Хронология слов кхуздула.
aglâb «разговорный язык», `(spoken) language' 1959-60
WJ:395 (Quendi and Eldar) 1959-60
The Dwarves indeed, as later became known, had a far more elaborate and organized system.
They possessed in fact a secondary tengwesta of gestures, concurrent with their spoken
language, which they began to learn almost as soon as they began learning to speak. It should
be said rather that they possessed a number of such gesture-codes; for unlike their spoken
language, which remained astonishingly uniform and unchanged both in time and in locality,
their gesture-codes varied greatly from community to community. And they were differently
employed. Not for communication at a distance, for the Dwarves were short-sighted, but for
secrecy and the exclusion of strangers.
The component sign-elements of any such code were often so slight and so swift that they
could hardly be detected, still less interpreted by uninitiated onlookers. As the Eldar eventually
discovered in their dealings with the Naugrim, they could speak with their voices but at the
same time by ‘gesture’ convey to their own folk modifications of what was being said. Or they
could stand silent considering some proposition, and yet confer among themselves meanwhile.
This ‘gesture-language’, or as they called it iglishmêk, the Dwarves were no more eager to
teach than their own tongue. But they understood and respected the disinterested desire for
knowledge, and some of the later Ñoldorin loremasters were allowed to learn enough of both
their lambe (agläb) and their iglishmêk to understand their systems.
Though a lambe was thus theoretically simply a tengwesta that happened to employ phonetic
signs, hlontti tengwi, the early loremasters held that it was the superior form, capable of
producing a system incalculably more subtle, precise and extensive than any hwerme or
gesture-code. When unqualified, therefore, tengwesta meant a spoken language. But in
technical use it meant more than lambe. The study of a language included not only lambe, the
way of speaking (that is what we should call its phonetics and phonology), but also its
morphology, grammar, and vocabulary.
ai-mênu «на вас», `upon you' с aya и mênu. 1942,
WR:20 ch.2 Helm`s deep (Fall of Saruman) 1942
Gimli's cry as he sprang on the Orcs who had fallen on Éomer: Baruk Khazad! Khazad aimênu! appears in this form from the first writing of the scene. Years later, after the publication
of LR, my father began on an analysis of all fragments of other languages (Quenya, Sindarin,
Khuzdul, the Black Speech) found in the book, but unhappily before he had reached the end of
FR the notes, at the outset full and elaborate, had diminished to largely uninterpretable jottings.
Baruk he here translated as ‘axes', without further comment; ai-mênu is analysed as aya, mēnu,
but the meanings are not clearly legible: most probably aya ‘upon’, mēnu ‘ace. pl. you’.
SA2 : III ch.7 p 172.173 1954
They turned and ran. At that moment some dozen Orcs that had lain motionless among the slain
leaped to their feet, and came silently and swiftly behind. Two flung themselves to the ground
at Éomer's heels, tripped him, and in a moment they were on top of him. But a small dark
figure that none had observed sprang out of the shadows and gave a hoarse shout: Baruk
Khazâd! Khazad ai-mênu! An axe swung and swept back. Two Orcs fell headless. The rest
fled.
Down from the wall leapt Gimli with a fierce cry that echoed in the cliffs. ‘Khazâd! Khazad!’’
He soon had work enough.
‘Ai-oi! ’ he shouted. ‘The Orcs are behind the wall. Ai-oi! Come, Legolas! There are enough
for us both. Khazâd ai-mênu!’
LOTR App.F 1948 и 1950-1955
The Dwarves are a race apart. Of their strange beginning, and why they are both like and unlike
Elves and Men, the Silmarillion tells; but of this tale the lesser Elves of Middle-earth had no
knowledge, while the tales of later Men are confused with memories of other races.
They are a tough, thrawn race for the most part, secretive, laborious, retentive of the memory of
injuries (and of benefits), lovers of stone, of gems, of things that take shape under the hands of
the craftsmen rather than things that live by their own life. But they are not evil by nature, and
few ever served the Enemy of free will, whatever the tales of Men may have alleged. For Men
of old lusted after their wealth and the work of their hands, and there has been enmity between
the races.
But in the Third Age close friendship still was found in many places between Men and
Dwarves; and it was according to the nature of the Dwarves that, travelling and labouring and
trading about the lands, as they did after the destruction of their ancient mansions, they should
use the languages of men among whom they dwelt. Yet in secret (a secret which unlike the
Elves, they did not willingly unlock, even to their friends) they used their own strange tongue,
changed little by the years; for it had become a tongue of lore rather than a cradle-speech, and
they tended it and guarded it as a treasure of the past. Few of other race have succeeded in
learning it. In this history it appears only in such place-names as Gimli revealed to his
companions; and in the battle-cry which he uttered in the siege of the Hornburg. That at least
was not secret, and had been heard on many a field since the world was young. Baruk Khazâd!
Khazâd aimênu! ‘Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!’
Gimli's own name, however, and the names of all his kin, are of Northern (Mannish) origin.
Their own secret and ‘inner’ names, their true names, the Dwarves have never revealed to any
one of alien race. Not even on their tombs do they inscribe them.
ai-oi ! loc. вероятно «в этом месте» (букв.) или «здесь», или «сюда»; 1942 (1949-1950)
SA2 : III ch.7 p 172.173 1942 (1949-1950)
‘Ai-oi! ’ he shouted. ‘The Orcs are behind the wall. Ai-oi! Come, Legolas! There are enough
for us both. Khazâd ai-mênu!’
aya «на», `upon'. (1957)? 1964-1965
WR:20 ch.2 Helm`s deep (Fall of Saruman) 1942
Gimli's cry as he sprang on the Orcs who had fallen on Éomer: Baruk Khazad! Khazad aimênu! appears in this form from the first writing of the scene. Years later, after the publication
of LR, my father began on an analysis of all fragments of other languages (Quenya, Sindarin,
Khuzdul, the Black Speech) found in the book, but unhappily before he had reached the end of
FR the notes, at the outset full and elaborate, had diminished to largely uninterpretable jottings.
Baruk he here translated as ‘axes', without further comment; ai-mênu is analysed as aya, mēnu,
but the meanings are not clearly legible: most probably aya ‘upon’, mēnu ‘acс. pl. you’.
PE 17-85 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965
D ai-mênu. aya, upon, mênu, accusative pi. 'you'.
Azaghâl, лорд гномов Белегоста, возможно имя на человеческом языке, lord of the
Dwarves of Belegost. 1950-1951
Silm ch.20 p. 236
Last of all the eastern force to stand firm were the Dwarves of Belegost, and thus they won
renown. For the Naugrim withstood fire more hardily than either Elves or Men, and it was their
custom moreover to wear great masks in battle hideous to look upon; and those stood them in
good stead against the dragons. And but for them Glaurung and his brood would have withered
all that was left of the Noldor. But the Naugrim made a circle about him when he assailed them,
and even his mighty armour was not full proof against the blows of their great axes; and when
in his rage Glaurung turned and struck down Azaghâl, Lord of Belegost, and crawled over him,
with his last stroke Azaghâl drove a knife into his belly, and so wounded him that he fled the
field, and the beasts of Angband in dismay followed after him. Then the Dwarves raised up the
body of Azaghâl and bore it away; and with slow steps they walked behind singing a dirge in
deep voices, as it were a funeral pomp in their country, and gave no heed more to their: foes;
and none dared to stay them.
WJ : 75 Grey Annals 1950-1951
Last of all the eastern force to stand firm were the Enfeng of [Nogrod >] Belegost, and thus
won renown. Now the Naugrim withstood fire more hardily than either Elves or Men, and it
was the custom moreover of the Enfeng to wear great masks [struck out: or vizors] in battle
hideous to look upon, which stood them in good stead against the drakes. And but for them
Glaurung and his brood would have withered all that was left of the Noldor. But the Naugrim
made a circle about him when he assailed them, and even his mighty armour was not full proof
against the blows of their great axes; and when in his rage he turned and struck down Azaghâl
of Belegost and crawled over him, with his last stroke Azaghâl drove a knife into his belly and
so wounded him that he fled the field and the beasts of Angband in dismay followed after him.
Had Azaghâl but borne a sword great woe would have been spared to the Noldor that after
befell [added:] but his knife went not deep enough. / But then the Enfeng raised up the body of
Azaghâl and bore it away; and with slow steps they walked behind, singing a dirge in their deep
voices, as it were a funeral pomp in their own country, and gave no heed more to their foes; and
indeed none dared to stay them.
WJ : 143 Grey Annals 1950-1951
‘It had a visor (after the manner of those that the Dwarves used in their forges for the shielding
of their eyes), and the face of one that wore it struck fear into the hearts of all beholders, but
was itself guarded from dart and fire.’ It is said here that the Helm was originally made for
Azaghâl Lord of Belegost, and the history of how it came to Húrin is told.
UT 98 Narn I hin Hurin 1950-e
But in truth this helm had not been made for Men, but for Azaghăl Lord of Belegost, he who
was slain by Glaurung in the Year of Lamentation.4 It was given by Azaghăl to Maedhros, as
guerdon for the saving of his life and treasure, when Azaghăl was waylaid by Orcs upon the
Dwarf-road in East Beleriand.5
UT165 Narn I hin Hurin 1950-e
In that field the Dwarves withstood him and Azaghăl of Belegost pricked him so deep that he
fled back to Angband. But here is a thorn sharper and longer than the knife of Azaghăl.’
UT188 Narn I hin Hurin 1950-e
5 The Ore-raid into East Beleriand in which Maedhros saved Azaghăl is nowhere else referred
to.
Azan «туман», 'dimness, shadow' 1958
RC 269 Guide to names of LOTR 1958: [Concerning Azanulbizar, in the manuscript of
Nomenclature Tolkien comments that it is the]
'Dwarf name of Nan Duhirion, Common Speech Dimrill Dale. Sindarin nan(d) valley / dû dim,
dark - sîr stream > Duhir-ion 'region of the dim streams'. It not is here genitive, but in
apposition to nan(d) 'valley', though in English 'of is often inserted in such cases (as the City of
Rome): the valley (that is called) Duhirion.
The analysis of the dwarf Azanulbizar is uncertain. Azan was probably a plural of uzu 'dimness,
shadow' (cf. Khazad - Khuzd); -ul was a genitive ending of patronymics such as Balin Fundinul
B[alin] (son of) F[undin]; bizār was probably a plural of a stem b-z-r a small stream (running
down from a spring). 'The rills of the shadows'. The combination was used as a name of the
valley, without expression of valley. (Dwarvish d-b-n) is merely an alteration of full name
duban azanulbizar.'
Azanûl, короткая форма Azanulbizar, 1939 - 1942
RS:466 ch.25 Mines of Moria (Story continued) конец 1939
Against Uruktharbun is pencilled Azanulbizâr, which in FR is the Dwarvish name of Dimrilldale. If Uruktharbun is Moria (and the next revision of this text has ‘the dwarflords of Khazaddum’), Azanulbizâr may have been intended to replace it and to have referred at first to Moria;
on the other hand, my father may perhaps have wished to name the ‘dwarflords’ as lords in the
Dimrill-dale. It may be mentioned that placed in this manuscript, though written on different
paper and presumably belonging to a later stage when Gimli had become a member of the
Company, is a sheet of primary workings for his song in Moria; and in these occur the lines:
When Durin came to Azanûl
and found and named the nameless pool.
In notes written years later (after the publication of The Lard of the Rings) my father observed
that ‘the interpretation of the Dwarf names (owing to scanty knowledge of Khuzdul) is largely
uncertain, except that, since this region [i.e. Moria and Dimrill-dale] was originally a Dwarfhome and primarily named by them, the Sindarin and Westron names are probably in origin of
similar senses.’ He interpreted (hesitantly) Azanulbizar as containing ZN ‘dark, dim’, ul
‘streams', and bizar a dale or valley, the whole thus meaning ‘Vale of Dim Streams'.
TI-184 гл.9 Mines of Moria 1939 - 1942
The world was fair, the mountains tall,
With gold and silver gleamed his hall,
When Durin's throne of carven stone
Yet stood behind the guarded wall.
The world is dark, the mountains old,
In shadow lies the heaped gold;
In Durin's halls no hammer falls,
The forges ’ fires are grey and cold.
Among many other half-formed lines or couplets are:
When Durin woke and gave to gold
its first and secret name of old
When Durin came to Azanûl
and found and named the nameless pool11
Azanulbizar «Долина Туманных ручьев», `Dimrill Dale'. 1939
RS:466 ch.25 Mines of Moria (Story continued) 1939
Against Uruktharbun is pencilled Azanulbizâr, which in FR is the Dwarvish name of Dimrilldale. If Uruktharbun is Moria (and the next revision of this text has ‘the dwarflords of Khazaddum’), Azanulbizâr may have been intended to replace it and to have referred at first to Moria;
on the other hand, my father may perhaps have wished to name the ‘dwarflords’ as lords in the
Dimrill-dale. It
may be mentioned that placed in this manuscript, though written on
different paper and presumably belonging to a later stage when
Gimli had become a member of the Company, is a sheet of primary
workings for his song in Moria; and in these occur the lines:
When Durin came to Azanûl
and found and named the nameless pool.
In notes written years later (after the publication of The Lard of the Rings) my father observed
that ‘the interpretation of the Dwarf names (owing to scanty knowledge of Khuzdul) is largely
uncertain, except that, since this region [i.e. Moria and Dimrill-dale] was originally a Dwarfhome and primarily named by them, the Sindarin and Westron names are probably in origin of
similar senses.’ He interpreted (hesitantly) Azanulbizar as containing ZN ‘dark, dim’, ul
‘streams', and bizar a dale or valley, the whole thus meaning ‘Vale of Dim Streams'.
PM : 275 Prologue and App. 1948, 1950-55
Durin was the name of one of the fathers of all the race of the Dwarves. In the deeps of time
and the beginning of that people he came to Azanulbizar, the Dimrill Dale, and in the caves
above Kibil-nâla [> Kheled-zâram],
PM 279 The draft typescript, however, became rough manuscript, though still closely
approaching the final form (RK pp. 356-7), with the story of the great burning of the dead at the
end of the Battle of Azanulbizar, and the departure of Thráin and Thorin Oakenshield to
Dunland and
PM 287
9 The deaths of Frerin and Fundin, and the retreat to the wood where Thorin cut the oak-bough
from which he got his name (RK p. 355 and footnote), had not been mentioned in the draft
typescript in the account of the Battle of Azanulbizar. The story that Thorin carried an
unpainted shield of oak wood disappeared.
Lotr I 369 1954
There the Misty Mountains divide, and between their arms lies the deep-shadowed valley
which we cannot forget: Azanulbizar, the Dimrill Dale, which the Elves call Nanduhirion.’
‘It is for the Dimrill Dale that we are making,’ said Gandalf. ‘If we climb the pass that is called
the Redhorn Gate, under the far side of Caradhras, we shall come down by the Dimrill Stair
into the deep vale of the Dwarves.
LOTR I I I p.442 App.A During the early 1950s, some revisions in 1965
At last all the Orcs that fled before them were gathered in Moria, and the Dwarf host in pursuit
came to Azanul-bizar.
So began the Battle of Azanulbizar (or Nan-duhirion in the Elvish tongue), at the memory of
which the Orcs still shudder and Dwarves weep.
UT 415 (Quest of Erebor) early 1950-s
The Dwarves Thror and his son Thrăin (together with Thrăin's son Thorin, afterwards called
Oakenshield) escaped from the Lonely Mountain (Erebor) by a secret door when the dragon
Smaug descended upon it. Thrŏr returned to Moria, after giving to Thrăin the last of the Seven
Rings of the Dwarves, and was killed there by the Ore Azog, who branded his name on Thrŏr's
brow. It was this that led to the War of the Dwarves and the Orcs, which ended in the great
Battle of Azanulbizar (Nanduhi-rion) before the East-gate of Moria in the year 2799.
UT423
5 Dăin II Ironfoot was born in the year 2767; at the Battle of Azanulbizar (Nanduhirion) in
2799 he slew before the East-gate of Moria the great Orc Azog, and so avenged Thror, Thorin's
grandfather. He died in the Battle of Dale in 3019. (The Lord of the Rings, Appendices A (III)
and B.) Frodo learnt from Gloin at Rivendell that ‘Dăin was still King under the Mountain, and
was now old (having passed his two hundred and fiftieth year), venerable, and fabulously rich’.
(The Fellowship of the Ring II I.)
The typescript B of the earlier version begins thus:
UT 424
So Thorin Oakenshield became the Heir of Durin, but an heir without hope. At the sack of
Erebor he had been too young to bear arms, but at Azanulbizar he had fought in the van of the
assault; and when Thrăin was lost he was ninety-five, a great Dwarf of proud bearing. He had
no Ring, and (for that reason maybe) he seemed content to remain in Eriador. There he
laboured long, and gained such wealth as he could; and his people were increased by many of
the wandering Folk of Durin that heard of his dwelling and came to him. Now they had fair
halls in the mountains, and store of goods, and their days did not seem so hard, though in their
songs they spoke ever of the Lonely Mountain far away, and the treasure and the bliss of the
Great Hall in the light of the Arkenstone.
TI 174 Ring goes South 1939-42
On Azanulbizar see VI.465, note 36. Nanduhirion here first occurs, but the form Nanduhiriatb
is found as an emendation to the text of the original version of the chapter, VI.433, note 13.
RC 269 Guide to names of LOTR: 1958? 1966-1967?
[Concerning Azanulbizar, in the manuscript of Nomenclature Tolkien comments that it is the]
'Dwarf name of Nan Duhirion, Common Speech Dimrill Dale. Sindarin nan(d) valley / dû dim,
dark - sîr stream > Duhir-ion 'region of the dim streams'. It not is here genitive, but in
apposition to nan(d) 'valley', though in English 'of is often inserted in such cases (as the City of
Rome): the valley (that is called) Duhirion.
The analysis of the dwarf Azanulbizar is uncertain. Azan was probably a plural of uzu 'dimness,
shadow' (cf. Khazad - Khuzd); -ul was a genitive ending of patronymics such as Balin Fundinul
B[alin] (son of) F[undin]; bizār was probably a plural of a stem b-z-r a small stream (running
down from a spring). 'The rills of the shadows'. The combination was used as a name of the
valley, without expression of valley. (Dwarvish d-b-n) is merely an alteration of full name
duban azanulbizar.'
RC 768 Dimrill Dale. CS name of Dwarvish Azanulbizar, Grey-elven Nan Duhi-rion. The CS
form is an accurate translation: the valley of the dim (overshadowed) rills that ran down the
mountain-side. Translate by sense.
Artist and Illustrator167, 1940
Khazad-dum, the Dwarrowdelf, that is now called the Black Pit, Moria in the Elvish tongue.
Yonder stands Barazinbar, the Redhorn, cruel Caradhras; and beyond him are Silvertine and
Cloudyhead: Celebdil the White, and Fanuidhol the Grey, that we call Zirakzigil and
Bundushathur. 'There the Misty Mountains divide, and between their arms lies the deepshadowed valley which we cannot forget:
Azanulbizar, the Dimrill Dale, which the Elves call Nan-duhirion.'
The names written on the sketch date it to about late 1940, contemporary with the manuscript
in which two of the three mountains were first named,25 and before the amendments to the
typescript that followed soon after, in which Kelebras was renamed Kelebdil and Fanuiras was
altered to Fanuidhol.
PE17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-65?
D Azanul-bizar, uncertain, but probably `ZN = dark, dim and ûl — streams? bizar, a
dale or valley.
Azanulbizâr «Долина Туманных ручьев», `Vale of Dim Streams'. 1939
RS:466 ch.25 Mines of Moria (Story continued) 1939
Against Uruktharbun is pencilled Azanulbizâr, which in FR is the Dwarvish name of Dimrilldale. If Uruktharbun is Moria (and the next revision of this text has ‘the dwarflords of Khazaddum’), Azanulbizâr may have been intended to replace it and to have referred at first to Moria;
on the other hand, my father may perhaps have wished to name the ‘dwarflords’ as lords in the
Dimrill-dale. It may be mentioned that placed in this manuscript, though written on different
paper and presumably belonging to a later stage when Gimli had become a member of the
Company, is a sheet of primary workings for his song in Moria; and in these occur the lines:
When Durin came to Azanûl
and found and named the nameless pool.
In notes written years later (after the publication of The Lard of the Rings) my father observed
that ‘the interpretation of the Dwarf names (owing to scanty knowledge of Khuzdul) is largely
uncertain, except that, since this region [i.e. Moria and Dimrill-dale] was originally a Dwarfhome and primarily named by them, the Sindarin and Westron names are probably in origin of
similar senses.’ He interpreted (hesitantly) Azanulbizar as containing ZN ‘dark, dim’, ul
‘streams', and bizar a dale or valley, the whole thus meaning ‘Vale of Dim Streams'.
RC 269 Guide to names of LOTR: 1958? 1966-1967? [Concerning Azanulbizar, in the
manuscript of Nomenclature Tolkien comments that it is the]
'Dwarf name of Nan Duhirion, Common Speech Dimrill Dale. Sindarin nan(d) valley / dû dim,
dark - sîr stream > Duhir-ion 'region of the dim streams'. It not is here genitive, but in
apposition to nan(d) 'valley', though in English 'of is often inserted in such cases (as the City of
Rome): the valley (that is called) Duhirion.
The analysis of the dwarf Azanulbizar is uncertain. Azan was probably a plural of uzu 'dimness,
shadow' (cf. Khazad - Khuzd); -ul was a genitive ending of patronymics such as Balin Fundinul
B[alin] (son of) F[undin]; bizār was probably a plural of a stem b-z-r a small stream (running
down from a spring). 'The rills of the shadows'. The combination was used as a name of the
valley, without expression of valley. (Dwarvish d-b-n) is merely an alteration of full name
duban azanulbizar.'
TI 166 THE RING GOES SOUTH 1939 – 1942
And he speaks also of ‘Azanul-bizâr, the Dimrill-dale that elves call Nanduhirion’.19
Azanul-bizar «Долина Туманных ручьев» , `Vale of Dim Streams' 1939 – 1942
TI 166 THE RING GOES SOUTH 1939 – 1942
And he speaks also of ‘Azanul-bizâr, the Dimrill-dale that elves call Nanduhirion’.19
PE17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Azanul-bizar, uncertain, but probably 'ZN = dark, dim and ûl — streams? bizar, a dale or
valley.
baraz «красный», “red, or ruddy”? в Barazinbar. Также Baraz, короткое название
Barazinbar. 1939-1942
Lotr I 370 1954
There is the land where our fathers worked of old, and we have wrought the image of those
mountains into many works of metal and of stone, and into many songs and tales. They stand
tall in our dreams: Baraz, Zirak, Shathûr.
