in Gobi Desert, English physicist EV Appleton demonstrates
that short wave radio waves penetrate more, Bailey Moresehead and Ward find
source of Brahmaputra-Tsangpo River in Tibet, French physicist Louice Prince de
Broglie publishes regarding wave theory, Henry Draper Catalogue (225k stars)
published by Harvard, German airship pioneer Hugo Eckener flies across Atlantic,
English astronomer Arthur Eddington discovers luminosity related to mass of
stars, Nobel Prize for Medicine Willem Einthoven for work in
electrocardiography, German engineer Anton Flettner constructs 3-masted
schooner, death of US psychologist Granville S Hall, Karl Haushofer writes about
geopolitics of the Pacific, Patent application for iconoscope (TV) filed by
Russian-American VK Zworikin, Insecticides first used, WP Koppen and A
Wegener writes about early climated, death of English economist Alfred Marshall,
death of American engineer (Holand Tunnel) Clifford Holland, World Power
Conference held in London, Danish polar explorer Knud Rasmussen completed
longest dog-sledge journey up to Point Barrow AK, Central Office for
Examination of Rocket Problems founded in Moscow, Nobel Prize for Physics
Kark MG Siegbahn for work in x-ray spectroscopy, death of Scottish geologist Sir
Archibald Geikie, death of German-American physiologist Jacques Loeb, death of
German physicist georg H Quincke, death of German anatomist Wilhelm Roux,
death of Danish botanist Eugen Warming, death of English physiologist Sir
William Bayliss, British Imperial Airways begins operations, World Chess
League founded at the Hague, 10th million car produced by Ford Co. Auguste
Forel publishes “Why we should avoid alcohol”, German mass murderer Fritz
Haarmann (26 victims) sentenced to death by decapitation, Mah-Jong craze
worldwide, first winter Olympics at Chamonix, death of Samuel Gompers
president of AFL, Notre Dame under coaching of Knute Rockne, Nathan Leopold
and Richard Loeb sentenced to life imprisonment for kidnap-slaying of 17-yearold Bobby Franks,Will Rogers at height of career, 25 million radios in US,
Popular musicians: Al Jolson (California Here I Come), Isham Jones (It Had to be
You), Gershwin (Rhapsody in Blue), Ernest Hare &amp Billy Jones, Vernon
Dalhart, Disbanding of International Workers of the World, Haldane publishes
papers connecting genetic variation and population changes, Japan mission closes
due to xenophobia and Japanese Exclusion Act which ousts foreigners, Mission
opens, KZN radio in UT changed to KSL, First round-the-world flight by US
Army planes, Stalin succeeds Lenin, Lehi Dairy Association formed with Elisha
Peck (Sr.?) as Vice President, New government in China under Sun Yat-sen,
Labour government in Britain, Dawes Plan settles reparation payments in
Germany, Italian socialist Giocomo Matteotti murdered by Fascists, Death of
Lenin – Stalin rules, Chinese govt at Canton under Sun Yat-sen has some
Communist members,
1925 Deadliest tornado storms hit MO IL IN (tri-state tornado) kills 689-695,
Galveston TX hurricane, End of struggle for power of Sun Yat-sen in China,
Mussolini changes from prime minister to dictator, Locarno Agreements between
major European powers for stability, End of presidency of Juan Bautista Saavedra
in Bolivia, Earthquake in China, Hitler released from prison, Coolidge and Smoot
go on a trip to Plymouth MA, Mar - Tri-state tornado hits MO IL and IN, 2 feet of
snow fall across North East, Rodgers and Hart begin to work together for
Broadway, death of German traveler in Africa and discoverer of pygmies George
A Schweinfurth, death of French astronomer Camille Flammarion, death of
English philosopher and psychologist James Ward, death of US novelist George
W Cable, quakes in CA MT and CAN over 6.3, Josephine Baker begins to
perform, Louis Armstrong begins work on Hot Five and Hot Seven recordings,
Scopes Money Trial between Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan, First
solo nonstop from Ny to Paris by Lindbergh, Kafka's "The Trial" published, death
of English novelist H Rider Haggard, death of German painter Lovis Corinth,
death of Rudolf Steiner founder of Anthroposophical society, death of 1924 Nobel
Prize winner and Polish novelist Wladislau Reymont, death of German Social
Democratic leader Friedrich Ebert, death of Mohammed Ali of Persia, Hollywood
releases Phantom of the Opera film, Christiana Norway renamed Oslo, Mrs.
Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming becomes first woman governor, FB Kellogg
appointed US Secretary of State, Hans Luther named German Chancellor, death
of German president Friedrich Ebert, death of Chinese statesman Sun Yat-sen,
death of British statesman Lord Curzon, Japan introduces general suffrage for
men, Paul Painleve elected Premier of France, Abd-el-Krim revolt begins in
morocco – Petain French Commander-in-Chief, Hindenburg elected President of
Germany, Cyprus becomes British Crown Colony, Coup in Athens – Theodore
Pangalos becomes premier, Unemployment Insurance Act enacted in Britain,
death of Indian nationalist leader Surendranath Banerjea, Norway annexes
Spitsbergen, Locarno Conference, Reza Khan ascends Persian throne, death of
Queen Alexandra of Britain, British troops evacuate Cologne, KJ Voroshilov
named Minister of War in USSR, Nobel Peace Prize for Austen Chamberlain
(ENG) and CG Dawes (USA), Hitler reorganizes Nazi party – publishes Mein
Kampf, British Dominions Office established, Dopolavore a Fascist recreation
organization introduced in Italy, death of Swedish Socialist leader Jhalmar
Branting, death of American Democrat William Jennings Bryan, death of Russian
revolutionary army commander Mikhail Frunze, death of French general Charles
Lanrezac, death of American army commander Nelson A Miles, death of
American politician Robert M La Follette, death of French statesman Rene
Viviani, death of Austrian field marshal Franz Conrad von Hotzendorf, death of
English colonial administrator Sir George Goldie, WRITERS: Johannah von
Ammers-Kuller, Ivan Bunin, Willa Cather, Noel Coward, e.e. cummings,
Warwick Deeping, Maurice Dekobra, John Dos Passos, Theodore Dreiser, Ashley
Dukes, John Erskine, Edna Ferber, F Scott Fitzgerald (The Great Gatsby), Fyodor
V Gladkov, Maxim Gorki, Ernest Hemingway, Aldous Huxley, Franz Kafka,
George Kelly, Selma Lagerlof, Sinclair Lewis (Arrowsmith), Emil Ludwig,
Heinrich Mann, Somerset Maugham, Alfred Neumann, Martha Ostenso, CF
Ramuz, EA Robinson, Gertrude Stein, Jules Supervielle, Lord Beaverbrook,
Hilaire Belloc, Etienne Gilson, Lord Grey, H Hardtman, Harold Laski, Alain
Locke, H de Man, Geza Roheim, DEATHS: H Rider Haggard (ENG), Teuvo
Pakaala (FIN), Wadislaw Reymont (POL), James Lane Allen (USA), George W
Cable (USA), Amy Lowell (USA), Edith M Thomas (USA), Rudolf Steiner,
James Ward (ENG), Sir Paul Vinogradoff (RUS), “The New Yorker” published,
Teatro d’Arte in Rome created, United Church of Canada founded, Hebrew U
founded in Jerusalem, London Bible Society distributes 10.5 million bibles in 566
languages, Lutheran World Conference held in Oslo, Jesuits number 18,718
members, Trinity College NC changes name to Duke U after $40 million grant,
ART: Marc Chagall, Lyonel Feininger, Duncan Grant, Oskar Kokoschka, Pablo
Picasso, George Rouault, DEATHS: Lovis Corinth (GER), Films “Battleship
Potemkin” “The Gold Rush” (Chaplin), “The Freshman”, “Lady Windermere’s
Fan” “The Big Parade” “The Joyless Street” (Garbo), “The Ghost of the Moulin
Rouge”, The Shaftesbury Memorial erected (by Alfred Gilbert) in London, Walter
Gropius moves the Bahaus to Dessau from Weimar, death of Anglo-American
painter John Singer Sargent, death of English sculptor Sir Hamo Thornycroft,
death of artist George Bellows, MUSIC: Arnold Bax, Alban Berg, Ferruccio
Busoni, Aaron Copland, Rudolf Friml, James Weldon Johnson (Book of
American Negro Spirituals), Franz Lehar, Dame Nellie Melba, Carl Nielsen,
Smitri Shostakovich, Death of Austrian composer Leo Fall, Chicago-style jazz
arrives in Europe, Moritz Moszkowski (GER-POL), Jean de Reszke (POL-FRA),
Erik Satie (FRA), first Guggenheim fellowship awarded to Aaron Copland,
Popular song: “Show Me the Way to Go Home”, SCIENCE: Scottish inventor
John Logie Baird transmits recognizable human features by television, German
chemist Carl Bosch invents process for preparing hydrogen, Explorers Lincoln
Ellsworth and Roald Amundsen reach latitude 87 degrees 44’in two amphibious
phases, Fischer and Tropsch synthesis leads to synthetic oil, Noble Prize for
Physics James Franck and Gustav Hertz for law of electron impact on an atom,
death of German mathematician Felix Klein, First Leica camera built by Oskar
Barnack, US physicist RA Millikan discovers cosmic rays in upper atmosphere,
Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli works to explain atomic structure statistically,
First International Congress of Radiologists held in London, Professor AO
Rankine predicts taking motion picures in near future, Walter and Ida Noddack
discover rhenium, Solar eclipse in New York, Theory of Uhlenbeck and
Goudsmit show how spinning electron accounts for Pauli formalism, Theory of
gene-centers postulated by Russian botanist NI Vavilov, death of English chemist
Sir Thomas Thorpe, French-Russian surgeon Serge Voronoff combines animal
and human experimentation, death of German bacteriologist August von
Wassermann, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Richard Zsigmondy for hetrogenous
nature of colloids, John T Scopes goes to trial for teaching evolution in TN –
defended by Clarence Darrow with William Jennings Bryan prosecuted –
convicted than acquitted on technicality, death of Walter Camp “Father of
Football”, Malcolm Campbell increases land speed record to 150.86 mph, The
Charleston becomes fashionable dance, Chrysler Corporation founded, Crossword
puzzles become fashionable, Female fashions include straight dresses with short
skirts and cloche hats, Fird Motor Company’s German subsidiary begins
operations, Madison Swuare Garden opened (new), International convention
inveighs against illegal narcotics trade, All-Amedrican teams begin in “Collier’s
Weekly”, Tennessee forbids teaching sex education, Harold S Vanderbilt devises
contract bridge, death of First Viscount Leverhulme the English soap
manufacturer, Alelxander Alekhine plays 28 simultaneous chess games while
blindfolded, radio’s “The Smith Family” introduces soap opera format, Ben
Bernie (Sweet Georgia Brown), Marion Harris (Tea for Two), Marian Anderson
(Nobody Knows the Trouble I’ve Seen), If You Knew Susie (Like I Know Susie),
Paul Whiteman (Charleston), Australopithecus described as missing link, Scopes
trial, Mission home in SLC opens, South America dedicated, Friedrich Ebert – a
socialist made President of Germany’s Weimar Republic, possible date of last
castrato performance, Locarno pact – great powers agree to put disputes to
arbitration, Uprising in Morocco to 1926 – Arab uprising led by Abd-el-Krim
crushed by France and Spain
1926 End of Taisho period in Japan, In Britain, John Logie Baird invents the television,
Panama and US agreement to protect Panama during wartime, Dover NJ lightning
storm, Miami FL cyclone, Cyclone hits Cuba, Landslide in Bosnia, Weakened
Annie Oakley dies at home – possibly lead poisoning – 18 days later her husband
dies of illness, Paris population reaches 2.8 million, Sep - Great Miami Hurricane
kills 243, Nov - F4 tornado in MD kills 14, Oscar Hammerstein II starts
composing, "Bojangles" appears on stage, death of American educator and
president of Harvard Charles W Eliot, death of American politician Joseph G.
Cannon, death of French painter Claude Monet, death of English born South
African statesman John X Merriman, death of English author CM Doughty, death
of American pioneer in Hawaii Sanford B Dole, death of 1906 Nobel Peace
recipient for medicine Camillo Golgi, tsunami hits Maine, two CA quakes over
6.0, US ship Suduffco disappears in Bermuda Triangle – some claims destroyed
by sea monster but no evidence ever found, Negro history Week established,
Schomburg Collection of Black Culture donated to NY public libraries,
Schrodinger introduces wave mechanics, X-rays create mutations in fruit flies,
Robert Goddard launches first liquid-fueled rocket, death of Serbian statesman
Nikola Pasic, death of Swedish author and pedagogue Ellen Key, Hirohito takes
power in Japan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia become independent, death of French
psychologist Emile Coue, death of English novelist and Zionist Israel Zangwill,
death of Austrian poet Rainer Maria Rilke, death of dancer Isadora Duncan due to
freak accident involving her scarf, Ibn Saud becomes King of Saudi Arabia,
Tension between Italy and Germany over South Tirol, Fascist youth
Organizations “Ballilla” in Italy and Hitlerjugend in Germany founded, General
strike called in Britain, Josef Pilsudski stages coup in Poland, Republic of
Lebanon proclaimed, End of Abd-el-Krim’s Riff war, McNary-Haugen bill
calling for a tariff on agricultural products defeated in US, Poincare elected
Premier of France, Germany admitted to League of Nations, Ignaz Seipel elected
Austrian Chancellor, Dr. Joseph Goebbels named Nazi Gauleiter of Berlin,
German ministers take office in Czechoslovak government, Trotsky and Zinoviev
expelled from Moscow, Italy and Albania sign Treaty of Tirana, HIrohito
succeeds father Yoshihito as Emperor of Japan, Nobel Peace Prize Briand and
Stresemann, Lord Halifax named Viceroy of India, death of American politician
Joseph G (Uncle Joe) Cannon, death of Russian politician Felix Dzerzhinsky,
death of American politician Alton B Parker, death of American Eugene V Debs,
death of S African statesman John X Merriman, WRITERS: Georges Bernanos,
Louis Bromfield, Karel Capek, Concha Espina, William Faulkner, John
Galsworthy, Andre Gide, Paul Green, Ernest Hemingway (The Sun Also Rises),
Sidney Howard, Franz Kafka, SH Lawrence, TE Lawrence, Sinclair Lewis turns
down Pulitzer, Amy Lowell, Emil Ludwig, Maurice Maeterlinck, W Somersat
Maugham, AA Milne (Winnie the Pooh), Henri de Montherlant, Alfred Neumann,
Sean O’casey, Eugene O’Neill, B Reaven, Edgar Wallace, HG Wells, Thornton
Wilder, JM Keynes, Kenneth Lindsay, M Rostovzeff, RH Tawney, GM Trevelyan,
Paul Valery, Death of Rainer Maria Rilke (GER), Israel Zangwill (ENG), Ronald
Firbank (ENG), WL George (ENG), Jean Richepin (FRA), George Sterling
(USA), Arthur Walkley (ENG), Bestseller “Sorrell and Son”, death of German
philosopher Rudolf Eucken, Elley Key (SWE educationalist), Emil Kraepelin
(GER), Sir Erskine Holland (ENG), Ernest Belfort Bax (ENG), Cardinal Joseph
Mercier (BEL), death of Charles W Eliot American educator and Harvard
president, Sarah Lawrence College founded in Bronxville NY, Book of the Month
Club founded, Nobel Prize for literature Grazia Deledda, German stigmatic
Therese Neumann in the Bavarian village of Konnersreuth, Reading University in
England founded, ART: Marc Chagall, Jacov Epstein, Augustus John, Oskar
Kokoschka, Henry Moore, Edvard Munch, JS Sargent, deaths: Joseph Pennell
(USA), Mary Cassatt (USA), Rudolf Valentino (age 31 after finishing “The Son
of the Sheik”), Claude Monet (FRA), Stanley Spencer creates murals for
Burghclere Chapel in Hampshire, JS Sargent Memorial Expo in London, Ernst
Lubitsch leaves Berlin for Hollywood, Movies: “Metropolis”, “Faust”, “Mother”,
“Ben Hur” “Don Juan” (John Barrymore), MUSIC: Eugene D’Albert, George
Antheil, Bela Bartok, Alban Berg, Paul Hindemith, Arthur Honeggar, Emmerich
Kalman, Zoltan Kodaly, Ernst Krenek, Giacomo Puccini, Sigmund Romberg,
Siegfried Wagner, William Walton, Kurt Weill, Duke Ellington’s first records
appear, death of musician Hans Werner Henze, “Jelly Roll” Morton’s first
recordings of jazz, death of Franz Kneisel American Romanian violinist, Popular
Songs: “One Alone” “Desert Song” “Blue Room” “When Day is Done” “I Found
a Million-Dollar Baby in the Five-and-Ten Cent Store”, “Bye Bye Blackbird”,
SCIENCE: Amundsen Ellsworth and Nobile fly over North Pole to Alaska in
airship “Norge”, Richard E Byrd and Floyd Bennett fly from Spitsbergen to North
Pole and back, British General Electricity Board established, death of Danish
astronomer John Dryer, “Electrola” recording technique established, Nobel Prize
for Medicine Johannes Fibiger for cancer research, Robert H Goddard fires first
liquid fuel rocket, Werner Heisenbert forther develops quantum theory, Kodak
produces first 16mm movie film, Thomas H Morgan publishes theory of the gene,
WP Murphy and George Minot treat pernicious anemia with liver extract, Nobel
Prize for Physics Jean baptiste Perrin for discovery of equilibrium of
sedimentation, Photomaton constructed by Russian inventor Anatole Josepho,
Scott Polar Research Institute opens in Cambridge, Hermann Staudinger explores
macromolecular chemistry, US biochemist James B Sumner observes urease
enzyme, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Theodor Svedberg for work on disperse
systems, death of English archaeologist Gertrude Bell, death of American
horticulturist Luther Burbank, death of Italian physician and Nobel Prize winner
for medicine Camillo Golgi, death of American geologist James F Kemp, William
Bateson English biologist dies, death of Dutch physicist and Nobel Prize winner
Heinke Kamerlingh-Onnes, death of English chemist Sir William Tilden, George
Washington Bridge planned to span Hudson River between Fr. Lee NJ and Fort
Washington NY, Alan Cobham flies from Croydon ENG to Capetown SAFR, to
investigate long-term flight, death of Emile Coue the French psychotherapist (Day
by day in every way I am getting better and better), Deutsche Lufthansa airline
founded, Gertrude Ederle (USA) becomes first woman to swim English Channel,
British Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) founded, HL Mencken writes,
Permanent wave invented by Antonio Buzzacchino, death of German industrialist
August Thyssen, Jack Dempsey beaten in boxing by Gene Tunney, Reforms in
Turkey include abolition of polygamy – modernization of female attire –
prohibition of fez and adoption of Latin alphabet, H VIerkotter swims the
Channel in less than 13 hours, death of American newspaper publisher Edward W
Scripps, Cushioned cork-center baseball introduced, Tennis “Match of the
Century” as French Suzanne Lenglen defeats Helen Wills, death of Harry Houdini
the American escape artist, RCA GE and Westinghouse establish NBC, popular
artists: Vincent Lopez *Show Me The Way to go Home” “George Olson, Al
Jolson, Vernon Dalhart, Jan Garber (Baby Face), Senator Cameron from AZ fails
election due to his opposition to the Grand Canyon preservation, first Institute of
Religion opens in Moscow, ID, Britain gives full Independence to dominions,
Joseph Goebbels demands Hitler be expelled from Nazi party, General strike in
Britain, Canberra becomes capital of Australia, Army of Portugal overthrows
government, Germany admitted to League of Nations, Pavlov publishes “The
Conditioned Reflexes”
1927 Economic depression hits Japan, Kuomintang leader Chaing Kai-shek establishes
government at Nanking – Communists challenge his rule, Canberra becomes
capital of Australia, Cairo IL flood, Tornadoes Poplar Bluff MO, Earthquake in
China kills 200 k 7.9, Louisiana gets 15 inches of rain in one day (Apr 15) and
lightning knocks out pumps – 4’ of water * Smoot begins to push for Hoover’s
presidential bid, death of American feminist Victoria Woodhull, death of Carlotta
wife of Emperof Maximilian of Mexico, death of Italian statesman Luigi Luzzatti,
death of Danish critic and scholar George Brandes, death of English portrait
painter Sir Luke Fildes, 7.6 quake in Japan kills 7.6, CA quake at 7.1, PA
Pittsburgh gasometer explosion of 5 million cubic feet of natural gas kills 28,
Holland Tunnel opens in NYC, Heisenberg proposes uncertainty principle,
Georges Lemaitre proposes Big Bang, Charles Lindbergh crosses Atlantic,
Harlem Globetrotters play first game in Hinckley IL, First "talkies", Woolf's "To
The Lighthouse", death of 1903 Nobel Prize Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius,
death of English author Jerome K Jerome, death of German publicist Maximilian
Harden, death of Chinese statesman Sun Yat-sen, Inter-Allied military control of
Germany ends, Economic conference in Geneva attended by 52 nations,
Parliament House in Canberra AUS opened, “Black Friday” in Germany as the
economic system completely collapses, Masaryk reelected President of
Czechoslovakia, Socialists riot in Vienna – general strike takes place following
acquittal of Nazis for political murder, Gottfried Feder publishes article on
Hitler’s Nazi Party, FB Kellog (Sec of State) suggests pact for renunciation of war,
Trotsky expelled from Communist Party, death of Romanian statesman Ion
Bratianu, death of Carlotta former Empress of Mexico, death of Irish nationalist
John Dillon, death of Ferdinand I King of Romania, death of American politician
Lyman J Gage, death of Russian Soviet politician Leonid B Krassin, death of
English statesman and Viceroy of India 5th, Marquis of Lansdowne, Irish
politician Kevin O’Higgins assassinated, death of Russian czarist Sergei Sazonov,
death of Egyptian statesman Zaghlul Pasha, death of first President of Latvia Janis
Cakste, Nobel Prie for literature Henri Bergson (FRA), WRITERS: Louis
Bromfield, Willa Cather, Jean Cocteau, Olav Duun, John Erskine, AA Fadeyev,
Jean Giradoux, Knut Hamsun, Ernest Hemingway, Hermann Hesse (Steppenwolf),
Franz Kafka (posthumously), EA Robinson, Mazo de la Roche, Sinclair Lewis,
Francois Mauriac, Henri Michaux, Marcel Proust (posthumously), Robert E
Sherwood, Upton Sinclair, B Traven, Georg von der Vring, Henry Williamson,
Virginia Woolf, Arnold Zweig, Stefan Zweig, WB Yeats, Paul Claudel, Leon
Brunschvicg, John Dewey, Sigmund Freud, Adolf von Harnack, Martin
Heidegger, Lucien Levy-Bruhl, Bertrand Russell, DEATHS: Georg Brandes
(DEN), Maximilian Harden, Jerome K Jerome, Mikhail Artzybashev (RUS),
William Le QUeux (ENG), Matilda Serao (ITA), Arnold Daly (USA), Luigi
Luzzatti (ITA), Benjamin Purnell (USA), Edward B Titchener (USA), Charles D
Walcott (USA geology), DG Hogarth (ENG), Walter Leaf (ENG), Houstin
Stewart Chamberlain (ENG born GER philosopher of Aryanism), Bestseller:
Thornton Wilder’s “The Bridge of San Luis Rey”, ART: Georges Braque,
Edward Burra, Marc Chagall, Charles Demuth, Jacob Epstein, George Grisz,
Edward Hopper, Oskar Kokoschka, LE Corbusier (architect), Henri Matisse, Rex
Whistler (frescoes), Heinrich Zille, Deaths Louis Fuertes (USA naturalist artist),
Sir Sid Colvin (Eng), Films: “The Jazz Singer” (Jolson – first talkie), “Flesh and
the Devil” (Garbo), “King of Kings” (De Mille), “Berlin”, “Underworld”,
“Wedding March”, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science founded,
MUSIC: Franco Alfano, Bach – arranged by Wolfgang Graeser, Aaron Copland,
George Gershwin (Funny Face), Arthur HOnegger, Jerome Kern and Oscar
Hammerstein II (Show Boat), Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Ernst Krenek, Franz
Lehar, Darius Milhaud, Richard Ridgers and Lorenz Hart (A Connecticut Yankee),
Albert Roussel, Feodor Chaliapin, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky, Harry
Tierney, Kurt Weill, Jaromir Weinberger, Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, Vincent
Youmans, Death of Emil Mollenhauer (USA), Alois Haba develops theory of
quarter-tone harmony, Lev Theremin invents earliest electronic musical
instrument, Popular songs: “Ol’ Man River” “My Heart Stood Still” “My Blue
Heaven”, Let a Smile Be Your Umbrella” “Blue Skies” SCIENCE: death of SWE
chemist Svante Arrhenius, Noble Prize for Physics AH Compton for wavelength
and CTR Wilson (SCO) for making charged particle tracks visible, Albert W Hall
improves fluorescent lamps, W Heitler researches wave mechanics of valence,
Siegfried Junjhans perfects process for continuous casting of non-ferrous metal,
death of American inventor Hudson Maxim, Thomas H Morgan writes about
embryology, CK Ogden founds London Orthological Institute, I{ {avlov writes
about conditioned responses, Nobel Prize for Medicine Wagner von Jauregg
(AUS) for treatmenr of dementia paralytica with malaria inoculation, George
Whipple conducts experiments on pernicious anemia and tuberculosis, death of
English physiologist Ernest H Starling, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Heinrich
Wieland (GER) on research into bile acids, death of Sir Harry H Johnston British
explorer of Mt. Kilamanjaro, Charles A Lindbergh flies monoplane “Spirit of St.