Ti 174 (The Ring goes South) 1939-1942
The names of the other Mountains of Moria were not devised at once, however, since though
entered on the manuscript they are still absent from the typescript, where my father inserted
them in the same form. As first devised, the names of the other peaks were Silverhorn,
Celebras (Kelebras) the White (in FR Silvertine, Celebdil), and the Horn of Cloud, Fanuiras
the Grey (in FR Cloudyhead, Fanuidhol); the Dwarvish names were as in FR, Baraz, Zirak,
Shathûr (but Zirak was momentarily Zirik). In the later notes referred to in note 18 my father
said that since Shathûr was the basic Dwarvish name the element probably refers to ‘cloud’,
and was probably a plural ‘clouds'; Bund(u) in the fuller name Bundu-shathûr ‘must therefore
mean “head” or something similar. Possibly bund ( B N D) — u — Shathûr “head in/of
clouds”.’ On Zirak and the longer form Zirakzigil see note 22.
PE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
Baraz- inbar: probably baraz (BRZ) = red, or ruddy, and inbar (NBR), a horn.
The basic dwarf-names were thus Ruddy, Silver-grey, Cloudy, represented in Sindarin
by Caran-, Celeb-, Fanui. [Cf.Tl 174, where this etymology of Bundu-shathûr is cited.]
Barazinbar «Красный рог», гора Мории, на синдарине Caradhras. См. baraz, inbar.
Назван Barazinbar the Cruel гномами из-за его плохой погоды. 1939-1942
Lotr I 370 Yonder stands Barazinbar, the Redhorn, cruel Caradhras; and beyond him are
Silvertine and Cloudyhead: Celebdil the White, and Fanuidhol the Grey, that we call Zirak-zigil
and Bundushathûr.
Lotr 438 The Dwarves delved deep at that time, seeking beneath Barazinbar for mithril, the
metal beyond price that was becoming yearly ever harder to win.40
PM 275 (Prologue and App.) 1948, 1950-1955 And the Dwarves delved deep in his days,
seeking ever for mithril, the metal beyond price that was found in those mines alone, beneath
Barazinbar, the mighty Redhorn Mountain.
TI 166 (The Ring goes South) 1939-1942
Here he says, as in FR, ‘Yonder stands Barazinbar, the Redhorn, cruel Caradhras’, ‘cruel’ being
altered at the moment of writing from ‘the windy’, and that from ‘the tall’, as also was
Caradhras from Caradras.18
Ti 174 (The Ring goes South) 1939-1942
This is the first occurrence of the Dwarvish name Barazinbar, concerning which my father
wrote long after (in the notes referred to in VI.466, notes 36, 39) that Khuzdul baraz (BRZ)
probably = ‘red, or ruddy’, and inbar (MBR) a horn, Sindarin Caradhras < caran-rass being a
translation of the Dwarvish name. — Subsequently both Caradhras and Caradras occur as the
manuscript was originally written, but the latter far more frequently.
TI432 THE TREASON OF ISENGARD -. THE WHITE RIDER1939-1942
This form Zirakinbar, preceding Zirakzigil, is found also in an entirely isolated note:
‘Barazinbar, Zirakinbar, Udushinbar’, together with a reference to ‘Silverhorn and the Horn of
Cloud’.
Artist & Illustrator late 1940
The small aerial view [158], for example, shows the Mountains of Moria, northwest of Lothlorien, sketched in pencil and green, blue, and brown coloured pencil. Here the peaks are
identified as Kelebras (with the Dwarvish name Zirak bracketed), Caradhras (Barazinbar) with
a height of 17,500 feet, and Fanuiras (Shathur). Also indicated are Moria itself, and the Dimrill
Dale across the range, within which the River Blackroot (later named Silverlode) flows down
from the Mirrormere.
Khazad-dum, the Dwarrowdelf, that is now called the Black Pit, Moria in the Elvish tongue.
Yonder stands Barazinbar, the Redhorn, cruel Caradhras; and beyond him are Silvertine and
Cloudyhead: Celebdil the White, and Fanuidhol the Grey, that we call Zirakzigil and
Bundushathur. 'There the Misty Mountains divide, and between their arms lies the deepshadowed valley which we cannot forget:
Azanulbizar, the Dimrill Dale, which the Elves call Nan-duhirion.'
The names written on the sketch date it to about late 1940, contemporary with the manuscript
in which two of the three mountains were first named,25 and before the amendments to the
typescript that followed soon after, in which Kelebras was renamed Kelebdil and Fanuiras was
altered to Fanuidhol.
Baraz- inbar 1957? 1964-1965??
TE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
Baraz- inbar: probably baraz (BRZ) = red, or ruddy, and inbar (NBR), a horn.
bark «секира, топор» 1957? 1964-1965??
PE 17-85 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
The language of the Dwarves is only seen in some geographical names and in the battlecries at Helm's Deep. It is Semitic in cast, leaning phonetically to Hebrew (as suits the
Dwarvish character), but it evidently has some 'broken' plurals, more in Arabic style: baruk
being the plural of bark 'axe', and Khazad of Khuzd [From the letter to Matthews, see 159.]
baruk «топоры, секиры». 1957?
WR:20 1942
Gimli's cry as he sprang on the Orcs who had fallen on Éomer: Baruk Khazad! Khazad aimênu! appears in this form from the first writing of the scene. Years later, after the publication
of LR, my father began on an analysis of all fragments of other languages (Quenya, Sindarin,
Khuzdul, the Black Speech) found in the book, but unhappily before he had reached the end of
FR the notes, at the outset full and elaborate, had diminished to largely uninterpretable jottings.
Baruk he here translated as ‘axes', without further comment; ai-mênu is analysed as aya, mēnu,
but the meanings are not clearly legible: most probably aya ‘upon’, mēnu ‘ace. pl. you’.
SA2 : III ch.7 p 172.173
They turned and ran. At that moment some dozen Orcs that had lain motionless among the slain
leaped to their feet, and came silently and swiftly behind. Two flung themselves to the ground
at Éomer's heels, tripped him, and in a moment they were on top of him. But a small dark
figure that none had observed sprang out of the shadows and gave a hoarse shout: Baruk
Khazâd! Khazad ai-mênu! An axe swung and swept back. Two Orcs fell headless. The rest
fled.
Down from the wall leapt Gimli with a fierce cry that echoed in the cliffs. ‘Khazâd! Khazad!’’
He soon had work enough.
PE17 – 85 Words, Phrases and Passages 1964
D baruk, axes.
The language of the Dwarves is only seen in some geographical names and in the battlecries at Helm's Deep. It is Semitic in cast, leaning phonetically to Hebrew (as suits the
Dwarvish character), but it evidently has some 'broken' plurals, more in Arabic style: baruk
being the plural of bark 'axe', and Khazad of Khuzd [From the letter to Matthews, see 159.]
Baruk Khazâd! «топоры гномов» - воинский клич. 1942
SA2 : III ch.7 p 172.173 1954
They turned and ran. At that moment some dozen Orcs that had lain motionless among the slain
leaped to their feet, and came silently and swiftly behind. Two flung themselves to the ground
at Éomer's heels, tripped him, and in a moment they were on top of him. But a small dark
figure that none had observed sprang out of the shadows and gave a hoarse shout: Baruk
Khazâd! Khazad ai-mênu! An axe swung and swept back. Two Orcs fell headless. The rest
fled.
Down from the wall leapt Gimli with a fierce cry that echoed in the cliffs. ‘Khazâd! Khazad!’’
He soon had work enough.
WR:20 Helms Deep (fall of Saruman) 1942
Gimli's cry as he sprang on the Orcs who had fallen on Éomer: Baruk Khazad! Khazad aimênu! appears in this form from the first writing of the scene. Years later, after the publication
of LR, my father began on an analysis of all fragments of other languages (Quenya, Sindarin,
Khuzdul, the Black Speech) found in the book, but unhappily before he had reached the end of
FR the notes, at the outset full and elaborate, had diminished to largely uninterpretable jottings.
Baruk he here translated as ‘axes', without further comment; ai-mênu is analysed as aya, mēnu,
but the meanings are not clearly legible: most probably aya ‘upon’, mēnu ‘ace. pl. you’.
LOTR App.F 1948 и 1950-1955
The Dwarves are a race apart. Of their strange beginning, and why they are both like and unlike
Elves and Men, the Silmarillion tells; but of this tale the lesser Elves of Middle-earth had no
knowledge, while the tales of later Men are confused with memories of other races.
They are a tough, thrawn race for the most part, secretive, laborious, retentive of the memory of
injuries (and of benefits), lovers of stone, of gems, of things that take shape under the hands of
the craftsmen rather than things that live by their own life. But they are not evil by nature, and
few ever served the Enemy of free will, whatever the tales of Men may have alleged. For Men
of old lusted after their wealth and the work of their hands, and there has been enmity between
the races.
But in the Third Age close friendship still was found in many places between Men and
Dwarves; and it was according to the nature of the Dwarves that, travelling and labouring and
trading about the lands, as they did after the destruction of their ancient mansions, they should
use the languages of men among whom they dwelt. Yet in secret (a secret which unlike the
Elves, they did not willingly unlock, even to their friends) they used their own strange tongue,
changed little by the years; for it had become a tongue of lore rather than a cradle-speech, and
they tended it and guarded it as a treasure of the past. Few of other race have succeeded in
learning it. In this history it appears only in such place-names as Gimli revealed to his
companions; and in the battle-cry which he uttered in the siege of the Hornburg. That at least
was not secret, and had been heard on many a field since the world was young. Baruk Khazâd!
Khazâd aimênu! ‘Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!’
PM 256 (Late writings – of dwarves&Men) 1969
That at least was not secret, and had been heard on many a field since the world was young.
Baruk Khazad! Khazad ai-mêntt! ‘Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!’
PM 296 Late writings (Of dwarves&Men) 1969
But in the Third Age close friendship still was found in many places between Men and
Dwarves; and it was according to the nature of the Dwarves that, travelling and labouring and
trading about the lands, as they did after the destruction of their ancient mansions, they should
use the languages of men among whom they dwelt. Yet in secret (a secret which, unlike the
Elves, they did not willingly unlock, even to their friends) they used their own strange tongue,
changed little by the years; for it had become a tongue of lore rather than a cradle-speech, and
they tended it and guarded it as a treasure of the past. Few of other race have succeeded in
learning it. In this history it appears only in such place-names as Gimli revealed to his
companions; and in the battle-cry which he uttered in the siege of the Hornburg. That at least
was not secret, and had been heard on many a field since the world was young. Baruk Khazad!
Khazad ai-mêntt! ‘Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!’
bizar «долина». 1957? 1964-1965??
RS:466 ch.25 Mines of Moria (Story continued) 1939
Against Uruktharbun is pencilled Azanulbizâr, which in FR is the Dwarvish name of Dimrilldale. If Uruktharbun is Moria (and the next revision of this text has ‘the dwarflords of Khazaddum’), Azanulbizâr may have been intended to replace it and to have referred at first to Moria;
on the other hand, my father may perhaps have wished to name the ‘dwarflords’ as lords in the
Dimrill-dale. It
may be mentioned that placed in this manuscript, though written on
different paper and presumably belonging to a later stage when
Gimli had become a member of the Company, is a sheet of primary
workings for his song in Moria; and in these occur the lines:
When Durin came to Azanûl
and found and named the nameless pool.
In notes written years later (after the publication of The Lard of the Rings) my father observed
that ‘the interpretation of the Dwarf names (owing to scanty knowledge of Khuzdul) is largely
uncertain, except that, since this region [i.e. Moria and Dimrill-dale] was originally a Dwarfhome and primarily named by them, the Sindarin and Westron names are probably in origin of
similar senses.’ He interpreted (hesitantly) Azanulbizar as containing ZN ‘dark, dim’, ul
‘streams', and bizar a dale or valley, the whole thus meaning ‘Vale of Dim Streams'.
PE17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Azanul-bizar, uncertain, but probably 'ZN = dark, dim and ûl — streams? bizar, a dale
or valley.
bizār «ручей» 1958
RC 768 Guide to names of LOTR 1958
bizār was probably a plural of a stem b-z-r a small stream (running down from a spring). 'The
rills of the shadows'. The combination was used as a name of the valley, without expression of
valley. (Dwarvish d-b-n) is merely an alteration of full name duban azanulbizar.'
BND корень «голова», `head'. 1957? 1964-1965??
TI174 (The Ring goes South) 1939-1942
The names of the other Mountains of Moria were not devised at once, however, since though
entered on the manuscript they are still absent from the typescript, where my father inserted
them in the same form. As first devised, the names of the other peaks were Silverhorn,
Celebras (Kelebras) the White (in FR Silvertine, Celebdil), and the Horn of Cloud, Fanuiras
the Grey (in FR Cloudyhead, Fanuidhol); the Dwarvish names were as in FR, Baraz, Zirak,
Shathûr (but Zirak was momentarily Zirik). In the later notes referred to in note 18 my father
said that since Shathûr was the basic Dwarvish name the element probably refers to ‘cloud’,
and was probably a plural ‘clouds'; Bund(u) in the fuller name Bundu-shathûr ‘must therefore
mean “head” or something similar. Possibly bund ( B N D) — u — Shathûr “head in/of
clouds”.’ On Zirak and the longer form Zirakzigil see note 22.
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Bundu-shathûr. Since the basic D. name is Shathûr this element probably refers to cloud: it
is prob. a plural — 'clouds'. Bund(u) must therefore mean 'head" or something similar.
Possibly bund (BND) -u-shathur "head in/of clouds".
The basic dwarf-names were thus Ruddy, Silver-grey, Cloudy, represented in Sindarin by
Caran-, Celeb-, Fanui. [Cf.Tl 174, where this etymology of Bundu-shathitris cited.]
BRZ корень `красный' или `багровый' (TI:174). 1957? 1964-1965??
Ti 174 (The Ring goes South) 1939-1942
This is the first occurrence of the Dwarvish name Barazinbar, concerning which my father
wrote long after (in the notes referred to in VI.466, notes 36, 39) that Khuzdul baraz (BRZ)
probably = ‘red, or ruddy’, and inbar (MBR) a horn, Sindarin Caradhras < caran-rass being a
translation of the Dwarvish name. — Subsequently both Caradhras and Caradras occur as the
manuscript was originally written, but the latter far more frequently.
TE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
Baraz-inbar: probably baraz (BRZ) = red, or ruddy, and inbar (NBR), a horn.
Bund(u) «голова»,“head” 1957? 1964-1965??
TI 174 (The Ring goes South) 1957? 1964-1965??
The names of the other Mountains of Moria were not devised at once, however, since though
entered on the manuscript they are still absent from the typescript, where my father inserted
them in the same form. As first devised, the names of the other peaks were Silverhorn,
Celebras (Kelebras) the White (in FR Silvertine, Celebdil), and the Horn of Cloud, Fanuiras
the Grey (in FR Cloudyhead, Fanuidhol); the Dwarvish names were as in FR, Baraz, Zirak,
Shathûr (but Zirak was momentarily Zirik). In the later notes referred to in note 18 my father
said that since Shathûr was the basic Dwarvish name the element probably refers to ‘cloud’,
and was probably a plural ‘clouds'; Bund(u) in the fuller name Bundu-shathûr ‘must therefore
mean “head” or something similar. Possibly bund ( B N D) — u — Shathûr “head in/of
clouds”.’ On Zirak and the longer form Zirakzigil see note 22.
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1954
D Bundu-shathur. Since the basic D. name is Shathûr this element probably refers to cloud: it
is prob. a plural — 'clouds'. Bund(u) must therefore mean 'head" or something similar.
Possibly bund (BND) -u-shathûr "head in/of clouds".
Bundushathûr «Голова в облаках», `Head in/of Clouds', гора Мории, на синдарине
Fanuidhol «Облачная вершина»,`Cloudyhead'. 1939-1942
TI 174 (The Ring goes South) 1939-1942
The names of the other Mountains of Moria were not devised at once, however, since though
entered on the manuscript they are still absent from the typescript, where my father inserted
them in the same form. As first devised, the names of the other peaks were Silverhorn,
Celebras (Kelebras) the White (in FR Silvertine, Celebdil), and the Horn of Cloud, Fanuiras
the Grey (in FR Cloudyhead, Fanuidhol); the Dwarvish names were as in FR, Baraz, Zirak,
Shathûr (but Zirak was momentarily Zirik). In the later notes referred to in note 18 my father
said that since Shathûr was the basic Dwarvish name the element probably refers to ‘cloud’,
and was probably a plural ‘clouds'; Bund(u) in the fuller name Bundu-shathûr ‘must therefore
mean “head” or something similar. Possibly bund ( B N D) — u — Shathûr “head in/of
clouds”.’ On Zirak and the longer form Zirakzigil see note 22.
Lotr I 370 1954
Yonder stands Barazinbar, the Redhorn, cruel Caradhras; and beyond him are Silvertine and
Cloudyhead: Celebdil the White, and Fanuidhol the Grey, that we call Zirak-zigil and
Bundushathûr.
RC 268 Guide to names of LOTR: 1958 (1966-1967)
In his unfinished index Tolkien gives Shathur as the 'Dwarf-name of Fanuidhol
"Cloudyhead"' and Cloudyhead as a 'translation' of Sindarin 'Fanuidhol, one of the
Mountains of Moria (Elvish^ Sindarin] fain "cloud", fanui "cloudy"; dol "head" (often
applied to hills and mountains))'. In his notes on Dwarvish he said that 'since Shathur was
the basic Dwarvish name the element probably refers to "cloud", and was probably a
plural "clouds"; Bund(u) in the fuller name Bundu-shathur "must therefore mean "head"
or something similar. Possibly bund (BND) - u - Shathur "head in/of clouds"' {The
Treason oflsengard, p. 174).
RC 767 Guide to names of LOTR: 1958 (1966-1967)
Cloudyhead. (Translation of Dwarvish Bundu-shathûr.) Translate by sense.
Bundu-shathûr «Голова в облаках», `Head in/of Clouds', гора Мории, на синдарине
Fanuidhol «Облачная вершина»,`Cloudyhead' 1957? 1964-1965??
RC 767 Guide to names of LOTR: 1958 (1966-1967)
Cloudyhead. (Translation of Dwarvish Bundu-shathûr.) Translate by sense.
TI 174 (The Ring goes South) 1957? 1964-1965??
The names of the other Mountains of Moria were not devised at once, however, since though
entered on the manuscript they are still absent from the typescript, where my father inserted
them in the same form. As first devised, the names of the other peaks were Silverhorn,
Celebras (Kelebras) the White (in FR Silvertine, Celebdil), and the Horn of Cloud, Fanuiras
the Grey (in FR Cloudyhead, Fanuidhol); the Dwarvish names were as in FR, Baraz, Zirak,
Shathûr (but Zirak was momentarily Zirik). In the later notes referred to in note 18 my father
said that since Shathûr was the basic Dwarvish name the element probably refers to ‘cloud’,
and was probably a plural ‘clouds'; Bund(u) in the fuller name Bundu-shathûr ‘must therefore
mean “head” or something similar. Possibly bund ( B N D) — u — Shathûr “head in/of
clouds”.’ On Zirak and the longer form Zirakzigil see note 22.
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Bundu-shathur. Since the basic D. name is Shathûr this element probably refers to cloud: it
is prob. a plural — 'clouds'. Bund(u) must therefore mean 'head" or something similar.
Possibly bund (BND) -u-shathur "head in/of clouds".
The basic dwarf-names were thus Ruddy, Silver-grey, Cloudy, represented in Sindarin by
Caran-, Celeb-, Fanui. [Cf.Tl 174, where this etymology of Bundu-shathûr is cited.]
Bund-u-shathûr «Голова в облаках», `Head in/of Clouds', гора Мории, на синдарине
Fanuidhol «Облачная вершина»,`Cloudyhead' 1957? 1964-1965??
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Bundu-shathur. Since the basic D. name is Shathûr this element probably refers to cloud: it
is prob. a plural — 'clouds'. Bund(u) must therefore mean 'head" or something similar.
Possibly bund (BND) -u-shathur "head in/of clouds".
The basic dwarf-names were thus Ruddy, Silver-grey, Cloudy, represented in Sindarin by
Caran-, Celeb-, Fanui. [Cf.Tl 174, where this etymology of Bundu-shathûr is cited.]
TI 174 (The Ring goes South) 1957? 1964-1965??
The names of the other Mountains of Moria were not devised at once, however, since though
entered on the manuscript they are still absent from the typescript, where my father inserted
them in the same form. As first devised, the names of the other peaks were Silverhorn,
Celebras (Kelebras) the White (in FR Silvertine, Celebdil), and the Horn of Cloud, Fanuiras
the Grey (in FR Cloudyhead, Fanuidhol); the Dwarvish names were as in FR, Baraz, Zirak,
Shathûr (but Zirak was momentarily Zirik). In the later notes referred to in note 18 my father
said that since Shathûr was the basic Dwarvish name the element probably refers to ‘cloud’,
and was probably a plural ‘clouds'; Bund(u) in the fuller name Bundu-shathûr ‘must therefore
mean “head” or something similar. Possibly bund ( B N D) — u — Shathûr “head in/of
clouds”.’ On Zirak and the longer form Zirakzigil see note 22.
Buzundush «Черный корень» или «Черный источник» `Morthond, Blackroot' 1939 –
1942
TI 241 Lothlorien 1939 - 1942
‘Or we could go on far into the South and come at length round the Black Mountains, and
crossing the rivers Isen and Silverlode enter Ond from the regions nigh the sea.’ The two rivernames being transposed, Silverlode in this speech of Boromir's in the earlier chapter was
changed at this time to Blackroot (p. 187 note 1); and in the new version of ‘The Ring Goes
South' the Dwarvish name of the northern river was changed from Buzundush to Kibil-nâla (p.
167 and note 22).
TI166, 167 THE RING GOES SOUTH 1939 - 1942
‘It is for Dimrill-dale that we are making,’ said Gandalf. ‘If we climb the pass that is called the
Dimrill Stair under the red side of Caradhras, we shall come down into the deep dale of the
Dwarves.20 There the River [Redway rises in the black wat(er) Morthond Blackroot >]
Morthond the cold rises in the Mirror-mere.’
‘Dark is the water of Kheledzâram,’ said Gimli, ‘and mirrors only the far sky and three white
peaks; and cold is the water of Buzundush. My heart trembles at the thought that I may see
them soon.’