Louis” nonstop across Atlantic, 15 millionth Model “T” prodouced, “Iron Lung”
developed by Drinker and Shah, Holland Tunnel opens linking New York and
New Jersey, Alexander Alekhine becomes world chess champion, Josephine
Baker becomes star in Paris, BBCorporation takes over from BBCompany, First
Expo for space flights in Moscow, Great Moffat Tunnel through Rocky
Mountains opened, Harlem Globetrotters organized, Sonja Henia becomes
Norwegian ice-skating champion, Industrial Health and Safety Centre opens in
London, first use of crop dusters – CAN, Jockey Johnny Longden *USA) begins
career, Great flood disaster in Lower MS valley, Babe Ruth hits 60th home run,
Sacco and Vanzetti executed, Slow fox trot becomes fashionable dance, VickersArmstrong Ltd. To build machines and ships formed in London, Johnny
Weissmuller swims 100 yards in 51 seconds, Deepest well in the world (8000 ft.)
in CA, White City Grounds in London taken over by Greyhound Racing
Association, death of Lizzie Borden of Fall River MA and murder suspect, Ruth
Snyder and Judd Gray convicted of murder of Albert Snyder – her husband –
electrocuted next year at Sing Sing, Philo Farnsworth transmits first all-electronic
tv signal, popular musicians: Nick Lucas (4-leaf clover), Ben Bernie (Ain’t She
Sweet?), Gene Austin (My Blue Heaven), Whispering Jack Smith, Frankie
Trumbauer, Mesa AZ Temple opens, 1000th congregation, Lindbergh solo
transatlantic flight, Civil War in China, Chiang Kai-shek purges communists –
moves government to Nanking – civil war between Communists and Nationalists
1928 Japanese troops murder military ruler of Manchuria, French begin to build
fortification – the Maginot Line – on German border, Stalin launches five-year
plan to expand industry, Fleming discovers Penicillin, Britain extends vote to
women over 21, Foundation of Scottish National Party, Cyclone Lake
Okeechobee FL, Cyclone in Antilles, Eruption of Mt Etna in Sicily, Great flood in
London * Coolidge appoints J. Reuben Clark Jr. as undersecretary of state, Elder
Smoot’s wife dies – President invites widower to stay at White House for a week,
Hoover campaigns in Utah, Hoover asks Smoot about cabinet structure, Apr 35 inches of snow falls in PA April 28th, Vaudeville partners with Joseph P.
Kennedy's film company, death of American lawyer and wit Chauncey Depew,
death of English historian and statesman Sir George Otto Trevelyan, death of
American marathon walker who walked cross country E P Weston, death of
English novelist and poet Thomas Hardy, death of Italian statesman Giovanni
Giolitti, death of US geologist TC Chamberlin, death of Scottish neurologist Sir
David Gerrier, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi isolates vitamin C, Margaret Mead publishes
<i>Coming of Age in Samoa</i>, US adopts prohibition, death of English actress
Ellen Terry, British author Thomas Hardy dies, Color television patented,
Penicillin invented by Fleming of Scotland, death of Britishs Prime Minister
Herbert Henry Asquith, death of German dramatist Hermann Sudermann, Clip-on
tie designed, death of German physicist and 1911 Nobel Prize winner Wilhelm
Wien, death of US chemist and 1914 Nobel Prize winner TW Richards, Chinese
capital changes from Peiping to Beijing, death of British field marshal Douglas
Earl of Haig, death of HH Asquith Earl of Ocfors and Asquith and Prime Minister
of Great Britain, Gerneral Antonio Carmona becomes President of Portugal,
Women’s suffrage in Britain reduced from age 30 to 21, Socialist Party nominates
Norman Thomas for presidency in US, Worlers’ Party nominates William Z
Foster, Italy signs 20-year treaty with Ethiopia, Kellogg-Briand Pact outlaws war
– Paris signs, Albania proclaimed a kingdom with Zog I king, Beginning of first
five-year plan in USSR, Chiang Kai-shek elected president of China, Republican
Herbert Hoover sweeps 444-87, Owen D Young Committee appointed to examine
German reparations, death of US politician Chauncey M Depew, death of Italian
statesman Robert Lansing, death of German ambassador and diplomat Prince
Lichnowsky, Alvaro Obregon President of Mexico assassinated, death of Irish
nationalist leader William O’Brien, assassination of Croat politician Stefan Radic,
death of Egyptian statesman Rushdi pasha, death of Indian statesman Satyendra
Sinha, death of Russian anti-Bolshevik general Baron Piotr Wrangel, WRITERS:
Philip Barry, Stephen Vincent Benet, Colette, John Van Druten, John Galsworthy,
Federico Garcia Lorca, Jean Giraudoux, Margaret Radclyffe Hall, Ben Hecht and
Charles MacArthur, Aldous Huxley, Christopher Isherwood, Panait Istrati, Selma
Lagerlof, DH Lawrence (Lady Chatterley’s Lover), Sinclair Lewis, Francois
Mauriac, Andre Maurois, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Sean O’Casey, Eugene
O’Neill, Carl Sancburg, Dorthy L Sayers, MA Sholokov, Upton Sinclair, Edgar
Wallace, Evelyn Waugh, Virginia Woolf, Rudolf Carnap, Emile Chartier, AS
Eddington, CG Jung, Emil Ludwig, Salvador de Madariaga, Benito Mussolini,
Vernon L Parrington, Ludwig Pastor, Pope Pius Xi, George Bernard Shaw,
Theodor Hendrik van der Velde, Deaths: Thomas Hardy (ENG), Klabund (GER),
Holbrook Blinn (USA), Avery Hopwood (USA), Hermann Sudermann (GER),
Ellen Terry (ENG), Vicente Blasco-Ibanez (ESP), CE Montague (ENG), Max
Scheler (GER), Viscount Haldane (ENG), August Stetson (USA Christian
Science), William G Hale (USA), Sir George Otto Trevelyan (ENG), Talcott
Williams (USA), New English Dictionary completed, Moscow Habima Theater
tours Palestine, Nobel Prize for literature Sigrid Undset (NOR), Ecumenical
Missionary Conference held in Jerusalem, new editon of Encyclopaedia Judiaca
appears, ART: Max B eckmann, Georges Braque, Marc Chagall, Hugo Lederer
(Sculpture), Henri Matisse, Edvard Munch, Georgia O’Keeffe, Amedee Ozenfant,
John Sloan (Ashcan school), Films: Disney’s first Mickey Mouse films, “The
Circus” (Chaplin), “October”. “Italian Straw Hat”, “The Passion of Joan of Arc”,
“Therese Raquin” “storm Over Asia”, “The Woman on the Moon”, “The Lights
of New York” (longest sound film – Warner Brothers), Congres Internationaux
d’Architecture Moderne founded in Geneva, Kenwood House in England opened
to public as museum, Shakespeare memorial Theater designed, DEATHS: Arthur
B Davies (USA), Richard E Outcault (USA cartoonist – Buster Brown), Juan Gris,
MUSIC: Eugene D’Albert, Marion Bauer, George Gershwin (American in Paris),
Arthur Honegger, Franz Lehar, Francesco Malipiero, Maurice Ravel (Bolero),
Sigmund Romberg, Richard Strauss, Igor Stravinsky, Kurt Weill, Deaths: Leos
Janacek (CZE), Henry FB Gilbert (USA), Toscanini named consuctor of NY
Philharmonic, Popular Songs: “Bill” “Am I Blue?” “Crazy Rhythm” “Makin’
Whoopee”, “You’re the Cream in My Coffee”, “Button Up Your Overcoat” ,
Death of Roald Amundsen Norwegian explorer while attempting to rescue Italian
explorer who crashed in Arctic, JL Baird demonstrated color TV, Franz Boas
confuted Fascist theory of “Master Race”, PAM DIrac replaces second-order
wave equation, Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin, H Geiger and W Muller
construct “Geiger Counter”, death of Dutch physicist Hendrik Antoon Lorentz,
Nobel Prize for Medicine Charles Nicolle (FRA) for work on typhus, FA Paneth
founds radio chemistry, Indian physicist CV Raman discovers Ramen effect of
light, Nobel Prize for Physics Sir Owen Richardson (ENG) for discovery of
“Richardson Effect”, Serge Veronoff writes about rejuvenation by transplanting
glands, British aviator Frank C Whittle posted to 111 Fighter Squadron, death of
German physicist Wilhelm Wien, Nobel Prize for chemistry Adolf Windaus
(GER) fir work with sterins and vitamins, death of Swedisn geologist and
explorer Otto Nordenskjold, death of English explorer Sir Henry Wickham, death
of botanist John Coulter (USA), death of Danish pathologist and Nobel Prize
winner Johannes Fibiger, death of Swedish metereologist Finn Malgran, death of
Japanese bacteriologist Hideyo Noguchi, death of American chemist Theodore
Richards, First color notion pictures exhibited by George Eastman, New York
Times installs moving electric sign around Times Building, Brazil economy
collapses due to over-production of coffee, Female fashion includes “Garconne
style”, Machine for boning and cleaning kippers makes first run at Fleetwood
England, Olympic Games in Amsterdam – forst women participants – Sonja
Henie (NOR) wins, deathof English suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst, Al Jolson’s
“Sonny Boy” sells 12 million records in 4 weeks, Teleprinters and teletype comes
into restricted use in US Germany and Britain, Thames overflows banks due to
abnormally high tide, death of George W Geothals American chief engineer on
Panama Canal, First scheduled television broadcasts (NY), Amelia Earhart
becomes first woman to fly across Atlantic, John baird beams television image
from England to US, GE introduces television with 3” by 4” schrrn, first
television sold a Daven for $75, Popular artists – Mack the Knife, Fred Waring (I
Scream(, Paul Robeson (Ol’ Man River), Marion Harris, Ben Bernie, High-speed
tickers installed on Wall Street doubles speed, Hill Cumorah purchased,
Australian Charles Kingsford Smith makes first trans-Pacific flight, War outlawed,
Keliog-Briand Pact in paris – great powers denounce war, Scot Alexander
Fleming discovers penicillin, Bernays publishes “Crystallizing Public Opinopn”
and “Propaganda” – both influenced Hitler – stated that language influences
reality
1929 Stock exchange and great depression, Uprising of Mau people of Samoa against
New Zealand government, Burin peninsula CAN tsunami from 7.3 quake off
Newfoundland, earthquakes and landslide in Anatolia Turkey, Volcano in Chile *
President Smith meets with President Hoover, shows signs of worry concerning
economy, Oct conference prays for President Hoover, Greenland Ranch, Death
Valley, CA has no precipitation during 1929, Final Vaudeville houses converted
to movie theaters, Cole Porter's first successful musical debuts, UT – Butch
Cassidy may have retired in Circleville and died this year, death of French
statesman Georges Clemenceau, ENG 15 die in fire demonstration in Kent –
building with live people ignited too soon, quartz crystal clock invented, Edwin
Hubble offers ividence of an expanding universe, Cardinal O’Connell of Boston
admonishes members not to read about Relativity, death of German art historian
Wilhelm von Bode, death of British suffragist Millicent Garrett Fawcett, death of
German historian Hans Delbruck, death of French marshal Ferdinand Foch, Stock
market crash starts the great depression, death of Berlin cartoonist Heinrich Zille,
Ms. Francis Orlando age 19 arrested in San Francisco arrested for wearing men’s
clothing, death of Russian ballet impresario Sergei Diaghilev, death of Austrian
poet Hugo von Hofmannsthal, death of German statesman Gustav Stresemann,
Dictatorship established in Yugoslavia under King Alexander I – constitution
suppressed, Inter-American Treaty of Arbitration signed in Washington, Trotsky
expelled from the USSR, Lateran Treaty established independent Vatican City,
death of Ferdinand Foch Marshal of France, Herbert C Hoover inaugurated #31,
Ramsay MacDonald forms Labour Government in Britain – Arthur Henderson
named foreign secretary, Kellogg-Briand Pact comes into force, Pope Pius XI
leaves Vatican for first time, Aristide Briand elected Premier of France, Arabs
attack Jews in Palestine following disputes over Jewish use of the Wailing Wall,
death of German statesman Gustav Stresemann, Name of Serbo-Croat Slovene
Kingdo changed to Yugoslavia, Australian Labour Party wins elections, death of
French statesman Georges Clemenceau, Round Table Conference between
viceroy and Indian leaders on dominion status, Nobel Peace Prize – Frank B
Kellogg, Hitler appoints Himmler “Reichsfuhrer S.S.”, Jewish agency becomes
representative of all Zionist and non-Zionist Jews, death of Hungarian statesman
Count Gyula Andrassy, death of American politician and diplomat Myron Herrick,
death of 5th Earl of Rosebery who had his “three wishes” of marrying richest
heiress in England winning the Derby three times and becoming prime minister,
death of Japanese statesman and soldier Baron Tanaka, Albert B Fall Secretary of
the Interior under Coolidge convicted of accepting bribe in Teapot Dome scancal
– sentenced to prison and fine, WRITERS: Vicki baum, Robert Bridges, Jean
Cocteau, Alfred Doblin, William Faulkner (Sound and the Fury), Andre Gide,
Jean Giono, Jean Giradoux, Robert Graves Julian Green, Ernest Hemingway
(Farewell to Arms), Richard Hughes, Mazo de la Roche, Sinclair Lewis, Vachel
Lindsay, Charles Morgan, Axel Munthe, Julia Peterkin, John Cowper Powys, JB
Priestley, Erich Maria Remarque, Elmer Rice, Antoine de Saint-Expery, Shaw,
RC Sherriff, Aleksei N Tolstoi, Edmund Wilson, Salvatore Quasimodo, Thomas
Wolfe, Virginia Woolf, Stefan Zweig, John Dewey, Martin Heidegger, Walter
Lippmann, Jose Ortega y Gasset, Erich Przywara, Bertrand Russell, AN
Whitehead, Nobel Prize for literature Thomas Mann, Presbyterian Churches in
Scotland unite to form Church of Scotland, Lutheran World Conference held in
Copenhagen, Eugenio Pacelli (future Pope Pius XII) created a cardinal, the
Vienna Circle of behaviorism formed by Carnap Hahn Neurath Schlick et al.,
Deaths: Hugo von Hoffmannsthal (AUS), Arno Holz (GER), Katherine Lee Bates
(America the Beautiful) (USA), Bliss Carman (CAN), Edward Carpenter (ENG),
Henry Arthur Jones (ENG), Brander Matthews (USA), Flora Annie Steel (ENG),
Thorstein Veblen (USA), Katherine Tingley (USA), Sir William Dawkins (ENG),
Harrison Dyar (USA), Rodolfo Lanciani (ITA), ART: Marc Chagall, Salvador
Dali, Jacov Epstein (sculpture), Klee, Le Corbusier, Paul Nash, Georgia O’Keeffe,
Pablo Picasso, Stanley Spencer, Grant Wood, deaths: Wilhelm von Bode (GER),
Films: “The Love Parade”, “Blackmail” (Hitchcock), Hallelujah, “Broadway
Melody””Turksib” “General Line””Pandora’s Box” first musical Mickey Mouse
films – death of silenr film era, Museum of Modern Art opens in New York, St.
Vitus Cathedral if Prague completed (atarted 1344), Second Surrealist Manifesto,
death of German cartoonist Heinrich Zille, death of American cartoonist TA
Dorgan, death of American painter Robert Henri, MUSIC: George Antheil, Ralph
Benatzky, Aaron Copland, Noel Coward, George Gershwin (Show Girl), Eugene
Goossens, Paul Hindemith, Ernst Krenek, Constant Lambert, Franz Lehar, Walter
Piston, Hermann, William Walton, Cole Porter, Death of Sergei P Diaghilev
(RUS), Andre Messager (FRA), Lilli Lehman (GER soprano), Oxford History of
Music begins to appear, Popular songs: “Stardust” “Tiptoe through the Tulips”
“Singin’ in the Rain” “Moanin’ Low”, SCIENCE: Matthews usen ultrasensitive
galvanometer to trace single impulse in a single nerve fiber, Nobel Prize for
Physics Louis de Broglie (FRA) for wave nature of electrons, cascade Tunnel
longest railroad tunnel in N America finished, Danish biochemist Henrik Dam
discovers vitamin K, EA Doisy (USA) and AF Butenandt (GER) simultaneously
isolate estrone, Nobel Prize for medicine – ChristianEijkman (DUTCH) for
discovery of antineuritic vitamin B1, Einstein publishes Unified Field Theory,
James Jeans publishes “The Universe Around Us”, WA Morrison introduces
quartz-crystal clocks for precise timekeeping, US Army monoplane completes
long flight, Emil Berliner German-American inventor dies, death of Austrian
chemist inventor of gaslight mantle and appliances Baron Auer von Welsbach,
death of American physician who discovered pellagra Joseph Goldberger, death
of German chemist Richard Zsigmondy, Construction begins on Empire State
Building, Lt. James Doolittle pilots airplane solely using instruments, Anstonomer
Edward Hubble measures large red shifts in spectra of nebulae, ::: First use of the
term “apartheid”, “Black Friday” in New York – 26 billion lost in US securities,
Margaret Bondfield becomes first Biritsh woman privy councilor, Donald G
Bradman an Australian cricketer gets world record score, US aviator Richard E
Byrd and three companions fly over South Pole, Bell Laboratories in US begin
experiments with color television, American manufacturers begin to make
aluminum furniture, Kodak introduces 16mm color movie film, General hans von
Seeckt writes “A Soldier’s Thoughts”, Rollin Kirgy wins third Pulitzer Prize for
cartoons, New Tilbury Dock in London opened, Tootal’s of England develops
first crease-resistant cotton, “Graf Zeppelin” airship flies around the world, St.