Obviously, it was as my father began to write the words he intended: ‘the River Redway rises
in the black wat[er of the Mirrormere]’ that he changed the name of the river to Morthond,
‘Blackroot’; and I think that it was here also that the three peaks above Moria entered, mirrored
in the water.21 He then wrote a new passage, no doubt intended to supersede part of that just
given, but struck it out, probably immediately:
There lies Kheledzâram, the Mirror-mere, deep and dark, in which can be seen only the far sky
and three white peaks. From it issues Buzundush, the Blackroot River, Morthond cold and
swift. My heart trembles at the thought that I may see them soon.’22
BZR корень «маленький ручей» 1966-1967
RC 269 Guide to names of LOTR 1958 1966-1967
bizār was probably a plural of a stem b-z-r a small stream (running down from a spring). 'The
rills of the shadows'. The combination was used as a name of the valley, without expression of
valley. (Dwarvish d-b-n) is merely an alteration of full name duban azanulbizar.'
DBN «долина» 1958? 1966-1967
RC 269 Guide to names of LOTR 1958 1966-1967
[Concerning Azanulbizar, in the manuscript of Nomenclature Tolkien comments that it is the]
'Dwarf name of Nan Duhirion, Common Speech Dimrill Dale. Sindarin nan(d) valley / dû dim,
dark - sîr stream > Duhir-ion 'region of the dim streams'. It not is here genitive, but in
apposition to nan(d) 'valley', though in English 'of is often inserted in such cases (as the City of
Rome): the valley (that is called) Duhirion.
The analysis of the dwarf Azanulbizar is uncertain. Azan was probably a plural of uzu 'dimness,
shadow' (cf. Khazad - Khuzd); -ul was a genitive ending of patronymics such as Balin Fundinul
B[alin] (son of) F[undin]; bizār was probably a plural of a stem b-z-r a small stream (running
down from a spring). 'The rills of the shadows'. The combination was used as a name of the
valley, without expression of valley. (Dwarvish d-b-n) is merely an alteration of full name
duban azanulbizar.'
Duban «долина» 1958? 1966-1967
RC 269 Guide to names of LOTR 1958 1966-1967
[Concerning Azanulbizar, in the manuscript of Nomenclature Tolkien comments that it is the]
'Dwarf name of Nan Duhirion, Common Speech Dimrill Dale. Sindarin nan(d) valley / dû dim,
dark - sîr stream > Duhir-ion 'region of the dim streams'. It not is here genitive, but in
apposition to nan(d) 'valley', though in English 'of is often inserted in such cases (as the City of
Rome): the valley (that is called) Duhirion.
The analysis of the dwarf Azanulbizar is uncertain. Azan was probably a plural of uzu 'dimness,
shadow' (cf. Khazad - Khuzd); -ul was a genitive ending of patronymics such as Balin Fundinul
B[alin] (son of) F[undin]; bizār was probably a plural of a stem b-z-r a small stream (running
down from a spring). 'The rills of the shadows'. The combination was used as a name of the
valley, without expression of valley. (Dwarvish d-b-n) is merely an alteration of full name
duban azanulbizar.'
Duban azanulbizar «долина туманных ручьев» 1958? 1966-1967
RC 269 Guide to names of LOTR 1958 1966-1967
[Concerning Azanulbizar, in the manuscript of Nomenclature Tolkien comments that it is the]
'Dwarf name of Nan Duhirion, Common Speech Dimrill Dale. Sindarin nan(d) valley / dû dim,
dark - sîr stream > Duhir-ion 'region of the dim streams'. It not is here genitive, but in
apposition to nan(d) 'valley', though in English 'of is often inserted in such cases (as the City of
Rome): the valley (that is called) Duhirion.
The analysis of the dwarf Azanulbizar is uncertain. Azan was probably a plural of uzu 'dimness,
shadow' (cf. Khazad - Khuzd); -ul was a genitive ending of patronymics such as Balin Fundinul
B[alin] (son of) F[undin]; bizār was probably a plural of a stem b-z-r a small stream (running
down from a spring). 'The rills of the shadows'. The combination was used as a name of the
valley, without expression of valley. (Dwarvish d-b-n) is merely an alteration of full name
duban azanulbizar.'
Dûm «копи, залы» 1964-1965??
RC 225 Guide to names of LOTR 1958 1966-1967
According to the index in The Silmarillion, the element dum is probably a plural or collective,
meaning 'excavations, halls, mansions' (P- 337)- In his unfinished index Tolkien glosses
Khazad-dum as 'deeps of the Khuzd or Dwarves'. See further, note for p. 306.
S422 Khazad The name of the Dwarves in their own language
(Khuzdul). 103
Khazad-dûm The great mansions of the Dwarves of Durin's race in the Misty Mountains (Hadhodrond, Moria).
See Khazad; dûm is probably a plural or collective,
meaning ‘excavations, halls, mansions'. 42,104, 354
PE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
Dûm is probably a plural or collective = excavation(s), hall(s), mansio(ns). [Moria is from
mor(n)-, black + ia 'chasm, pit' [VYAG-].] Cf. Phurunargian, Westron 4PHUR-, delve, narg-,
dwarf.
felak 1) тесло, 2) использовать тесло (PM:352). Возможно «тесатель» `hewer'.
(1959)1968
PM:352 THE SHIBBOLETH OF FËANOR (1959)1968
The name Felagund was of Dwarvish origin. Finrod had help of Dwarves in extending the
underground fortress of Nargothrond. It is supposed originally to have been a hall of the Pettydwarves (Nibinnogs), but the Great Dwarves despised these, and had no compunction in
ousting them - hence Mîm's special hatred for the Elves - especially for great reward. Finrod
had brought more treasure out of Túna than any of the other princes.
Felagund: Dwarvish V felek hew rock, felak a tool like a broad-bladed chisel, or small axehead without haft, for cutting stone; to use this tool, V gunud equivalent of Eldarin s-rot: 56
gundu underground hall, felakgundu, felaggundu ‘cave-hewer’. This name was given because
of Finrod's skill in lighter stone-carving. He cut many of the adornments of the pillars and walls
in Nargothrond. He was proud of the name.
felakgundu «тесатель скал» `cave-hewer' (Felagund). 1959
PM:352 THE SHIBBOLETH OF FËANOR 1959
The name Felagund was of Dwarvish origin. Finrod had help of Dwarves in extending the
underground fortress of Nargothrond. It is supposed originally to have been a hall of the Pettydwarves (Nibinnogs), but the Great Dwarves despised these, and had no compunction in
ousting them - hence Mîm's special hatred for the Elves - especially for great reward. Finrod
had brought more treasure out of Túna than any of the other princes.
Felagund: Dwarvish V felek hew rock, felak a tool like a broad-bladed chisel, or small axehead without haft, for cutting stone; to use this tool, V gunud equivalent of Eldarin s-rot: 56
gundu underground hall, felakgundu, felaggundu ‘cave-hewer’. This name was given because
of Finrod's skill in lighter stone-carving. He cut many of the adornments of the pillars and walls
in Nargothrond. He was proud of the name.
FELEK `тесать скалу'. 1968 (1959)
PM:352 THE SHIBBOLETH OF FËANOR 1968 (1959)
The name Felagund was of Dwarvish origin. Finrod had help of Dwarves in extending the
underground fortress of Nargothrond. It is supposed originally to have been a hall of the Pettydwarves (Nibinnogs), but the Great Dwarves despised these, and had no compunction in
ousting them - hence Mîm's special hatred for the Elves - especially for great reward. Finrod
had brought more treasure out of Túna than any of the other princes.
Felagund: Dwarvish V felek hew rock, felak a tool like a broad-bladed chisel, or small axehead without haft, for cutting stone; to use this tool, V gunud equivalent of Eldarin s-rot: 56
gundu underground hall, felakgundu, felaggundu ‘cave-hewer’. This name was given because
of Finrod's skill in lighter stone-carving. He cut many of the adornments of the pillars and walls
in Nargothrond. He was proud of the name.
Fundinul «сын Фундина». The later 1930s (1939?)
LOTR I 416 SA1 : II ch.4 BALIN SON OF FUNDIN LORD OF MORIA.’ 1954
TI 457 App. Of Runes поздние 1930-е
The next (third) version of the tomb-inscription, at the end of the second version (‘The Lord of
Moria’) of the chapter, is hidden by a fourth version pasted over it; but Taum Santoski has been
able to read the underlying inscription by lighting the page from the back. With Fundin for
Burin (see VI.444) the runic writing thus recovered is almost as in version (i), with the same
use of > for s; but very curiously this same rune is used for o in both occurrences of the word
of, although V for o appears in son, lord, and Moria. In addition, the Dwarvish words Balin
Fundinul Uzbad Khazaddümu are added beneath, the rune for z being apparently X , which is s
in all the alphabets given here.
TI 186 THE MINES OF MORIA (1): THE LORD OF MORIA. 1939-1942
BALIN SON OF FUNDIN
LORD OF MORIA.’
Gabilân, имя реки Gelion. 1950-s (1959)
WJ:336 The Wanderings of Hûrin and other writings в 1950-е с большими
изменениями в 1970
In notes in different places he proposed (in sequence) Gelduin, Gevilon, Gevelon, and also
Duin Daer (cf. Duin Dhaer in the note on the primary map just referred to); Gevelon is derived
from Dwarvish Gabilān ‘great river’. On the back of one of the photocopies of the map he
wrote:
The land east of it [the river] is Thorewilan [the a is underlined]. The Dwarvish name was also
often translated Duin Daer. The name Gabilān was by the Dwarves given only to the River
south of the Falls where (after the junction of the River with the Asgar coming from the
Mountains) it became swift and was steadily increased in volume by the inflow of five more
tributaries.
Gabilgathol «Великая крепость» `Great fortress', Belegost later 1930s, дек1937 - янв
1938
WJ 9-10 Grey annals 1950-1951
In this year the Norn-folk came first over the mountains into Beleriand. This people the Noldor
after named the Naugrim, whom some Men call Dwarves. Their most ancient dwellings were
far to the East, but they had delved for themselves great halls and mansions, after the manner of
their kind, on the east-side of Eryd Luin, north and south of Mount Dolmed, in those places
which the Eldar named Belegost and Nogrod (but they Gabilgathol and Tumunzahar).
WJ 108 Grey annals 1950-1951
This people the Noldor after named the Norn-folk ...’ In GA 2 the words ‘it is recorded among
the Sindar’ are absent, and Naugrim replaces Nauglath.
In QS §124 the Dwarvish names of the cities in Eryd Luin were Gabilgathol (Belegost, the
Great Fortress) and Khazaddûm (Nogrod, the Dwarfmine); Tumunzahar now first appears (also
in QS revised, p. 206, §7).
WJ 201 Concerning the Dwarves The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 1951
Greatest of these was Khazaddûm that was after called in the days of its darkness Moria, and it
was far off in the east in the Mountains of Mist; but Gabilgathol was on [the] east side of
Eredlindon and within reach of the Elves.
In the text of QS as written Nogrod (which goes back to the old Tale of the Nauglafring) is a
translation of Khazaddûm, and the meaning is ‘Dwarfmine’; both Nogrod and Belegost
(Gabilgathol) are specifically stated (QS §122) to have been ‘in the mountains east of
Thargelion’, and were so placed in additions to the second map. In The Lord of the Rings
Khazad-dûm is Moria, and Nogrod and Belegost are ‘ancient cities in the Blue Mountains'
(Appendix A, III).
WJ205 The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 1951 [Marginal note] Thus the Lammas
Gabilgathol and Tumunzahar, which are interpreted in the Gnomish tongue Nornhabar the
Dwarrowdelf, and Belegost Mickleburg, and Nogrod the Hollowbold. Greatest of all the
mansions of the Naugrim was Khazaddûm, that was after called in the days of its darkness
Moria, but it was far off in the Mountains of Mist beyond the wide leagues of Eriador; whereas
Belegost and Nogrod were upon the east side of Eredlindon and nigh to the lands of the Eldar.
WJ209 The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 1951
§7 The names and places of the Dwarf-cities now achieve almost
their final form, and I recapitulate here the complex development:
QS original form, §124 (V.274)
Khazad-dûm = Nogrod = Dwarfmine (in the Blue Mountains)
Gabilgathol = Belegost = Great Fortress
QS original form emended, p. 201
Khazad-dûm = Nogrod = Dwarrowdelf, later Moria
Gabilgathol = Belegost = Great Fortress
QS revised version, §7
Tumunzahar = Nogrod = Hollowbold (in the Blue Mountains)
Gabilgathol = Belegost = Mickleburg
Khazad-dûm = Nornhabar = Dwarrowdelf, later Moria
The Dwarvish name Tumunzahar of Nogrod appears in GA §19, but this is the first occurrence
of the Elvish name Nornhabar.
WJ:389 Quendy and Eldar 1959-1960
The chief dwellings of the Dwarves that became known to the Sindar (though few ever visited
them) were upon the east side of the Eryd Luin. They were called in the Dwarf-tongue
Gabilga-thol and Tumunzahar. The greatest of all the mansions of the Dwarves, Khazad-dûm,
beneath the Hithaeglir far to the east, was known to the Eldar only by name and rumour derived
from the western Dwarves.
These names the Sindar did not attempt to adapt, but translated according to their sense, as
Belegost ‘Mickleburg’; Novrod, later Nogrod, meaning originally ‘Hollowbold’; and
Hadhodrond ‘Dwarrowvault’.21 (Note 26, p. 414) These names the Noldor naturally used in
speaking or writing Sindarin, but for use in Quenya they translated the names anew as Túrosto,
Návarot, and Casarrondo.
LR274 QUENTA SILMARILLION поздние 1930-е, поздние ревизии дек 1937 - янв
1938
Themselves they named Khuzûd, but the Gnomes called them Neweg, the stunted, and those
who dwelt in Nogrod they called Enfeng, the Longbeards, because their beards swept the floor
before their feet. Their chief cities in those days were Khazaddûm and Gabilgathol, which the
Elves of Beleriand called, according to their meaning in the language of Doriath, Nogrod, the
Dwarfmine, and Belegost, the Great Fortress. But few of the Elves, save Meglin of Gondolin,
went ever thither, and the Dwarfs trafficked into Beleriand, and made a great road, passing
under the shoulders of Mount Dolmed, which followed thence the course of Ascar, and crossed
Gelion at Sarn-athrad. There battle later befell, but as yet the Dwarfs troubled the Elves little,
while the power of the Gnomes lasted.
LR 278 Khazaddûm is the first occurrence of the celebrated name. It is interesting to observe
that it existed - but as the Dwarvish name of Nogrod - already at this time. Later the Dwarvish
name of Nogrod was Tumunzahar (The Silmarillion p. 91); Gabilgathol, now first appearing,
remained as the Dwarvish name of Belegost.
S103 Themselves they named Khazâd, but the Sindar called them Naugrim, the Stunted People,
and Gonnhirrim, Masters of Stone. Far to the east were the most ancient dwellings of the
Naugrim, but they had delved for themselves great halls and mansions, after the manner of their
kind, in the eastern side of Ered Luin; and those cities were named in their own tongue
Gabilgathol and Tumunzahar. To the north of the great height of Mount Dolmed was
Gabilgathol, which the Elves interpreted in their tongue Belegost, that is Mickleburg; and
southward was delved Tumunzahar, by the Elves named Nogrod, the Hollowbold. Greatest of
all the mansions of the Dwarves was Khazad-dûm, the Dwarrowdelf, Hadhodrond in the Elvish
tongue, that was afterwards in the days of its darkness called Moria; but it was far off in the
Mountains of Mist beyond the wide leagues of Eriador, and to the Eldar came but as a name
and a rumour from the words of the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains.
Gamil Zirak the Old «Старый пик» или «Старое серебро», The later 1930s, last revisions
Dec 1937 - Jan 1938
UT99 Narn i Hin Hûrin в 1950-е
Now Thingol had in Menegroth deep armouries filled with great wealth of weapons: metal
wrought like fishes' mail an shining like water in the moon; swords and axes, shields an helms,
wrought by Telchar himself or by his master Gamil Zirak the old, or by elven-wrights more
skilful still. For some things he had received in gift that came out of Valinor and were wrought
by Fеanor in his mastery, than whom no craftsman was greater in all the days of the world. Yet
Thingol handled the Helm of Hador as though his hoard were scanty, and he spoke courteous
words, saying: "Proud were the head that bore this helm, which the sires of Hъrin bore."
LT 2 – 129 'Turambar and the Foalоke' c. 1916 - 1920 (~1919 )
Particularly notable is the passage in the tale in which Mavwin holds out the great gold-hoard
of the Rodothlim as a bait to Tinwelint, and Tinwelint unashamedly admits that (as a wild Elf
of the woods) it is this, not any hope of aiding Túrin, that moves him to send out a party. The
majesty, power, and pride of Thingol rose with the development of the conception of the Greyelves of Beleriand; as I have said earlier (p. 63) ‘In the beginning, Tinwelint's dwelling was not
a subterranean city full of marvels . . . but a rugged cave’, and here he is seen planning a foray
to augment his slender wealth in precious things - a far cry from the description of his vast
treasury in the Narn (p. 76):
Now Thingol had in Menegroth deep armouries filled with great wealth of weapons: metal
wrought like fishes' mail and shining like water in the moon; swords and axes, shields and
helms, wrought by Telchar himself or by his master Gamil Zirak the old, or by elven-wrights
more skilful still. For some things he had received in gift that came out of Valinor and were
wrought by Fëanor in his mastery, than whom no craftsman was greater in all the days of the
world.
Great as are the differences from the later legend in the encounter with the dragon, the stinking
vapours raised by his lying in the river as the cause of the miscarriage of the plan, the
maddened flight of the horses, and the enspelling of Nienor so that all memory of her past was
lost, are already present.
S 319 §32 Now Thingol had in Menegroth deep armouries filled with great wealth of weapons;
metal wrought like fishes' mail and shining like water in the moon; swords and axes, shields
and helms, wrought by Telchar himself or by his master Zirak the old, or by elven-wrights
more skilful still.
LR 319 QUENTA SILMARILLION поздние 1930-е, поздние ревизии дек 1937 - янв
1938
§32 Now Thingol had in Menegroth deep armouries filled with great wealth of weapons; metal
wrought like fishes' mail and shining like water in the moon; swords and axes, shields and
helms, wrought by Telchar himself or by his master Zirak the old, or by elven-wrights more
skilful still.
LR 322 QUENTA SILMARILLION поздние 1930-е, поздние ревизии дек 1937 - янв
1938
§32 Here first appear Telchar's master Zirak, and the story that Thingol possessed many
treasures that had come from Valinor (both preserved in the Narn).
Gundabad? 1930-1932 (1969)
LOTR III 442
When all was ready they assailed and sacked one by one all the strongholds of the Orcs that
they could from Gundabad to the Gladden.
HH 670 1933-1936
They marched and gathered by hill and mountain [and till in the great >] going ever by tunnel
or under dark until [<under> >] around and beneath the great mountain Gondobad of the
North™20 a vast host was assembled, ready to sweep down upon the South. Then they learned
of the death of Smaug and joy was in their hearts; and they hastened night after night through
the mountains, and came thus at last on a sudden from the North East, and not even the
Ravens knew of their coming until [the broken >] they issued in the broken lands which
divided the Lonely M. from the [lands >] hills behind.™ 21
HH 675 1933-1936 [The Goblins <had> >] ever since the fall of the Great goblin of the M.
Mountains the hatred of their race for the dwarves had been aroused [> rekindled] to fury.
Tidings in secret ways they had gathered; and in all the Northern Mountains there was forging
and an arming. [When they learned of the fall of Smaug their plan was soon made. >] They
marched and gathered by hill and mountain [and till in the great >] going ever by tunnel or
under dark until [<under> >] around and beneath the great mountain Gondobad of the
North™20 a vast host was assembled, ready to sweep down upon the South.
The spelling was later changed to Gundobad in pencil (Third Phase manuscript page 27;
1/1/18:9) ana" this form appears in both typescripts (1/1/67:4 & 1/1/48:5); the published book
has Gundabad. This is the only mention of Gondobad in The Hobbit, although 'Gundobad' does
appear on the draft Mirkwood map [Plate I (bottom)] and 'Gundabad' on the final Wilderland
map (DAA.[399]), in both cases at the juncture of the north-south Misty Mountains and the
east-west Grey Mountains. The name is Gnomish-Noldorin (i.e., early Sindarin); cf. Gondobar
('City of Stone'), one of the alternate names for Gondolin in The Book of Lost Tales ([1917-20];
BLT II.158), the unfinished 'Lay of the Fall of Gondolin' ([early 1920s]; HME III. 145), and the
poem 'The Nameless Land' ([written 1924, published 1927]; HME V.ioo & 104). I can find no
place where Tolkien defines Gondobad, but GON-/GOND-/ GONDO- means 'stone' or 'of
stone' (Gondo-lin, 'Song of Stone'; Gon-dor, 'Stone-land') and the -BAD element may relate to
the Gnomish word bad meaning 'way, path' (Gnomish Lexicon, Parma Eldalamberon
vol.XI.21; 'Noldorin Dictionary' and 'Noldorin Word-lists', Parma Eldalamberon vol.XIII.160
& 137). If so, 'Gondobad' might mean something like 'the crossroads of stone', which would
suit its position at the meeting of these two great mountain ranges riddled with dwarven and
goblin mines and tunnels, but this is only a guess. Much later [1969 or after] Tolkien decided
that Gundabad was a dwarven (Khuzdul) name (HME XII.301), but this clearly could not have
been the case at the time The Hobbit was written, since the idea of a dwarven language and
nomenclature distinct from Old Norse seems to have first arisen several years after The Hobbit
was finished, in the 1937 Quenta Silmarillion (HME V.273-4) and the Lhammas, which dates
from about the same period (HME V. 178-9). Tolkien also in this late essay created a new
backstory for Mount Gundabad, deciding that this was the spot where Durin had woken from
sleep and that it was thus, like Moria, originally a revered dwarven stronghold now fallen into
orcish hands (HME XII.301). Of all this later development there is of course no trace in The
Hobbit, unless its seeds lie in Gandalf/Thorin's remark that his ancestors first came to the
Lonely Mountain when they were 'driven out of the far north' (page 71); The Lord of the Rings
suggests that Khazad-dum (Moria), if anywhere, was the stronghold revered for its associations
with Durin the Deathless.
HH 712 1933-1936
The other, of course, being Golfimbul (or, in the First Phase text, Fingol-firi) of Mount Gram,
killed by Bullroarer Took in the Battle of the Green Fields. Mount Gram appears only in this
context, but this may merely be another name for Gondobad/Gundabad, not least because
'Gram' is a Norse name (famous as the name of Sigurd's sword forged or reforged by Regin)
and thus would seem to belong to the area north and east of Bilbo's home and because the
Misty Mountains, which are particularly associated with the goblins throughout The Hobbit,
also seem to be the mountains closest to Bilbo's home (cf. Bilbo's never having seen a mountain
before, page III.