Valentine’s Day Massacre – six Chicago gangsters gunned down by rival gang,
death of English woman suffrage leader Millicent Fawcett, death of American
news man Melville Stone, death of Dutch suffragist leader and creator of first
birth control clinic ALetta Jacobs, death of English actress Lily Langtry, Edward
Payson Weston American professional pedestrian dies, CBS founded, Popular
musicians: Louis Armstrong, Eddie Cantor (Makin’ Whoopee), Cliff Edwards
(Singin’ In The Rain) Guy Lombardo, Copley Palza Orchestry (Pagan Love Song),
Audova publishes cause of dinosaur death as environmental change, stock market
dips in March signaling instability before crash, Feb – Astrologer Evangeline
Adams predicts stock market will rise, Mar is Stock Market buying frenzy,
Hoover predicts poverty near an end in March also March Meehan spurs
speculation of RCA stocks driving the value up, Stock market sets up office on
ocean liners, Sept average reaches high of 381.17 in Sep, wild fluctuations hit
market, Oct 24 market loses 5 billion black Thursday Oct 24, then 28th and 29th
crashes lead to over 14 billion in losses, Tabernacle Choir broadcasts, Richard
Byrd flies over South Pole, Young Plan reassesses German reparations – replaces
Dawes Plan, First major conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine,
1930 End of dictatorship of Primo de Rivera of Spain, End of President Augusto Leguia
in Peru, White women given vote in South Africa, Ras Tafari crowned emperor of
Ethiopia and renames self Haile Selassie, First Round Table Conference between
British government and Indian parties, Getulio Vargas becomes Brazilian
president and becomes dictator until 1937 * Taft dies – Elder Smoot represents
Church at funeral, Smoot and new wife spend honeymoon in white house, Hoover
invites Elder David O. McKay to participate in White House conference on child
health, J. Reuben Clark Jr. appointed ambassador to Mexico – waits until Hoover
out of office to resign, President Grant gives Book of Mormon to FDR, Ronald
Reagan begins working with LDS actress Rhonda Fleming, Fred Astaire appears
on Broadway, German population reaches 65 million, death of second wife of
Richard Wagner and daughter of Franz Liszt Cosima, death of Spanish soldier
and statesman Valeriano Weyler, death of English poet Robert Bridges, death of
Russian historical painter Ilya Efimovich Repin, Indonesia Mt Merapi erupts
killing 1369, four glider pilots fall as hailstones over Germany, one survives the
violent updrafts
Herbert Hoover orders two to break in to Democratic Party office in NY, Electron
microscope invented, Clyde Tombaugh discovers Pluto, death of British
statesman Arthur James Balfour, death of William H Taft, death of English writer
Arthur Conan Doyle, Rene Lacoste “le crocodile” makes first designer logo of the
crocodile tennis shirt (see 1933), death of Norwegian Arctic explorer Fridtjof
Nansen, death of German composer Siegfried Wagner, death of English novelist
DH Lawrence, death of actor Lon (Alonso) Chaney, Nazi politician Wilhelm
Frick becomes government minister in Thruingia, Austria and Italy sign treaty of
friendship, death of WH Taft supreme court justice and former president, death of
Spanish statesman Miguel Primo de Rivera, death of British statesman AJ Balfour,
Constantinople changed to Istanbul, Heinrich Bruning forms right-wing coalition
government in Germany, Reuben J Clark’s Memorandum of 1928 on Monroe
Doctrine published, Edward L Doheny acquitted of bribery in Teapot Dome
scandal, Ras Tafari becomes Emperor haile Selassie of Ethiopia, Britain US Japan
France and Italy sign treaty on naval disarmament, Dunning tariff in Canada gives
preferential treatment to Britain, Crown Prince Carol becomes King of Poland,
President Hoover approves Smoot-Hawley high tariff, Charles Evand Hughes
appointed Chief Justice of Supreme Court, Last Allied troops leave Rhineland,
Litvinov named USSR Foreign minister, Catholic-Fascist Heimwehr units
established in Austria under Prince von Starhemberg, Pilsudski forms right-wing
government in Poland, Revolution in Argentina – Jose Uriburu becomes president,
Nazis gain 107 seats in German elections, Revolution in Brazil – Getulio Vargas
becomes new president, Passfield White Paper on Palestine suggests that jewish
immigration be halted, Japanese Premier Hamaguchi assassinated, Last Allied
troops leave the Saar, Nobel Peace Prize to Swedish Lutheran Archbishop Nathan
Soderblom, death of German general Friedrich von Bernhardi, death of American
Army Chief of Staff Tasker H Bliss, death of German naval Commander Alfred
von Tirpitz, Owen J Roberts appointed to US Supreme Court, Congress creates
Veterans Administration, Federal Bureau of narcotics organized, WRITERS:
Lascelles Abercrombie, Conrad Aiken, Maxwell Anderson, WH AUden, Philip
Barry, Ivan Bunin, Paul Claudel, Marc Connelly, Noel Coward, Hart Crane,
Maurice Dekobra, Earl Derr Biggers, TD Elion, William Faulkner, Bruno Frank,
Robert Frost, Jean Giono, Dashiell Hammett, Joseph Hergesheimer, John Hershey,
Oliver La Farge, W Somerset Maugham, Robert Musil, Katherine Anne Porter,
John Cowper Powys, JB Priestley, Robert E Sherwood, Sigrid Undset, Hugh
Walpole, Evelyn Waugh, Alfred Adler, EK Chambers, Albert Einstein, Sigmund
Freud, CS Johnson, JM Keynes, Harold Laski, FR Leavis, Maurice Maeterlinck,
Alfred Rosenberg, Albert Schweitzer, GM Trevelyan, Leon Trotsky, Deaths:
Arthur Conan Doyle (ENG), DH Lawrence (ENG), VV Majakovski (RUS),
Melville D Post (USA), Edward W Bok (USA), William Bolitho (ENG), Robert S
Bridges (ENG), Mary E Wilkins (USA), William J Locke (ENG), Georges de
Porto-Riche (FRA), Romer Wilson (Anglo-USA), Adolf von Harnack (GER),
Christine Ladd-Franklin (USA), Arthur MacDonnell (ENG), Bestseller
“Cimarron” by Edna Ferber, Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli (Later Pope Pius XII)
named Vatican secretary of State, Sinclair Lewis wins Nobel Prize for literature,
Boston bans all works by Leon Trotsky, ART: Max Beckmann, Chaim Gross
(sculpture), George Grosz, Henri Matisse, Edward Wadsworth, Grant Wood
(American Gothic), death of Frank McKinney Hubbard cartoonist (USA),
Edward V Valentine American sculptor dies, Films: “Blue Angel” (Marlene
Dietrich), “All Wuiet on the Western Front, “Abraham Lincoln”, “Anna Christie”
(Greta Garbo), “Sous les Toits de Paris”, “Murder” (Hitchcock), “The Big House”,
“Hell’s Angels” (Howard Hughes), R Hood designs Daily News Building in New
York, death of Ilya Repin Russian historical painter, Van Doesburg uses term
“l’art concrete”, Thomas Whittemore begins cleaning Byzantine mosaics at
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, MUSIC: Paul Abraham, Bela Bartok, Ralph Benatzky,
Paul Hindemith, Arthur Honegger, Leos Janacek, Zoltan Kodaly, Ernst Krenek,
Arnold Schonberg, Igor Stravinsky, Kurt Weill, BBC Symphony Orchestra
formed, Jacques Thibaud forms famous trio with Casals and Cortot, The
Trautonium electronic instrument invented, Deaths: Emmy Destinn Czech
soprano, Cosima Wagner – second wife of Wagner, death of Siegfried Wagner
(son of famous), Leopold Auer – Hungarian musician, Popular Songs: “Georgia
on my Mind” ”I Got Rhythm” “Three Little Words” “Time on my Hands”
“Walkin’ my Baby Back Home” “Body and Soul”, SCIENCE: PJW Debye
investigate molecular structure using x-rays, AS Eddington attempts unified
theory, Nobel Prize in Chemistry Hans Fischer (GER) for chlorophyll research
and synthesis of hemin, Eric Haarmann created theory of oscillation, Nobel Prize
for Medicine Karl Landsteiner for blood groupings, US physicist Ernest O
Lawrence pioneers development of cyclotron, US biochemist JH Northrop makes
crystallized pepsin and trypsin, Pluto discovered by CW Tombaugh, Nobel Prize
for Physics Sir C Raman (India) for work on light diffusion, J Walter Reppe
(GER) makes artificial fabrics from acetylene base, BV Schmidt builds first
coma-free 14-inch Schmidt mirror telescope, S African microbiologist Max
Theiler develops yellow faver vaccine, death of American inventor and aviator
Flenn Curtiss, death of American electrical engineer and inventor Elmer A Sperry,
Leonard Woolley writes about digging up the past, “Blondie” cartoons gain
popularity in US, The clown Grock (Adrian Wettach) publishes memoirs “I Like
to Live”, Amy Johnson flies solo from London to Australia, France begins
building Maginot line, Magnitogorsk founded under first USSR five-year plan for
mining, death of Norwegion explorer and humanitarian Fridtjof Nansen,
Photoflash bulb comes into use, Picture telegraphy between Germany and Britain,
Pilgrim Trust – American railroad magnate ES Harkness gives 2 million pounds
in hands of Prime Minister Baldwin of England, death of British statesman FE
Smith (Lord Birkenhead), “Technocracy” becomes buzzword, Turksib rail line
between Turkestan and Siberia opened, Youth Hostels Association opens in
Britain, death of “Deadwood Dick” (Richard W Clarke) the English-born
American fronteersman, Bobby Jones wins golf’s “grand slam”, “Gallant Fox”
wins triple crown, first radio ratings system, Popular Musicians: Ben Selvin or
Benny Meroff (Happy Says are Here Again), Harry Richman (Puttin’ on the Ritz),
Ted Lewis (On The Sunny Side of the Street), Nat Shilkret (Get Happy), Ruth
Etting, BH Roberts presents History of the Church to the Church for centennial,
Solemn assembly commemorates 100 years, In Germany, LDS hymns referring to
Israel and Zion destroyed (through 30s), German scriptures burned in Brazil
fearing Nazi influence (through 30s), Death of Dr. William A. Spooner, London
Naval Conference – great powers fail to agree on naval limitations, Treaty of
Ankara between Greece and Turkey
1931 Six years of drought hit US great plains, First trans-African railroad completed
from Angola to Mozambique, Japanese occupy Chinese province of Manchuria,
Republic declared in Spain after King Alfonso XIII abdicates, Statute of
Westminster makes dominions of British empire self-governing, Foundation of
United Australia Party, Cyclone hits Belize, flood and storm surge in 1931,
Eruption on Java, Earthquake in New Zealand 7.9 kills 258, Lyndon Baines
Johnson first learns about Mormons through roommate Truman Young,
Populations Paris 2.8 million New York 7.4 million, Apr - Hottest Hawaiian temp
ever - 100 degrees, possible tsunami in NJ, China – yellow river flood becomes
most deadly natural disaster killing between 1-4 million, The nine Scottsboro
boys are falsely accused of rape in AL, Billie Holiday begins singing in Harlem
clubs, Godel presents proof of incompleteness of mathematics, Empire State
Building completed, death of Thomas Alva Edison the American inventor, death
of French composer Vincent d’Indy, Empire State Building completed, death of
American physicist Albert Michelson, death of French marshal Joseph Jacques
Cesaire Joffre, death of English novelist Hall Caine, Ellery J Chun designs first
mass-production Hawaiian shirt, Lastex rubber changes bra industry, death of
Australian operatic soprano Nellie Melba, death of Austrian poet Arthur
Schnitzler, death of 1931 Nobel Prize winner and Swedish author Erik A
Karlfeldt, death of Archbishop of Uppsala Nathan Soderblom, death of English
author Arnold Bennett, death of English physicist JC Maxwell, death of Russian
ballet dancer Anna Pavlova, Movie: Dracula with Bela Lugosi, Movie:
Frankenstein with Boris Karloff, death of Marshal of France Joseph Joffre, Pierre
Laval elected Premier of France, Oswald Mosley leaves British labour party to
form fascist party, King Alfonso XIII leaves Spain and goes into exile, US Senate
passes Veterans Compensation Act over Hoover’s veto, Collapse of Austria’s
Credit Anstalt leads to financial crisis in Central Europe, Paul Doumer elected
President of France, Pope Pius XI releases encyclical of new social order, US
President Hoover suggests one-year moratorium on reparation of war debts,
Bankruptcy of German Danatbank leads to closure of all German banks, British
naval force at Invergordon mutinies over pay cuts, Heimwehr coup in Austria
fails, Britain abandons gold standard and pound sterling falls from $4.86 to $3.49,
Dwight W Morrow American politician dies, German millionaire Hugenberg
undertakes support of the Nazi Party, Ramsay MacDonald forms second National
Government, Statute of Westminister defines dominion status, National Coffee
Department in Brazil begins official destruction of surplus stocks, Nobel Peace
Prize to Jane Addams (USA) and Nicholas Murray Butler (USA), WRITERS:
Frederick Lewis Allen, Jacques Bainville, Georges Bernanos, James Birdie, John
Buchan, Pearl S Buch (The Good Earth), Noel Coward, Theodore Dreiser,
William Faulkner, Robert Frost (Nobel Prize), Jean Giono, Kristmann
Gudmundsson, Henry james, Eugene O’Neill, Alja Rachmanova, EM Remarque,
Elmer Rice, Joseph Roth, Victoria Sackville-West, Robert Sherwood, Dodie
Smith, Lytton Strachey, Carl Zuckmayer, Lincoln Steffens, Norman Angell and
Harold Wright, John Dewey, Emile Meyerson, Otto Neurath, Max Planck, Albert
Schweitzer, Oswald Spengler, Paul Valery, DEATHS: David Belasco, Arnold
Bennett (ENG), Hall Caine (ENG), Frank Harris (ENG-USA), Hsu Chi-mo (CHI),
Arthur Schnitzler, Melvil Dewey (decimal system), Vachel Lindsay (USA),
Katherine Tynan (IRI), Juan Zirrila (URU), Tyrone Power III (USA), Gustave Le
Bon (FRA), George F Moore (USA), Habima theater settles permanently in Tel
Aviv, Jehovah’s Witnesses formed from Internation Bible Students Association,
ART: Max Beckmann, Pierre Bonnard, Constantin Brancusi, Marc Chagall,
Salvador Dali (Persistence of Memory), Otto Dix, Jacob Epstein, Lyonel
Feininger, E Hopper, A Drury (statue), Paul Klee, Henri Matisse, Paul Nash,
Rockerfeller Center started, Empire State Building completed, Films: “City
Lights” (Chaplin), “Congress Dances”, “La Million”, “Girls in Uniform”, “Frint
Page” “Kameradschaft” “Emil and the Detectived” “Frankenstein” (Karloff),
“Flowers and Trees” (Disney’s First Color Film), Clark Gable begins Hollywood
career, MUSIC: Geroge Dyson, Edward Elgar, George Gershwin, George S
Kaufman, Morrie Ryskind, Alois Haba, Paul Hindemith, Francesco Malipiero,
Hans Pfitzner, William Grant Still, Edgar Varese, William Wlaton, Egon Wellesz,
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, DEATHS: Vincent d’Indy (FRA) composer, Dame Nellie
Melba (Australian soprano), Carl Nielsen (DAN), Anna Pavlova (RUS dancer),
Eugene Ysaye (BEL), “Star Spangled Banner” officially becomes national anthem,
Popular Songs: “Minnie the Moocher”, “Mood Indigo”, “Goodnight Sweetheart”,
“When the Moon Comes Over the Mountain” SCIENCE: Nobel Prize for
Chemistry Friedrich Bergius (GER) and Carl Bosch for high-pressure chemicals,
US physicist PW Bridgman conducts research on high-pressure materials, death
of Australian physician Sir David Bruce, British physicist JD Cockcroft develops
high-voltage atomic transmutations, death of Thomas Alva Edison, Swiss
Chemist Paul Karrer isolated Vitamin A, JG Lansky discovers radio interference
frim Milky Way, American physicist EO Lawrence invents cyclotron, death of
physicist AA Michelson (USA), Julius A Nieuwland devises process for
developing neoprene (synthetic rubber), Nobel Prize for medicine Otto Warburg
(GER) for enzymes, Australian explorer GH Wilkins captains Nautilus submarine
under Arctic Ocean, death of Aristides Agramonte the Cuban bacteriologist, death
of Edward G Acherson American Inventor and assistant to Thomas A Edison,
death of American neurologist Francis Dercum, Clyde Panghorn and Hugh
Herndon fly across Pacific nonstop, George Washington Bridge completed,
Harold C Urey discovers deuterium, Benguella=Katanga trans-African railroad
completed, Alphonse (“Scarface”) Capone jailed for income tax evasion, Mrs.
Hattie T Caraway (AR) becomes first woman senator elected, International
Colonial Expo in Paris, King George V accepts 2 millionth telephone for use at
Buckingham palace, death of Sir Thomas Lipton British tea merchant, N face of
Matterhorn climbed (first) by Franz and Toni Schmid, New York “World”
suspends publichation, NY newspapers amalgamated, Dr. William Rose edits
outline of modern knowledge, Spicer-Dufay process of natural color photography
invented, Starr Faithfull’s mysterious death at shore of Long Beach NY, death of
American banker and philanthropist Mortimer L Schiff, death of American coach
Knute Rockne, death of American merchant and founder of macy’s Nathan Straus,
40,000 televisions in US, Popular artists: Ted Lewis, Red Nichold or Ethel Waters
(I Got Rythym), Cab Calloway (Minnie the Moocher), Wayne King of Guy
Lombardo (Good Night Sweetheard), Isham Jones (Stardust), Over four million
Americans unemployed, IWW-promoted strike on Hoover Dam due to bad and
unsafe working conditions, Statute of Westminster formally gives full rights and
autonomy to British dominions, first Dracula movie created, Japanese occupy
Manchuria – puppet state of Manchukuo formed, Britain abandons gold standard,
King Alfonso XIII of Spain flees and republic is proclaimed,
1932 Earthquake in Gansu China kills 70 K, Absolute rule of Thai king ends – new
Thai constitution, Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay begins, begin of US
dustbowl until 1940, Marion AL tornadoes, Cyclones hit Puerto Rico, Cuba,
Drought and famine in Kiev, Coolidge is blessed by Elder Smoot shortly before
ex-president’s death, Hoover visits SLC before Smoot’s reelection campaign –
both lose. FDR elected – overturns prohibition, NV 7.2 quake, possible tsunami in
MEX, Jan - Tornado hits Lexington TN, Mar - low pressure system hits East
Coast of US, Apr - lightning hits geese over Manitoba, CAN, Pearl Buck
publishes <i>The Good Earth</i>, Start of Ukraine Holodomor famine killing 5
million, Radio City Music Hall opens in NYC, Iraq gains independence, Amelia
Earhart flies solo across Atlantic, FDR elected, Severe famine in Soviet Union,
Huxley's "Brave New World", death of American photography pioneer George
Eastman, death of 1902 Nobel Prize winner and English physician specialist in
tropical diseases Ronald Ross, death of French statesman Aristide Briand, death
of Scottish-born German composer Eugen D’Albert, death of French statesman
and politician Andre Maginot, death of English author Lytton Strachey, death of
Austrian poet Anton Wildgans, first sighting of Caddy the Canadian monster in
Strait of Georgia, Indian Congress declared illegal and Gandhi arrested, Stimson
Doctrine protects against Japanese aggression in Manchuria 0 US declares it will
not recognize gains made by armed force, in USSR – second 5-year plan, Andre
Tardieu elected Prime Minister of France, US Federal Reserve System
reorganized, Aristide Briand the French statesman dies, Eamon de Valera elected
President of Ireland, Hindenburg elected in Germany over Hitler – Hitler refuses
Hindenburg’s offer to become Vice Chancellor, Julius Gombos the anti-Semitic
nationalist forms government in Hungary, FDR wins election in landslide over
Hoover, Gen Kurt von Schleicher named German Chancellor after Papen’s
redignation, Famine in USSR, Hitler receives German citizenship and Frick
appoints him Regieurungsrat in Brunswick, Ibn Saud renames kingdom Saudi
Arabia, death of French diplomat and ambassador Jean Jules Jusserand, death of
German socialist Eduard Bernstein, May and June ex-servicemen protest in
Washington DC 17k for their bonus checks, Reconstruction Finance Corporation
lends money for rebuilding of US economy, First unemployment insurance law
enacted in WI, WRITERS: Sherwood Anderson, Jean Anouilh, WH Auden, Philip
Barry, Bertolt Brecht, James Bridie, Erskine Caldwell (Tobacco Road), LouisFerdinand Celine, John Dos Passos, Hans Fallada, James T Farrell, William
Faulkner, Rose Franken, Jean Giono, Louis Golding, Julian Green, Graham Green,
Dashiell Hammett, Gerhart Hauptmann, Ernest Hemingway, Sidney Howard,
Aldous Huxley (Brave New World), Rosamond Lehmann, Rose Macauley, W
Somerset Maugham, Francois Mauriac, Andre Maurois, Henri Michaux, Charles
Morgan, Boris Pasternak, Walter B Pitkin, JB Priestley, FE Sillanpaa, Upton
Sinclair, Felix Timmermans, Sigrid Undset, Irving Babbit, Karl Barth, Henri
Bergson, VF Calverton, Etienne Gilson, Karl Jaspers, Wyndham Lewis, John
Strachetm , Sidney and Beatrice Webb visit USSR and write memoirs, Will
Durant, Bennington College opens in Vermont, Methodist Churches in England
reunify, Folger Library opens in Washington, Nobel Prize for literature – John
Galsworthy, anniversary of Goeethe’s death, Shakespeare Memorial Theater
opened, Deaths: Lytton Strachey (ENG), Rene Bazin (FRA), Famaliel Bradford
(USA), Edgar Wallace (ENG), Anton Wildgans (AUS), Eugene Brieux (FRA),
Hart Crane (USA), Kenneth Grahame (ENG), Lady Gregory (IRI), Harold
MacGrath (USA), Harold Monro (ENG), Sir Gilbert Parker (CAN), Minnie
Maddern Fiske (USA), Florenz Ziegfeld (USA), James Oppenheim (USA), John
B McMaster (USA), Salomon Reinack (FRA), Charles W Chesnutt (USA –
lawyer and black educator), ART: Max Beckmann, Burra, Alexander Calder, Eric
Gill, Max Liebermann, Edwin Lutyens (Metropolitan Cathedral in Liverpool), W
Nicholson, Pablo Picasso, Ben Shahn, death of German painter Max Slebogt,
Grant Wood, Films: “The Blue Light” “M” “A nous la liberte” “A Farewell to
Arms” (Gary Cooper), “Grand Hotel” (Garbo), “Shanghai Express” (Dietrich),
“Sign of the Cross” (De Mille), John Weissmuller appears in first “Tarzan” film,
Shriley Temple’s first film – “Red Haired Alibi”, “Fugitive Fram a Chain Gang”,
MUSIC: Samuel barber, Arnold Bax, Benjamin Britten, Ferde Grofe, Cole Porter,
Sergei Prokofiev, Maurice Ravel, Arnold Schonberg, Franz Schreker, DEATHS:
Eugen D’Albert (GER), John Philip Sousa (USA), Johanna Gadski (GER-USA),
Sir Thomas Beecham founds London Philharmonic, Popular songs: “Brother Can
You Spare a Dime” “I’m Getting Sentimental Over You”, “Night and Day” “Let’s
Have Another Cup of Coffee”, “April in Paris” SCIENCE: Nobel Prize for
medicine ED Adrian and C Sherrington for discovery of function of neurons, CD
Anderson discovers positron, Wh Carothers synthesizes polyamide (nylon in
1936), James Chadwick discovers the neutron, the Cordoba catalogue mentions
over 600k stars in southern sky, Nobel Prize for Physics Werner Heisenberg for
matrix theory of quantum mechanics, Karl Jansky established foundation for
development of radio astronomy, Richard Kuhn investigates riboflavin, Edwin
Land invents light polarizer, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Irving Langmuir (US) for
surface chemistry, Fritz Mietzsch and Josef Klarer develop sulfonamide, death of
German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald, Auguste Piccard reaches height of 17.5 miles
in stratosphere balloon, death of English bacteriologist Ronald Ross, Balloon tire
produced for farm tractors, Vitamin D Discovered, death of Scottish Biologist Sir
Patrick Geddes, death of American physiologist Graham Lusk, death of Brazilian
airship pioneer Alberto Sontos-Dumont, Work begins on Golden Gate Bridge,
Basic English proposed as prospective international language, BBC takes over
responsibility to develop television from Baird Group, Amelia Earhart first
woman to solo across Atlantic, death of George Eastman camera guru, Inperial
Airways serves 22 countries, Japan begins conquest of world markets by