HH 785 1933-1936 Golfimbul is changed to 'Gulfimbul', either because of the further evolution
of Tolkien's languages (cf. Mt. Gondobad > Gundabad, page 675) or because Tolkien had now
dropped the 'golf joke and so no longer needed (or wanted) the -golf- element to appear in the
goblin-king's name.
Hobbit 107 1933-1936 So began a battle that none had expected; and it was called the Battle of
Five Armies, and it was very terrible. Upon one side were the Goblins and the wild Wolves,
and upon the other were Elves and Men and Dwarves. This is how it fell out. Ever since the fall
of the Great Goblin of the Misty Mountains the hatred of their race for the dwarves had been
rekindled to fury. Messengers had passed to and fro between all their cities, colonies and
strongholds; for they resolved now to win the dominion of the North. Tidings they had gathered
in secret ways; and in all the mountains there was a forging and an arming. Then they marched
and gathered by hill and valley, going ever by tunnel or under dark, until around and beneath
the great mountain Gundabad of the North, where was their capital, a vast host was assembled
ready to sweep down in time of storm unawares upon the South. Then they learned of the death
of Smaug, and joy was in their hearts: and they hastened night after night through the
mountains, and came thus at last on a sudden from the North hard on the heels of Dain. Not
even the ravens knew of their coming until they came out in the broken lands which divided the
Lonely Mountain from the hills behind. How much Gandalf knew cannot be said, but it is plain
that he had not expected this sudden assault.
Ann. 8 This is the only appearance of the name Gundabad in the text of The Hobbit. It also appears on the map of Wilderland, in the northwest corner,
where the Grey Mountains meet the Misty Mountains.
In some writings originally intended for Appendix A of The Lord of the
Rings, now published in volume twelve of the History, The Peoples of Middleearth, we learn that Mount Gundabad was the place where Durin, one of the
Seven Ancestors of the Dwarves, first awakened. Durin was the father of the
eldest race of Dwarves, the Longbeards. For this reason the Dwarves revered
Gundabad, and its occupation by Ores during the Third Age was one of the
chief reasons for the enmity between Dwarves and Ores (p. 301).
PM301 OF DWARVES AND MEN c. 1969
In the Dwarvish traditions of the Third Age the names of the places where each of the Seven
Ancestors had ‘awakened’ were remembered; but only two of them were known to Elves and
Men of the West: the most westerly, the awakening place of the ancestors of the Firebeards and
the Broadbeams; and that of the ancestor of the Longbeards, 24 the eldest in making and
awakening. The first had been in the north of the Ered Lindon, the great eastern wall of
Beleriand, of which the Blue Mountains of the Second and later ages were the remnant; the
second had been Mount Gundabad (in origin a Khuzdul name), which was therefore revered by
the Dwarves, and its occupation in the Third Age by the Orks of Sauron was one of the chief
reasons for their great hatred of the Orks. 25 The other two places were eastward, at distances as
great or greater than that between the Blue Mountains and Gundabad: the arising of the
Ironfists and Stiff-beards, and that of the Blacklocks and Stonefoots. Though these four points
were far sundered the Dwarves of different kindreds were in communication, and in the early
ages often held assemblies of delegates at Mount Gundabad. In times of great need even the
most distant would send help to any of their people; as was the case in the great War against the
Orks (Third Age 2793 to 2799). Though they were loth to migrate and make permanent
dwellings or ‘mansions' far from their original homes, except under great pressure from
enemies or after some catastrophe such as the ruin of Beleriand, they were great and hardy
travellers and skilled road-makers; also, all the kindreds shared a common language.
PM305 Gundabad was re-taken, the Ered Mithrin infested and the communication between
Moria and the Iron Hills for a time cut off. The Men of the Alliance were involved in war not
only with Orks but with alien Men of evil sort.
PM 323 25 [In the rejected conclusion of note 21 the place of the awakening of the ancestor of
the Longbeards was ‘a valley in the Ered Mithrin’ (the Grey Mountains in the far North). There
has of course been no previous reference to this ancient significance of Mount Gundabad. That
mountain originally appeared in the chapter The Clouds Burst in The Hobbit, where it is told
that the Goblins ‘marched and gathered by hill and valley, going ever by tunnel or under dark,
until around and beneath the great mountain Gundabad of the North, where was their capital, a
vast host was assembled’; and it is shown on the map of Wilderland in The Hobbit as a great
isolated mass at the northern end of the Misty Mountains where the Grey Mountains drew
towards them. In The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A (III), Gundabad appears in the account of
the War of the Dwarves and Orcs late in the Third Age, where the Dwarves ‘assailed and
sacked one by one all the strongholds of the Orcs that they could [find] from Gundabad to the
Gladden’ (the word ‘find’ was erroneously dropped in the Second Edition).
UT 613 Maps of Middle-Earth
The Complete guide to ME180
Gundabald
Bolger
(fl.
TA
29th
Cent.)
Hobbit
of
the
Shire.
He
married
Salvia
Brandybuck.
(A
1138;
B3
382;
C3
481;
3
D 350)
PM 103 The Family Trees Late 1939 - 1955
Other changes were (following the generations):
Savanna Hogpen > Hanna Goldworthy
Marmaduc > Marmadoc
Gloriana Bolger > Adaldrida Bolger (see BG 4)
Bildad Bolger > Gundabald Bolger (see BG 4)
PM 94 The name Miranda (Gaukroger) reappears after the disappearance of
Miranda Burrows, wife of Cosimo Sackville-Baggins (p. 86). Robur Bolger (see
under BG 1) has been replaced, as in BA 3, by Rudigor, but Robur remains as
the name of Rudigor's younger brother.
BG3
This table corresponds to BA 4 of the Baggins clan, but it repeats BG 2 exactly
except in the addition of Robur's descendants, and in the change of the name
Gundobad to Gundahad. I have not redrawn it, therefore, but give here the added
element:
Robur = Amelia Hornblower
gundu «подземный зал» 1968
PM:352 Shibboleth of Feanor 1968
The name Felagund was of Dwarvish origin. Finrod had help of Dwarves in extending the
underground fortress of Nargothrond. It is supposed originally to have been a hall of the Pettydwarves (Nibinnogs), but the Great Dwarves despised these, and had no compunction in
ousting them - hence Mîm's special hatred for the Elves - especially for great reward. Finrod
had brought more treasure out of Túna than any of the other princes.
Felagund: Dwarvish V felek hew rock, felak a tool like a broad-bladed chisel, or small axehead without haft, for cutting stone; to use this tool, V gunud equivalent of Eldarin s-rot: 56
gundu underground hall, felakgundu, felaggundu ‘cave-hewer’. This name was given because
of Finrod's skill in lighter stone-carving. He cut many of the adornments of the pillars and walls
in Nargothrond. He was proud of the name.
GUNUD `delve underground, excavate, tunnel' (PM:352 cf. 365), stated to be a root. Cf.
gundu above. 1968
PM:352 Shibboleth of Feanor 1968
The name Felagund was of Dwarvish origin. Finrod had help of Dwarves in extending the
underground fortress of Nargothrond. It is supposed originally to have been a hall of the Pettydwarves (Nibinnogs), but the Great Dwarves despised these, and had no compunction in
ousting them - hence Mîm's special hatred for the Elves - especially for great reward. Finrod
had brought more treasure out of Túna than any of the other princes.
Felagund: Dwarvish V felek hew rock, felak a tool like a broad-bladed chisel, or small axehead without haft, for cutting stone; to use this tool, V gunud equivalent of Eldarin s-rot: 56
gundu underground hall, felakgundu, felaggundu ‘cave-hewer’. This name was given because
of Finrod's skill in lighter stone-carving. He cut many of the adornments of the pillars and walls
in Nargothrond. He was proud of the name.
PM 365 [Elsewhere in these notes the stem rot, s-rot is given the meaning ‘delve underground,
excavate, tunnel’, whence Quenya hróta ‘dwelling underground, artificial cave or rockhewn
hall’, rotto ‘a small grot or tunnel’. ]
Ibun, сын гнома Мима в 1950-е
UT 132 Narn i Hin Hûrin в 1950-е
That night they lay in the hall and slept uneasily for the wailing of Mĭm and of Ibun, his other
son.
S 420 Ibun One of the sons of Mîm the Petty-dwarf. 249, 251-2
S 252 ch21 In the waning of the year Mîm the Dwarf and Ibun his son went out from Bar-enDanwedh to gather roots in the wild for their whiter store; and they were taken captive by Orcs.
iglishmêk, «язык жестов». 1959 – 1960
WJ:395 Quendi and Eldar 1959 – 1960
This ‘gesture-language’, or as they called it iglishmêk, the Dwarves were no more eager to
teach than their own tongue. But they understood and respected the disinterested desire for
knowledge, and some of the later Ñoldorin loremasters were allowed to learn enough of both
their lambe (agläb) and their iglishmêk to understand their systems.
WJ:402 Quendi and Eldar 1959 – 1960
Upon this Pengolodh comments: ‘He knew not of Men or of Dwarves. But we who have dwelt
among Men know that (strange though that seems to some) the Valar love them no less. And
for my part I perceive a likeness no less, or indeed greater, between the Valarin and the tongues
of Men, notably the language of the Dúnedain and of the Children of Marach (sc. Adunaic).
Also in general manner it resembles the tongues of the Kasāri; though this is not to be
wondered at, if the tradition that they have is true that Aule devised for them their tongue in its
beginning, and therefore it changes little, whereas the iglishmēk which they made for
themselves is changeable.’
(3) [Cf. p. 398: ‘statements that certain names (especially those of the Valar or of places in
Valinor) were translations of the Valarin forms']
Inbar «рог» 1957? 1964-1965??
Ti 174 (The Ring goes South) 1957? 1964-1965??
This is the first occurrence of the Dwarvish name Barazinbar, concerning which my father
wrote long after (in the notes referred to in VI.466, notes 36, 39) that Khuzdul baraz (BRZ)
probably = ‘red, or ruddy’, and inbar (MBR) a horn, Sindarin Caradhras < caran-rass being a
translation of the Dwarvish name. — Subsequently both Caradhras and Caradras occur as the
manuscript was originally written, but the latter far more frequently.
PE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
inbar (NBR), a horn.
[Cf. TI 166, this etymology being cited in the connected footnote on p. 174, although the
base for inbar was given incorrectly as MBR.]
Kazaddûm, ранняя версия Khazad-dûm. 1940
Ti 457, 458 App.of Runes поздние 1930-е
The right-hand bottom corner is shown as a triangular detached piece, on which only the
word Kazaddum is written.
The words of the original sketch have been given in VI.467, but I
repeat them here in phonetic form:
The words of the original sketch have been given in VI.467, but I
repeat them here in phonetic form
20.
Kazaddum.
RS 467 3 phase Story Continued – Mines of Moria поздний1939
And on the right-hand bottom corner of the page, torn off from the rest, is the name Kazaddūm.
TI465 App. Of Runes 1939
Kazaddûm (Page of Balin`s book) in the latter part of 1940 (гномьи руны для английского)
KBL, «серебро» kibil в Kibil-nаla. 1957? 1964-1965??
Ti 174, 175 The ring goes south 1957?
When Silverlode superseded Blackroot, as it did before the original text of the ‘Lothlórien’
story was completed, the passage was changed to its form in FR: ’ “Dark is the water of
Kheled-zâram,” said Gimli, “and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla.” ’ The name Kheledzaram
first appears in these variant passages; see VI.466, note 39, where I cited my father's much later
note explaining the name as meaning ‘glass-pool’. In the same notes he discussed the Dwarvish
word for ‘silver’:
But ‘silver’ is evidently KBL in Kibil-nâla — KBL seems to have some connexion with
Quenya telep- ‘silver’.
Still later pencilled notes reversed this explanation, suggesting that zigil (ZGL) meant ‘silver’
and zirak meant ‘spike’. — Of Kibil-nâla my father noted that ‘the meaning of nâla is not
known. If it corresponds to rant [in Celebrant] and lode [in Silverlode], it should mean “path,
course, rivercourse or bed”.’ He added later: ‘It is probable that the Dwarves actually found
silver in the river.’
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
But "silver" is evidently KBL in Kibil-nâla — it seems to have some connexion with Q telep'silver', S celeb (< kelep, or kyelep).
KhZD «гномы» 1957? 1964-1965??
PE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
The dwarf-name for themselves was KhZD with various vocalizations: apparently sg. Khuzd-,
pl. Khazad, form in composition khǎzǎd'.
Khazad «гномы» 1948, 1950 - 1951
LOTR 3: App.F p.529 1948 and 1950 - 1955
But the Dwarves themselves, and this name at least was never kept secret, called it Khazaddûm, the Mansion of the Khazad; for such is their own name for their own race, and has been
so, since Aulë gave it to them at their making in the deeps of time.
S451 hadhod in Hadhodrond (translation of Khazad-dûm) was a rendering of Khazad into
Sindarin sounds.
WJ205 the Later Quenta Silmarillion (Concerning the dwarves) c. 1951
§7 In their own tongue the Dwarves name themselves Khuzûd [> Khazad]; and the Dark-elves
called them / the Naugrim [> Naug], the stunted. Which name the exiled Noldor also used [>
likewise took for them], but called them also the Nyrn [struck out: of like meaning], and the
Gonnhirrim masters of stone; and those who dwelt in Belegost they called the Ennfeng or
Longbeards, for their beards swept the floor before their feet. The chief cities of the Khuzûd [>
Khazad] in the west of Middle-earth in those days were at Khazaddûm, and at
Wj209 In addition, Khuzûd was subsequently changed to Khazad, and Naugrim to Naug.
WJ210 The next text was the typescript of the LQ 1 series, which followed the manuscript text
exactly (but the changes of Khuzûd > Khazad and Naugrim > Naug in §7 do not appear, nor in
LQ 2), and after the first paragraph of the section Of the Edain (§9), where the revised version
ends, followed the original text of QS, with the very few alterations that were made to it and
which have been given on pp. 201-2.
WJ214 (The changes of Khuzûd to Khazad and Naugrim to Naug made on the manuscript did
not appear in the typescripts as typed, see pp. 205, 210.) The passage was rewritten on LQ 2
thus:
In their own tongue the Dwarves name themselves Khazad; but the Grey-elves called them the
Nyrn, the hard. This name the exiled Noldor likewise took for them, but called them also the
Naugrim, the stunted folk ...
WJ387, 388 Quendi &Eldar 1959 - 1960
The name (in the plural) that the Dwarves gave to themselves was Khazad, and this the Sindar
rendered as they might in the terms of their own speech, giving it the form *chaðqd >
*chaðaud > Hadhod. (Note 22, p. 412) Hadhod, Hadhodrim was the name which they
continued to use in actual intercourse with the Dwarves; but among themselves they referred to
the Dwarves usually as the Naugrim ‘the Stunted Folk’. The adjective naug 'dwarf(ed),
stunted’, however, was not used by itself for one of the Khazad.
The Exiles heard of the Dwarves first from the Sindar, and when using the Sindarin tongue
naturally adopted the already established names. But later in Eastern Beleriand the Noldor
came into independent relations with the Dwarves of Eryd Lindon, and they adapted the name
Khazad anew for use in Quenya, giving it the form Kasar, pl. Kasari or Kasāri. (Note 24, p.
413)
Wj414 Hadhodrond uses the adapted form Hadhod = Khazad. The
element rond is not related to grod, -rod.
PM 24 The Appendix on Language 1948 and 1950 – 1955
But the Dwarves themselves, and this name at any rate was never secret, called it simply
Khazad-dûm, the Mansion of the Khazad, for such is their own name for their own race, and
has been so, since their birth in the deeps of time.10
PM 302 Of Dwarves & Men 1969
The chief advantage to them was their freedom to proceed unhindered with their own work and
to refine their arts, especially in metallurgy, to the marvellous skill which these reached before
the decline and dwindling of the Khazad.
Sd 414 Drowing of Anadune – Lowdham Report c. 1945 - 1946
But Adunaic must then for a long time have developed quite independently. Also I think it
came under some different influence. This influence I call Khazadian; because I have received
a good many echoes of a curious tongue, also connected with what we should call the West of
the Old World, that is associated with the name Khazad. Now this resembles Adunaic
phonetically, and it seems also in some points of vocabulary and structure; but it is precisely at
the points where Adunaic most differs from Avallonian that it approaches nearest to Khazadian.
SD415 The majority of the word-bases of Adunaic were triconsonantal. This structure is
somewhat reminiscent of Semitic; and in this point Adunaic shows affinity with Khazadian
rather than with Nimrian. For though Nimrian has many triconsonantal stems (other than the
products of normal suffixion), such as the stem MENEL cited above, these are rarer in Nimrian,
and are mostly the stems of nouns.
SD433 Nasal-infixion is of considerable importance in Avallonian; but does not seem to occur
at all in Khazadian; so that this element in Adunaic structure may be due to Avallonian
influence in the prehistoric period.
PE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
The dwarf-name for themselves was KhZD with various vocalizations: apparently sg. Khuzd-,
pi. Khazâd, form in composition khazad'.
PE17 – 85 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
The language of the Dwarves is only seen in some geographical names and in the battlecries at Helm's Deep. It is Semitic in cast, leaning phonetically to Hebrew (as suits the
Dwarvish character), but it evidently has some 'broken' plurals, more in Arabic style: baruk
being the plural of bark 'axe', and Khazad of Khuzd [From the letter to Matthews, see 159.]
Khazâd «гномы». 1942 - 1954
WJ209 The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 1951
Of the names of the Dwarves themselves, there first occur here Gonnhirrim masters of stone,
and Nyrn (cf. Nornwaith in AAm, X.93, Norn-folk in GA §19, and the name Nornhabar of
Khazad-dûm). Naugrim is now said to mean ‘stunted’, and Nyrn is ‘of like meaning’, though
this statement was struck out; in the original text (§124) Neweg = ‘stunted’. In addition,
Khuzûd was subsequently changed to Khazad, and Naugrim to Naug. I give here a summary of
the development of these confusing names and forms:
WJ210 The next text was the typescript of the LQ 1 series, which followed the manuscript text
exactly (but the changes of Khuzûd > Khazad and Naugrim > Naug in §7 do not appear, nor in
LQ 2), and after the first paragraph of the section Of the Edain (§9), where the revised version
ends, followed the original text of QS, with the very few alterations that were made to it and
which have been given on pp. 201-2.
SD414 Drowing of Anadune – Lowdham Report 1945 - 1946
This influence I call Khazadian; because I have
received a good many echoes of a curious tongue, also connected with what we should call the West of the Old World,
that is associated with the name Khazad.
PM24 The Appendix on Languages 1948 и 1950-1955
I have enshrined it now at any rate in my translation of the name of Moria in the Common
Speech, which meant The Dwarf-delving, and that I have rendered by The Dwarrow-delf. But
Moria itself is an Elvish name of Gnomish kind, and given without love, for the true Gnomes,
though they might here and there in the bitter wars against the Enemy and his ore-servants
make great fortresses beneath the Earth, were not dwellers in caves or tunnels of choice, but
lovers of the green earth and of the lights of heaven; and Moria in their tongue means the Black
Chasm. But the Dwarves themselves, and this name at any rate was never secret, called it
simply Khazad-dûm, the Mansion of the Khazad, for such is their own name for their own race,
and has been so, since their birth in the deeps of time.10
PM296 Of Dwarves and Men 1969
That at least was not secret, and had been heard on many a field since the world was young.
Baruk Khazad! Khazad ai-mêntt! ‘Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!
PM 302 Of Dwarves and Men 1969
The chief advantage to them was their freedom to proceed unhindered with their own work and
to refine their arts, especially in metallurgy, to the marvellous skill which these reached before
the decline and dwindling of the Khazad.
SA2 : III ch.7 p.171-173 1954 Down from the wall leapt Gimli with a fierce cry that echoed in
the cliffs. ‘Khazâd! Khazad!’’ He soon had work enough.
III 519, Appendix F 1955 In this history it appears only in such place-names as Gimli revealed
to his companions; and in the battle-cry which he uttered in the siege of the Hornburg. That at
least was not secret, and had been heard on many a field since the world was young. Baruk
Khazâd! Khazâd aimênu! ‘Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!’
S103 Themselves they named Khazâd, but the Sindar called them Naugrim, the Stunted People,
and Gonnhirrim, Masters of Stone. Far to the east were the most ancient dwellings of the
Naugrim, but they had delved for themselves great halls and mansions, after the manner of their
kind, in the eastern side of Ered Luin; and those cities were named in their own tongue
Gabilgathol and Tumunzahar. To the north of the great height of Mount Dolmed was
Gabilgathol, which the Elves interpreted in their tongue Belegost, that is Mickleburg; and
southward was delved Tumunzahar, by the Elves named Nogrod, the Hollowbold. Greatest of
all the mansions of the Dwarves was Khazad-dûm, the Dwarrowdelf, Hadhodrond in the Elvish
tongue, that was afterwards in the days of its darkness called Moria; but it was far off in the
Mountains of Mist beyond the wide leagues of Eriador, and to the Eldar came but as a name
and a rumour from the words of the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains.
S 422 Khazad The name of the Dwarves in their own language
(Khuzdul). 103
Khazad-dûm The great mansions of the Dwarves of Durin's race in the Misty Mountains (Hadhodrond, Moria).
See Khazad; dûm is probably a plural or collective,
meaning ‘excavations, halls, mansions'. 42,104, 354
PE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
The dwarf-name for themselves was KhZD with various vocalizations: apparently sg. Khuzd-,
pi. Khazâd, form in composition khǎzǎd'.
Khǎzǎd «гномы» 1957? 1964-1965??
PE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
The dwarf-name for themselves was KhZD with various vocalizations: apparently sg. Khuzd-,
pi. Khazâd, form in composition khǎzǎd'.
Khazâd ai-mênu! «гномы на вас», aya and mеnu, q.v. 1942
PM296 Of dwarves and men 1969
That at least was not secret, and had been heard on many a field since the world was young.
Baruk Khazad! Khazad ai-mênu! ‘Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!
WR20 Fall of Saruman 1942
Gimli's cry as he sprang on the Orcs who had fallen on Éomer: Baruk Khazad! Khazad aimênu! appears in this form from the first writing of the scene. Years later, after the publication
of LR, my father began on an analysis of all fragments of other languages (Quenya, Sindarin,
Khuzdul, the Black Speech) found in the book, but unhappily before he had reached the end of
FR the notes, at the outset full and elaborate, had diminished to largely uninterpretable jottings.
Baruk he here translated as ‘axes', without further comment; ai-mênu is analysed as aya, mēnu,
but the meanings are not clearly legible: most probably aya ‘upon’, mēnu ‘ace. pl. you’.