undercutting prices, expression “New Deal” used in Roosevelt’s speech, Ivar
Kreuger Swedish “match king” commits suicide and company collapses, Lambeth
Bridge in London and Harbour Bridge in Sydney open, Lindbergh baby
kidnapped, death of Andre Maginot sponsor of Maginot Line, Olympic Games in
Los Angeles, Thomas Hampson of England establishes record 800 m run, Fascist
government in Italy begins draining Pontine Marshes southeast of Rome,
Unemployed in US reach 13.7 million, Zuider Zee (Holland) drainage project
completed, William Wrigley Jr. the chewing gum magnate dies, death of William
J Burns American detective, death of American merchant and founder of Sears
Roebuck Julius Rosenwald, Jack Sharkey of US defeats Max Schmeling (GER)
for heavyweight title, Gustav Cassel writes about money crisis, Popular musicians:
Fred Astaire and Leo reisman, Cab Calloway, Ted Lewis, Bing Crosbyor Rudy
Vallee, President Lee establishes storehouse, Paul Von Hindenburg who is
becoming senile named president of Germany – wins election over Hitler but
Hitler named Chancellor due to Nazi win in Reichstag, Antonio Salazar becomes
president of POR until 1968, Imperial Conference in Ottawa – limited trading
preference to Commonwealth, Paraguay and Bolivia at war, Disarmament
conference at Geneva achieves nothing, Portuguese finance minister Antonio de
Oliveira Salazar becomes dictator of Portugal, War between Paraguay and Bolivia
over Chaco region, John Dewey becomes America’s most prominent educational
voice and announces “new individualism” defined by associations, school districts
drop to127,300 from 355,000 high in 1900 (see 1990 for comparison)
1933 End of prohibition in US, Hitler appointed German chancellor by Hindenburg,
Nazis begin persecution of Jews, Peruvian president Sanchez Cherro assassinated
by an “aprista”, Australia takes control of large section of Antarctica, Long Beach
CA quake, Cyclone hits Mexico, Drought and famine in Kiev, Flooding in China,
Tsunami in Japan after 8.4 quake off coast kills 2990, Church leaders show mixed
reactions to New Deal, FDR meets with First Presidency. Dec - Coldest recorded
temperature in New England - Vermont reaches -50 degrees Fahrenheit, Mar - F3
tornado hits Nashville, TN, Record hurricane season with 21 storms not surpassed
until 2005, Aug - Firestorm produces tornado-like winds in OR, CAN quake 7.4,
CA quake kills 115, New Deal also benefits black artists, End of US prohibition,
Work begins on golden gate bridge, Raymond Bragg publishes Humanist
Manifesto I, New Deal, Hitler declares Third Reich and comes to power, famine
in USSR continues, Armstrong invents FM radio, death of German philosopher
Hans Vaihinger, death of Irish novelist George Augustus Moore, Lacoste fashion
company started, death of British statesman Edward Grey, death of English
novelist Anthony Hope, death of English auto engineer Henry Royce, death of
English author John Galsworthy, death of German composer and conductor Max
von Schillings, death of German poet Stefan George, death of Calvin Coolidge,
Film: King Kong, Homeless man Michael Malloy killed to collect on life
insurance policies purchased by murderers, death of #30 Calvin Coolidge, US
Congress votes for independence of Philippines, Adolf Hitler appointed German
Chancellor, Edouard Daladier becomes Premier of France, 20th amendment, First
US aircraft carrier “Ranger” launched, Reichstag fire in Berlin, FD Roosevelt
inaugurated #32, Frances Perkins becomes first woman cabinet member as
Secretary of labor, Hermann GOering named Prussian Prime Minister, American
banks close March 6-9 by presidential order, Chancellor Dollfuss suspends
parliament in Austria, US Congress grants Roosevelt wide powers, Goebbels
named Hitler’s Minister of Propaganda, Japan withdraws from League of Nations,
Hitler granted dictatorial powers (Enabling Law) first concentration camps
erected by the Nazis in Germany, Boycott of Jews in Germany, US goes off gold
standard, German labor unions suppressed, US Congress passes Agricultural
Adjustment and Federal Emergency Relief Acts, Tennessee Valley Authority
created in US, US Securities Act passed to protect investors by providing
information on new securities issues, Chicago World’s Fair (century of Progress)
opens, Nazis win Danzig elections, US National Industrial Recovery Act and
Farm Credit Act made law, Public Works Administration created in US, Naze
Party in Austria dissolved, Political parties suppressed in Germany, Assyrian
Christians massacred in Iraq, death of British statesman Edward (Lord) Grey of
Fallodon, Nazis sweep election with 92%, US recognizes USSR and resumes
trade, prohibition repealed (21st), Stavisky scandal – high-level fraus in France,
Nobel Peace Prize Norman Angell (ENG), Konrad Henlein organizes Nazi Party
in Czechoslovakia – Vidkun Quisling in Norway, Cordell Hull named US
Secretary of State and Sumner Welles undersecretary, Nikolai Yudenich the
White Russian general dies, Fiorello H La Guardia elected Mayor of New York
City defeating Tammany Hall, WRITE: Hervey Allen, James Bridie, Erskine
Caldwell, Colette, Gordon Daviot, Georges Duhamel, TS Eliot, Federico Garcia
Lorca, Trygve Gulbranssen, Knut Hamsun, Merton Hodge, Hanns Johst (Nazi
drama), Margaret Kennedy, Sidney Kingsley, Mazo de la Roche, Jack Kirkland,
Sinclair Lewis, Andre Malraux, Thomas Mann, John Masefield, Francois Mauriac,
Andre Maurois, Allan Nevins, Eugene O’Neill, George Orwell, Elmer Rice,
Kenneth Roberts, Romain Rolland, Bernard Shaw, Gertrude Stein, HG Wells,
Franz Werfel, Virginia Woolf, EW Barnes, Winston S Churchill, W Dubislaw,
cardinal von Faulhaber, R Guardini, Granville Hicks, CG Jung, W Reich, Franklin
D Roosevelt, Nathan Soderblom, CJ Jung, Leon Trotsky, AN Whitehead, German
Evangelical Church (amalgamation) established, DEATHS: John Galsworthy
(ENG), Stefan George (GER), Anthony Hope (ENG), George Augustus Moore
(IRE), Earl Derr Biggers (USA – Charlie Chan), Stella Benson (ENG), Ring
Lardner (USA), George Saintsbury (ENG), Louis Joseph Vance (USA), Hans
Vaihinger (GER), Irving Babbit (USA), Frederick Starr (USA), AH Sayce (ENG),
Warburg Institute transferred from Hamburg to London, Best seller “Lost
Horizon” by James Hilton, Nobel prize for literature Ivan Bunin (RUS),
“Ulysses” (Joyce) allowed back into US after court ruling, All books by non-Nazi
and Jewish authors burned in Germany, ART: Giacometti, Henri Matisse, W
Holden designs Senate House at London U, Kandinsky and Klee leave Germany
for France and Switzerland, Palace of the League of Nations in Geneva completed,
German art suppressed and modernism discouraged, Films: “Queen Christina”
(Garbo), Dr. Mabuse”, “Hitlerjunge Quex” (propaganda), “Dinner at Eight”
“King Kong” “14th July” “Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” “Cavalcade”, “Little Women”
(K Hepburn) “She Done Him Wrong (Mae West), Death of Edward W Kemble
(USA), George B Luks, Louis Comfort Tiffany, MUSIC: Aaron Copland, Roy
Harris, Arthur Honegger, Jerome Kern, Paul von Klenau, Richard Strauss, George
Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein found at school of American Ballet, Busch
brothers Fritz and Adolf leave Germany, Sergei Prokofiev returns to USSR,
Bruno Walter leaves to Vienna, DEATHS: Selma Kurz (AUS soprano), Max von
Schillings (GER), Vladimir de Pachmann (RUS), Andreas Dippel (GER-USA
tenor), Popular songs: “Smoke Gets in Your Eyes” “Stormy Weather” “Easter
Parade” “Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?” “Boulevard of Broken Dreams”,
SCIENCE: Anderson and Millikan discover positrons, Ludwig von Bertalanffy
writes about theoretical biology, death of French bacteriologist Albert Calmette,
Nobel Prize for physics Paul Dirac (ENG) and Erwin Schrodinger (AUS) for
discovery of new forms of atomic energy, Philo Farnsworth develops electronic
television, German scientific research hampered by Nazi interference, De Haas
reaches low temperature phenomena, Marconiphone Company manufactures allmetal radio tube, Nobel Prize – Thomas Hunt Morgan for heredity, Tadeusz
reichstein synthesizes pure vitamin C, Theory of descent from Neanderthals
rejected following discovery of Steinheim skull, Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
recognized, death of Danish explorer Knud Rasmussen, 60k artists emigrate from
Germany, First baseball all-star game played, death of Annie Besant (ENG
reformer), Heywood Broun founds American Newspaper Guild, RE Byrd begins
second South Pole expedition, Sir Malcolm Campbell reashes auto speed of
272.46 mph, Edward Chamberlin writes about monopolistic competition,
Germany four-year plan to end unemployment, Eugen Hadammovsky writes
about propaganda and Nazi theory, British planes fly over Mount Everest, death
of car designer Henry Royce, Starvation in USSR reaches disaster levels, death of
English newspaper editor Horatio W Bottomley, Edwin Armstrong introduces
Frequency modulation (FM), Popular musicians: Dick Powell or Ted Weems
(Gold Digger’s Song – We’re In The Money), Don Bestor (Who’s Afraid of the
Big Bad Wolf!), Duke Ellington, Ethel Waters (Stormy Weather), Leo Reisman
&amp; Clifton Webb, Reactivation of adult members emphasized, “Century of
Progress” fair in Chicago gives Church exposure with booth, Soviet Communist
Party purged, Hitler appointed chancellor, Burning of German Reichstag,
International economic conference in London, Germany withdraws from League
of Nations, National Socialists begin to eliminate opposition, Communist Party in
USSR purged by Stalin, Anarchis uprisings in Barcelona put down by Spanish
Government, End of Prohibition, start of mandated public schooling in US, first
proven case of sabotage when United Air Boening 247 destroyed by explosive
1934 British colonial government of Ghana suppresses radical African critics 2 years,
Communists go on Long March through China led by Mao Zedong and Zhu Du,
Opening of British oil pipeline from Kirkuk Iraq to Tripoli Syria, Mussolini meets
Hitler, Glendale CA storm and flood, Cyclone hits El Salvador, Earthquake in
Nepal _ India kills 10700, Landslides in China, Cyclone hits Japan * FDR visits
LDS in Hawaii, Apr - 231 mph winds measured at Mt. Washington NH, May Major dust storm clears midwest and darkens Chicago to Boston, Jul 1 - Worst
drought lowers Lake Tahoe to lowest level ever, "Anything Goes" debuts on
Broadway, Cuban independence finally granted from U.S. by Platt Amendment,
ending protectorate status, death of “Grandmother of Russian Revolution”
Catherine Breshkovsky, CA quake, End Holodomor famine in Ukraine killing 5
million, creation of Donald Duck, James Joyce publishes Ulysses, Edwin H
Armstrong demonstrates FM radio, death of German president of Weimar
Republic Paul von Hindenburg, Red Army under mar Zedong begins Long march,
death of English dramatist Arthur Wing Pinero, death of Dutch architect Hendrik
Petrus Berlage, death of English composer Edward Elgar, death of American
architect Cass Gilbert, Wallace Carothers at Du Pont manufactures polymer 66
(nylon), death of French statesman Raymond Poincare, death of Italian poet
Salvatore di Giacoma, death of English composer Edward German, death of
Australian author Hermann Bahr, death of Winner of Nobel prizes in 1903 and
1911 Polish-French scientist Marie Sklodowska Curie, death of German chemist
and 1918 Nobel Prize winner Fritz Haber, death of British actor-manager Gerald
du Maurier, death of English composer Gustav Holst, death of Albert I of the
Belgians, Henry Morgenthau Jr. names US Secretary of Treasury, US Gold
Reserve Act authorizes the president to revalue the dollar, US Federal Farm
Mortgage Corporation organized, A revolutionin Austria overturns the Social
Democrats, General strike staged in France, Civil Works Ermergency Relief Act
passed in US, Leopold III becomes King of the Belgians following the death of
father King Albert I, British Road Traffic Act introduces driving tests, Gandhi
suspends civil disobedience campaign in India, Oswals Mosley addresses Fascist
mass meetings in Britain, US Congress grants FDR power to conclude agreements
for reducing tariffs, Hitler and Mussolini meet in Venice, Hitler promoted blood
bath in Germany – Schleicher Rohm Strasser and others assassinated, Austrian
Chancellor Engelbert Sollfuss assassinated by Nazis, Kurt von Schuschnigg
appointed Austrian Chancellor, Starhemberg Vice Chancellor, death of Paul von
Hindenburg, German plebiscite votes for Hitler as Fuhrer, USSR admitted to
League of Nations, King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French Foreign Minister
Louis Barthou assassinated in Marseilles, death of Franch statesman Raymond
Poincare, Prince Paul named Regent of Yugoslavia, German Labor Front founded,
Depressed areas bill introduced in Britain, Winston Churchill warns British
parliament of German air menace, Stalin’s close collaborator Serge Kirov
assassinated in Leningrad – purge of Communits Party begins, Japan renounces
Washington treaties of 1922 and 1930, WRITE: Jean Anouulh,, Louis Aragon,
James Hilton, Alexander Woollcott, John Buchan, Pearl S Buck, Agatha Christie,
Jean Cocteau, F Scott Fitzgerald, Jean Giono, Jean Giraudoux, Robert Graves,
Julian Green, Graham Greene, Gerhart Hauptmann, John Knittel, Halper Leivick,
Sinclair Lewis, Andre Maurois, Sean O’Casey, John O’Hara, Eugene O’Neill,
Ruth Benedict, Martin Buber, Karl Buhler, R Carnap, Lionel Curtis, Albert
Einstein, JE Neale, Ezra Pound, JB Priestley, Elmer Rice, William Saroyan,
Upton Sinclair, Harold Nicolson, R Niebuhr, Max Picard, Bertrand Russell,
William temple, Arnold Toynbee, DEATHS: Hermann Bahr (AUS), Gerald du
Maurier (ENG), Sir Arthur Wing Pinero (ENG), Pietro Gasparri (ITA), Joachim
Ringelnatz (GER), Bestsellers “Goodbye Mr. Chips” “While Rome Burns”, Louis
Joubet takes over the management of the Theatre de l’Athene in Paris, Lazar
Goldschmidt finishes German translation of Babylonian Talmud, Nobel Prize for
Literature Luigi Pirandello, First Soviet Writer’s Congress held in Moscow,
Oxford History of England published, ART: Salvador Dali, John Dewey, John
Piper, Stanley Spencer, DEATHS: HP Berlage (DUT), Roger Fry (ENG), John
Collier (ENG), Harrison Fisher (USA), Cass Gilbert (USA architect), Films “The
Lost Patrol” “Ot Happened One Night” (Capra), “Design for Living” “The Last
Millionaire” “LE Grand jeu” “OF Human Bondage” “The Thin Man” “Man of
Aran” “The Private Life of Henry VIII”, Wornum the Royal Institute of British
Architects Building made in London, MUSIC: Benjamin Britten, Noel Coward,
Paul Hindemith, Arthur Honegger, Franz Lehar, Cole Porter (Anything Goes),
Dimitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky, Virgil Thomson, Rachmaninoff, DEATHS:
Frederick Delius (ENG), Edward Elgar (ENG), Gustav Holst (ENG), Franz
Schreker (AUS), Otakar Sevcik (CZE), Philip Hale (USA), John Christie founds
Glyndebourne operatic festival, Popular Songs, ”Blie Moon” “The Continental”
“Stars Fell on Alabama” “All Through the Night”, SCIENCE: Asolph Butenandt
isolates first crystalline male hormone androsterone, refrigeration process for
meat devised, death of Marie Curie (POL-FRA), Enrico Fermi suggests that
neutrons and protons are same particles intwo states, Alexander Fleming writes
about vaccines, death of Fritz Hager German chemist, Noble prized for medicine
for overcoming anemia, First Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) expedition fails to reach
summit, Phthalocyanide dyes are prepared, US physicist Isidor Isaac Rabi begins
work on atomic and molecular beam magnetic resonance method for observing
radio-range frequencies, Nobel Prize for Chemistry Harold Urey for discovery of
heavy hydrogen, Max Baer – heavyweight boxing title, W Bebee descends over
3000 feet into ocean off of Bermuda, Evangeline Booth elected General of
Salvation Army, British Iron and Steel Federation established, Gordonstoun
School founded, Grassglockner Alpine Road in Austria opened, death of
American banker Otto H Kahn, Joe Louis wins first fight, largest ship to that time
the SS Normandie (FRA) launched, Osoaviakhim the USSR balloon ascends 13
miles into stratosphere, birth of Dionne quintuplets, “Morro castle” burns and
sinks off Asbury Park NJ killing 130, SS Queen mary launched, FBI shoots John
Dillinger “Public Enemy No. 1”, Wavelengths of European broadcasting stations
altered to conform with recommendations of Lucerne Committee, FCC created by
Communications Act, Popular musicians: Guy Lombardo (Winter Wonderland),
Paul Whiteman (Smoke Gets In Your Eyes), Ben Selvin or others (I Only Have
Eyes For You), Benny Goodman, Chick Webb, Eng of “Century of Progress” fair
in Chicago, attempted Nazi coup in Austria, Conflict between Italian Somaliland
and Ethiopia leads to Italian Abyssinian Campaign, Mao Tse-tung’s Long March,
Hitler becomes Fuhrer, Austrian chancellor Dollfuss killed by Nazis, Hindenburg
dies, Balkan Pact formed among Turkey Greece Romania and Yugoslavia,
1935 End of Chaco war between Bolivia and Paraguay, Government of India Act
passes for autonomy starting 1937, US Social Security Act, Labour government
elected in New Zealand, Dodge City KS drought, Matcumbe Key FL hurricane,
Newfoundland cyclone, Flooding in Haiti, earthquake in Pakistan, Charles Richter
invents earthquake scale, Apr- 27 days of dust storms in Amarillo TX, Apr- worst
dust storm in Dodge City KS, Gershwin's "Porgy and Bess" debuts, death of
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. the Justice of the Supreme Court, Can quake 6.2
Taiwan quake 7.1 kills 3279, Yangtzee river flood kills 145,000, Count Basie
starts the Big Band jazz sound, Nylon invented, GE introduces fluorescent lights,
Amelia Earhart flies from Honolulu to Oakland, death of German impressionist
painter Max Liebermann, Nuremberg Laws further persecutions in Germany of
Jews, Robert Watson-Watt invents radar in Britain, death of French author Paul
Bourget, death of French composer Paul Dukas, death of Irish poet GW Russell,
death of Polish soldier and statesman Joseph Pilsudski, death of French novelist
Henri Barbusse, death of Canadian physiologist discoverer of insulin and winner
of 1923 Nobel Prize JJR Macleod, death of Alexander Moissi German writer,
death of Austrian composer Alban Berg, death of TE Lawrence (of Arabia) age 47,
Movie: Bride of Frankenstein, Mustafa kemal President of Turkey adopts name
Kemal Ataturk, Anglo-Indian trade pact signed, Germany – the Saarland
incorporated following a plebiscite – Nazis repudiate Versailled treaty and
reintroduce compulsory military service – Stresa Conference –Anglo-German
Naval Agreement – Neuremberg laws agains Jews, Show trials take place in
Russia, USSR concludes treaties with France, Czechoslovakia and US and Turkey,
Silver Jubilee Celebrations held in Britain, Laval elected French Premier, Stanley
balswin forms National Government In Britain, Mussolini rejects Anthony Eden’s
concessions over Anyssinia and invades Abyssinia – League Council declares
Italy aggressor and imposes sanctions, Anti-Hapsburg laws abolished in Austria,
Roosevelt signs Social Security Act, Huey Long assassinated by Dr. Carl Weiss in
Louisiana Capitol Building, Wealth tax Act passes in US, King George II returns
to Greece, Schuschnigg and Starhemberg stage anti-Heimwehr coup in Vienna,
Milan Hodza becomes premier of Czechoslovakia – TG Masaryk resigns as
president and is succeeded by Eduard Benes, Chiang Kai-shek named president of
Chinese executive, Hoare-Laval plan on Abyssinia published – Samuel Hoare
resigns and Eden appointed British Foreign secretary, Nobel Peace Prize antiNazi German author Carl bon Ossietzky, death of Polish general and statesman
Josef Pilsudski, Rama VIII Ananda Mahidon becomes King of Siam, fascist
organization Corix de Feu founded in France, German Luftwaffe formed, Persia
changes named to Iran, death of American jurist Oliver Wendell Holmes, WRITE:
Zoe Akins, Auden Isherwood, Ivy Compton-burnett, Cyril Connolly, Clarence
Day, Walter de la Mare, Andre malraux, TS Eliot, James T Farrell, Clifford Odets,
Robert E Sherwood, Emlyn Williams, AJ Cronin, Jean Giradoux, Sinclair Lewis,
Thomas Wolfe, Graham Greene, George Santayana, John Steinbeck, Sidney and
Beatrice Webb, RH Hidgkin, JBS Haldane, Karl Jaspers, Karl Barth, DEATHS:
GW Russell (IRE), Henri barbusse (FRA), Kurt Tucholsky (GER), Alexander
Moissi (GER), Paul Bourget (FRA), London publisher Victor Gollancz founds
Left Book Club, ART: Salvador Dali (Giraffe on Fire), Russell Flint, Stanley
Spencer, Jacob Epstein, DEATHS Max Liebermann, Paul Signac (FRA), Gaston
Lachaise, Childe Hassam, Exhibition of Chinese art at Burlington House in
London, Films “Anna Kerenina” (Garbo), “David Copperfield” “Mutiny on the
Bounty” (Clark Gable), “Becky Sharp” “Pasteur” “Toni” “The 39 Steps”
(Hitchcock), “The Informer”, MUSIC: Gershwin (Porgy and Bess), Stravinsky,
Jazz fades and Swing becomes popular, death of Austrian composer Alban Berg,
Electric Hammond organs become popular in the US, Stravinsky composes,
Popular songs: “Begin the Beguine” “The Music Goes ‘Round and ‘Round” “I
Got Plenty o’ Nothin’” “It Ain’t Necessarily So” “Just One of Those Things”,
SCIENCE: radar equipment to detect aircraft built by Watson and Watt, German
chemist Gerhard Domagk announced discovery of Prontosil the first sulfa drug
for treating strep, Oil pipelines between Iraq Haifa and Tripolis opened, Longest
bridge in world opened iver the lower Zambesi, Nobel Prize for Chemistry
Frederic and Irene Joliot-Curie for synthesis of new radioactive elements, death of
Russian naturalist Ivan Matshurin, death of Dutch botanist Hugo De Vries, death
of American Egyptologist James Henry Breasted, British Council founded, Bank
of Canada established, Malcolm Campbell drives “Bluebird” 276.8 mph at
Daytona FL, Rumba becomes fashionable, Moscow subway opened, Alcoholics
Anonymous organized in New York City, CIO (Congress of Industrial
Organizations) organized by John L Lewis, “Omaha” wins triple crown, Popular
musicians: Shirley Temple, Fred Astaire, Glen Gray (Blue Moon), (You’re The
Top) Cole Porter, Leo Reisman, Church-wide welfare started, Church organized
into regions of stakes, Church media program starts, Italian troops invade
Ethiopia in the Abyssinian Campaign – lands remain conquered until WWII, India
Act – provincial councils, Hitler renounces Treaty of Versailles – policy of
rearmament, Failure of League of Nations to intervene, Nuremberg Laws –
Persecution of Jews begins in Germany, Monarchy restored in Greece, Persia
officially balled Iran,
1936 Bad year for tornadoes in US, end of British suppression of Ghana speakers,
Representation of Natives Act denies South African blacks political equality,
general strike in Syria – France grants Syria home rule, Germany invades
Rhineland region on French-Belgian border, civil war in Spain until ’39,
Arbitration Court of New Zealand fixes wages, Death of George V of England,
Edward VIII crowned and abdicates, George VI reigns, Tupelo MS tornado *
FDR and Eleanor meet in Utah for funeral of secretary of war (former UT
governor) George H. Dern, Heber J. Grant encourages votes against FDR – wins
anyway, Chinese famine kills 5 million, Six weeks of below zero temps in ND,
Apr- tornado in Tupelo, MS dropped in Cherokee AL, Apr - Gaineville GA
tornadoes, Jesse Owens wins four gold medals, FDR reelection marks change in
black voting from Republican to Democrat, Roosevelt appoints Mary McLeod
Bethune to Office of Minority Affairs, Keynes publishes about money, “Green
Hornet” debuts on radio, Japanese army kills 10,000 by testing anthrax cholera
typhoid and plague on humans in occupied Manchuria, Spanish Civil war begins,
death of English poet AE Housman, “Aloha” shirt patented by Ellery J Chun,
death of Greek statesman Eleutherios Venizelos, death of English author Rudyard
Kipling, death of Russian composer Alexander Glazunov, death of French
bacteriologist and 1928 Nobel Prize winner Charles Nicolle, death of 1934 Nobel
Prize winner and Italian dramatist Luigi Pirandello, death of Russian author
Maxim Gorki, death of German architect Hans Poelzig, death of aviation pioneer
Louis Bieriot, death of English singer Clara Butt, death of English author GK
Chesterton, death of Italian author and 1928 Nobel Prize winner Grazia Deledda,
death of German philosopher Oswald Spengler, death of Spanish author Federico
Garcia Lorca the Spanish author, death of Richard Loeb (see 1924) in prison,
French premier Laval replaced by Albert Sarraut – later replaced by Leon Blum,
Koki Hirota named Premier of Japan, German troops occupy Rhineland –
elections in Germany give Hitler 99% of vote – Four-Year Plan inaugurated, Italy
Austria and Hungary sign Rome Pace, Britain France and US Sign London Naval
convention, death of King Fuad of Egypt succeded by son Farouk, Arah High
Committee formed to combat Jewish claims, Abyssinian War ends and Italy
annexes the country – King Victor Emmanuel proclaimed Emperor of Abyssinia,
Schuschnigg the Austrian chancellor becomes leader of Fatherland Frint, Count
Ciano Mussolini’s son-in-law appointed Italian Foreign minister, Austro-German
convention acknowledges Austrian independence, Spanish Civil War begins in
July – Junta de Defensa Nacional set up in Burgos – Franco captures Badajoz –
Franco appointed Chief of State by insurgents and siege of Madrid begins –
Spanish government moves to Valencia, Chiang Kai-shek enters Canton, Frande
devalues franc – Italy devalues lira, Oswald Mosley leads anti-Jewish march to
Whitechapel London and is driven out, Gossip begins in London about King
Edward VIII’s relationship with Mrs. Wallis Simpson, Mussolini and Hitler
proclaim Rome-Berlin Axis, FDR reelected, Anti-Comintern Pact signed by
Germany and Japan, King Edward VIII abdicates and is succeeded by brother
George VI – Edward named Duke of Windsor, Chiang Kai-shek declares war on
Japan, Trotsky exiled from Russia – settles in Mexico, Germany begins building
Siegfried Line, WRITE: Maxwell Anderson, WH Auden, Maurice Baring,
Georges Bernanos, Dorothea Brande, Dale Carnegie (How to Win Friends and
Influence People), Walter D Edmonds, John Gunther, F Scott Fitzgerald, Aldous
Huxley, Margaret Mitchell (Gone With The Wind), Montherlant, Charles Morgan,
Dylan Thomas, Terence Rattigan, Armand Salacrou, Irwin Shaw, Robert E
Sherwood, Winifred Holtby (posth), Kaufman and Hart (You Can’t Take It With
You), Jean Anouilh, John Knittel, Robert P Tristam Coffin, Robert Frost, Tristan
Tzara, Lancelot Hogben, JM Keynes, John Strachey, HAL Fisher, AJ Ayer,
Sigmund Freud, Beatrice Webb, Nobel Prize literature Eugene O’Neill, DEATHS:
Rudyard Kipling, AE Housuman (ENG), GK Chesterton (ENG), Maxim Gorky
(RUS), Luigi Pirandello (ITA), Federico Garcia Lorca (ESP), Miguel de
Unamuno (ESP), Oswald Generer, Allen Lane founds Penguin Books, ART:
Laura Knighht, Mondriaan, Gropius and Fry design film studios in ENG,
American painter Lyonel Feininger returns from Germany to New York, death of
German architect Hans Poelzig, Nazi expo of “Degenerate Art”, Films: “ Modern
Times” (Chaplin), “Things to Come”, “Mr. Deeds Goes to Town” (Capra), “Fury”,
“San Francisco” (Gable), “The Ghost Goes West” “Intermezzo” (Ingrid Bergman),
“The Great Ziegfeld”, MUSIC: Richard Strauss, Constant Lambert, Richard
Rodgers and Lorenz Hart, Samuel Barber, death of Ottorino Respighi (ITA),
Popular Songs: “It’s De-lovely” “Wiffenpoof Song” “I’m an Old Cowhand (from
the Rio Grande)”, “Is it True What They Say About Dixie?” “I Can’t Get Started
With You” “Pennies From Heaven” SCIENCE: death of Ivan Pavlov, German
diesel-electric vessel “Wupperthal” launched, Philipp Fauth writes about the
moon, death of American pioneer in military aircraft William Mitchell, Bouder
(Hoover) dam on Colorado River NV/AZ completed creating Lake Mead, Nobel
Prize Cark David Anderson for positron and Victor Francis Hess for cosmic
radiation, Dr. Alexis carrel develops artificial heart, Dirigible “Hindenburg” lands
at Lakehurst NH after transatlantic flight, Fird Goundation established, London U
moves to Bloomsbury, Mrs. Amy Mollison flies from England to S Africa,
Olympic Games held in Germany – Jesse Owens wins four gold medals, Len
Hutton emerges as England’s leading cricket player, death of French flier Louis
Bleriot, BBC London inaugurates television service, Henry Luce begins
publishing “Life”, Baseball Hall of Fame founded in Cooperstown NY, Bruno
Richard Hauptman convicted of kidnapping Lindbergh baby, Floods sweep
Johnstown PA, BBC debuts with three hours a day of programming, Popular
musicians: Bing Crosby, Fred Astaire (The Way You Look Tonight), Tommy
Dorsey, Benny Goodman, First Australopithecus skull discovered, last public
execution and hanging in US, Church-wide welfare launched, 35.9 percent
unemployment in UT, Deseret Club the forerunner of LDSSA started in CA,
Mormon Elders invited to coach the German basketball team for Olympics,
Socialists rule Spain – Morocco starts rebellion, Ethiopia conquered by Italy,
Death of George V of Britain Abdication of Edward VIII, Spanish Civil War to
1939, George VI King of Britain, Italians take Addis Ababa – annex Ethiopia,
Germany reoccupies Rhineland, Franco military revolt against Spanish
government begins Spanish Civil War – Italy and Germany support rebels and
Soviets aid Republicans, Agreement between Italy and Germany – start of Axis,
SPAM the meat product named
1937 8 years of droughts in SW Australia begins, last of six years of drought in US
great plains, End of dictatorship of Getulio Vargas in Brazil, India has selfautonomy, conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine, Undeclared war in
China and Japan until 1945, Eamonn de Valera becomes prime minister of Ireland,
US National Labor Relations Act, New Zealand National Party formed in
opposition to Labour Party, Fire in Australia, eruption in New Guinea, death of
American industrialist John D Rockefeller, 7.3 AK quake, Joe Lewis wins
heavyweight boxing title, Keyes publishes regarding money, radiometric dating
invented, radio telescope put into operation, Turing machine (computer/simulator)
invented, death of French composer and organist Charles Marie Widor, death of
American statesman Elihu Root, death of first Czechoslovakian president Tomas
Garrigue Masaryk, Japanese invade China, Picasso's "Guernica", nylon patented
(see 1934), death of Scottish dramatist and writer of Peter Pan J.M. Barrie, death
of American author Edith Wharton, death of British statesman Austen
Chamberlain, death of British statesman James Ramsay MacDonald, death of
Austrian psychiatrist Alfred Adler, death of English scientist and 1908 Nobel
Prize winner Ernest Rutherford, death of Italian physicist Guglielmo Marconi,
death of French composer Maurice Ravel, death of English novelist John
Drinkwater, Poland refuses to sign agreement to return Danzig to Germany,
Amnesty declared for illegal Austrian Nazia, Moscow show trial against Karl
radek and other political leaders takes place – purge of USSR generals – Marshal
Tukhachevsky executed, George VI crowned King of Great Britain – broadcast of
ceremonies first worldwide program heard in the US, Spanish rebels take Malaga
destroy Guernica and Gijon – Spanish government moves to Barcelona – Franco
begins naval blockade – government troops open offensive at teruel, All-India
Congress Party wins elections, Mussolini visits Libya and Berlin, death of British
statesman Austen Chamberlain, Italy and Yugoslavia sign Belgrade Pact,
Schuschnigg and Mussolini meet in Venice, FDR signs US Neutrality Act,
Imperial Conference held in London, Stanley Baldwin retires – Neville
Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister of Britain, Prince Konoye named Japanese
Premier – aggressive Japanese war policy begins, Lein Blum resigns and Camille
Chautemps becomes French Premier, death of US political figure Elihu Root,
Japanese seize Peking Tientsin Shanghai Nanking and Hangchow – Chiang Kaishek unites with Communists – led by Mao Tse-tung and Chou En-lai – Chinese
government makes Chungking its capital, Royal Commission on Palestine
recommends the establishment of Arab and Jewish states, Britain signs naval
agreements with Germany and the USSR, President Roosevelt appoints Hugo
Black to Supreme Court, Bakr Sidqi of Iraq assassinated, Germany guarantees
inciolability of Belgium, Wall Street declines again, US Supreme Court rules in
favor of minimum wage law fir women, Sitdown strikes involve about 500k
people in US, Riots in Sudeten area of Czechoslovakia – Sudeten Germans leave
Czech parliament, Italy joins anti-Comintern Pact, Lord Halifax visits Hitler –
beginning of policy of appeasement, Italy withdraws from League of Nations,
Japanese planes sink US gunboat Panay in Chinese waters, Aden becomes British
Crown Colony, Strike against Republic Steel in Chicago – 4 killed and 84 hurt,
death of first president of Czechoslovakia Tomas Garrigue Masaryk, WRITERS:
AUsen and Isherwood, Van Wyck Brooks, John Dos Passos, Ernest Hemingway,
Malraux, John P Marquand, Allan Nevins, Clifford Odets, George Orwell, Sartre,
John Steinbeck (Of Mice and Men), Giradoux, Laurence Housman, JB Priestley,
Kenneth Wharton, AJ Cronin, Compton Mackenzie, Walter Lippmann, Seebohm
Rowntree, Aldous Huxley, Karen Horney, Deaths: John Drinkwater (ENG), JM
Barrie (SCO), Edith Wharton (USA), Adele Sandrock (GER), Martin Niemoller a
Protestant parson of Berlin interned in concentration camp by Hitler, ART:
Picasso (Guernica), Jacob Pestein, Klee, Joan Miro, Georges Braque, Paul Mellon
endows National gallery in DS, Albert Speer becomes Hitler’s chief architect,
Films: “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” (Disney), “Elephant Boy” “Un
Carnet de Bal” “Dead End” “La Grande Illusion” “Camille” (Garbo), “Life of
Emile Zola”, MUSIC: Stravinsky, Shostakovich, Jaromir Weinberger, Rodgers
and Hart, Harold Rome, Paul von Klenau, Carl Orff (Carmina Burana), Deaths:
Maurice Ravel, George Gershwin, Albert Roussel, Israel Philharmonic founded in
Tel Aviv, Popular songsL “Bei Mir Bist Du Schon” “The Lady is a Tramp”
“Whistle While You Work””A Foggy Day in London Town” “The Dipsy
Doodle” “Harbor Lights” “It’s Nice Work If You Can Get It” “I’ve Got My Love
To Keep Me Warm”, SCIENCE: Insulin used to control diabetes, Crystalline
vitamin A and K concentrates first obtained, Wallace H Carothers patents nylon
for du Pont, First jet engine built by Frank Whittle, Marietta Blau examines
cosmic radiation using photographic plate, Bonneville Dam on Columbia River
OR opens, Matrimonial Causes Bill facilitates divorce proceedings in England,
Amelia Earhart lost on Pacific flight, ARP introduced in England, Lincoln Tunnel
opened between New York City and New Jersey, Lord Nuffield founds his
college at Oxford, Disaster of “Hindenburg” at Lakehurst described in forst
transcontinental radio broadcast, Franch armament factories nationalized, Golden
Gate Bridge opened, death of German general Erich Ludendorff, death of John D
Rockerfeller, EA Filene, Andrew Mellon businessmen, London Bus Strike, Duke
of Windsor marries Mrs. Wallis Simpson, two London papers merge, Joe Louis
regains heabyweight boxing title, Billy Butlin opens first commercial holiday
camp in Britain, “”War Admiral” wins triple crown, Deaths: Lord Ernest
Rutherford, Marconi, Edgar Bergen and puppet Charlie McCarthy debut on
television popular musicians: Count Basie, Frances Langford or Claude Thornhill,
Fred Astaire (They Can’t Take That Away From Me), Eddy Duchin (De-lovely),
Tommy Dorsey or Sophie Tucker, Year’s Supply of food challenge, Hill
Cumorah pageant started, Saints counseled to avoid debt, “A Marvelous Work
and A Wonder” published, Hindenburg disaster, Japan invades China anc capture
Shanghai and Peking, German planes bomb Guernica Spain, Coalition
government in Britain under Chamberlain, Japanese invade China – capture
Shanghai and Peking, Britain adopts policy of appeasement
1938 Conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine, Hitler compels Austria to form
union with Germany, Munich crisis – France and Britain agree to allow Hitler to
partition Czechoslovakia, Mexico takes over British and British oil companies in
Mexico, Long Island NY cyclone, Tom “Tennessee” Williams arrives in New
Orleans,
Jun - 49 dies when cloudburst derails train in MT, HI quake 6.8,
AK quake 8.2, Indonesia offshore quake 8.5, Yellow River flood kills between
500,000 and 700k, US minimum wage law instituted – set at 25 cents per hour,
NAACP appoints Thurgood Marshall as special counsel, Ella Fitzgerald has first
major hit, Laszlo Biro invents ballpoint pen, Louis Armstrong records “When the
Saints Go Marching In”, Orson Welles broadcasts “War of the Worlds”, Neville
Chamberlain predicts “peace in our time” while signing agreement with Adolph
Hitler, Germany takes Austria, Munich Pact, Mexico nationalizes oil, Welles
"War of the Worlds", death of Austrian philosopher Edmund Husserl, Levi
registers cloth pocket tab as trademark, death of Italian poet Gabriele D’Annunzio,
death of Russian theater producer Constantin Stanislavsky, death of German
sculptor Ernst Barlach, death of Leo Frobenius the German ethnologist founder of
the doctrine of culture stages, death of Russian singer Feodor Chaliapin, death of
Turkish statesman Kemal Ataturk, death of Czech author Karel Capek, death of
American author Thomas Wolfe, Japanese enter Tsingtao install Chinese puppet
government in Nanking withdraw from League and take Canton and Hankow,
Hitler appoints self war Minister – Ribbentrop Foreign Minister meets
Schuschnigg at Berchtesgaden and marches into Austria – Mussolini and Hitler
meet in Rome – Pogroms in Germany, Sudenten Germans in Czechoslovakia
demand autonomy – first Czechoslovakia crisis – Tunciman visits Prague and
reports in favor of Nazi claims – Germany mobilizes and France calls up
reservists – Chamberlain meets Hitler at Berchtesgaden and Godesberg – Hodza
resigns from Czech cabinet – Munich conference takes place in Sep – Germany
occupies Sudetenland, Franco recaptures Teurel takes Vinaroz and begins
offensive in Catalonia, Edin resigns in protest against Chamberlain’s policy –
Churchill leads country’s outcry – Duff Cooper resigns as first Lord of the
Admiralty – President Benes resigns – Slovakia and Ruthenia granted autonomy –
Hungary annexes south Slovakia – Emil Hacha installed as puppet President of
Czeshoslovakia, USSR show trials condemn Bukharin Rykov and Jagoda, Martin
Dies chairs House Un-American Activities Committee, King George VI visits
Paris, Anti-Jewish legislation enacted in Italy, death of Kemal Ataturk and Ismet
Inonu becomes president of Turkey, Keitel Guderian and Halder become the new
leaders of the German army, death of US Supreme Court Justice Benjamin
Cardozo, President Roosevelt sends appeal to Hitler and Mussolini to settle
European problems amicably, US Supreme Court rules that U of MO Law School
must admit Negroes due to lack of other facilities in area, Stanley F Reed
appointed to Supreme Court, President Roosevelt recalls American ambassador to
Germany - Germany recalls ambassador to US, WRITE: Stuart Chase, Cyril
Connolly, Daphne du Maurier, William Faulkner, Rachel Field, Graham Greene,
Christopher Isherwood, Philip Barry, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings (The Yearling),
Robert Sherwood, Thornton Wilder (Our Town), Emlyn Williams, Richard
Wright, Sinclair Lewis, Robert Benchley, Ernest Hemingway, Robinson Jeffers,
John gould Fletcher, Archibald MacLeish, David Lloyd George, Johan Huizinga,
Lewis Mumford, Edwyn Bewan, John Dewey, Alfred North Whitehead, George
Santayana, Deaths: Gabriele D’Annunzio, Constantin Stanislavsky, Karel Capek
(CZE), Owen Wister, Thomas Wolfe (USA), Edmund Husserl (AUS), ART:
Raoul Dufy, Frank Lloyd Wright builds Taliesin West in Phoenix, Walter Gropius
and Marcel Breuer design Haggerty House in MA, The Cloisters built in upper
Manhattan as branch of Metropolitain Museum, death of German sculptor Ernst
Barlach, Oskar Kokoschka leaves Germany and settles in England, Films:
“Pygmalion” “Le Quai des Brumes” “Alexander Nevski” “The Lady Vanishes”
(Hitchcock), “Bank Holiday” “You Can’t Take It With You”, death of William
Glackens, MUSIC: Honegger, Bela Bartok, Gian Carlo Menotti, Richard Strauss,
Werner Egk, Kurt Weill, Walter Piston, DEATHS: Feodor Chaliapin, Benny
Goodman adds big band style to swing, Harvard grants honorary degree to black
singer Marian Anderson, Popular Songs: “Flat Foot Floogie with a Floy Floy”
“September Song” “A Tisket A Tasket” “Jeepers Creepers” “Falling in Love with
Love” “You Must Have Been A Beautiful Baby”, SCIENCE: Franz Boas writes
about general anthropology, Albert Einstein and Leopold Infeld writes about the
evolution of physics, Lajos Biro invents ballpoint pen (HUN), Perlon invented,
Lancelot Hogben writes about science for the citizen, Grote Reber receives short
waves from Milky Way, Karter Salomon and Fritzsche chemically identify
vitamin E, isolation of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), Women’s Voluntary Services
founded in Britain by Lady Reading, Bartlett Dam in AZ completed, Clarence
Darrow the lawyer dies, Gas masks issued to British civilians during the Munich
crisis, 40-hour workweek established in US< Lambeth Walk becomes fashionable
dance, Howard Hughes flies around world, SS Queen Elizabeth launched, Edward
Hulton starts “Picture Post”, JJohn Warde jumps after almost 12 hours on ledge of
Gotham Hotel in New York, War of the World debuts, “Information Please” quiz
show debuts on radio, Artists “Whiltle While You Work” Artie Shaw, Benny
Goodman, Andrews Sisters, (Shortenin’ Bread and Bei Mir Bist Du Schoen),
Coelacanth discovered, Church education emphasized, Deseret Industries opens,
Church schools brought under 1st Presidency leadership, Czechoslovakia divided
with part to Germany and part for Slavs if Hitler agrees to peace, Law in US
declares 16 the minimum work age and education becomes mandatory, Germany
annexes Austria, Munich pact – Germany gains Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia,
Killer hurricane in New England kills over 680
1939 Yellow River floods, end of civil war in Spain, South Africa declares war on
Germany, Stalin and Hitler agree to divide Poland, Germany invades Poland,
Robert Menzies becomes Australian prime minister, Earthquake in Chile,
Earthquake in Turkey, flood and famine in China, treasure of Anglo-Saxon king
Ethelhere discovered, Sep - The "El Cordonazo" tropical storm hits between Los
Angeles and San Diego, "The Wizard of Oz" debuts on film, 7.8 Turkey quake
kills 32,700, 50k word novel written by Wright without a single letter “e”, Ernest
Heinkel flies first jet aircraft, WWII begins when Germany invades Poland, Hahn
of Germany discovers fission, first helicopter, Steinbeck's "Grapes of Wrath",
death of Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud, death of English actor-manager Sir
Frank Benson, bras first sold with cup sizes, death of Irish poet and 1923 Nobel
Prize winner William Butler Yeats, death of English author Ford Madox Ford,
death of English novelist Ethel M Dell, Death of Dutch-German-American
aircraft designer Anthony Fokker, death of German dramatist Ernst Toller,
Roosevelt asks Congress for $552 million for defense and demands assurances
from Hitler and Mussolini that they will not attack, Chamberlain and Halifax visit
Rome, Walther Funk replaces Dr. Schacht as President of German Reichsbank,
Germany occupies Bohemia and Moravia places Slovakia under “protection”
annexes Memel renounces nonaggression pact with Poland and naval agreement
with England and concludes 10-year alliance with Italy and nonaggression pact
with USSR, Japanes occupy Hainan and blockade British concession at tientsin –
US renounces Japanese trade agreement of 1911, Britain and France recognize
Franco’s government – US recognition follows – Spanish civil war ends Spain
joins anti-Comintern Pact and leaves League of nations, Italy invades Albania,
Hungary qyits League of nations, Conscription adopten in Britain, Molotov
succeeds Litvinov as USSR Commissar for Foreign Affairs, King George VI and
Queen Elizabeth visit US, England and Poland sign trety of mutual assistance,
women and children evacuated from London, death of US industrialist Charles
Schwab, WWII – Germany invades Poland and annexes Danzig (Sep 1) Britain
and France declare war on Germany – US declares neutrality – Winston Churchill
becomes first Lord of the Admiralty – Germans sink the “Athenia” off Ireland –
Smuts becomes Premier of S Africa – Germans overrun W Poland and reach
Brest-Litovsk and Warsaw – USSR invades Poland from east – British
Expeditionary Force of 158k troops sent to France, Britain and France reject
Hitler’s peace feelers – HMS Royal Oak sunk – USSR invades Finland and is
expelled from the League – Battle of the River Plate – hans Frank named Nazi
Governor-General of Poland – Ernst Udet General of the Luftwaffe – von Papen
ambassador to Turkey, After 1938 recession US economy begins to recover and
by autumn is booming from orders of European orders for war supplies, US
Supreme Court rules sitdown strikes are illegal, Coal strike by United Mine
Workers demonstrates power of john L Lewis, President Roosebelt appoints
William O Douglas and Felix Frankfurter to Supreme Court, WRITE: Russel
Crouse and Howard Lindsay, Robert Graves, John Gunther, Adolf Hiter (Mein
Kampf English translation), James Joyce, Richard Llewellyn (How Green Was
My Valley), Thomas Mann, John Steinbeck (The Grapes of Wrath), Jan Struther,
TS Eliot, William Saroyan, George S Kaufman and Moss Hart (The Man Who
Came to Dinner), Anna Seghers, Eric Ambler, CS Forester, Andre Gide, SaintExupery, Carl Van Doren, Karl Haushofer, EH Carr, Serge Chakotin, John Dewey,
Arthur Eddington, Charles Sherrington, HW Briggs, Jose Ortega y Gasset, Pope
Pius XI dies and Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli elected Pope Pius XII, Methodist
Church rent by schisms of 1830 and 44 reunited, death of WB Yeats (IRE), death
of German dramatist Ernst Tolelr, death of US journalist Heywood Broun, death
of English author Ford Madox Ford, death of English novelist Ethel M Dell, death
of English actor FR Benson, Havelock Ellis (ENG), ART: Laura Knight, Picasso,
Stanley Spencer, Graham Sutherland, Jacob Epstein, Lyonel Feininger,
Kandinsky, Henry Moore, Utrillo, death of American actor Douglas Fairbanks,
Frank Lloyd Wright’s design for Johnson Wax Company building becomes a
reality, Films: “Ninotchka” (Garbo) “Gone With The Wind” “Goodbye Mr.