SA2 : III ch.7 p.171-173 1955 But a small dark figure that none had observed sprang out of the
shadows and gave a hoarse shout: Baruk Khazâd! Khazad ai-mênu!
Down from the wall leapt Gimli with a fierce cry that echoed in the cliffs. ‘Khazâd! Khazad!’’
He soon had work enough.
Ai-oi! Come, Legolas! There are enough for us both. Khazâd ai-mênu!’
III 519, Appendix F 1955 In this history it appears only in such place-names as Gimli revealed
to his companions; and in the battle-cry which he uttered in the siege of the Hornburg. That at
least was not secret, and had been heard on many a field since the world was young. Baruk
Khazâd! Khazâd aimênu! ‘Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!’
Khazaddum кон.1939
TI186 Appendix on Runes (TI) -1939
В ранней версии надписи
Khazaddûm поздние 1930s, последние ревизии дек. 1937 - янв1938
- 1951
LR274 Quenta Silmarillion поздние 1930s, последние ревизии дек. 1937 - янв1938
Themselves they named Khuzûd, but the Gnomes called them Neweg, the stunted, and those
who dwelt in Nogrod they called Enfeng, the Longbeards, because their beards swept the floor
before their feet. Their chief cities in those days were Khazaddûm and Gabilgathol, which the
Elves of Beleriand called, according to their meaning in the language of Doriath, Nogrod, the
Dwarfmine, and Belegost, the Great Fortress. But few of the Elves, save Meglin of Gondolin,
went ever thither, and the Dwarfs trafficked into Beleriand, and made a great road, passing
under the shoulders of Mount Dolmed, which followed thence the course of Ascar, and crossed
Gelion at Sarn-athrad. There battle later befell, but as yet the Dwarfs troubled the Elves little,
while the power of the Gnomes lasted.
LR278
§124 Khuzûd: the first appearance of this name, or of any Dwarvish name for Dwarves. Cf. The
Lord of the Rings, Appendix F: ‘Khazad-dûm, the Mansion of the Khazad; for such is their own
name for their own race, and has been so, since Aulë gave it to them at their making in the
deeps of time.’
Khazaddûm is the first occurrence of the celebrated name. It is interesting to observe that it
existed - but as the Dwarvish name of Nogrod - already at this time. Later the Dwarvish name
of Nogrod was Tumunzahar (The Silmarillion p. 91); Gabilgathol, now first appearing,
remained as the Dwarvish name of Belegost.
WJ108 Grey Annals 1950 - 1951
In QS §124 the Dwarvish names of the cities in Eryd Luin were Gabilgathol (Belegost, the
Great Fortress) and Khazaddûm (Nogrod, the Dwarfmine); Tumunzahar now first appears (also
in QS revised, p. 206, §7).
WJ 201Concerning the Dwarves The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 1951
Greatest of these was Khazaddûm that was after called in the days of its darkness Moria, and it
was far off in the east in the Mountains of Mist; but Gabilgathol was on [the] east side of
Eredlindon and within reach of the Elves.
In the text of QS as written Nogrod (which goes back to the old Tale of the Nauglafring) is a
translation of Khazaddûm, and the meaning is ‘Dwarfmine’; both Nogrod and Belegost
(Gabilgathol) are specifically stated (QS §122) to have been ‘in the mountains east of
Thargelion’, and were so placed in additions to the second map. In The Lord of the Rings
Khazad-dûm is Moria, and Nogrod and Belegost are ‘ancient cities in the Blue Mountains'
(Appendix A, III).
WJ205 The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 1951
Which name the exiled Noldor also used [> likewise took for them], but called them also the
Nyrn [struck out: of like meaning], and the Gonnhirrim masters of stone; and those who dwelt
in Belegost they called the Ennfeng or Longbeards, for their beards swept the floor before their
feet. The chief cities of the Khuzûd [> Khazad] in the west of Middle-earth in those days were
at Khazaddûm, and at Gabilgathol and Tumunzahar, which are interpreted in the Gnomish
tongue Nornhabar the Dwarrowdelf, and Belegost Mickleburg, and Nogrod the Hollowbold.
Greatest of all the mansions of the Naugrim was Khazaddûm, that was after called in the days
of its darkness Moria, but it was far off in the Mountains of Mist beyond the wide leagues of
Eriador; whereas Belegost and Nogrod were upon the east side of Eredlindon and nigh to the
lands of the Eldar.
WJ206 The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 1951
Greatest of all the mansions of the Naugrim was Khazaddûm, that was after called in the days
of its darkness Moria, but it was far off in the Mountains of Mist beyond the wide leagues of
Eriador; whereas Belegost and Nogrod were upon the east side of Eredlindon and nigh to the
lands of the Eldar.
TI 117 Third Version THE COUNCIL OF ELROND Third Version1939-1942
It is now many years ago,’ said Glóin, ‘that a shadow of disquiet fell upon our folk.
Whence it came we did not at first know. Whispered words began to be spoken: it was
said that we were hemmed in a narrow place, and that greater wealth and splendour
were to be found in the wider world. Some spoke of Moria — the mighty works of our
fathers of old, that we called in our ancient tongue Khazaddûm — and they said that
we now had the power and numbers to return and there re-establish our halls in glory
and command the lands both West and East of the Mountains.
TI 125 THE COUNCIL OF ELROND 1939-1942
Khazaddûm (p. 117) is here first used - in the narrative - of Moria (see V.274, VI.466),
but it appears in the original sketch of a page from the Book of Mazarbul: see VI.467
and the Appendix to this book, p. 458.
TI 264 (Galadriel) конец 1939 - 1942
The fifth verse had virtually reached the form in FR; the sixth
Of Moria, of Khazaddûm
all folk shall ever sadly tell
and now shall name it Gandalf's tomb
where hope into the Shadow fell.
TI 266 The song has now 8 verses, since both When morning on the Hill was bright and
From Wilderland to Western shore are included, and the last verse in FR He stood upon
the bridge alone here appears as the penultimate (with the fourth line the cloak of grey
is cast aside), the final verse being the same as in the earliest version, Of Moria, of
Khazad-dûm.
TI 333 THE STORY FORESEEN FROM LÓRIEN конец 1939 - 1942
From beyond the Inland Sea of Rhûn24 up the rivers east of Mirkwood, round the towers of Dol
Dúghul they poured through fen and forest to the banks of the Great River. Lothlórien was
lapped in flame. From the Misty Mountains, from Moria — Khazaddûm and many hidden
caves poured the orcs to meet them; from Harad and from Mordor they came against Ondor,
and sought the walls of Minas-Tirith; and out from Isengard, seeing the war-beacons afar off
blazing in Mordor, came the traitor Saruman with many wolves.]
I 416 SA1 : II ch.4 1954
BALIN SON OF FUNDIN LORD OF MORIA.’
TI457 App. Of Runes поздние 1930е
The next (third) version of the tomb-inscription, at the end of the second version (‘The Lord of
Moria’) of the chapter, is hidden by a fourth version pasted over it; but Taum Santoski has been
able to read the underlying inscription by lighting the page from the back. With Fundin for
Burin (see VI.444) the runic writing thus recovered is almost as in version (i), with the same
use of > for s; but very curiously this same rune is used for o in both occurrences of the word
of, although V for o appears in son, lord, and Moria. In addition, the Dwarvish words Balin
Fundinul Uzbad Khazaddümu are added beneath, the rune for z being apparently X , which is s
in all the alphabets given here.
TI186 The Mines of Moria 1939-1942 (dec. 1939)
-The inscription reads:
BALIN SON OF FUNDIN
LORD OF MORIA
Balin Fundinul Uzbad Khazaddūmu
Khazad-dûm «Залы гномов»`Dwarrowdelf' Moria, Khazaddûm, `Dwarfmine'. 19501951
RS:465-466 Against Uruktharbun is pencilled Azanulbizâr, which in FR is the
Dwarvish name of Dimrill-dale. If Uruktharbun is Moria (and the next revision of this
text has ‘the dwarflords of Khazad-dum’), Azanulbizâr may have been intended to
replace it and to have referred at first to Moria; on the other hand, my father may
perhaps have wished to name the ‘dwarflords’ as lords in the Dimrill-dale.
RS:466 Story continued 1939
The name Khazad-dûm had already appeared in the Quenta Silmarillion (V.274), where it was
the name of the Dwarf-city in the Blue Mountains which the Elves called Nogrod.
LR278 Quenta Silmarillion поздние 1930s, последние ревизии дек. 1937 - янв1938
§124 Khuzûd: the first appearance of this name, or of any Dwarvish name for Dwarves. Cf. The
Lord of the Rings, Appendix F: ‘Khazad-dûm, the Mansion of the Khazad; for such is their own
name for their own race, and has been so, since Aulë gave it to them at their making in the
deeps of time.’
Khazaddûm is the first occurrence of the celebrated name. It is interesting to observe that it
existed - but as the Dwarvish name of Nogrod - already at this time. Later the Dwarvish name
of Nogrod was Tumunzahar (The Silmarillion p. 91); Gabilgathol, now first appearing,
remained as the Dwarvish name of Belegost.
Lotr I 370 1954
Only once before have I seen them from afar in waking life, but I know them and their names,
for under them lies Khazad-dûm, the Dwarrowdelf, that is now called the Black Pit, Moria in
the Elvish tongue.
Lotr I (2) 315 Some spoke of Moria: the mighty works of our fathers that are called in our own
tongue Khazad-dûm; and they declared that now at last we had the power and numbers to
return.’ But now we spoke of it again with longing, and yet with dread; for no dwarf has dared
to pass the doors of Khazad-dûm for many lives of kings, save Thrór only, and he perished. At
last, however, Balin listened to the whispers, and resolved to go; and though Dáin did not give
leave willingly, he took with him Ori and Óin and many of our folk, and they went away south.
Lotr I (2) 369 ‘Only once before have I seen them from afar in waking life, but I know them
and their names, for under them lies Khazad-dûm, the Dwarrowdelf, that is now called the
Black Pit, Moria in the Elvish tongue. Yonder stands Barazinbar, the Redhorn, cruel Caradhras;
and beyond him are Silvertine and Cloudyhead: Celebdil the White, and Fanuidhol the Grey,
that we call Zirak-zigil and Bun-dushathûr.
Lotr I (2) 412 No harp is wrung, no hammer falls:
The darkness dwells in Durin's halls;
The shadow lies upon his tomb
In Moria, in Khazad-dûm.
Lotr I (2) 462 I like that!’ said Sam. ‘I should like to learn it. In Moria, in Khazad-dúm!
Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram, and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla, and fair were the
many-pillared halls of Khazad-dûm in Elder Days before the fall of mighty kings beneath the
stone.’
Lotr 1 : II ch.5 p.417
The Bridge of Khazad-dûm
Lotr I (2) 467
He stood upon the bridge alone
and Fire and Shadow both defied;
his staff was broken on the stone,
in Khazad-dûm his wisdom died.
Lotr II (3) 129 1954
Thus he brought me back at last to the secret ways of Khazad-dûm: too well he knew
them all. Ever up now we went, until we came to the Endless Stair.’
Lotr II (3) 189
And lights, Legolas! We should make lights, such lamps as once shone in Khazad-dûm;
and when we wished we would drive away the night that has lain there since the hills
were made; and when we desired rest, we would let the night return.’
LoTR App.A 438 1955
There he lived so long that he was known far and wide as Durin the Deathless. Yet in the
end he died before the Elder Days had passed, and his tomb was in Khazad-dûm; but his
line never failed, and five times an heir was born in his House so like to his Forefather
that he received the name of Durin.
After the end of the First Age the power and wealth of Khazad-dûm was much increased;
for it was enriched by many people and much lore and craft when the ancient cities of
Nogrod and Belegost in the Blue Mountains were ruined at the breaking of
Thangorodrim.
The power of Moria endured throughout the Dark Years and the dominion of Sauron, for
though Eregion was destroyed and the gates of Moria were shut, the halls of Khazad-dûm
were too deep and strongand filled with a people too numerous and valiant for Sauron to
conquer from without.
LoTR App.A 442
At last all the Orcs that fled before them were gathered in Moria, and the Dwarf host in
pursuit came to Azanul-bizar. That was a great vale that lay between the arms of the
mountains about the lake of Kheled-zâram and had been of old part of the kingdom of
Khazad-dûm.
LoTR App.A 444
None the less in the morning Thráin stood before them. He had one eye blinded beyond
cure, and he was halt with a leg-wound; but he said: ‘Good! We have the victory.
Khazad-dûm is ours!’
And those who were not of Durin's Folk said also: ‘Khazad-dûm was not our Fathers'
house.
Then Thráin turned to Dáin, and said: ‘But surely my own kin will not desert me?’ ‘No,’
said Dáin. ‘You are the father of our Folk, and we have bled for you, and will again. But
we will not enter Khazad-dûm. You will not enter Khazad-dûm.
LoTR App.A 445-446 It was believed by the Dwarves of Durin's Folk to be the first of
the Seven that was forged; and they say that it was given to the King of Khazad-dûm,
Durin III, by the Elven-smiths themselves and not by Sauron, though doubtless his evil
power was on it, since he had aided in the forging of all the Seven.
Some thought that it had remained in Khazad-dûm, in the secret tombs of the kings, if
they had not been discovered and plundered; but among the kindred of Durin's Heir it
was believed (wrongly) that Thrór had worn it when he rashly returned there.
LoTR App.B469
15 The Bridge of Khazad-dûm, and fall of Gandalf. The
Company reaches Nimrodel late at night
LoTR App.B529
But the Dwarves themselves, and this name at least was never kept secret, called it Khazaddûm, the Mansion of the Khazad; for such is their own name for their own race, and has been
so, since Aulë gave it to them at their making in the deeps of time.
WJ:389 Quendi & Eldar 1959 - 1960
The chief dwellings of the Dwarves that became known to the Sindar (though few ever visited
them) were upon the east side of the Eryd Luin. They were called in the Dwarf-tongue
Gabilga-thol and Tumunzahar. The greatest of all the mansions of the Dwarves, Khazad-dûm,
beneath the Hithaeglir far to the east, was known to the Eldar only by name and rumour derived
from the western Dwarves.
These names the Sindar did not attempt to adapt, but translated according to their sense, as
Belegost ‘Mickleburg’; Novrod, later Nogrod, meaning originally ‘Hollowbold’; and
Hadhodrond ‘Dwarrowvault’.21 (Note 26, p. 414) These names the Noldor naturally used in
speaking or writing Sindarin, but for use in Quenya they translated the names anew as Túrosto,
Návarot, and Casarrondo.
WJ397 Pengolodh is said to have remained in Middle-earth until far on into the Second Age
for the furtherance of his enquiries, and for a while to have dwelt among the Dwarves of
Casarrondo (Khazad-dûm).
WJ204 The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 1951
Of these Durin was the most renowned in after ages, father of that Dwarf-kin most friendly to
the Elves whose mansions were at Khazad-dûm.
WJ207 The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 1951
although in the original QS text the likeness of Orcs and Dwarves was subsequently (§123)
spoken of only in terms of the analogous origin of the two races, each deriving from one of the
Valar acting independently, and this remains in the revision. We learn now that: - the Dwarves
live far longer than Men (§2);
Durin was the father of the Dwarf-kindred of Khazad-dûm, most friendly to the Elves (§3);
§3 It is here that Durin of Khazad-dûm, ‘most renowned’ of the Seven Fathers of the Dwarves,
enters The Silmarillion.
WJ208 The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 208 In the present text two things are said on the
subject. Durin was ‘the father of that Dwarf-kin ... whose mansions were at Khazad-dum’ (§3);
but (reverting to the Tale of the Nauglafring) the Longbeards were the Dwarves of Belegost
(§7) - and this is said also both in the Annals of Aman and in the Grey Annals (see p. 108, §22).
Thus, circuitously, the Longbeards finally entered The Lord of the Rings, as the Dwarves of
Khazad-dûm; but the texts of The Silmarillion and the Annals were never changed, and the
Long-beards remained the Dwarves of Belegost.
WJ209 The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 1951
§7 The names and places of the Dwarf-cities now achieve almost
their final form, and I recapitulate here the complex development:
QS original form, §124 (V.274)
Khazad-dûm = Nogrod = Dwarfmine (in the Blue Mountains)
Gabilgathol = Belegost = Great Fortress
QS original form emended, p. 201
Khazad-dûm = Nogrod = Dwarrowdelf, later Moria
Gabilgathol = Belegost = Great Fortress
QS revised version, §7
Tumunzahar = Nogrod = Hollowbold (in the Blue Mountains)
Gabilgathol = Belegost = Mickleburg
Khazad-dûm = Nornhabar = Dwarrowdelf, later Moria
The Dwarvish name Tumunzahar of Nogrod appears in GA §19, but this is the first occurrence
of the Elvish name Nornhabar.
PM24 App. Of Languages 1948 и 1950 - 1955
I have enshrined it now at any rate in my translation of the name of Moria in the Common
Speech, which meant The Dwarf-delving, and that I have rendered by The Dwarrow-delf. But
Moria itself is an Elvish name of Gnomish kind, and given without love, for the true Gnomes,
though they might here and there in the bitter wars against the Enemy and his ore-servants
make great fortresses beneath the Earth, were not dwellers in caves or tunnels of choice, but
lovers of the green earth and of the lights of heaven; and Moria in their tongue means the Black
Chasm. But the Dwarves themselves, and this name at any rate was never secret, called it
simply Khazad-dûm, the Mansion of the Khazad, for such is their own name for their own race,
and has been so, since their birth in the deeps of time.10
PM 44 Thus the C.S. Dwarrow-delf*19 was a translation of the Dwarvish name Khazad-dûm,
PM 286
Only I have passed seen looked through the Shadow of the Gate. Beyond the Shadow it waits
for you still. The world must change and some other power than ours must come, Durin's Bane
before Some other power must come than ours must come, before Khazad-dûm Durin's folk
walk again in
PM 304 Of dwarves & Men 1969
The names of the Longbeards otherwise are not known in lists going back before the ruin of
Moria (Khazad-dûm), Third Age 1980; but they are all of the same kind, sc. in a long ‘dead’
Mannish language.
PM 321
21 The references (in Appendix A [beginning of III, Durin's Folk]) to the legends of the origin
of the Dwarves of the kin known as Longbeards (Khuzdûl Sigin-tarâg, translated by Quenya
Anda-fangar, Sindarin Anfangrim) and their renowned later ‘mansions' in Khazad-dûm (Moria)
are too brief to make the linguistic situation clear. The ‘deeps of time’ do not refer (of course)
to geological time - of which only the Eldar had legends, derived and transmuted from such
information as their loremasters had received from the Valar. They refer to legends of the Ages
of Awakening and the arising of the Speaking Peoples: first the Elves, second the Dwarves (as
they claimed), and third Men.
S103 Themselves they named Khazâd, but the Sindar called them Naugrim, the Stunted People,
and Gonnhirrim, Masters of Stone. Far to the east were the most ancient dwellings of the
Naugrim, but they had delved for themselves great halls and mansions, after the manner of their
kind, in the eastern side of Ered Luin; and those cities were named in their own tongue
Gabilgathol and Tumunzahar. To the north of the great height of Mount Dolmed was
Gabilgathol, which the Elves interpreted in their tongue Belegost, that is Mickleburg; and
southward was delved Tumunzahar, by the Elves named Nogrod, the Hollowbold. Greatest of
all the mansions of the Dwarves was Khazad-dûm, the Dwarrowdelf, Hadhodrond in the Elvish
tongue, that was afterwards in the days of its darkness called Moria; but it was far off in the
Mountains of Mist beyond the wide leagues of Eriador, and to the Eldar came but as a name
and a rumour from the words of the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains.
S42Durin was the most renowned in after ages, father of that kindred most friendly to the
Elves, whose mansions were at Khazad-dûm.
S422 Khazad The name of the Dwarves in their own language
(Khuzdul). 103
Khazad-dûm The great mansions of the Dwarves of Durin's race in the Misty Mountains
(Hadhodrond, Moria).
See Khazad; dûm is probably a plural or collective, meaning ‘excavations, halls, mansions'.
42,104, 354
S 354
Eregion was nigh to the great mansions of the Dwarves - that were named Khazad-dûm, but by
the Elves Hadhodrond, and afterwards Moria.
From Ost-in-Edhil, the city of the Elves, the highroad ran to the west gate of Khazad-dûm, for a
friendship arose between Dwarves and Elves, such as has never elsewhere been, to the
enrichment of both those peoples.
UT 303 HISTORY OF GALADRIEL AND CELEBORN поздние 1960е и ранние
1970е
It may be that Galadriel chose it because she knew of the Dwarves of Khazad-dŭm
(Moria). There were and always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of Ered
Lindon,3 where the very ancient mansions of Nogrod and Belegost had been - not far
from Nenuial; but they had transferred most of their strength to Khazad-dŭm.
The Dwarves of Belegost were filled with dismay at the calamity and fear for its
outcome, and this hastened their departure eastwards to Khazad-dŭm.4
UT 304 Celebrimbor had ‘an almost “dwarvish” obsession with crafts'; and he soon
became the chief artificer of Eregion, entering into a close relationship with the
Dwarves of Khazad-dŭm, among whom his greatest friend was Narvi.
Both Elves and Dwarves had great profit from this association: so that Eregion became
far stronger, and Khazad-dŭm far more beautiful, than either would have done alone.
UT 305 [It is not made clear when this movement into Lŏrinand took place; it may be
that they came from Eregion by way of Khazad-dŭm and under the auspices of
Galadriel.]
UT 306 Galadriel thereupon left Eregion and passed through Khazad-dŭm to
Lŏrinand, taking with her Amroth and Celebrian
UT 307 In Appendix A (IH) to The Lord of the Rings it is said that there was a belief
among the Dwarves of Durin's Folk that the Ring of Durin m, King of Khazad-dŭm,
was given to him by the Elven-smiths themselves, and not by Sauron; but nothing is
said in the present text about the way in which the Seven Rings came into the
possession of the Dwarves.]
UT 308 He would indeed have been overwhelmed had not Sauron's host been attacked
in the rear; for Durin sent out a force of Dwarves from Khazad-dŭm, and with them
came Elves of Lŏrinand led by Amroth.
UT364 Disaster in Gladden fields 1969
On Oropher see Appendix B to ‘The History of Galadriel and Celeborn’; in one of the passages
there cited Oropher's retreat northwards within the Greenwood is ascribed to his desire to move
out of range of the Dwarves of Khazad-dŭm and of Celeborn and Galadriel in Lŏrien.