Chips” “The Wizard of Oz” “Stagecoach” MUSIC: Rodgers and Hart, Aaron
Copland, Carl ORff, Ivor Novello, Cole Porter, Myra Hess organizes National
Gallery lunchtime concerts in London, England war songs “Roll out the Barrel”
(Czech), “Hang Out the Washing on the Siegfried Lin” “The Last Time I Saw
Paris” – in Germany “Wir fahren gegen England” “Bomben auf England” “Lili
Marlene” Popular Songs: “God Bless America” “Three Little Fishes” “Over the
Rainbow” “Beer Barrel Polka” “I’ll Never Smile Again”, “Grandma Moses”
becomes famous in US (Anna M Robertson), SCIENCE: Hahn and Strassman
obtain barium isotopes by bombarding uranium with neutrons, Joliot-Curie
demonstrates possibility of splitting atom, Paul Muller synthesizes DDT,
Polyethylene invented, Sigmund Freud dies, Igor Sikorsky constructs first
helicopter, Ernest O Lawrence wins Nobel Prize for development of cyclotron,
Philip Levine and Tufus Stetson discover Rh factor of blood, Edwin H Armstrong
invents FM frequency modulation, ++ BOAC founded, Malcolm Campbell
establishes water speed record of 368.85 mph, Pan-American airways begins
flights between US and Europe on “Dixie Clipper”, Frank Buchman reforms
Oxford Group as Moral Re-Armament, first televised baseball game, Earthqyake
in Anatolia claims 45k, Anglo-Saxon burial ship excavated in Suffolk, Balloons
used as barriers against air attacks in Britain, Radar stations used in Britain to
give early warning of approaching aircraft, Nylon stockings first appear, Australia
wins Davis Cup from US, Batman cartoon debuts, artists: Judy Garland, Kate
Smith, Kay Kyser, Louis Armstrong, Glenn Miller, Missionaries evacuated from
Europe – some miraculously – just before Hitler invades Poland, US Transatlantic
air mail begins, King George VI becomes first British monarch to visit US, NaziSoviet Pact, Nationalists under Franco capture Barcelona, Germany annexes
Czechoslovakia, Madrid surrenders ending Spanish Civil War, Italy invades
Albania, Germany invades Poland, Poland partitioned between Russia and
Germany, Russo-Finnish war – Finland defeated by 1940
1940 End of Third Republic of France, British scientists develop radar, France
surrenders to Germany, non-English speaking immigrants head to Australia,
Trotsky assassinated in Mexico City, end of US dustbowl, Earthquake in Romania
* Hoover telegraphs President Grant to thank Church for food drive, Jan - Deep
South deep freeze - ice skating in AL, Nov - Armistice Day Blizzard kills 149 in
Great Lakes region, Gene Kelly begins dancing on Broadway, U.S. ends
"protector" status of Dominican Republic, UT – actor Merlin Olsen born in Logan
UT, CA quake 7.1 kills 9, Vrancea ROM quake 7.4, first bomb dropped on Berlin
kills only elephant in Berlin Zoo, Dr. Charles Drew develops methods of storing
plasma and transfusing blood, Hattie McDaniel becomes first person of African
descent to win an Oscar, Igor Sikorsky invents helicopter, Lascaux cave
discovered by boys in France, Walt Disney’s <i>Fantasia</i> opens, Japanese
drop bags of plague-infested fleas over Ningbo and Quzhou in Zhejiang, End of
Spanish Civil war, Germany invades Holland, Norway, France, bombs Britain,
Hemingway's "For Whom The Bell Tolls", death of 1927 Nobel Prize winner and
Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist Julius Wagner von Jauregg, death of
Swedish novelist and Nobel Prize winner Selma Lagerlof, death of British Labour
Pilitician George Lansbury, death of Swedish poet and `9`6 Nobel Prize winner
Verner von Heidenstam, stockings first made of nylon (see 1937), death of
English actress Mre. Patrick Campbell (Beatrice Tanner), death of English
newspaper man Harold Harmsworth (Lord Rothermere), death of Neville
Chamberlain, death of German chemist and industrialist and 1931 Nobel Prize
winner Carl Bosch, death of Swiss painter Paul Klee, death of Russian communist
leader Leon Trotsky, death of English artist Eric Gill, death of German chemist
and 1931 Nobel Prize winner Friedrich Bergius, death of German dramatist
Walter Hasencleber, Trotsky assassinated in mexico, death of Neville
Chamberlain, Hitler names Hermann Goering Reichs-Marschall and successordesignare, British Fascist leader Oswald Mosley imprisoned, FDR reelected over
Wendell Willkie, John L Lewis (anti-Roosevelt labor leader) resigns as head of
CIO, death of William T Borah Senator and isolationist, President Roodevelt
appoints Frank Murphy to Supreme Court, WWII: Sugar bacon and butter
rationed in Britain, Finland signs peace treaty wuth USSR after being attacked,
Germany invades Norway and Denmark, Chamberlain resigns and Churchill
becomes British prime Minister, Home Guard formed in Britain, Germany
invades Holland Belgium and Luzembourg, Churchill’s “blood toil tears and
sweat” speech, Dutch army surrenders, Belgium capitulates, British forces 340k
evacuated from Dunkirk, Italy declares war on France and Britain, Germans enter
Paris, Churchill offers France union with Britain but Marshal Petain head of
Franch government concludes armistice with Germany, Royal Navy seeks French
fleet in Oran,, RAF begins night bombing of Germany, 90 German bombers shot
down over Britain, Czechoslovak National Committee in London recognized as
provisional government, Britian signs agreements with Polish government and
free French under de Gaulle, Battle of Britain, Japan Germany and Italy sign
military and economic pact, Congress passes Selective Service Act to mobilize
US military, 180 German planes shot down, London “Blitz” begins, US
destroyers sold to Britain, Hiterl and Mussolini meet at Brenner Pass, Heavy raids
on London, Britain reopens Burma Road, Germany intensifies U-boat warfare,
Molotov visits Berlin, Eighth Army under Wavell opens offensive in N Africa, air
raid on Manchester, Eden named British foreign secretary, WRITE: Mortimer
Adler, Graham Greene, Ernest Hemingway (For Whom the Bell Tolls), Eugene
O’Neill, Kenneth Roberts, Upton Sinclair, Richard Wright, eric Ambler, Arthur
Bryant, Raymond Chandler, Lillian Hellman, Arthur Koestler, Charles Morgan,
Emlyn Williams, Robert Ardrey, Thomas Wolfe (posth), Carl Sandburg, Mark
Van Doren, Elliott Nugent and Hames Thurber, JM Keynes, AJ Auer, CG Jung,
George Santayana, Edmund Wilson, Robert E Sherwood, DEATHS: John Buchan
(Lord Tweedsmuir) (SCO), F Scott Fitzgerald (USA 44), Hamlin Garland (USA),
Selma Lagerlof, Mrs. Patrick Campbell (ENG), Walther Hasenclever (GER),
Nathaniel West (Nathan Wallenstein Weinstein) (USA), HAL Fisher (ENG),
Emma Goldman (USA), Lillian D Wald (USA), Bertrand Russell English
philosopher and mathematician appointed to Harvard, ART: Max Beckmann,
Kandinsky, Matisse, John Piper, Rex Whistler, Frank Lloyd Wright created
Southern College in Lakeland FL, David Low’s anti-Hitler cartoons, Lascaux
caves discovered in France with paintings from 20k BC, deathof English artist
Eric Gill, death of Edouard Vuillard, Paul Klee, Edmund Duffy wins third
Pulitzer for cartoons, Films: “Grapes of Wrath” “The Great Dictator” (Chaplin)
“Rebecca” (Hitchcock), “Gaslight” “Fantasia” (Disney), “Jud Suss” (German
anti-Jewish propaganda), MUSIC: Irving Berlin, Stravinsky, Rodgers and Hart,
European composers move to US – including Schonberg, Stravinsky, Bartok
Hindemith Krenek Milhaud Martinu Weill Toch Kalman Benatzky Abraham
Stolz and Oskar Straus, Duke Ellington becomes popular composer and jazz
pianist, Popular songs: “You Are My Sunshine” “How High the Moon” “The Last
Time I Saw Paris” “When You Wish upon a Star” “It’s a Big Wide Wonderful
World” “Oh Johnny” “South of the Border” “Blueberry Hill” “Woodpecker
Song”, SCIENCE: British Scientific Committee appointed, Giant cyclotron built
at the U of CA, Howard Florey develops penicillin, ceath of German chemist Carl
Bosch, death of Julius Wagner von Jauregg Austrian psychiatrist, New
combustion chamber for jet engines designed, Cavity magnetron invented, First
electron microscope demonstrated in Camden NJ, Edwin McMillan and Philip
Abelson discover neptunium, First successful helicopter flight in US, George
Cross instituted by King George VI, death of Lord Rothermere, Jack Dempsey
retires from the ring, “Galloping Gertie” suspension bridge over Tacoma Narrows
of Puget Sound breaks in wind and drops, Color television demonstrated in NY,
WNBT first regular television station debuts, first Bugs Bunny cartoon, superman
radio show debuts, Artists: Glenn Miller, Ink Spots, Coleman Hawkins, Will
Bradley, 2.5 foot dragonfly wing from Permian discovered, stock market broker
Livermore commits suicide, Hugh B Brown named LDS Serviceman coordinator,
Missionaries evacuated from Pacific and South Africa, as decade progresses US
gradually accepts LDS chaplains, Debut of penicillin, last execution at Tower of
London of German spy, Japan joins Axis, Battle of Britain, Germany invades
Demnark and Norway then Belgium Netherlands and Luxemburg, Japan joins
Axis, Germany invades France, Italy invades Greece
1941 German army under Rommel attacks British in N Africa, Ethiopia liberated from
Italians by Ethiopians and British and recognized as independent, Japanese
overrun SE Asia, Jet aircraft developed in England and Germany, US Congress
passes Lend-Lease Act to fund allies, Pearl Harbor attacked, Avalanche in Peru,
Roosevelt prohibits discrimination in defense industries, Roosevent dedicates
National Gallery of Art in Washington DC, Japanese attack Pearl harbor, US
enters war, Germany invades Russia, begins "final" extermination of Jews,
Manhattan Project to build bomb, "Citizen Kane" released, death of Norwegian
composer Christian Sinding, death of British general and founder of the Boy
Scout movement Robert Baden-Powell, death of Austrian composer Wilhelm
Kienzl, death of French philosopher Henri Bergson, death of German Emperor
William II, death of Polish pianist and statesman Ignace Paderewski, death of
Indian philosopher Rabindranath Tagore, death of German sociologist and
economist Werner Sombart, death of 1920 Nobel Prize winner German physician
and chemist Walther Nernst, death of English novelist Virginia Woolf, Death of
Irish novelist James Joyce, death of King Alfonso XIII of Spain, death of
Canadian physicist and 1923 Nobel Prize winner Frederick Banting, death of poet
Christian Morgenstern, Sherwood Anderson dies from swallowing a toothpick,
US Office of Price Administration established to regulare prices – steel price
frozen and rubber rationed, US Savings bonds go on sale, Roosevelt appoints
Byrnes and Jackson to supreme court, death of US jurist Louis D Brandeis, WWII:
General Wavell occupies Benghazi, British invade Abyssinia, Lend-Lease bill
signed in US, German air raids on London resumed, pro-Nazi Prince Paul regent
of Yugoslavia deposed, German U-boat attacks intensified, German counteroffensive in N Africa opens, Benghazi evacuated, blitz on Coventry, Rommel
aattacks tobrik, Stalin undisputed head of Soviet government, Hitler’s deputy,
Rudolf Hess lands in Scotland, Germans invade Crete, HMS Hood sunk,
Bismarck sunk, US greezes German and Italian assets in US, Germans invade
Russia and capture Minsk Smolensk Tallinn and enter Ukraine, Churchill and
Roosevelt meet and sign Atlantic Charter, Germans advance to outskirts of
Leningrad and continue towards Moscow – take Kiev Orel Odessa and Kharkov,
Russian government evacuated to Kuibyshev but Stalin stays in Moscow, RAF
bombs Nuremberg, HMS Ark Royal sunk, British begin attack in western desert,
Marshal timoshenko launches Russian counter-offensive, Joseph C Grew the US
ambassador to Japan warns Roosevelt about possible attack, Anthony Eden visits
Moscow, Japanese bomb Pearl harbor, US and Britain declare war on Japan,
Japanese sink HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse, Japanese invade
Philippines, Germany and Italy declare war on US, US declares war on Germany
and Italy, Rommel retreats in N Africa, Churchillvisits Washington and Ottawa,
British gain control of Cyrenaica, Hong Kong surrenders to Japanese, WRITE:
Louis Aragon, Ilya Ehrenburg, F Scott Fitzgerald (The Last Tycoon), Franz
Werfel, Bertolt Brecht, Noel Coward, Rose Franken, AJ Cronin, Joseph E Davies,
Winston Churchill, JP Marquand, William L Shirer, Upton Sinclair, John
Masefield, Benedetto Croce, Etienne Gilson, Reinhold Niebuhr, Rudolf Bultmann,
Erwin Piscator founds Studio Theater in New York, BBC Brains’ Trust broadcast,
DEATHS: James Joyce, Sherwood Anderson (USA)< Virginia Woolf (ENG),
Rabindranath tagore, Henri Bergson, ART: Edward Hopper (Nighthawks), Stuart
Davis, Fernand Leger, Paul Nash, Stanley Spencer, Henry Moore’s drawings of
refugees in London air raid shelters, Feliks Topolski executes drawings of British
forces, National Gallery of Art in DC opens, death of artist Robert Delaunay,
Films: “The Two-Faced Woman” (Garbo’s last), “Citizen kane” (Orson Welles),
“Kipps” “The Big Store” (Marx brothers), “The 49th Parallel” “Ohm Kruger”
(anti-British propaganda), “Suspicion” (Hitchcock), “How Green Was My
Valley”, MUSIC: Roy Harris, Michael Tippett, William Walton, Shostakovich,
deaths: Paderwski, Wilhelm Kienzl (AUS), Christian Sinding (NOR), Popular
songs: “Bewitched Bothered and Bewildered” “Deep in the Heart of Texas” “I
Don’t Want To Set The World On Fire” “Chattanooga Choo-Choo” “I Got It Bad
and That Ain’t Good” SCIENCE: Donald bailey invents portable military bridge,
Hans Haas begins underwater photography, “Manhattan Project” begins,
Whinfield and Dickson invent Dacron, Ferry Command aircraft crosses Atlantic,
death of German physicist Walther Nernst, Edwain McMillan and Glenn T
Seaborg discover plutonium, Construction of Gatun Locks on Panama Canal
begins, Grand Coulee Dam in Washionton starts operation, Rainbow Bridge over
Niagara Falls NY opens, Air Training Corps established in Britain, “Mosquito”
fighter aircraft in use, British Air Raid Precaution reorganized as Civil Defence,
“Utility” clothing and furniture encouraged in Britain and clothes rationing starts,
American Bowling Congress Hall of Fame established, Joe DiMaggio hits in 56
consecutive games establishing record, death of Lord Baden-Powell, death of
English aviatrix Amy Johnson, death of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, US
Supreme Court upholds Federal Wage and Hour Law restricting work of 16-18
year olds and stting minimum wage for businesses engaged in innerstate
commerce, Jeanette Rankin the US Representative casts sole dissenting vote on
going to war, “Whirlaway” wins triple crown, death of baseball great Lou Gehrig,
Monument Over Time Capsule to be opened in 6939 dedicated, Artie Shaw
(Stardust), Wayne King (You Are My Sunshine), Billie Holiday, Andrews Sisters
(Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy), Ink Spots, Truth or consequences becomes most
popular radio show, Assistants to 12 called, no new missionaries sent to South
America, limits to Church meetings initiated, CT GA and MA finally ratify Bill of
Rights, Germany invades Russia, Pearl Harbor attacked, Italy and Germany
invade Egypt, Leningrad besieged by Germans until 1944, Russian counteroffensive in Ukraine,
1942 Cyclone hits Bengal and Bangladesh, British defeat German army at Battle of El
Alamein in Egypt, Japanese overrun SE Asia, Naval victories at Midway Island,
Cyclone in Bengal India, Apr West Palm Beach, Fl gets 8.35 inches of rain in 2
hours, Apr - Wartime tornado in OK, Irving Berlin's "This is the Army" debuts,
Turkey 6.9 quake, Boston MA Cocoanut Grove nightclub fire – overcrowded club
started on fire and only door (revolving) blocked by trampled bodies – 487-492
die, London 111 trampled in the blitz during air raid warning, Lena Horne moves
to Los Angeles, Satchel Paige pitches 4th consecutive victory for Kansas City
monarchs, US Congress edits “Pledge of Allegiance”, Sinatra plays Paramount
Theater in NY, Casablanca premiers, Werner von Braun’s rocket breaks sound
barrier, Enrico Fermi makes first controlled atomic chain reaction, Jacques
Coustrau and Emile Gagnan invent the aqua-lung, Voice of America makes first
international broadcast, US internment of Japanese , Fermi builds nuclear reactor,
German jet aircraft in combat, Hopper's "Nighthawks" painted, Camus' "The
Stranger", death of English artist Philip Wilson Steer, death of English physicist
and 1915 Nobel Prize winner WH Bragg, death of Austrian composer and
conductor Felix von Weingartner, death of Russian author Dimitri Merezhkovsky,
death of English actress Marie Tempest, death of Austrian author Stefan Zweig,
WWII: the 26 allies pledge not to make separate peace treaties with the enemies –
the term United Nations achieves world-wide prominence, Japanese invade Dutch
East Indies and take Kuala Lumpur invade Burma, Rommel launches new
offensive, Quisling becomes Premier of Norway, Japanese capture Singapore Java
and Tangoon, Churchill reconstructs ministry, British raid St. nazaire and bomb
Lubeck and Cologne, US Government transfers 100k Japanese-Americans (Niseis)
to inland camps, Japanese occupy Bataan and force march (Bataan Death March)
of American and Philippine Prisoners, Tokyo bombed by Major General Doolittle,
Americans win Battle of the Coral Sea, Japanese in Mandalay and Corregidor,
Czech patriots assassinate Gestapo leader Heydrich and Nazis burn village of
Lidice in Bohemia in retaliation, Americans defeat Japanese at Midway, Rommel
takes Tobruk, FBI captures eight German saboteurs who landed in FL and NY,
German counter-attack near Kharkov and take Sebastopol, Second Front
demonstrations in London, Americans in Guadalcanal, German sink HMS Eagle
and HMS Manchester, Alexander Commander-in-Chief, Middle East,
Montgomery Commander of Eighth Army in Africa, Germans reach Stalingrad,
Battle of El Alamein gebins, 400k American troops land in French North Africa,
Rommel retreats and loses Tobruk and Benghazi, French navy scuttled in Toulon,
Britain and Indian troops advance in Bruma, Germans work on V-2 rocket, Albert
Speer named German armament minister, Millions of Jews begin to be executed
in concentration camps, Gandhi demands independence for India and is arrested,
MacArthur appointed commander-in-Chief of the Far East, Admiral Darlan
assassinated, WRITE: William Rose Benet, Ellen Glasgow, Albert Camus, TS
Eliot, William Faulkner, Elliot Paul, John Steinbeck, William L White, Jean
Anouilh, Terence Rattigan, Sartre, Klaus Mann, Upton Sinclair, Thornton Wilder,
William Beveridge, EH Carr, LB Namier, James Burnham, GH Trevelyan, RG
Collingwood, Erich Fromm, Reichenbach, james Gould Cozzens, Lloyd C
Douglas, Sidney Kingsley, Marion Hargrove, Maxwell Anderson, CS Lewis
(Screwtape Letters), Kenneth Walker, Tommy Handley’s show the most popular
BBC feature, DEATHS Marie Tempest (ENG), Stefan Zweig (GER), George M
Cohan, John Barrymore, William Flinders Petrie (ENG), ART: Pierre Bonnard,
John Piper, Graham Sutherland, Braque, DEATHS: Carole Lombard (plane crash),
Walter Richard Sickert, Grant Wood, Philip Wilson Steer, Films: “Bambi”
(Disney), “Mrs Miniver” “To Be or Not To Be” “Holiday Inn” (Bing Crosby),
“The Evening Visitors” MUSIC: Ernest Bacon, Benjamin Britten, Aaron
Copland (Rodeo), Gian carlo Menotti, Richard Strauss, Randall Thompson, Irving
Berlin (White Christmas), Popular Songs:” I Left My Heart at the Stage Door
Canteen” “White Christmas” “The White Cliffs of Dover” “Sleepy Lagoon”
“Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition” “Be Careful, It’s My Heart” “Paper
Doll” “That Old Black Magic”, SCIENCE: Enrico Fermi splits the atom, first
electronic brain (automatic computer) developed in US, Magnetic recording tape
invented, death of German-American ethnologist Franz Boas, death of English
physicist William Henry Bragg, AC Hartley invents device for clearing fog from
airfields (FIDO), Max Muller of Junkers develops turbo-prop engine, Bell
Aircraft tests first US jetplane, Jenry J Kaiser develops techniques for building
10k ton ships in four days, Malta awarded the George Cross, Gilbert Murray
founds Oxfam, “Stars and Stripes” paper appears, Pole vault record at 3.77 meters,
Wartime “National Loaf” introduced in Britain, Mildenhall Treasure a hoard of
Roman silverware discovered in Suffolk, Sugar rationing begins in US – rent
frozen and gasoline rationed, coffee rationed, US Supreme Court rules Nevada
divorces valid in US, Joe Louis retains boxing title, Death Michel Fokine (RUS
choreographer), Felix von Weingartner (AUS), Artists: Bing Crosby, Alveno Rey
(Deep in the Heart of Texas), Jimmy Dorsey, Mills Brothers, Neo-Darwinian
publications increase, First Presidency releases Church position on War,
Servicemen’s committee organized, Church member Helmuth Hubener executed
by Nazis for distributing British news, US rationing begins, Tabernacle closed
and Hill Cumorah pageant stopped throughout war, Battles of Midway and Coral
Sea turns war in Pacific, Decisive battle of El Alamein in Egypt, Japan captures
islands in Pacific, Japan captures Manila Singapore Rangoon Mandalay and
Philippines, Germans defeated in Battle of Stalingrad, Battle of El Alamein –
Rommel defeated in Egypt – end of Axis resistance in North Africa by May 1943,
1943 Germans and Italians driven from North Africa, German Sixth Army fails to
capture Stalingrad, eruption of Paracutin Venezuela, Turkey 7.7 quake, ENG –
Blitz – 173 killed in stampede into subway tunnel at Bethnal Green, Jan - 49
degree (Fahrenheit) rise in temperature in two minutes in Spearfish, ND...