TI166 THE RING GOES SOUTH конец 1939 - 1942
But he continues (as in FR): ‘Only once before have I seen them from afar in waking life, but I
know them and their names, for under them lies Khazad-dûm, the Dwarrowdelf, that is now
called the Black [Gulf >] Pit,17 Moria in the elvish tongue’, and it seems that he is here
speaking of certain notable and outstanding peaks, distinctive in the chain of the Misty
Mountains, beneath which lay Moria. (The three great Mountains of Moria were in any case
just about to enter, in Gimli's next speech.)
TI 185 THE LORD OF MORIA 1939 - 1942
[Added: It was used by the Elves who dearly loved it — among many other things they
[?wrought] it to make ithildin. Also perhaps to be placed here: ... the dwarflords of Khazaddûm were wealthier than any of the Kings of Men, and the traffic to the Gates brought them
jewels and treasure from many lands of East and West.]
TI 264 Galadriel 1939-1942
The fifth verse had virtually reached the form in FR; the sixth
Of Moria, of Khazaddûm
all folk shall ever sadly tell
and now shall name it Gandalf's tomb
where hope into the Shadow fell.
TI 266 The song has now 8 verses, since both When morning on the Hill was bright and
From Wilderland to Western shore are included, and the last verse in FR He stood upon
the bridge alone here appears as the penultimate (with the fourth line the cloak of grey
is cast aside), the final verse being the same as in the earliest version, Of Moria, of
Khazad-dûm.
TI 117 Counsil of Elrond 1939-1942
Some spoke of Moria — the mighty works of our fathers of old, that we called in our
ancient tongue Khazaddûm — and they said that we now had the power and numbers to
return and there re-establish our halls in glory and command the lands both West and
East of the Mountains.
TI 185 Mines of Moria 1939-1942
It was nearly as heavy as lead, malleable as copper, but the dwarves could by some
secret of theirs make it as hard as [> harder than] steel. It surpassed common silver in all
save beauty, and even in that it is its equal. [Added: It was used by the Elves who dearly
loved it — among many other things they [?wrought] it to make ithildin. Also perhaps
to be placed here: ... the dwarflords of Khazad-dûm were wealthier than any of the
Kings of Men, and the traffic to the Gates brought them jewels and treasure from many
lands of East and West.] Bilbo had a corslet of mithril-rings that Thorin gave him. I
wonder what he did with it.
TI 333 story foreseem from Lorien 1939-1942
From the Misty Mountains, from Moria — Khazaddûm and many hidden caves poured the orcs
to meet them; from Harad and from Mordor they came against Ondor, and sought the walls of
Minas-Tirith; and out from Isengard, seeing the war-beacons afar off blazing in Mordor, came
the traitor Saruman with many wolves.]25
TI186 1939
Первоначальный вариант. (Ангертас Даэрон) (гномьи руны для английского)
Kazaddûm (Page of Balin`s book) in the latter part of 1940 (гномьи руны для английского)
LOTR I 416 Окончательный вариант: (Ангертас Мория) 1950-55?
Kheled «стекло, зеркало» 1957? 1964-1965??
RS : 466 Story continued поздний 1939
In the previous chapter the name Dimrilldale appears as a correction (p. 433, note 13), together
with the first mention of the lake in the dale, there called Glassmere; Mirrormere is named on
the map reproduced on p. 439. The Elvish name Helevorn (in the Etymologies, V.365,
translated ‘black-glass’) given to it here had appeared in the Quenta Silmarillion as the name of
the lake in Thargelion beside which dwelt Cranthir, son of Fëanor. No other Elvish name for
Mirrormere is recorded in published writing, but in the notes referred to in note 36 my father
said that the Sindarin name, not given in LR, was in fact Nen Cenedril ‘Lake Looking-glass’.
Translating Kheled-zâram as ‘probably “glass-pool’”, he noted: ‘kheled was certainly a Dwarf
word for “glass”, and seems to be the origin of Sindarin heleð “glass”. Cf. Lake Hele(ð)vorn
near the Dwarf-regions in the north of Dor Caranthir [Thargelion]: it means “black glass”, and
is probably also a translation of a Dwarf-name (given by the Dwarves: the same is probably the
case in the Moria region) such as Narag-zâram (that NRG was Khuzdul for “black” is seen in
the Dwarf-name for Mordor: Nargûn).’
PE17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Kheled-zâram. Probably "glass-pool, lake." The Sindarin name is not given in L.R.
but was Nen Cenedril 'Lake Looking-glass'. kheled was certainly a D. word for "glass,"
and seems to be origin of S heledh 'glass'. Cf Lake Hele(d)vorn near the Dwarf-regions
in north of DOR- Caranthir: it means 'black glass', and is probably also a translation of
Dwarf-name (given by the Dwarves: the same is prob. case in the Moria-region), such
as Narag-zâram [that NRG was Khuzdul for "black" is seen in Dwarf-name for Mordor:
Nargûn].
Kheledzâram «Стеклянное озеро, Зеркальное озеро» 1939
TI166 The rings goes south 1939-1942
‘Dark is the water of Kheledzâram,’ said Gimli, ‘and mirrors only the far sky and three white
peaks; and cold is the water of Buzundush. My heart trembles at the thought that I may see
them soon.’
TI 167 There lies Kheledzâram, the Mirror-mere, deep and dark, in which can be seen
only the far sky and three white peaks. From it issues Buzundush, the Blackroot River,
Morthond cold and swift. My heart trembles at the thought that I may see them soon.’22
Ti 174, 175 The rings goes south 1939-1942 When Silverlode superseded Blackroot, as it did
before the original text of the ‘Lothlórien’ story was completed, the passage was changed to its
form in FR: ’ “Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram,” said Gimli, “and cold are the springs of
Kibil-nâla.” ’ The name Kheledzaram first appears in these variant passages; see VI.466, note
39, where I cited my father's much later note explaining the name as meaning ‘glass-pool’. In
the same notes he discussed the Dwarvish word for ‘silver’:
TI 219-220 Lothlorien 1939-1942‘There lies Kheledzâram,7 the Mirror-mere!’ said Gimli
sadly.
‘Fair Kheledzâram,’ said Gimli. ‘There lies the crown of Durin till he wakes. Farewell.’ He
bowed and turned away, and hastened back up the sward to the road again.
TI 237 Lothlorien 1939-1942 7 For the first appearance of Kheledzaram see p. 166.
TI275 Farewell to Lorien 1939-1942 Galadriel said: ‘Dark are the waters of Kheledzâram,
yet there maybe you shall one day see a light.’
Kheled-zâram «Стеклянное озеро, Зеркальное озеро» `Mirrormere, glass-lake' в
ранних 1950х, некоторые ревизии в 1965
RS : 466 Story continued поздний 1939
In the previous chapter the name Dimrilldale appears as a correction (p. 433, note 13), together
with the first mention of the lake in the dale, there called Glassmere; Mirrormere is named on
the map reproduced on p. 439. The Elvish name Helevorn (in the Etymologies, V.365,
translated ‘black-glass’) given to it here had appeared in the Quenta Silmarillion as the name of
the lake in Thargelion beside which dwelt Cranthir, son of Fëanor. No other Elvish name for
Mirrormere is recorded in published writing, but in the notes referred to in note 36 my father
said that the Sindarin name, not given in LR, was in fact Nen Cenedril ‘Lake Looking-glass’.
Translating Kheled-zâram as ‘probably “glass-pool’”, he noted: ‘kheled was certainly a Dwarf
word for “glass”, and seems to be the origin of Sindarin heleð “glass”. Cf. Lake Hele(ð)vorn
near the Dwarf-regions in the north of Dor Caranthir [Thargelion]: it means “black glass”, and
is probably also a translation of a Dwarf-name (given by the Dwarves: the same is probably the
case in the Moria region) such as Narag-zâram (that NRG was Khuzdul for “black” is seen in
the Dwarf-name for Mordor: Nargûn).’
TI166 The rings goes south 1939-1942
‘Dark is the water of Kheledzâram,’ said Gimli, ‘and mirrors only the far sky and three white
peaks; and cold is the water of Buzundush. My heart trembles at the thought that I may see
them soon.’
TI 167There lies Kheledzâram, the Mirror-mere, deep and dark, in which can be seen
only the far sky and three white peaks. From it issues Buzundush, the Blackroot River,
Morthond cold and swift. My heart trembles at the thought that I may see them soon.’22
Ti 174, 175 The rings goes south 1939-1942 When Silverlode superseded Blackroot, as it did
before the original text of the ‘Lothlórien’ story was completed, the passage was changed to its
form in FR: ’ “Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram,” said Gimli, “and cold are the springs of
Kibil-nâla.” ’ The name Kheledzaram first appears in these variant passages; see VI.466, note
39, where I cited my father's much later note explaining the name as meaning ‘glass-pool’. In
the same notes he discussed the Dwarvish word for ‘silver’:
TI 219-220 Lothlorien 1939-1942‘There lies Kheledzâram,7 the Mirror-mere!’ said Gimli
sadly.
‘Fair Kheledzâram,’ said Gimli. ‘There lies the crown of Durin till he wakes. Farewell.’ He
bowed and turned away, and hastened back up the sward to the road again.
TI 237 Lothlorien 1939-1942 7 For the first appearance of Kheledzaram see p. 166.
TI275 Farewell to Lorien 1939-1942 Galadriel said: ‘Dark are the waters of Kheledzâram,
yet there maybe you shall one day see a light.’
TI 290 These first appear in the fair copy manuscript of ‘Galadriel’, where she says just as in
FR (p. 371) ‘Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram, and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla...’: a
further indication that that text was already in existence.
I 370 1954 There lies the Mirrormere, and there the River Silverlode
rises in its icy springs.’
‘Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram,’ said Gimli, ‘and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla. My
heart trembles at the thought that I may see them soon.’
Lotr II 473 1954 There lies the Mirrormere, deep Kheled-zâram!’ said Gimli sadly.
Lotr II 433 ‘Come with me, Frodo!’ cried the dwarf, springing from the road. ‘I would not
have you go without seeing Kheled-zâram.’
Lotr II 434 'O Kheled-zâram fair and wonderful!’ said Gimli. ‘There lies the crown of Durin
till he wakes. Farewell!’
Lotr II 462 ‘Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram, and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla, and
fair were the many-pillared halls of Khazad-dûm in Elder Days before the fall of mighty kings
beneath the stone.’
Lotr II 492 Memory is not what the heart desires. That is only a mirror, be it clear as Kheledzâram.
Lotr III 188 1955 They are but hovels compared with the caverns I have seen here:
immeasurable halls, filled with an everlasting music of water that tinkles into pools, as fair as
Kheled-zâram in the starlight.
Lotr app.A 438 He slept alone, until in the deeps of time and the awakening of that people he
came to Azanulbizar, and in the caves above Kheled-zâram in the east of the Misty Mountains
he made his dwelling, where afterwards were the Mines of Moria renowned in song.
Lotr app.A 442 That was a great vale that lay between the arms of the mountains about the
lake of Kheled-zâram and had been of old part of the kingdom of Khazad-dûm.
The first assault of the vanguard led by Thráin was thrown back with loss, and Thráin was
driven into a wood of great trees that then still grew not far from Kheled-zâram.
PM 275 Making app.A – Durin`s folk в ранних 1950х, некоторые ревизии в 1965
Durin was the name of one of the fathers of all the race of the Dwarves. In the deeps of time
and the beginning of that people he came to Azanulbizar, the Dimrill Dale, and in the caves
above Kibil-nâla [> Kheled-zâram],
PM 281 But as has been told the first assault was thrown back, and Thráin and Thorin were
driven for refuge in a thicket that grew in the valley not far from Kheledzâram before the
great burning.
Since Kheled-zâram and Kibil-nâla as the Dwarvish names of Mirrormere and
Silverlode entered early in the history of the writing of The Lord of the Rings (see VII.
167, 174), it seems clear that the naming of Mirrormere Kibil-nâla here was a slip
without significance, and is unlikely to have any connection with the curious
appearance of the name Zigilnâd for Silverlode in the draft typescript of Durin's Folk
(p. 279).
PE17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Kheled-zâram. Probably "glass-pool, lake." The Sindarin name is not given in L.R.
but was Nen Cenedril 'Lake Looking-glass'. kheled was certainly a D. word for "glass,"
and seems to be origin of S heledh 'glass'. Cf Lake Hele(d)vorn near the Dwarf-regions
in north of DOR- Caranthir: it means 'black glass', and is probably also a translation of
Dwarf-name (given by the Dwarves: the same is prob. case in the Moria-region), such
as Narag-zâram [that NRG was Khuzdul for "black" is seen in Dwarf-name for Mordor:
Nargûn].
RC 269
In his manuscripts and typescripts Tolkien hesitated between Mirrormere and hyphened
Mirror-mere, but emended all instances with a hyphen to Mirrormere in typescript or
proof. Among the extracts from the Book of Mazarbul in Book II, Chapter 5 the name
appears as Mirror mere, a deliberate variation. The Dwarvish name for Mirrormere,
given by Gimli in the following paragraph, is Kheled-zaram, which in notes on
Dwarvish written after the publication of The Lord of the Rings Tolkien 'translated' as
'probably "glass-pool"'. He noted that 'kheled was certainly a Dwarf word for "glass"'
(The Return of the Shadow, p. 466, n. 39).
Khîm, сын гнома Мима В 1950е
UT 131 Narn I hin Hurin в 1950е
Khim, Khĭm, Khĭm!’ the old Dwarf wailed, tearing at his beard.
S422 Khîm Son of Mîm the Petty-dwarf, slain by one of
Turin's outlaw band. 249
Khuzd «гном» 1957? 1964-1965??
RC269 Guide to names of LOTR: 1958 (1966-1967) [Concerning Azanulbizar, in the manuscript
of Nomenclature Tolkien comments that it is the]
'Dwarf name of Nan Duhirion, Common Speech Dimrill Dale. Sindarin nan(d) valley / dû dim,
dark - sîr stream > Duhir-ion 'region of the dim streams'. It not is here genitive, but in
apposition to nan(d) 'valley', though in English 'of is often inserted in such cases (as the City of
Rome): the valley (that is called) Duhirion.
The analysis of the dwarf Azanulbizar is uncertain. Azan was probably a plural of uzu 'dimness,
shadow' (cf. Khazad - Khuzd); -ul was a genitive ending of patronymics such as Balin Fundinul
B[alin] (son of) F[undin]; bizār was probably a plural of a stem b-z-r a small stream (running
down from a spring). 'The rills of the shadows'. The combination was used as a name of the
valley, without expression of valley. (Dwarvish d-b-n) is merely an alteration of full name
duban azanulbizar.'
RC 225 According to the index in The Silmarillion, the element dum is probably a plural or
collective, meaning 'excavations, halls, mansions' (P- 337)- In his unfinished index Tolkien
glosses Khazad-dum as 'deeps of the Khuzd or Dwarves'. See further, note for p. 306.
PE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
The dwarf-name for themselves was KhZD with various vocalizations: apparently sg. Khuzd-,
pi. Khazâd, form in composition khǎzǎd-'.
PE17 – 85 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
The language of the Dwarves is only seen in some geographical names and in the battlecries at Helm's Deep. It is Semitic in cast, leaning phonetically to Hebrew (as suits the
Dwarvish character), but it evidently has some 'broken' plurals, more in Arabic style: baruk
being the plural of bark 'axe', and Khazad of Khuzd [From the letter to Matthews, see 159.]
khuzdul «Гномий язык, гномий». «Dwarvish» 1955
PM 297 Dwarves and Men 1969
They had an ancient language of their own which they prized highly; and even when, as among
the Longbeard Dwarves of the West, it had ceased to be their native tongue and had become a
‘book-language’, it was carefully preserved and taught to all their children at an early age. It
thus served as a lingua franca between all Dwarves of all kinds; but it was also a written
language used in all important histories and lore, and in recording any matters not intended to
be read by other people. This Khuzdul (as they called it), partly because of their native
secretiveness, and partly because of its inherent difficulty, 4 was seldom learned by those of
other race.
The Longbeard Dwarves therefore adopted the Runes, and modified them for their own uses
(especially the expression of Khuzdul); and they adhered to them even far into the Third Age,
when they were forgotten by others except the loremasters of Elves and Men. Indeed it was
generally supposed by the unlearned that they had been invented by the Dwarves, and they
were widely known as ‘dwarf-letters'. 8
PM 300 The use of the Dwarf-tongue (Khuzdul) is possible in so short an inscription, since this
tongue has been sketched in some detail of structure, if with a very small vocabulary.
PM 301 In consequence such names as Balin, etc. would not have appeared in any
contemporary inscription using actual Khuzdul.
The first had been in the north of the Ered Lindon, the great eastern wall of Beleriand, of which
the Blue Mountains of the Second and later ages were the remnant; the second had been Mount
Gundabad (in origin a Khuzdul name), which was therefore revered by the Dwarves, and its
occupation in the Third Age by the Orks of Sauron was one of the chief reasons for their great
hatred of the Orks. 25
PM 317 This gave rise to the theory (a probable one) that in the unrecorded past some of the
languages of Men - including the language of the dominant element in the Atani from which
Adunaic was derived - had been influenced by Khuzdul.
PM 319 They had borne Runic inscriptions in several tongues: spells of prohibition and
exclusion in Khuzdul, and commands that all should depart who had not the leave of the Lord
of Moria written in Quenya, Sindarin, the Common Speech, the languages of Rohan and of
Dale and Dunland.
PM 322 22 [My father's point was that Balin and Fundin are actual Old Norse names
used as ‘translations' for the purpose of The Lord of the Rings. What he should have
done in a visual representation of the tomb-inscription was to use, not of course their
‘inner’ names in Khuzdul, but their real ‘outer’ names which in the text of The Lord of
the Rings are represented by Balin and Fundin. ]
PM 323 As they said, the change in Khuzdul as compared with the tongue of the Elves,
and still more with those of Men, was ‘like the weathering of hard rock compared with
the melting of snow. ’
TI 174 THE RING GOES SOUTH 1939-1942
18 This is the first occurrence of the Dwarvish name Barazinbar, concerning which my father
wrote long after (in the notes referred to in VI.466, notes 36, 39) that Khuzdul baraz (BRZ)
probably = ‘red, or ruddy’, and inbar (MBR) a horn, Sindarin Caradhras < caran-rass being
a translation of the Dwarvish name. — Subsequently both Caradhras and Caradras occur as
the manuscript was originally written, but the latter far more frequently.
S385 A circumflex accent in stressed monosyllables in Sindarin denotes the particularly
long vowel heard in such words (thus Hîn Húrin); but in Adunaic (Númenórean) and
Khuzdul (Dwarvish) names the circumflex is simply used to denote long vowels.
S422 Khazad The name of the Dwarves in their own language
(Khuzdul). 103
LOTR app.E p.494 1955 On Dwarvish (Khuzdul) see note below.
LOTR app.E p.511 The dislocation'in values was due mainly to two causes: (1) the alteration
in the values of 34, 35, 54 respectively to h (the clear or glottal beginning of a word with an
initial vowel that appeared in Khuzdul), and s; (2) the abandonment of the Nos. 14, 16 for
which the Dwarves substituted 29, 30.
PE17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Kheled-zâram. Probably "glass-pool, lake." The Sindarin name is not given in L.R.
but was Nen Cenedril 'Lake Looking-glass'. kheled was certainly a D. word for "glass,"
and seems to be origin of S heledh 'glass'. Cf Lake Hele(d)vorn near the Dwarf-regions
in north of DOR- Caranthir: it means 'black glass', and is probably also a translation of
Dwarf-name (given by the Dwarves: the same is prob. case in the Moria-region), such
as Narag-zâram [that NRG was Khuzdul for "black" is seen in Dwarf-name for Mordor:
Nargûn].
khuzdûl «Гномий язык, гномий». «Dwarvish» 1959
PM301 OF DWARVES AND MEN 1969
In the Dwarvish traditions of the Third Age the names of the places where each of the Seven
Ancestors had ‘awakened’ were remembered; but only two of them were known to Elves and
Men of the West: the most westerly, the awakening place of the ancestors of the Firebeards and
the Broadbeams; and that of the ancestor of the Longbeards, 24 the eldest in making and
awakening. The first had been in the north of the Ered Lindon, the great eastern wall of
Beleriand, of which the Blue Mountains of the Second and later ages were the remnant; the
second had been Mount Gundabad (in origin a Khuzdul name), which was therefore revered by
the Dwarves, and its occupation in the Third Age by the Orks of Sauron was one of the chief
reasons for their great hatred of the Orks. 25 The other two places were eastward, at distances as
great or greater than that between the Blue Mountains and Gundabad: the arising of the
Ironfists and Stiff-beards, and that of the Blacklocks and Stonefoots. Though these four points
were far sundered the Dwarves of different kindreds were in communication, and in the early
ages often held assemblies of delegates at Mount Gundabad. In times of great need even the
most distant would send help to any of their people; as was the case in the great War against the
Orks (Third Age 2793 to 2799). Though they were loth to migrate and make permanent
dwellings or ‘mansions' far from their original homes, except under great pressure from
enemies or after some catastrophe such as the ruin of Beleriand, they were great and hardy
travellers and skilled road-makers; also, all the kindreds shared a common language.
PM291, 297, 300, 301, 302 Durin's Folk в начале 1950-х, некоторые исправления в
1965
The Dwarves were in many ways a special case. They had an ancient language of their own
which they prized highly; and even when, as among the Longbeard Dwarves of the West, it had
ceased to be their native tongue and had become a ‘book-language’, it was carefully preserved
and taught to all their children at an early age. It thus served as a lingua franca between all
Dwarves of all kinds; but it was also a written language used in all important histories and lore,
and in recording any matters not intended to be read by other people. This Khuzdul (as they
called it), partly because of their native secretiveness, and partly because of its inherent
difficulty, 4 was seldom learned by those of other race.
The Longbeard Dwarves therefore adopted the Runes, and modified them for their own uses
(especially the expression of Khuzdul); and they adhered to them even far into the Third Age,
when they were forgotten by others except the loremasters of Elves and Men. Indeed it was
generally supposed by the unlearned that they had been invented by the Dwarves, and they
were widely known as ‘dwarf-letters'. 8
The use of the Dwarf-tongue (Khuzdul) is possible in so short an inscription, since this tongue
has been sketched in some detail of structure, if with a very small vocabulary. But the names
Balin and Fundin are in such a context absurd. The Dwarves, as is stated in III. 411, 18 had
names in their own language; these they only used among themselves (on solemn occasions)
and kept strictly secret from other peoples, and therefore never spelt them out in writing or
inscriptions meant for or likely to be seen by strangers. In times or places where they had
dealings, in trade or friendship, with their neighbours, they adopted ‘outer names' for
convenience. 19
In consequence such names as Balin, etc. would not have appeared in any contemporary
inscription using actual Khuzdul.
This gave rise to the theory (a probable one) that in the unrecorded past some of the languages
of Men - including the language of the dominant element in the Atani from which Adunaic was
derived - had been influenced by Khuzdul. They had, it is said, a complex pictographic or
ideographic writing or carving of their own. But this they kept resolutely secret.
They had borne Runic inscriptions in several tongues: spells of prohibition and exclusion in
Khuzdul, and commands that all should depart who had not the leave of the Lord of Moria
written in Quenya, Sindarin, the Common Speech, the languages of Rohan and of Dale and
Dunland.
[In the margin against the paragraph in the text at this point my father pencilled:
[My father's point was that Balin and Fundin are actual Old Norse names used as ‘translations'
for the purpose of The Lord of the Rings. What he should have done in a visual representation
of the tomb-inscription was to use, not of course their ‘inner’ names in Khuzdul, but their real
‘outer’ names which in the text of The Lord of the Rings are represented by Balin and Fundin. ]
As they said, the change in Khuzdul as compared with the tongue of the Elves, and still more
with those of Men, was ‘like the weathering of hard rock compared with the melting of snow. ’
PM 321 Dwarves and Men 1969
In later times, when their own Khuzdûl had become only a learned language, and the Dwarves
had adopted the Common Speech or a local language of Men, they naturally used these ‘outer’
names also for all colloquial purposes. [Khuzdûl is in this case spelt with a circumflex accent
on the second vowel. ]
21 The references (in Appendix A [beginning of III, Durin's Folk]) to the legends of the origin
of the Dwarves of the kin known as Longbeards (Khuzdûl Sigin-tarâg, translated by Quenya
Anda-fangar, Sindarin Anfangrim) and their renowned later ‘mansions' in Khazad-dûm (Moria)
are too brief to make the linguistic situation clear.
PM358 Shibboleth of Feanor 1968
His sons were too occupied in war and feuds to pay attention to such matters, save Maglor who
was a poet, and Curufin, his fourth and favourite son to whom he gave his own name; but
Curufin was most interested in the alien language of the Dwarves, being the only one of the
Noldor to win their friendship. It was from him that the loremasters obtained such knowledge
as they could of the Khuzdûl.
LOTR App.E 494, 511 1955 K is used in names drawn from other than Elvish languages, with
the same value as c; kh thus represents the same sound as ch in Orkish Grishnákh, or Adunaic
(Númenórean) Adunakhor. On Dwarvish (Khuzdul) see note below..
NOTE ON PRONUNCIATION 385 A circumflex accent in stressed monosyllables in Sindarin
denotes the particularly long vowel heard in such words (thus Hîn Húrin); but in Adunaic
(Númenórean) and Khuzdul (Dwarvish) names the circumflex is simply used to denote long
vowels..
VT 48-24 ”Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals and Related Writings”, Variation D/L in
Common Eldarin 1968
The Ered Luin were the remains of the mountain range that formed the eastern boundary of
Beleriand (usually called by the Eldar Ered Lindon), difficult to cross. But the Dwarves had
built10 some great Mansions in those mountains (commanding the only passes), which had
certainly been founded long, even in Elvish time, before the coming of the exiled Noldor,
probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand. Khuzdûl, the tongue of
the Dwarves, did not, howcvcr, tolerate two initial consonants. But a name such as sulûn and
salôn would fit the Dwarvish word formation from the hase SLN 'fail, descend swiftly'. 'The
upper course of'thc Lune was very steep and swift, and no doubt had been so in older days.
VT 48—28,29 The problem of Lhûn 1968?
In Tolkien's aliernative proposal that Lhûn is "probably an alteration of a Dwarvish name", the
Khuzdûl base SLN 'fall, descend swiftly and its derivatives sulûn or salôn appear to be ad hoc
inventions — I have found no evidence of such a Dwarvish base or forms elsewhere in Tolkien
s writings, published or unpublished,
Thе reinterpretation or Lhun as a Dwarvish rather than elvish form is similar 10 what happened
to Felagund, surname of Finrod. Felagund, like Lhun, was first imagined as a Noldorin name;
in ihe Quenta Silimirillhm of 1937 38 it is glossed 'Lord of Caves' (V:n6, 223), with the
constituent elements appearing in the Etymologies is N.fela cave and N. cunn 'prince (V381,
366; Vl^-i). Over twenty years later, in notes dated December 1959, Felagund is said to derive
instead from Dwarvish felakgundu felaggundu 'cave-hewer'"a compound of felak 'a tool like a
broad-bladed chisel, or small axe-head without haft, for cutting stone; to use this tool' and
gundu 'underground hall', referring to "Finrods skill in lighter stone-carving" (XII:3si-52).
Khuzûd «гномы» 1937
LR274 Quenta Silmarillon поздние 1930е, посл.ревизии дек 1937 - янв 1938
Themselves they named Khuzûd, but the Gnomes called them Neweg, the stunted, and those
who dwelt in Nogrod they called Enfeng, the Longbeards, because their beards swept the floor
before their feet. Their chief cities in those days were Khazaddûm and Gabilgathol, which the
Elves of Beleriand called, according to their meaning in the language of Doriath, Nogrod, the
Dwarfmine, and Belegost, the Great Fortress. But few of the Elves, save Meglin of Gondolin,
went ever thither, and the Dwarfs trafficked into Beleriand, and made a great road, passing
under the shoulders of Mount Dolmed, which followed thence the course of Ascar, and crossed
Gelion at Sarn-athrad. There battle later befell, but as yet the Dwarfs troubled the Elves little,
while the power of the Gnomes lasted.
LR 278 Khuzûd: the first appearance of this name, or of any Dwarvish name for Dwarves. Cf.
The Lord of the Rings, Appendix F: ‘Khazad-dûm, the Mansion of the Khazad; for such is their
own name for their own race, and has been so, since Aulë gave it to them at their making in the
deeps of time.’
Enfeng: cf. Q (IV. 104): ‘those who dwelt in Nogrod they called Indrafangs, the Longbeards,
because their beards swept the floor before their feet.’ The name Enfeng here first appears.
Originally the Longbeards were the Dwarves of Belegost (II. 247).
WJ205 The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 1951
In their own tongue the Dwarves name themselves Khuzûd [> Khazad]; and the Dark-elves
called them / the Naugrim [> Naug], the stunted. Which name the exiled Noldor also used [>
likewise took for them], but called them also the Nyrn [struck out: of like meaning], and the
Gonnhirrim masters of stone; and those who dwelt in Belegost they called the Ennfeng or
Longbeards, for their beards swept the floor before their feet. The chief cities of the Khuzûd [>
Khazad] in the west of Middle-earth in those days were at Khazaddûm, and at
WJ209 The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 1951
Of the names of the Dwarves themselves, there first occur here Gonnhirrim masters of stone,
and Nyrn (cf. Nornwaith in AAm, X.93, Norn-folk in GA §19, and the name Nornhabar of
Khazad-dûm). Naugrim is now said to mean ‘stunted’, and Nyrn is ‘of like meaning’, though
this statement was struck out; in the original text (§124) Neweg = ‘stunted’. In addition,
Khuzûd was subsequently changed to Khazad, and Naugrim to Naug. I give here a summary of
the development of these confusing names and forms:
WJ210 The next text was the typescript of the LQ 1 series, which followed the manuscript text
exactly (but the changes of Khuzûd > Khazad and Naugrim > Naug in §7 do not appear, nor in
LQ 2), and after the first paragraph of the section Of the Edain (§9), where the revised version
ends, followed the original text of QS, with the very few alterations that were made to it and
which have been given on pp. 201-2.
WJ214 (The changes of Khuzûd to Khazad and Naugrim to Naug made on the manuscript did
not appear in the typescripts as typed, see pp. 205, 210.) The passage was rewritten on LQ 2
thus:
In their own tongue the Dwarves name themselves Khazad; but the Grey-elves called them the
Nyrn, the hard. This name the exiled Noldor likewise took for them, but called them also the
Naugrim, the stunted folk ...
Kibil 1957? 1964-1965??
PE 17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D kibil -nala: kibil is almost certainly "silver," having a remote connexion with the Eldarin
words (as noted above). But the meaning of nâla is not known. If it corresponds to -rant,
and -lode, it should mean "path, course, river-course or bed." It is probable that Dwarves
actually found silver in the river.
fCf. TI 175 (where this etymology is cited), and Kibilnala 'Silverlode', 241.]
Kibilnâla «Серебряная жила, Серебрянка» `Silverlode'. поздний 1939
TI 241 Lothlorien поздние 1939 - 1942
Silverlode has here replaced Blackroot: see p. 235. On the same page as this passage are the
following notes:
Transpose names Blackroot and Silverlode. Silverlode dwarfish Kibilnâla elvish
Celeb(rind)rath.
The two river-names being transposed, Silverlode in this speech of Boromir's in the earlier
chapter was changed at this time to Blackroot (p. 187 note 1); and in the new version of ‘The
Ring Goes South' the Dwarvish name of the northern river was changed from Buzundush to
Kibil-nâla (p. 167 and note 22).
Kibil-nâla «Серебряная жила, Серебрянка» `Silverlode'.
TI 241 Lothlorien поздний 1939 - 1942
Silverlode has here replaced Blackroot: see p. 235. On the same page as this passage are the
following notes:
Transpose names Blackroot and Silverlode. Silverlode dwarfish Kibilnâla elvish
Celeb(rind)rath.
The two river-names being transposed, Silverlode in this speech of Boromir's in the earlier
chapter was changed at this time to Blackroot (p. 187 note 1); and in the new version of ‘The
Ring Goes South' the Dwarvish name of the northern river was changed from Buzundush to
Kibil-nâla (p. 167 and note 22).
TI 290 Farewell of Lorien 1939 - 1942
‘Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram, and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla...’: a further
indication that that text was already in existence.
Ti 174, 175 The ring goes south 1939 - 1942
When Silverlode superseded Blackroot, as it did before the original text of the ‘Lothlórien’
story was completed, the passage was changed to its form in FR: ’ “Dark is the water of
Kheled-zâram,” said Gimli, “and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla.” ’ The name Kheledzaram
first appears in these variant passages; see VI.466, note 39, where I cited my father's much later
note explaining the name as meaning ‘glass-pool’. In the same notes he discussed the Dwarvish
word for ‘silver’:
But ‘silver’ is evidently KBL in Kibil-nâla — KBL seems to have some connexion with
Quenya telep- ‘silver’.
Still later pencilled notes reversed this explanation, suggesting that zigil (ZGL) meant ‘silver’
and zirak meant ‘spike’. — Of Kibil-nâla my father noted that ‘the meaning of nâla is not
known. If it corresponds to rant [in Celebrant] and lode [in Silverlode], it should mean “path,
course, rivercourse or bed”.’ He added later: ‘It is probable that the Dwarves actually found
silver in the river.’
LOTR I 371 1954 There lies the Mirrormere, and there the River Silverlode
rises in its icy springs.’
‘Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram,’ said Gimli, ‘and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla. My
heart trembles at the thought that I may see them soon.’
There lies the Mirrormere, and there the River Silverlode
rises in its icy springs.’
‘Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram,’ said Gimli, ‘and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla. My
heart trembles at the thought that I may see them soon.’
LOTR I (2) 462 ‘Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram, and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla,
and fair were the many-pillared halls of Khazad-dûm in Elder Days before the fall of mighty
kings beneath the stone.’
PM 275 Prologue and App.
Making of App. A – Durin`s folk в ранние 1950е, ревизии в 1965
Durin was the name of one of the fathers of all the race of the Dwarves. In the deeps of time
and the beginning of that people he came to Azanulbizar, the Dimrill Dale, and in the caves
above Kibil-nâla [> Kheled-zâram], 1 the Mirrormere, in the east of the Misty Mountains, he
made his dwelling, where after were the Mines of Moria renowned in song.
PM 279 But in this case, at any rate, the loss of the draft typescript would have done little
more than distort the textual development in some details; it would have deprived this history
only of the Dwarvish name Zigilnâd of the Silverlode (cf. Zirak-zigil ‘Silvertine’, VII. 174-5,
note 22) - in itself surprising, in view of Kibil-nâla in The Lord of the Rings (see note 1).
PM 286 Since Kheled-zâram and Kibil-nâla as the Dwarvish names of Mirrormere and
Silverlode entered early in the history of the writing of The Lord of the Rings (see VII. 167,
174), it seems clear that the naming of Mirrormere Kibil-nâla here was a slip without
significance, and is unlikely to have any connection with the curious appearance of the name
Zigilnâd for Silverlode in the draft typescript of Durin's Folk (p. 279).
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
But "silver" is evidently KBL in Kibil-nâla — it seems to have some connexion with Q telep'silver', S celeb (< kelep, or kyelep).
PE 17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D kibil-nâla: kibil is almost certainly "silver," having a remote connexion with the Eldarin
words (as noted above). But the meaning of nâla is not known. If it corresponds to -rant,
and -lode, it should mean "path, course, river-course or bed." It is probable that Dwarves
actually found silver in the river.
fCf. TI 175 (where this etymology is cited), and Kibilnala 'Silverlode', 241.]
KBL 1957?
Ti 174, 175 The ring goes south 1939 - 1942
When Silverlode superseded Blackroot, as it did before the original text of the ‘Lothlórien’
story was completed, the passage was changed to its form in FR: ’ “Dark is the water of
Kheled-zâram,” said Gimli, “and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla.” ’ The name Kheledzaram
first appears in these variant passages; see VI.466, note 39, where I cited my father's much later
note explaining the name as meaning ‘glass-pool’. In the same notes he discussed the Dwarvish
word for ‘silver’:
But ‘silver’ is evidently KBL in Kibil-nâla — KBL seems to have some connexion with
Quenya telep- ‘silver’.
Still later pencilled notes reversed this explanation, suggesting that zigil (ZGL) meant ‘silver’
and zirak meant ‘spike’. — Of Kibil-nâla my father noted that ‘the meaning of nâla is not
known. If it corresponds to rant [in Celebrant] and lode [in Silverlode], it should mean “path,
course, rivercourse or bed”.’ He added later: ‘It is probable that the Dwarves actually found
silver in the river.’
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
But "silver" is evidently KBL in Kibil-nâla — it seems to have some connexion with Q telep'silver', S celeb (< kelep, or kyelep).
Mahal `Aule' 1950 - 1951
Silm. ch.2 For they say that Aulë the Maker, whom they call Mahal, cares for them, and
gathers them to Mandos in halls set apart; and that he declared to their Fathers of old that
Ilúvatar will hallow them and give them a place among the Children in the End.
WJ10 Grey Annals 1950 - 1951
How the Dwarves came into the world the Eldar know not for certain, though the loremasters
have elsewhere recorded the tales of the Naugrim themselves (such as they would reveal)
concerning their beginning. They say that Aulë the Maker, whom they call Mahal, brought
them into being; and however that may be, certain it is that they were great smiths and masons,
though of old there was little beauty in their works. Iron and copper they loved to work more
than silver or gold, and stone more than wood.
WJ 108 This cautious and sceptical view of the story of the origin of the Dwarves - ascribing it
entirely to the Dwarves themselves - seems to contrast with earlier texts, where it is said to be
derived from ‘the wise in Valinor’ (V.129, 273). - The name Mahal of Aulë has not appeared
before.
mazarb 1957? 1964-1965??
PE 17-47 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Mazarbul chamber of. √ZRB, probably "write, inscribe*': mazarb appears to mean
*'written documents, records"; — ul as above?
Mazarbul. chamber of. Ma[zarb]ul, documents, records. [Draft Cf RS 467; TI 191]
ma\zarb\ul 1957? 1964-1965??
PE 17-47 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Mazarbul chamber of. √ZRB, probably "write, inscribe*': mazarb appears to mean
*'written documents, records"; — ul as above?
Mazarbul. chamber of. Ma[zarb]ul, documents, records. [Draft Cf RS 467; TI 191]
Mazarbul `(of?) Records'. «Летописный, записей». 1939
SA1 : II ch.5 p.418-419 1954 Then Balin has set up his seat in the Chamber of Mazarbul.’
‘The Chamber of Records,’ said Gimli. ‘I guess that is where we now stand.’
We will take this book, the Book of Mazarbul, and look at it more closely later.
SA1 : II ch.5 p. 420-421 This must be, as Gimli says, the Chamber of Mazarbul; and the hall
must be the twenty-first of the North-end. Therefore we should leave by the eastern arch of the
hall, and bear right and south, and go downwards.
We will make them fear the Chamber of Mazarbul!’ he said grimly, feeling the edge of his
sword, Andúril.
SA1 : II ch.5 p. 462 Then Aragorn recounted all that had happened upon the pass of
Caradhras, and in the days that followed; and he spoke of Balin and his book, and the fight in
the Chamber of Mazarbul, and the fire, and the narrow bridge, and the coming of the Terror.
‘An evil of the Ancient World it seemed, such as I have never seen before,’ said Aragorn. ‘It
was both a shadow and a flame, strong and terrible.’
LOTR App.E p.511 1955 The Dwarves of Erebor used a further modification of this system,
known as the mode of Erebor, and exempli fied in the Book of Mazarbul. Its chief
characteristics were: the use of 43 as z; of 17 as ks (x); and the invention of two new cirth, 57,
58 for ps and ts. They also re-introduced 14, 16 for the values j, zh; but used 29, 30 for g, gh, or
as mere variants of 19, 21. These peculiarities are not included in the table, except for the
special Ereborian cirth, 57, 58.
PM 26 The Appendix on Languages 1948 и 1950-1955
7 My father deeply regretted that in the event his ‘facsimiles' of the torn and burned pages from
the Book of Mazarbul were not reproduced in The Lord of the Rings (see Letters nos.137, 13940; but also pp. 298-9 in this book). They were finally published in Pictures by J. R. R. Tolkien,
1979.
PM 298 Of dwarwes and Men 1969
Therefore in such documents as the Book of Mazarbul - not ‘secret’ but intended primarily for
Dwarves, and probably intended later to provide material for chronicles10 - they used the
Runes. But the spelling was mixed and irregular. In general and by intention it was a
transcription of the current spelling of the Common Speech into Runic terms; but this was
often ‘incorrect’, owing to haste and the imperfect knowledge of the Dwarves; and it was also
mingled with numerous cases of words spelt phonetically (according to the pronunciation of
the Dwarves) - for instance, letters that had in the colloquial pronunciation of the late Third
Age ceased to have any function were sometimes omitted. 11
In preparing an example of the Book of Mazarbul, and making three torn and partly illegible
pages, 12 I followed the general principle followed throughout: the Common Speech was to be
represented as English of today, literary or colloquial as the case demanded. Consequently the
text was cast into English spelt as at present, but modified as it might be by writers in haste
whose familiarity with the written form was imperfect, and who were also (on the first and
third pages) transliterating the English into a different alphabet - one that did not for instance
employ any letter in more than one distinct value, so that the distribution of English k, c — c,
s was reduced to k — s; while the use of the letters for s and z was variable since English uses
s frequently as = z. In addition, since documents of this kind nearly always show uses of
letters or shapes that are peculiar and rarely or never found elsewhere, a few such features are
also introduced: as the signs for the English vowel pairs ea, oa, ou (irrespective of their
sounds).
This is all very well, and perhaps gives some idea of the kind of text Gandalf was trying to
read in great haste in the Chamber of Mazarbul.
TI 191-192 Mines of Moria 1939 - 1942
‘We drove out Orcs from ... first hall. We slew many under the bright sun in the Dale. Flói
was killed by an arrow. He slew... We have occupied [> taken] the Twenty-first Hall of Northend [added: to dwell in]. There is there ... shaft is... Balin has set up his seat in the Chamber
of Mazarbul... gold... Durin's axe. Balin is Lord of Moria... We found true-silver... Wellforged... (To)morrow Óin is... seek [> Óin to seek] for the upper armouries and treasury of
the Third Deep ... mithril.
This must be the Chamber of Mazarbul and that hall the 21st Hall of the North-end.
TI 195 ‘But I have blasted the door and felled the roof against it, and if the Chamber of
Mazarbul is not a heap of ruins behind it, then I am no wizard.
TI 200 Then Balin has set up his seat in the Chamber of Mazarbul.’
‘The Chamber of Records,’ said Girrili. ‘I guess that is where we now stand.’
TI 209 (A ring from Mazarbul would be useful.)6
TI 215 13 Mazarbul. Battle of Bridge. Escape to Lothlórien
The ‘ring from Mazarbul’ evidently refers back to what is said
earlier: They take [Frodo's] ring and find it is no good.’
TI 247 Ingold then recounted all that had happened upon the pass of Caradras and afterwards;
and he spoke of Balin and his book and the fight in the Chamber of Mazarbul, and the fire, and
the narrow bridge, and the coming of the Balrog.
TI 457-459 App. Of Runes поздние 1930е
On plate VII have redrawn the runic writing from the two earliest illustrations of a burnt and
blackened page from the Book of Mazarbul. These redrawings are intended to show the runes
and their relative placing and nothing more. The earliest form (i) is found on the back of the
last page of the original ‘Moria’ chapter (see VI.460,467). This is the merest sketch, an
indication of what might be done in this direction: it was made very hastily, scribbled down,
with little attempt at verisimilitude, the illegible parts of the page being represented by rough
scribbled strokes (and the number of missing lines in my redrawing is approximate and
impressionistic).
[B]alin haz set ^p hiz tier in the tseimbr ov Mazar bul
Comparison with E will show that the second version of the page from the Book of Mazarbul
agrees with it in every point and detail. The different form of the l-rune in Flōi (line 4), with
the crossing stroke falling, not rising, to the right, is probably merely accidental (in the third
version the shape is normal at this point).
It is plain therefore that the first three drawings of this page from the Book of Mazarbul all
belong to the same time, and relate step by step to the rewriting of this passage through the
original draft and first fair copy of the narrative chapter; and that the runic alphabet set out in
E, ‘Dwarfrunes for writing English’ (plate V), belongs to this time also. But when the fourth
version of this page was done the runic values had changed.
The first drawings of the other two pages from the Book of Mazarbul (that written by Ori in
Elvish script and the last page of the book, in runes) belong with and were done at the same
time as the third drawing of the first page; for the texts see pp. 200—1
RS467 Story continued 1939
(B)alin has set up his chair in the chamber of Mazarbul
L138 From a letter to Christopher Tolkien 4 August 1953
What is the position about the reproduction of the burned pages of the ‘Book of Mazarbul’
belonging to the opening of Chapter V of the second book? The text as it stands is rather
pointless without them. I still hold the original ‘facsimiles'. I also hold the drawing of the secret
door, which is required to face, or to be included in the text, corresponding to the bottom of
Galley 98, towards the end of Chapter IV of the second book.