eventually temperatures rose from -4 to 54, but dropped back to -4 later, cracking
windows, Rodgers and Hammerstein's "Oklahoma" debuts, United Negro College
Fund established, Wilhelm Kilff invents dialysis machine, Albert Hofmann takes
first LSD trip as described in <i>LSD: My Problem Child</i>, Sartre publishes
“Being and Nothingness”, Alan Turing leads development of Colossus computer
which cracks German military codes, Independence for Lebanon, Allies defeat
Italy, early computer prototypes, Sartre's "Being and Nothingness", death of
Danish author and 1917 Nobel Prize winner Hendrik von Pontoppidan, death of
Beatrice Webb (Potter) English socialist writer and politician, death of Russian
composer and pianist Sergei Rachmaninoff, death of German theater producer
Max Reinhardt, President Roosevelt appoints Wiley B Rutledge to Supreme Court,
WWII: Germany withdraws form Caucasus, Casablanca Conference between
Churchill and Roosevelt, Japanese driven from Guadalcanal, New German air
attacks on London, British Eighth Army reaches Tripoli, Russians destroy
German army southwest of Stalingrad, General Paulus surrenders at Stalingrad,
Russians recapture Rostov and Kharkov, Hitler orders “scorched earth” policy,
Allied armies in N Africa are placed under Eisenhower’s command, RAF raid on
Berlin, 22-ship Japanese convoy sunk in Battle of the Bismarck Sea by US planes,
British and US armies in Africa linkup – Rommel retreats, massacre in Warwaw
ghetto, Allies take Tunis and Bizerte, German army surrenders in Tunisia, RAF
bombs Ruhr dams, US forces land in New Guinea, US recaptures Aleutians,
Allies land in Sicily and soon occupy Palermo, Mussolini dismissed, Marshal
badoglio takes over in Italy, Quebec conference between Churchill, Roosevelt and
Mackenzie King, Ploesti oil fields in Romania bombed by US, US troops enter
Messina, Allies land in Salerno Bay and invade Italy, Eisenhower announces
Italy’s unconventional surrender, Russians cross Dnieper north of Kiev – take
Smolensk, American fifth army takes Naples, Italy declares war on Germany,
Russians take Kiev, Mosley released from prison, General and Mme. Chiang Kaishek meet with Roosevelt and Churchill in Cairo and agree to liberate Korea ofter
Japanese defeat, US forcesregain Pacific islands, Churchill Stalin and Roosevelt
hold Tehran conference, USSR Czechoslovak treaty for postwar cooperation,
Students Hans and Sophie Scholl distribute anti-Nazi pamphlets in Munich and
are caught and executed, Allied “round-the-clock” bombing of Germany begins,
death of Polish General Wladyslaw Sikorski, WRITERS: Henry Green, Romain
Rolland, James Bridie, Noel Coward, Nigel Balchin, Thomas Mann, Ernie Pyle,
Wendell Willkie, Betty Smith (A Tree Grows In Brooklyn), Ricard Tregaskis,
James Thruber, Franz Werfel and SN Behrman, John Van Druten, Upton Sinclair,
Robert Frost, Ira Wolfert, Robert L Scott Jr. Ted Lawson, William Saroyan, DW
Brogan, Harold Laski, AD Lindsay, Walter Lippmann, JM Thompson, Sartre, CE
Raven, Martha Graham dances in “Deaths and Entrances”, Keynes announces
plan for international currency union, Deaths: WW Jacobs (ENG), Max Reinhardt,
Stephen Vincent Benet, Beatrice Webb (Lady Passfield), US Supreme Court rules
that children need not salute the flag in schools if it is against their religion
(reverses 1940 decision), ART: Thomas Hart Benton, Mondriaan, Henry Moore,
Beckmann, Kokoschka, Jackson Pollock (first one-man show), Chagall, Grant
WSood and John Steuart Curry and Yves Tanguy and Ferdand Leger, deaths
Chaim Soutine and Marsden Hartley, Films: “Jane Eyre”
“Munchhausen””Shadow of a Doubt” (Hitchcock), “Stalingrad” “Children Look
at You” “Desert Victory” “Casablanca”, MUSIC: Aaron Copland, William
Schuman, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Rodgers and Hammerstein (Oklahoma), Kurt
Weill, Francis Poulenc, Schonberg, Paul Creston, Deaths: Rachmaninoff, Max
Von Schillings (GER), Lorenz Hart (of Rodgers and Hart), Popular songs:
“Mairzy Doats” “Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin’”, “People Will Say We’re in
Love” “I’ll Be Seeing You (in All the Old Familiar Places)” “COmin’ in on a
Wing and a Prayer” “A Lovely Way to Spend an Evening” SCIENCE: Penicillin
successfully used in the treatment of chrinic diseases, Waksman and Schatz
discover streptomycin, 1300 mile long “Big Inch” oil pipeline from texas to PA
begins, Nobel Prize for discovery of vitamins AE and K, Nobel Prize for Physics
Otto Stern for experiments in proton movement, death of Nikola tesla, death of
George Washington Carver – founded of Tuskegee Institute etc., Henry Kaiser’s
first “Liberty” ships launched, Charlie Chaplin marries Oona O’Neill, Nuffield
Foundation formed, Famine strikes Bengal, President Roosevelt freezes wages
salaries and prices, Infantile paralysis epidemic kills almost 1200 in US and
cripples thousands more, Shoe rationing in US also meat cheese fats and canned
foods, Coal mines taken ober by government when a half-million miners strike,
pay-as-you-go income tax reinstituted, Race riots in several major US cities, Zoot
suit with reet pleat popular with hepcats in US, Lindy hop yields to the Jitterbug
as popular dance, “Count Fleet” wins triple crown, Radio classic “Amos ‘n’ Andy
cancelled after 15 years, Artists “Oklahoma” casts, Bing Crosby, Duke Ellington,
Mills Brothers, Rudy Vallee, Avery MacLeod and McCarty propose DNA as
carrier of heredity, Hamburg bombed 104 times in ten days, Chair of IBM
Thomas Watson states there may be a market for five computers around the world,
Peron revolution in Argentina, German forces at Stalingrad surrender, US begins
recapture of pacific, Italians surrender
1944 Allies invade France, First free presidential election in Guatemala, Cyclone hits
Cuba, Vesuvius eruption, Cyclone near Philippines, Tsunami hits Japan * FDR
discusses genealogy and Mormons with Churchill, George H. W. Bush meets
LDS friend while serving on sub, Jun - Tornadoes cross mountains in PA, OH,
WV, defying scientific though, Sep - airforce plane flies into category 5 hurricane,
UT – train wreck kills 50 in Bagley on Dec 31 as passenger train crashes into mail
train, early Mayan translation begins, Japan quake kills 1223 8.1 and tsunami,
Argentina quake kills 8-10000 7.8, Turkey quake 7.5, African American Adam
Clayton Powell begins 11 term careen in House of Representatives, Dizzy
Gillespie pioneers bebop jazz at Onyx Club in NY, DNA isolated as building
blocks of genes, Allies defeat Normandy, France promises post-war independence
to African colonies, Bretton Woods conference in US, death of French sculptor
Aristide Maillol, death of English novelist Arthur Quiller-Couch, death of
Norwegian painter Edvard Munch, death of Russian painter Vassili Kandinsky,
death of French author and 1915 Nobel Prize winner Romain Rolland, death of
Canadian humorist Stephen Leacock, death of British architect Edwin Lutyens,
death of English conductor Henry J Wood, death of English physicist and 1917
Nobel Prize winner Charles Barkla, death of French author Jean Giradoux, Port
Chicago explosion N of San Francisco kills 320, British politician Stephen
Milligan dies from autoerotic asphyxiation, death of Al Smith, WWII: American
Fifth Army launches attack east of Cassino, Allied landings at Nettuno and Anzio,
Leningrad relieved, Monte Cassino monastery bombed, US troops complete
conquest of Solomon and Marshall Islands, heavy air raids on London, Russian
offensives in the Ukraine and Crimea, 800 flying fortresses drop 2k tons of bombs
on Berlin, Sebastopol liberated, Monte Cassino and Rome in Allied hands, Victor
Emmanuel III names Crown Prince Umberto the Lt.-General of the realm but
retains the title of king, D-Day – landings in Normandy with over 4k landing craft
– oil pipeline laid in channel bed, Mulberry Harbor assembled off Normandy, first
flying-bomb (V-1) dropped on London, Allies take Orvieto and Cherbourg, south
Japan bombed by US< US troops take Saigon, Russians capture 100k Germans at
Minsk, German officers attempt to assassinate Hitler, Premier Tojo of Japan and
his Cabinet resign, Russians at Brest-Litovsk, Warsaw uprising, Americans
capture Guam from Japanese, British Eighth Army takes Florence, Dumbarton
Oaks conference in Washington DC, discussion on UN, de Gaulle enters Paris,
Brussels liberated, first V-2 rockets on Britain, Churchill and Roosevelt meet in
Quebec, Americans cross German frontier near Trier, British airborne forces land
at Eindhoven and Arnhem but have to withdraw, Churchill in Moscow, US troops
land in Philippines, Russans and Yugoslavs enter Belgrade, Red Army occupies
Hungary, end of Horthy’s dictatorship, Battle of Leyte Gulf ends in heavy losses
for Japanese, Roosevelt elected for fourth term with Harry S Truman as vice
president, “Battle of the Bulge” begins, North Burma cleared of Japanese,
Budapest surrounded by Russians, Petain imprisoned at fortress of Belfort, France
regains Lorraine, Bietnam declares herself independent of France under Ho Chi
Minh, Victor Emmanuel III yields his royal prerogatives to son Umberto, Count
Ciano the Fascist Foreign Minister executed on orders of his father-in-law
Mussolini, Rommel commits suicide, WRITE: Stephen Vincent Benet, HE Bates,
Catherine Drinker Bowen, Ivy Compton-Burnett, TS Eliot, John HErsey, Aldous
Huxley, Rosamond Lehmann, W Somerset Maugham, Alberto Moravia, Ernie
Pyle, Terence Rattigan, Sartre, Lillian Smith, Irving Stone, John Van Druten, Van
Wuck Brooks, Kathleen Winsor, Tennessee Williams (The Glass Menagerie),
Joyce Cary, Camus, Jean Giraudoux, Stefan Zweig, Mazo de La Roche, Norman
Bentwich, William Beveridge, John Hilton, Julian Huxley, Sumner Welles, Lewis
Mumford, DEATHS: Artthur Quiller-Couch (Q) (ENG), Romain Rolland, Jean
Giraudoux, Antoine de Saint-Exupery (FRA), George Ade, Sister Aimee Semple
McPherson (USA), ARTS: Feininger, Matisse, Arp Kandinsky Klee Mondriaan
and Henry Moore (Art Concrete), Picasso, Vraque, Rouault, Rivera, DEATHS:
Vasili Kandinsky (RUS), Aristide Maillol (FRA), Piet Mondriaan (DUT),
Charles Dana Gibson (Gibson girl USA), Lucien Pissarro, Edwin L Lutyens
(ENG), Edvard Munch (NOR), FILMS: “Henry V” (Olivier) “Les Enfants du
Paradis” “Lifeboat” (Hitchcock), “Zola” “It Happened Tomottow” “Going My
Way” MUSIC: Bartok, Aaron Copland, Shostakovich, Leonard Bernstein,
Richard Strauss, Prokofiev, Walter Piston, death of English composer Ethel
Smyth, death of English conductor Henry J Wood, Popular Songs: “Don’t Fence
Me In” “Rum and Coca-Cola” “Swinging on a Star” “Sentimental Hourney”
“Accentuate the Positive”, SCIENCE: Uranium pile built at Clinton TN, New
cyclotron built at Washinton, Quinine synthesized, Ministry of National Insurance
established in Britain, “Blackout” restrictions relaxed in Britain, first nonstop
flight from Britain to Canada, death of US journalist William Allen White, Cost
of living rises 30% in US, Ringling Brothers Barnum &amp; Bailey Circus fire in
Hartford CT kills 165, death of Kenesaw Mountain Landis the baseball
commissioner, first network censorship – sound cut on “We’re Having a Baby,
My Baby and Me”, DuMont Network goes on air – Paramount teams up but
enterprise fails, artists: Bing Crosby, Judy Garland, Lionel Hampton, Merry Macs,
Schrodinger publishes about heredity, start of fire balloon bombing of US by
Japan, Russia conquers BUL FIN HUN ROM and US invades Philippines, end of
Norway’s Christian X as ruler of NOR and ICE, Former baseball player Moe
Berg made spy with job to kill German scientist Werner Heisenberg if Nazi nuke
is developed, Normandy landings, Battle of Leyte Gulf – Japanese navy defeated,
Allies enter Rome, Landing in Normandy – start German retreat, Bomb plot to
assassinate Hitler fails, Allies liberate Paris and Brussels, V-2 missle lands on
England, Warsaw resistance crushed by Germans,
1945 8 years of drought in central Australia ends, World Zionist Conference calls for
Jewish state in Palestine, US builds and drops A bombs on Japan, Scottish
National Party sends first representative to parliament, Gnostic work by Origen
discovered * FDR dies, to the delight of Church leadership (Joseph Fielding
Smith and J. Reuben Clark), Truman stops to sleep in Utah after signing U.N.
Charter 26 Jun, Truman thanks Saints for day of prayer, President Smith
announces to Truman about post-war aid to Europe, Jul - B-25 bomber crashes
into Empire State Building in dense fog. 14 die and New Yorkers believed their
city to be under attack, ball point pens go on sail at Gimbels in New York, City
Hall Station in New York discontinued due to longer trains and a sharp turn,
"Carousel" debuts on Broadway,
UT – Bertucci an army private guns down
Germans in POW camp in Salina – buried at Fort Douglas 8 Germans,
replacement of Waterloo Bridge in London, tsunami hits Balochistan (Iran
Pakistan), plane crashes into Empire State Building, Ebony magazine founded,
Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious Monk and Charlie Parker begin era of bebop jazz,
first television hits the market, Percy Spencer accidentally discovers microwave
cooking, Jet streams discovered by pilots, Roosevelt dies, Germany surrenders,
Potsdam Conference, Japan surrenders after bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
UN founded in San Francisco, death of British statesman David Lloyd George,
death of Italian composer Pietro Mascagni, death of American scientist and 1933
Nobel Prize winner T.H. Morgan, death of German artist Kathe Kollwitz, death of
French poet Paul Valery, death of American novelist Theodore Dreiser, death of
German philosopher Ernst Cassirer, Death of German poet Else Lasker-Schuller,
death of English physicist and 1922 Nobel Prize winner FW Aston, death of
German dramatist Georg Kaiser, death of Hungarian composer Bela Bartok, death
of FDR, death of Austrian composer Anton von Webern, death of French
politician Pierre Laval, death of Benito Mussolini, death of Austrian author Franz
Werfel, WWII: British offensive begins in Burma, Russian offensive in Silesia,
Russians take Warsaw Cracow Tilsit and reach Oder River, Yalta Conference
between Churchill Roosevelt and Stalin, Americans enter Manila, Budapest falls,
British troops reach the Rhine, US air raids on Tokyo Cologne and Danzig,
Okinawa captured, British Second Army crosses Rhine, last of German rockets
fall over Britain, death of FDR and Truman presides, Russians reach Berlin,
Bologna falls, US and USSR troops meet at Torgau, San Fran. Conference, Eden
Molotov Smuts and Stettinius sign UN Charter, Leage of Nations holds final
meeting in Geneva and turns over assets to UN, Bremen Genoa Verona and
Venice taken, Allies cross Elbe, Mussolini killed by Italian partisans, Hitler
suicide, German army on Italian front surrenders, Berlin surrenders to Russians
and Germany capitulates (V-E Day) ends war in Europe, Allied Control
Commission divides Germany into four zones, Spain excluded from UN, Threepower occupation of Berlin takes effect, Churchill Truman and Stalin confer at
Potsdam, General election in Britain brings Labour landslide – Attlee becomes
prime minister, US drops bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrenders –
end of WWII – war dead estimated at 35 million in war plus 10 million in
concentration camps, Petain sentenced to death, Independent republic of Vietnam
formed with Ho Chi Minh as president, Quisling sentenced to death in Norway,
Laval dentenced to death in France, Fighting between Nationalists and
Communists in north China 0 US General George Marshall tries to mediate, Arab
League founded to oppose the creation of Jewish state, De Gaulle elected
president of French provisional government, Nuremberg trials of Naze war
criminals begin, Nobel Peace Prize – American Secretary of State Cordell Hull,
Federal People’s republic of Yugoslavia proclaimed – Tito chief of state, Karl
Renner elected President of Austria, death of David Lloyd George, death of
George S Patton the American general in auto accident, International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (UN World Bank) founded with 27 trillion in
capital, WRITE: Mary Chase (Harvey), Henry Green, Carlo Levi, Sinclair Lewis,
George Orwell (Animal Farm), Evelyn Waugh, John Betjeman, Nancy Mitford,
Osbert SItwell, James Thurber, Sartre, Hermann Hesse, Karl Shapiro, Nobel Prize
for Literature Gabriela Mistral the Chilean poet, SW Brogan, LG Curtis, Lord
Moran, Martin Buber, William L Sperry, CJ Webb, WS Melsome, DEATHS
Robert Benchley (USA), Paul Valery, Theodore Dreiser, Gerog Kaiser (GER),
Franz Werfel (AUS), Ernie Pyle (USA), Ernst Cassirer (GER), Shintoism
abolished in Japan, ART: Stanley Spencer, Henry Moore, Stuart Davis, Jacov
Epstein (sculpture), Frank Lloyd Wright designs Guggenheim in NY, DEATHS:
Kathe Kollwitz (Ger), Trial of Hans van Meegeren the Dutch painter who forged
great paintings, FILMS: “Rome, Open City” “Brief Encounter” “The Lost
Weekend” “The Way to the Stars” “The Last Chance” “Ivan the Terrible” “The
Man from the South” MUSIC: Richard Strauss, Benjamin Britten, Zoltan Kodaly,
Prokofiev, Rodgers and Hammerstein (Carousel), DEATHS: Bela Bartok, Pietro
Mascagni (ITA), SCIENCE: Lajos Janossy (HUN) explores cosmic radiation,
Vitamin A synthesized, Fleming Florey and Chain win Nobel Prize for discovery
of penicillin, First atomic bomb detonated near Alamogordo NM, death of
German physicist Arthur Korn, Atomic Research Centre established in Hartwell
ENG, “Black Markets” for food clothing and cigarettes throughout Europe,
Family allowances introduced in Britain, Women’s suffrage becomes law in
France, Bebop comes into fashion, Heirs of Ruppert and Barrow sell NY Yankees
to sendicate, Empire State Building struck between 78-9th floors by B-52 bomber,
RCA orthicon tube improves TV, FCC creates 13 channel broadcasting spectrum
– applications follow, Artists Les Brown (Sentimental Journey), Andrews Sisters,
Tommy Dorsey, Joe Liggins and the Honeydrippers, Harry James, German Saint
Herbert Klopfer the East German mission president dies in Russian hospital,
President George A Smith sustained, Idaho Falls Temple finished, Elder Ezra Taft
Benson reopens Europe, Church sends supplies to Europe, Church begins to
microfilm English parish records, Temple ordinances first performed in Spanish
in Mesa temple, Hitler suicide, creation of the UN, Vietnam becomes independent,
Atomic bombs, Warsaw captured by Russia, Yalta Conference, Dresden bombed,
Mussolini assassinated by Italian partisans, San Francisco conference – UN
charter signed, Japan surrenders, Potsdam conference – terms of post-war
settlements discussed
1946 Tsunami Hawaii, US bomb tested on Bikini Atoll in Marshall Islands – US and
French test nuclear devices in Pacific, Courtenay Vancouver, BC quake, AK
quakes 7.3 and 8.1 Unimak Island AK tsunami, Earthquakes and tsunamis in
Japan – 8.1 kills 1330, Pres. G. A. Smith meets with former President Hoover,
Truman sends congratulations to Utah on 50th anniversary, Christmas – Truman
accidentally summons President G. S. Smith to the White House to wish him
Merry Christmas, Nov - Cloud seeding discovered in MA, Vancouver BC quake
7.3, Dominican Republic quake kills 100 8.0 tsunami – two of them each in Aug,
Japan quake kills 1330 8.1 with tsunami, Massive inflation in Hungary, Mauchly
and Eckert create the ENIAC computer, commission on human rights established,
Benjamin Spock publishes baby book, Nuremberg trials, Herman Hesse wins
Nobel Prize, two-piece swimsuits debut on same day and A bomb testing on
bikini atoll – suits more controversial, death of German dramatist Gerhart
Hauptmann, death of English author HG Wells, death of English composer
Granville Bantock, death of English composer Sidney Jones, death of American
poet Gertrude Stein, death of Spanish composer Manuel de Falla, death of English
theatrical producer Harley Granville-Barker, death of English economist John
Maynard Keynes, death of American author Damon Runyon, death of English
painter Paul Nash, death of Nazi leader Hermann Goering, death of Victor
Emmanuel III of Italy, Truce declared in Chinese Civil War, UN General
Assembly meets in London with Trygve Lie of Norway as Secretary-General,
Albania Hungary Transjordan and Bulgaria become independent states, De Gaulle
resigns presidency and is succeeded by Bidault – Leon Blum forms Socialist
government, Juan Peron elected President of Argentina, Chruchill gives “Iron
Curtain” speech, Britain and France evacuate Lebanon, East German Social
Democrats merge with Communists, Victor Emmanuel III abdicated as King of
Italy and is succeeded by don Umberto II – Italian referendum in favor of republic
so Umberto II leaves country and de Gasperi becomes head of state, Klement
Gottwals becomes Premier of Czechoslovakia, President Truman created Atomic
Energy Commission, Peace Conference of 21 nations held in Paris, Verdict of
Nuremberg Tribunal – Ribbentrop Goering and 10 other Nazis sentenced to death
Hess and Funk life imprisonment and Schacht and Von Papen acquitted – Goering
commits suicide before execution, Power in Japan transferred from the Emperor
to an elected assembly, Dimitrov becomes premier of Bulgaria, UN Atomic
Energy Commission approves US plan for control, Sarawak ceded to British
Crown by the Rajah Sir Charles Brooke, John D Rockefeller Jr. donates $8.5
million to UN for site of permanent headquarters in NYC, Harlan Fiske Stone dies,
death of US labor leader Sidney Hillman, death of US presidential advisor Harry
Hopkins, WRITE: Maxwell Anderson, Simone de Beauvoir, Lillian Hellman,
Dylan Thomas, Robert Penn Warren, Jean Cocteau, Arthur Miller, Eugene
O’Neill, Terence Rattigan, Sartre, Hermann Hesse (Nobel Prize), Theodor
Plievier, EM Remarque, Carl Zuckmayer, John Hersey, Sean O’Casey, Edmund
Wilson, Benjamin Spock MD (Baby and Child Care), Etienne Mantoux, Aldous
Huxley,Frank Yerby, DEATHS: Gerhart Hauptmann, Gertrude Stein, Damon
Runyon, Booth Tarkington, Count Hermann Keyserling (GER) Pope Pius XII
creates 32 new cardinals, Francis Xavier Cabrini canonized, ART: Graham
Sutherland, Fernand Leger, Chagall, Saul Steinberg, DEATHS: Paul Nash, WC
Fields, Joseph Stella, Alfred Stieglitz, Picasso founds pottery at Vallauris,
Buckminster Fuller designs Dymaxion House, Films: “The Best Years of Our
Lives” “Sie Morder sind unter Uns” “Paisa” “Gilda” “La Belle et la Bete”
“Notorious” (Hitchcock), “Great Expectations” MUSIC: Benjamin Britten, Gian
Carlo Menotti, Frederick Ashton, Balanchine, Boris Blacher, Irving Berlin (Annie
Get Your Gun), Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe (Brigadoon) , Popular
songs: “How are things in Gloccamorra” “Tenderly” “South America, Take It
Away” “Dip-a-dee-doo-dah” “Come Rain or Come Shine” “The Gypsy” “Ole
Buttermilk Sky” “Shoo-Fly Pie and Apple Pan Dowdy” “Doin’ What Comes
Nacherly”, SCIENCE: Appleton discovers that sun spots emit radio waves,
Isotope Carbon-13 discovered, Pilotless rocket missle constructed by Fairey
Aviation Company, Electronic brain built at Pennsylvania U, Xerography process
invented by Chester Carlson, death of British TV inventor John Logie Baird,
South Pole expedition of R. E. Byrd, US Navy tests atomic bomb at Bikini, death
of James J Walker, Nobel Prize: Hermann Joseph Muller for study of X-ray
mutations, Chemisty Nobel Prize for work with enzymes, Physics for work with
high-pressure by PW Bridgman, death of economist John Maynard Keynes,
Women ensured the right to vote in Italy, New Bodleian Library in Oxford,
British Arts Council founded, Joe Louis defends title for 23rd time, Shortest
boxing fight in history at 10.5 seconds, London airport opened, death of US boxer
Jack Johnson, death of A Alekhine the chess player, “Assault” wins triple crown,
Salzburg Festival reopens, DEATHS: Granville Bantock (ENG), Manuel de Falla
(ESP), Heinrich Kaminsky (GER), Paul Lincke (GER), (music) first network soap
opera “Faraway Hill” debuts, artists: Nat King Cole, Johnny Mercer, Freddy
Martin, Vaughn Monroe, Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five, Precambrian
fossils found resembling jellyfish and corals, Elder Kimball leads Lamanite
Committee, Finland dedicated, League of Nations dissolved, Independence
offered to India but disagreements between Muslims and Hindus lead to creation
of Pakistan, Chinese Civil War begins, Hanoi attacked by Ho Chi Minh,
Nuremberg trials, Civil war in Indochina between nationalists and French,
Norwegian statesman Trygve Lie elected first secretary general of UN, Peace
conference opens in Paris, Nuremberg trials, Republic of Hungary proclaimed,
Transjordan (Jordan) gains independence, Britain and US agree on economic
fusion of German zones, Civil war in Indochina to 1954 between Vietnamese
nationalists by Ho Chi Minh and French
1947 Transistors invented, India independence, Japan democratic constitution made,
Truman doctrine pledges aid for resisting Communism, foundation of Edinburgh
Festival, Woodward OK tornado, Iceland eruption * Truman sends kudos to
Saints on centennial, Apr- deadliest tornado in Oklahoma is an F5, AK quake 7.2,
Tex – French freighter carrying Ammonium nitrate explodes causing chain
reaction among docks and 500 died, Jackie Robinson signs with Brooklyn
Dodgers, “Buffalo” Bob Smith premiers Howdy Doody, Howard Hunt flies
“Spruce Goose”, Shockley Bardeen and Brattain invent the transistor, Willard
Libby develops radiocarbon dating, Dead Sea Scrolls discovered, Kon Tiki sails
from Peru to Polynesia, Charles Yeager surpasses speed of sound, Dizzy Gillespie
debuts with Charlie Parker at Carnegie Hall, Edwin Land demonstrates Polaroid
camera, Everson v. Board of Education deals with First Amendment separation
clause, Cold War begins, Communists take control of Eastern Europe, Marshal
Plan for European recovery announced, Chuck Yeager breaks sound barrier, first
transistor, death of German physicist Max Planck, Christian Dior introduces his
post-war fashions in Paris, death of English mathematician and philosopher
Alfred North Whitehead, death of 1929 Nobel Prize for Medicine winner
Frederick G Hopkins the English chemist, death of German physicist and 1905
Nobel Prize winner Philipp Lenard, death of Henry Ford the auto manufacturer,
death of British statesman Stanley Baldwin, death of English journalist JL Garvin,
British coal industry nationalized, General george Marshall develops
EuropeanRecovery Program (Marshall Plan), Vincent Auriol elected President of
France, US withdraws as mediator in China, British proposes to divide Palestine
but is rejected by all – submitted to UN, Peace treaties signed in Paris, ExPresident Tiso of Slovakia executed, Burma proclaimed independent republic,
India proclaimed independent and partitioned into India and Pakistan, Cominform
established at Warsaw conference, Belgium Netherlands and Luxembourg ratify
Benelux customs union, Princess Elizabeth heir to English throne marries Philip
Mountbatten duke of Edinburgh, death of Stanley Baldwin, King Michael of
Romania abdicated, US Congress passes Taft-Hartley Act over Truman’s veto
restricting rights of labor unions, death of Florello H La Guardia, WRITE:
Thomas Armstrong, Nigel Balchin, Albert Camus (The Plague), Julian Green,
Jean Anouilh, William Douglas-Home, JB Priestley, Tennessee Williams
(Streetcar Named Desire), HE Bates, John Gunther, Compton Mackenzie, Sinclair
Lewis, Robert Lowell, Thomas Mann, Andre Gide, Michael Sadlier, Mickey
Spillane, John Steinbeck, LS Amery, GDH Cole, McCallum and Readman, HW
garrod, HR Trevor-Roper, EF Carritt, Guido Ruggiero, Michael Polanyi, Karl
Jaspers, Theodor Heuss, DEATHS: Sidney Webb Lord Passfield, AN Whitehead
(ENG), Nicholas Murray Butler, Max Dessoir, Willa Cather, James Agate, Hans
Fallada (GER), Ricarda Huch (GER), “Diary of Anne Frank” published, Dead Sea
Scrolls discovered in Wadi Qumran, ART: Maurice de Vlaminck, Henry Moore,
Giacometti, Le Corbusier, Marino Marini, Kokoschka, Matisse, death of French
painter Pierre Bonnard, Films: “Monsieur Verdoux” (Chaplin) “VIVERE in pace”
“Black Narcissus” “Gentleman’s Agreement”, MUSIC: Benjamin Britten,
Gottfried von Einem, Carl Orff, EY Harburg, Gian Carlo Menotti, John Powell,
Pablo Casals vows not to play in public as long as Franco is in power, Walter
Felsenstein becomes head of Komische Oper in Berlin, Maria callas makes her
debut in opera, Deaths: Alfredo Casella (ITA), Bronislaw Hubermann (POL),
Popular songsL “Papa Won’t You Dance With Me?” “Almost Like Being in
Love” “I’ll Dance At Your Wedding”, SCIENCE: jBritish establish atomic pile as
Harwell, Advisory Committee on Scientific Policy set up in Britain, PMS
Blackett advances theory that all massive rotating bodies are magnetic, US
airplane first flies at supersonic speeds, death of Italian race car designer Ettore
Bugatti, death of Max Planck, Thor Heyerdahl sails Kontiki from Pero to
Polynesia in 101 days, Bell labs invents the transistor, American aviator Odom
flies around world, British racing driver John Cobb establishes ground record of
394.196 mph, death of Henry Ford leaving $625 million, ldeath of Henry Gordon
Selfridge, flying saucers reported in NM, Most severe winter in Britain since 1894,
B;ack market prices rise in Berlin, from Nippur excavations Francis Steele
reconstructs laws of Hammurabi, “New Look” dominates female fashion, Jackie
Robinson signs, Blizzard in NY leaves almost 28 inches, over one million
veterans enroll in college under GI Bill of Rights, death of US gangster Al
Capone, first televised world series, songs and artists: Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah, Bing
Crosby, Arthur Godfrey, Count Basie, Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five,
Yale’s reptiles mural influences thought for over a decade suggesting slow
dinosaurs, pioneer centennial, Church reaches 1 million members, Indian Student
Placement started, Japan mission reopens with former servicemen the first
missionaries, Church gets permission to microfilm much of Europe’s records,
Days of 47 Parade begins, This is the Place monument created, Partition of
Palestine, Marshall Plan for economic recovery in Europe, Allied pwace treaties
signed in Paris, Marshall Aid, Cominform (Commie Info Bureau) set up at
Belgrade Yugoslavia, Cheribon Agreement between Dutch and Indonesians –
United States of Indonesia established, India independent – India and Pakistan
split – Kashmir state ceded to India, Burma gains independence, partition of
Palestine into Arab and Jewish states agreed by UN but rejected by Arabs, June –
Unknown flying objects spotted in Cascades starting flying saucer craze – later
that year Roswell NM, <i>Everson v Board of Education</i> - God banned from
school under separation of Church and State
1948 Flooding in Fuzhou, Afrikaner National Party wins power in S Africa, ArabIsraeli War, Marshal plan for post-war recovery through 1951, Mahatma Gandhi
assassinated in New Delhi, Free medical treatment established in Britain,
Vancouver BC flood * Truman recognizes state of Israel – partial fulfillment of
Orson Hyde’s dedicatory prayer, Sep Truman visits Utah
Mar - 31 inches of snow falls in Juneau in 24 hours, Two New Zealand volcanoes
erupt simultaneously, LBJ elected to senate by fraud of 202 identical ballots,
alphabetized… one by a man dead 44 years, Mestral invents Velcro, Kinsey
publishes regarding sexual behavior in males, McCollum v. Board of Education
deals with First Amendment separation clause, Burma achieves independence
from Breat Britain, Mohandas K Gandhi assassinated, Universal Declaration of
Human Rights adopted by 48 countries in UN General Assembly, Berlin Airlift,
Israel established as a state, UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, death of
Italian-German composer Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, death of Czech salesman
Eduard Benes, death of Babe Ruth the baseball great, Gandhi assassinated,
Communist coup in Czechoslovakia – Klement Gottwald elected President,
Chiang Kai-shek reelected President of China by nanking Assembly, US
Congress passes Marshall Plan giving 17 billion in aid for Europe, Churchill
chairs Hague Congress foe European unity, Month-long coal strike in US –
injunction prevents rail-strike – first escalator clause basing wage increases on
cost-of-living index at GM, Jewish state with Weizmann President and BenGurion Premier, USSR stops rail and and toad traffic between Berlin and West –
airlift begins until 1949, British Citizenship Act grants British passports to all
Commonwealth citizens, death of Eduard Benes (CZE), Queen Wilhelmina of
Netherlands abdicates and daughter Juliana rules, Count Folkr Bernadotte the UN
mediator in Palestine assassinated by Jewish terrorists, Harry S Truman elected,
Attlee apponts Linskey tribunal to investigate charges of corruption against
British ministers and officials, Ernst Reuter a social-Democrat elected Mayor of
Berlin, death of US general John J Pershing, death of Czech statesman Jan
Masaryk, death of US jurist Charles Evans Hughes, WRITE: Giovanni Guareschi,
Harold Acton, WH Auden, Bernard de Voto, TS Eliot, Graham Greene, Aldous
Huxley, Norman Mailer (The Naked and the Dead), James A Michener, Howard
Spring, Terence Rattigan, Lawrence Durrell, Thornton Wilder, Alan Paton (Cry,
the Beloved Country), Irwin Shaw, Nevil Shute, Evelyn Waugh, Tennessee
Williams, Sartre, Jean Cocteau, Dwight D Eisenhower, Thomas Merton, Lloyd C
Douglas, Churchill, Arthur Keith, LB Namier, Malraux, Martin Buber, WR Inge,
Harold Laski, “The White House Papers of Harry L Hopkins” published, World
Jewish Congress meets, World Council of Churches organized in Amsterdam,
Deaths: Alfred Kerr (GER), Egon Erwin Kisch (GER-CZE), Emil Ludwig (GER),
Nikolai Aleksandrivich Berdyaev (RUS), Charles A Beard (USA) 135 million
paperback books sold during year, ART: Churchill made Honorary Academican
Extraordinary, Ferdinand Leger, Ben Shahn, Jackson Pollock, Henry Moore,
Lyonel Feininger, death of TT Heine (GER), death of DW Griffith (USA director),
Arshile Gorky, Films: “Hamlet” (Olivier), “The Red Shoes” “Oliver Twist” “The
Fallen Idol” “Bitter Rice” “The Naked City” “the Bicycle Thief” “Louisiana
Story” “Macbeth” (Orson Welles), “The Young Guard, MUSIC: Olivier
Messiaen,Howard Hanson, , Bohuslav Martinu, Britten, Arnold Schonberg,
Werner Egk, Richard Strauss, Cole Porter (Kiss Me Kate), deathsL Franz Lehar,
Richard Tauber, Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, Umberto Giordano (ITA), Popular
songsL “Nature Boy” “All I Want for Christmas in My Two Front Teeth”
“Buttons and Bows”, SCIENCE: Lajos Janossy writes about cosmic rays,
aureonycon and chloromycetin prepared, long-playing record developed, death of
Orville Wright, Charlotte Auerbach studies science of chemogenetics, uranium
price rises to 1600 per ton, Ferdinand Porsche builds “Porsche 356” starting
empire, First port radar system introduced in Liverpool, US tests rocket missiles
in NM – height of 78 miles, Mt. Palomar telescope dedicated, Idlewild Airport on
Long Island dedicated (renamed Kennedy in 1963), death of Ruth Benedict US
anthropologist, Alfred C Kinsey publishes controversial work on sexual behavior
in the human male, British railroads nationalized, First World Health Assembly
meets in Geneva, end of British bread rationing, British Electricity Authority
established, death of Babe Ruth, London Olympiad – Fanny BlankersKoen wins
four golds for Netherlands, Joe Louis retires, Federal Rent Control bill passes,
Selective Service Act in US provides for military draft, “Citation” wins Triple
Crown with four-time winner jockey Eddie Arcaro, artists: Art Mooney, Freddy
Martin, Dinah Shore, Qynonie Harris, Les Brown, Both Edu Sullivan and Milton
Berle appear on television, Leakey finds proconsul skull, Berlin airlift begins until
1949, Temple Square reaches 1 million visitors and Hill Cumorah Pageant
resumes, death of Mahatma Gandhi, Israel created and attacked, RussianAmerican physicist George Gamow announces Big Bang Theory, NATO formed,
Soviet Blockade of West Berlin to 1949, War between Arab League and Israel,
Mahatma Gandhi assassinated by Hindu extremist, Communist coup in
Czechoslovakia – People’s Republic formed, State of Israel declared, Soviet
blockade of West Berlin and subsequent airlift, Ceylon becomes self-governing
dominion, China split by Communists and Nationalists, Korea divided,
1949 Khait landslide, Mao Zedong proclaims People’s Republic of China, NATO
formed, Republic of Ireland formally declared and Ireland leaves Commonwealth,
Earthquake in Ecuador, Landslide in India, Louis Armstrong returns to Mardi
Gras as king of New Orleans Zulu krewe * Former President Hoover confers with
President George Albert Smith regarding government waste, Truman praises
Brigham Young and SLC in American Society of Engineers for foresight,
President G.A. Smith and Elder Benson send Truman Book of Mormon and other
LDS literature, start of relationships between Gerald R. Ford and Mormons –
especially Ford’s skiing partner James E. Brown an FBI agent, Jan - Neb storm
causes 20 foot drifts, Jun 2 - Tornado creates circle around Alfalfa, OK, "South
Pacific" debuts on Broadway, earthquakes in WA Vancouver Turkey and
Turkmenistan – last killing 110 k, Miles Davis releases “Birth of the Cool”, boxer
Joe Lewis retires, X-ray astronomy begins, Mexican artist José Orozco dies,
NATO formed, Maoist Revolution establishes Republic of China, Miller's "Death
of a Salesman" and Simone de Beavoir's "The Second Sex", death of FrenchBelgian poet and winner of 1911 Nobel Prize Maurice Maeterlinck, death of
German composer Richard Strauss, death of German musician and director Hans
Pfitzner, death of Norwegian novelist Sigrid Undset, Dean Acheston appointed
US Secretary of State, President Harry S Truman inaugurated, Tientsin falls to
Communists – Chiang Kai-shek resigns – Communist army resumes offensive
against Nationalist troops, Chiang Kai-shek removes forces to Formosa –
Communist China proclaimed under Mao Tse-tung with Chou En-lai as premier,
Vishinsky replaces Molotov as USSR Foreign Minister, North Atlantic Treaty
sogned in Washington, Republic of Eire proclaimed in Dublin – Britain
recognizes Eire’s independence, US Foreign Assistance Bill grants another 5.43
billion to Europe, Statute of Council of Europe established with Strasbourg as
headquarters, Israel admitted to UN – capital moved from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem,
Berlin blockade lifted, German Federal Republic comes into being with Bonn as
capital, Transjordan renamed Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Vietnam state
established at Saigon, US completes withdrawal of occupying forces in S Korea,
Apartheid program established in South Africa, UN warns of danger of civil war
in Korea, theodor Heuss elected President with Konrad Adenauer Chancellor of
West Germany – participant in Marshall Plann, Britain devalues the pound
sterling fromo over $4 to about $2.80, Berlin airlift ends after 277,264 flights,
Democratic Republic established in East Germany with Pieck as president, Eleven
US Communists convicted of trying to overthrow government, India adopts
constitution as federal republic, Holland transfers sovereignty to Indonesia and
France to Vietnam, Pandit Nehru becomes Prime Minister of Indi, President
Truman appoints Tom C Clark and Sherman Minto to Supreme Court,
WRITE:Nelson Algren, HE Bates, Joyce Cary, James Gould Cozzens, Nancy
Mitford, Charles Morgan, George Orwell (Nineteen Eighty-Four), TS Eliot,
Arthur Miller (Death of a Salesman), John O’Hara, Tom Lea, William Faulkner,
Fulton Oursler, Norman Vincent Peale, Colette, Nelly Sachs, Robert E Sherwood,
Edith Sitwell, Carson McCullers, Edward Streeter, JP Marquand, Eleanor
Roosevelt, JD Bernal, Roy Lewis and Angus Maude, Erich Fromm, Paul Tillich,
Albert Schweitzer, Brecht forms Berliner Ensemble, Hungarian cardinal
Mindszenty sentenced to life imprisonment for high treason, The “Great
Palindrome” solved, Deaths: Thommy Handley (ENG), Axel Munthe, Maurice
Maeterlinck, Sigrid Undset (NOR), Rabbi Stephen S Wise, Lomonosov U in
Moscow built, ART: Graham Sutherland, Kenneth Clark, Jacob Epstein, Chagall,
Deaths: James Ensor (BEL), Walter Kuhn, Jose Orozco, Kokoschka Expo at NY
MOMA, Films: “The Third Man” “La Macchina Ammazzacattivi” “Manon” “The
Winslow Boy” “All The King’s Men” “Les Enfants terribles”, MUSIC: Arthur
Bliss (The Olympians) Britten, Carl Orff, Theodor W Adorno, Kurt Weill,
Rodgers and Hammerstein (South Pacific), Leonard Bernstein, Peter Racine
Fricker, George Antheil, Bela Bartok, Paul Hindemith, Darius Milhaud, Deaths:
Richard Strauss, Hans Pfitzner, The samba comes into fashion, Popular songsL
“Bali Ha’I” “Some Enchanted Evening” “I’m in Love With a Wonderful Guy”
“So in Love” “Riders in the Sky” “I Love Those Dear Hearts and Gentle People”
“Diamonds are a Girl’s Best Friend” “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer”,
SCIENCE: Philip Hench discovers cortisone, Neomycin isolated by Waksman,
USSR tests its first atomic bomb, death of German chemist and industrialist
Friedrich bergius, RWG Wyckoff writes about electronic microscopy, WF Giague
wins prize for chemical thermodynamics, US Air Force crosses US in 3 hours 46
minutes, US launches guided missile 250 miles, death of US psychologist Edward
L Thorndike, British Gas Industry nationalized, Charlemagne Prize for European
understanding established, Geoffrey de Havilland “Comet” airplane created,
Clothes rationing ends in Britain, First Emmy Awards, Cable tv started for weak
signal areas, Milton Berle hosts first telethon benefiting cancer research, “These
Are My Children” daytime drama premiers, “Pantomime Quiz” most popular
show, Top Television: “The Texaco Star Theater” “Toast of the Town” (Ed
Sullivan), “Arthur godfrey’s Talent Scouts” “Fireball Fun for All” “Philco
Television Playhouse” artists: Vaughn Monroe, Freddy Martin, Perry Como,
Freddy martin, Charles Brown Trio, Leroi-Gourhan discovers Neanderthal art in
cave, first telecast conference, Work on Primary Children’s Hospital begins as old
hospital is obsolete, Communists take China, Formal armistice establishes nation
of Israel, Communists overwhelm Nationalists in China and Chiang Kai-Shek
flees to Formosa (Taiwan) and Peking becomes capital of China, Communist
China gives support to Vietnam’s Ho Chi Minh, Comecon the Communist version
of the EEC forms with USSR ALB BUL CZE HUN POL ROM – later EGER
CUB MONG and ALB leaves, Communist regime in China, <i>Apartheid</i>
policy in South Africa, NATO forms, Mao established Communism in China –
Chinese nationalists escape to Formosa (Taiwan), Official division of Germany,
Comecon founded in response to NATO, France recognizes Vietnam and
Cambodia as independent, End of Russian blockade of Berlin, Arab-Israeli
armistice – Jerusalem partitioned, Russia recognizes People’s Republic of China,