139 From a letter to Rayner Unwin 8 August 1953 L.p.170
What is the position about the reproduction of the burned pages of the ‘Book of Mazarbul’
belonging to the opening of Chapter V of the second book?
From a letter to Hugh Brogan 18 September 1954 L.p.186
But it was reduced; and the lovely (I thought) facsimiles of the 3 burned pages of the Book of
Mazarbul also vanished - so that folk could have the thing at the trifling cost of 21/-!
187 From a letter to H. Cotton Minchin (draft) Not dated; April 1956. Letters 248
Reluctantly also I had to abandon, under pressure from the ‘production department’, the
‘facsimiles' of the three pages of the Book of Mazarbul, burned tattered and blood-stained,
which I had spent much time on producing or forging.
PE 17-47 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Mazarbul chamber of. √ZRB, probably "write, inscribe*': mazarb appears to mean *'written
documents, records"; — ul as above?
Mazarbul. chamber of. Ma[zarb]ul, documents, records. [Draft Cf RS 467; TI 191]
Page of Balin`s book TI 457 (1939?)
1 We drouv aut the orks fro[m].... gard
2 ... [f]irst hōl. Wī slū meni Andr the brait s^n
3 in the deil. Flōi woz kild bai An arou ....
4 Wī did..........
9 Wī ha[v] okjupaid the twentiÍ^rst hōl ov
10 norþ end. Der ðr iz ..........
11 ............ saft iz..........
12 [B]alin haz set ^p hiz tier in the tseimbr ov Mazar
13 bul......................Balin iz lord ov
14 Moria..........
18 Balin..........
20 Kazaddūm
1 We drove out orns from the great gate and guard
2 (r)oom and took the first hall: we slew many in the br
3 (i)ght sun in the dale: Flo'i was killed by an arr
4 ow. He slew the great chiefta(in) ............. .Flo'i
5 under grass near Mirrormer(e). .............. came
6 ......................................... ken
7 (w?)e repaire(d) ................................
8 ............................................
9 We have taken the twentyfirst hall of northen
10 nd to dwell in There is g(ood) air. .................
11 ............................. that can easily be
12 watched.......... the shaft is clear ..............
13 Balin has set up his seat in the chamber of Maz
14 arbul ................ ga(th)ered ...............
15 gold.........................................
16 .............................................
17 ....... .wonderful (lay?) Durin's Axe. ........ .sil
18 ver helm Balin h(a)s ta(k)en them for his own
19 Balin is now lord of Moria:
******
20 ............ today we found truesilver ..........
21 .......................... wellforged hel(m)....
22 n. .coat m(ade7) all of purest mithril. .............
23 Iin to seek for the upper armouries of the third deep
24 .... go westwards to s.............. to Hollin gate
Page 3 (1939)
Pages of Mazarbul (1940)
#1
1 We drove out orns from the great gate and guard
2 (r)oom and took the first hall: we slew many in the br
3 (i)ght sun in the dale: Flo'i was killed by an arr
4 ow. He slew the great chiefta(in) ............. .Flo'i
5 under grass near Mirrormer(e). .............. came
6 ......................................... ken
7 (w?)e repaire(d) ................................
8 ............................................
9 We have taken the twentyfirst hall of northen
10 nd to dwell in There is g(ood) air. .................
11 ............................. that can easily be
12 watched.......... the shaft is clear ..............
13 Balin has set up his seat in the chamber of Maz
14 arbul ................ ga(th)ered ...............
15 gold.........................................
16 .............................................
17 ....... .wonderful (lay?) Durin's Axe. ........ .sil
18 ver helm Balin h(a)s ta(k)en them for his own
19 Balin is now lord of Moria:
******
20 ............ today we found truesilver ..........
21 .......................... wellforged hel(m)....
22 n. .coat m(ade7) all of purest mithril. .............
23 Iin to seek for the upper armouries of the third deep
24 .... go westwards to s.............. to Hollin gate
Page 3 (1940)
1 We cannot get out: we cannot get out
2 they have taken the bridge and second h
3 (a)ll. Fra'r &. Lo'ni & Na'li fell the
4 re bravely wh(ile the) rest retr....... .....
5 Ma(zarb)ul. We still ho.................
6 g: but hope u.......... n...... (O'?)ins p
7 arty went 5 days ago but (today) only
8 4 returned: the pool is up to the wall
9 at Westgate: the watcher in the water too
10 k O'in - we cannot get out: the end com
11 es soon we hear drums drums in the deep
They are coming
Само слово Mazarbul:
Ранний вариант(Page of Balin`s book, page of the book of Moria) поздний 1939,
конец1940 (гномьи руны для английского)
Окончательный вариант март 1947 (Ангертас Эребор)
mênu 1957? 1964-1965??
PE 17-85 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D ai-mênu. aya, upon, mênu, accusative pl. 'you'.
WR:20 ch.2 Helm`s deep (Fall of Saruman) 1957? 1964-1965??
Gimli's cry as he sprang on the Orcs who had fallen on Éomer: Baruk Khazad! Khazad aimênu! appears in this form from the first writing of the scene. Years later, after the publication
of LR, my father began on an analysis of all fragments of other languages (Quenya, Sindarin,
Khuzdul, the Black Speech) found in the book, but unhappily before he had reached the end of
FR the notes, at the outset full and elaborate, had diminished to largely uninterpretable jottings.
Baruk he here translated as ‘axes', without further comment; ai-mênu is analysed as aya, mēnu,
but the meanings are not clearly legible: most probably aya ‘upon’, mēnu ‘ace. pl. you’.
MBR, tri-consonantal root seen in inbar `horn' (TI:174). 1957?
TI174 The ring goes south 1939 – 1942
This is the first occurrence of the Dwarvish name Barazinbar, concerning which my father
wrote long after (in the notes referred to in VI.466, notes 36, 39) that Khuzdul baraz (BRZ)
probably = ‘red, or ruddy’, and inbar (MBR) a horn, Sindarin Caradhras < caran-rass being a
translation of the Dwarvish name. — Subsequently both Caradhras and Caradras occur as the
manuscript was originally written, but the latter far more frequently.
PE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957?
inbar (NBR), a horn.
[Cf. TI 166, this etymology being cited in the connected footnote on p. 174, although the
base for inbar was given incorrectly as MBR.]
Mîm, a Petty-Dwarf, language unsure, (S:202, UT:97 Silm. ch.21). 1916-1920
HH 86 Tolkien may have derived the name from Mimir, the Norse god of wisdom, but more
likely this represents one of his very few borrowings from Wagner, who gave the name
'Mime' to the dwarven smith who counselled Siegfried how to slay the giant Fafnir (a role
filled by Regin in the Eddas and Volsunga Saga).
UT125 Narn I hin Hurin в 1950е
It is only a dwarf, I guess. Let him up, and speak.’
So it was that Mim came in to the Tale of the Children of Hŭrin.
Only a dwarf, as you say, and not an Ore. Mĭm is my name.
BLT II 103, Turambar and Foaloke 1916-1920
Much of this did spies report to the Foalókë, and his wrath was terrible. Moreover his greed
was mightily kindled, so that after pondering’ much he set a guard that he might trust to watch
his dwelling and his treasury, and the captain of these was Mîm the dwarf.26
BLT II 134
Two notable points in this section remain to be mentioned; both are afterthoughts pencilled
into the manuscript. In the one we meet for the first time Mîm the Dwarf as the captain of
Glorund's guard over his treasure during his absence - a strange choice for the post, one would
think.
BLТ II – 137 (113) Turambar and Foaloke 1916-1920
In the final text, written on slips placed in the manuscript book and given above pp. 113-16, these
questions were resolved thus: Úrin's band was at first Men, then changed to Elves (see note 33); the
treasure was guarded by the dwarf Mîm, whom Úrin slew, and it was he who cursed the gold as he
died; Úrin's band became a baggage-train to carry the treasure to Tinwelint in sacks and wooden
boxes (and they got it to the bridge before the king's door in the heart of the forest without,
apparently, any difficulty).
Subsequent to the writing of the Tale of Turambar proper, my father inserted Mîm into the
text at an earlier point in the story (see pp. 103, 118 note 26), making him the captain of the
guard appointed by Glorund to watch the treasure in his absence; but whether this was written
in before or after the appearance of Mîm at the end (pp. 113-14) - whether it represents a
different idea, or is an explanation of how Mîm came to be there — I cannot say.
In The Silmarillion (pp. 230-2) the story is wholly changed, in that the treasure remained in
Nargothrond, and Húrin after the slaying of Mîm (for a far better reason than that in the early
narrative) brought nothing from it to Doriath save the Necklace of the Dwarves.
BLT II 222 Nauglafring 1916-1920
Thus did the curse of Mîm the Dwarf begin its course; and yet another sorrow sown by the
Noldoli of old in Valinor was come to fruit.4
BLT 230 Hearing therefore these tidings new wrath was added to their lust and a clamour
arose among them, and Naugladur vowed to rest not ere Mîm was thrice avenged - “and
more,” said he, “meseems the gold belongs of right to the people of the Dwarves.”
BLT II 246 It is not said in the Tale of Turambar that Glorund had cursed the gold or
enspelled it; but Mîm said to Úrin (p. 114): ‘Has not Glorund lain long years upon it, and the
evil of the drakes of Melko is on it, and no good can it bring to Man or Elf.’ Most notably,
Gwendelin implies, against Beren's assertion that ‘its holiness might overcome all such evils',
that the Silmaril itself is unhallowed, since it ‘abode in the Crown of Melko’ (p. 239). In the
later of the two ‘schemes' for the Lost Tales (see I. 107 note 3) it is said that the Nauglafring
‘brought sickness to Tinúviel’.*
* It is said in the Gnomish dictionary that the curse of Mîm was ‘appeased’ when the
Nauglafring was lost in the sea; see the Appendix on Names, entry Nauglafring.
SM 36, Earliest Silmarillion ок. 1926, исправлено в 1926-1930
They slay Mîm the Dwarf who had taken possession and enchanted all the gold. Húrin casts
the gold at Thingol's feet with reproaches. Thingol will not have it, and bears with Húrin, until
goaded too far he bids him begone. Húrin wanders away and seeks Morwen, and many for
ages after related that they met them together in the woods lamenting their children.
SM 73, It is not made clear whether Mîm's presence in Nargothrond goes back to the time of
the Dragon (see II. 137), nor whether the outlaws of Húrin's band were Men or Elves (in the
Tale the text was emended to convert them from Men to Elves); and there is no indication of
how the gold was brought to Doriath. The outlaws disappear in S after the slaying of Mîm,
and there is no suggestion of the fighting in the Thousand Caves that in the Tale led to the
mound made over the slain, Cûm an-Idrisaith, the Mound of Avarice.
SM 75-76, The fading of Lúthien follows immediately on the statement that the Necklace was
kept, but no connection is made. In the Tale such a connection is explicit: the doom of
mortality that Mandos had spoken ‘fell swiftly’ and in this perhaps did the curse of Mîm have
[?potency] in that it came more soon upon them (II. 240).
SM 158, 159,Quenta ок. 1930
Húrin gathered therefore a few outlaws of the woods unto him, and they came to
Nargothrond, which as yet none, Orc, Elf, or Man, had dared to plunder, for dread of the spirit
of Glómund and his very memory. But one Mîm the Dwarf they found there. This is the first
coming of the Dwarves into these tales1 of the ancient world; and it is said that Dwarves first
spread west from Erydluin, 2 the Blue Mountains, into Beleriand after the Battle of
Unnumbered Tears. Now Mîm had found the halls and treasure of Nargothrond unguarded;
and he took possession of them, and sat there in joy fingering the gold and gems, and letting
them run ever through his hands; and he bound them to himself with many spells. But the folk
of Mîm were few, and the outlaws filled with the lust of the treasure slew them, though Húrin
would have stayed them, and at his death Mîm cursed the gold.
But the Dwarves coming were stricken at once with the lust and desire of the treasure, and
they plotted treachery. They said one to another: ‘Is not this wealth as much the right of the
Dwarves as of the elvish king, and was it not wrested evilly from Mîm?’ Yet also they lusted
for the Silmaril
SM 227, 228, Quenta
At the beginning of this section it is made clear that Mini's presence in Nargothrond did not
go back to the time of the dragon, since he ‘had found the halls and treasure of Nargothrond
unguarded’. In the Lost Tales my father doubtless saw no particular need to ‘explain’ Mîm; he
was simply there, a feature of the narrative situation, like Andvari the Dwarf in the Norse
Völsung legend. But in Q the first step is taken to relate him to the developing conception of
the Dwarves of Middle-earth: they spread into Beleriand from the Blue Mountains after the
Battle of Unnumbered Tears. (Ultimately the need to ‘explain’ Mîm led to the conception of
the Petty-dwarves. ) But Q's statement that the Dwarves only now enter the tales of the
ancient world seems at variance with earlier passages: with §9, where it is said that the
Fëanorians made war on the Dwarves of Nogrod and Belegost, and with §11, concerning the
furnishing of weapons by the Dwarves to the armies of the Union of Maidros.
Here Mîm has some companions, slain with him by the outlaws of Húrin's band, whom Húrin
‘would have stayed’; in the Tale of Turambar (II. 113) Mîm was alone, and it was Úrin
himself who gave him his death-blow. Whereas in the Tale Úrin's band—large enough to be
called a host—brought the treasure of Nargothrond to the caves of Tinwelint in a mass of
sacks and rough boxes (while in S there is no indication whatsoever of how the treasure came
to Doriath, and the outlaws are not further mentioned after the slaying of Mîm), in Q Húrin's
outlaws are as conveniently got rid of as they were conveniently come by—‘each one died or
was slain in quarrels upon the road’, deaths ascribed to Mîm's curse; and since Húrin now
goes alone to Doriath and gets Thingol's help in the transportation of the treasure the outlawband seems to serve very little narrative purpose.
SM 367 Earliest Annals of Beleriand начало 1930-х
Húrin gathers men unto him. They find the treasure of Nargothrond and slay Mîm the Dwarf
who had taken it to himself. The treasure is cursed.
LR 141 Later Annals of Beleriand середина/конец 1930-х
Húrin gathered men unto him, and they came to Nargothrond, and slew the dwarf Mîm, who
had taken the treasure unto himself. But Mîm cursed the treasure. Húrin brought the gold to
Thingol in Doriath, but he departed thence again with bitter words, and of his fate and the fate
of Morwen thereafter no sure tidings were ever heard.
Silm 248 ch.21 Now the dwarf that they had taken was named Mîm; and he pleaded for his life
before Turin, and offered as ransom to lead them to his hidden halls which none might find
without his aid.
Silm 284 ch.21 Here it must be told that after the departure of Glaurung Mîm the Petty-Dwarf
had found his way to Nargothrond, and crept within the ruined halls; and he took possession of
them, and sat there fingering the gold and the gems, letting them run ever through his hands, for
none came nigh to despoil him, from dread of the spirit of Glaurung and his very memory. But
now one had come, and stood upon the threshold; and Mîm came forth, and demanded to know
his purpose. But Húrin said: ‘Who are you, that would hinder me from entering the house of
Finrod Felagund?’
Then the Dwarf answered: ‘I am Mîm; and before the proud ones came from over the Sea,
Dwarves delved the halls of Nulukkizdîn. I have but returned to take what is mine; for I am the
last of my people.’
WJ 180 Lаter Quenta Silmarillion 1951
In this text the following is said of Mîm the Petty-dwarf:
Mîm gets a certain curious liking for Turin, increased when he
learns that Turin has had trouble with Elves, whom he detests. He
says Elves have caused the end of his race, and taken all their
mansions, especially Nargothrond (Nulukhizidûn).
Nâla «путь, жила» 1955? 1964-1965??
TI 241 Lothlorien поздний 1939 - 1942
Silverlode has here replaced Blackroot: see p. 235. On the same page as this passage are the
following notes:
Transpose names Blackroot and Silverlode. Silverlode dwarfish Kibilnâla elvish
Celeb(rind)rath.
The two river-names being transposed, Silverlode in this speech of Boromir's in the earlier
chapter was changed at this time to Blackroot (p. 187 note 1); and in the new version of ‘The
Ring Goes South' the Dwarvish name of the northern river was changed from Buzundush to
Kibil-nâla (p. 167 and note 22).
TI 290 Farewell of Lorien 1939 - 1942
‘Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram, and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla...’: a further
indication that that text was already in existence.
Ti 174, 175 The ring goes south 1939 - 1942
When Silverlode superseded Blackroot, as it did before the original text of the ‘Lothlórien’
story was completed, the passage was changed to its form in FR: ’ “Dark is the water of
Kheled-zâram,” said Gimli, “and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla.” ’ The name Kheledzaram
first appears in these variant passages; see VI.466, note 39, where I cited my father's much later
note explaining the name as meaning ‘glass-pool’. In the same notes he discussed the Dwarvish
word for ‘silver’:
But ‘silver’ is evidently KBL in Kibil-nâla — KBL seems to have some connexion with
Quenya telep- ‘silver’.
Still later pencilled notes reversed this explanation, suggesting that zigil (ZGL) meant ‘silver’
and zirak meant ‘spike’. — Of Kibil-nâla my father noted that ‘the meaning of nâla is not
known. If it corresponds to rant [in Celebrant] and lode [in Silverlode], it should mean “path,
course, rivercourse or bed”.’ He added later: ‘It is probable that the Dwarves actually found
silver in the river.’
LOTR I 371 1954 There lies the Mirrormere, and there the River Silverlode
rises in its icy springs.’
‘Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram,’ said Gimli, ‘and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla. My
heart trembles at the thought that I may see them soon.’
There lies the Mirrormere, and there the River Silverlode
rises in its icy springs.’
‘Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram,’ said Gimli, ‘and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla. My
heart trembles at the thought that I may see them soon.’
LOTR I (2) 462 ‘Dark is the water of Kheled-zâram, and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla,
and fair were the many-pillared halls of Khazad-dûm in Elder Days before the fall of mighty
kings beneath the stone.’
PM 275 Making of App. A – Durin`s folk ранние 1950е, ревизии в 1965
Durin was the name of one of the fathers of all the race of the Dwarves. In the deeps of time
and the beginning of that people he came to Azanulbizar, the Dimrill Dale, and in the caves
above Kibil-nâla [> Kheled-zâram], 1 the Mirrormere, in the east of the Misty Mountains, he
made his dwelling, where after were the Mines of Moria renowned in song.
PM 279 But in this case, at any rate, the loss of the draft typescript would have done little
more than distort the textual development in some details; it would have deprived this history
only of the Dwarvish name Zigilnâd of the Silverlode (cf. Zirak-zigil ‘Silvertine’, VII. 174-5,
note 22) - in itself surprising, in view of Kibil-nâla in The Lord of the Rings (see note 1).
PM 286 Since Kheled-zâram and Kibil-nâla as the Dwarvish names of Mirrormere and
Silverlode entered early in the history of the writing of The Lord of the Rings (see VII. 167,
174), it seems clear that the naming of Mirrormere Kibil-nâla here was a slip without
significance, and is unlikely to have any connection with the curious appearance of the name
Zigilnâd for Silverlode in the draft typescript of Durin's Folk (p. 279).
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
But "silver" is evidently KBL in Kibil-nâla — it seems to have some connexion with Q telep'silver', S celeb (< kelep, or kyelep).
PE 17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D kibil -nala: kibil is almost certainly "silver," having a remote connexion with the Eldarin
words (as noted above). But the meaning of nâla is not known. If it corresponds to -rant,
and -lode, it should mean "path, course, river-course or bed." It is probable that Dwarves
actually found silver in the river.
Narag-zâram «черное озеро» 1957? 1964-1965??
RS:466 Story continued 1939
In the previous chapter the name Dimrilldale appears as a correction (p. 433, note 13), together
with the first mention of the lake in the dale, there called Glassmere; Mirrormere is named on
the map reproduced on p. 439. The Elvish name Helevorn (in the Etymologies, V.365,
translated ‘black-glass’) given to it here had appeared in the Quenta Silmarillion as the name of
the lake in Thargelion beside which dwelt Cranthir, son of Fëanor. No other Elvish name for
Mirrormere is recorded in published writing, but in the notes referred to in note 36 my father
said that the Sindarin name, not given in LR, was in fact Nen Cenedril ‘Lake Looking-glass’.
Translating Kheled-zâram as ‘probably “glass-pool’”, he noted: ‘kheled was certainly a Dwarf
word for “glass”, and seems to be the origin of Sindarin heleð “glass”. Cf. Lake Hele(ð)vorn
near the Dwarf-regions in the north of Dor Caranthir [Thargelion]: it means “black glass”, and
is probably also a translation of a Dwarf-name (given by the Dwarves: the same is probably the
case in the Moria region) such as Narag-zâram (that NRG was Khuzdul for “black” is seen in
the Dwarf-name for Mordor: Nargûn).’
PE17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Kheled-zâram. Probably "glass-pool, lake." The Sindarin name is not given in L.R.
but was Nen Cenedril 'Lake Looking-glass'. kheled was certainly a D. word for "glass,"
and seems to be origin of S heledh 'glass'. Cf Lake Hele(d)vorn near the Dwarf-regions
in north of DOR- Caranthir: it means 'black glass', and is probably also a translation of
Dwarf-name (given by the Dwarves: the same is prob. case in the Moria-region), such
as Narag-zâram [that NRG was Khuzdul for "black" is seen in Dwarf-name for Mordor:
Nargûn].
Narâg «черная»? 1957? 1964-1965??
PE17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
The river-name Narog is probably of D. origin, Narâg.
Nargûn `Mordor'; 1957? 1964-1965??
RS:466 Story continued 1939
In the previous chapter the name Dimrilldale appears as a correction (p. 433, note 13), together
with the first mention of the lake in the dale, there called Glassmere; Mirrormere is named on
the map reproduced on p. 439. The Elvish name Helevorn (in the Etymologies, V.365,
translated ‘black-glass’) given to it here had appeared in the Quenta Silmarillion as the name of
the lake in Thargelion beside which dwelt Cranthir, son of Fëanor. No other Elvish name for
Mirrormere is recorded in published writing, but in the notes referred to in note 36 my father
said that the Sindarin name, not given in LR, was in fact Nen Cenedril ‘Lake Looking-glass’.
Translating Kheled-zâram as ‘probably “glass-pool’”, he noted: ‘kheled was certainly a Dwarf
word for “glass”, and seems to be the origin of Sindarin heleð “glass”. Cf. Lake Hele(ð)vorn
near the Dwarf-regions in the north of Dor Caranthir [Thargelion]: it means “black glass”, and
is probably also a translation of a Dwarf-name (given by the Dwarves: the same is probably the
case in the Moria region) such as Narag-zâram (that NRG was Khuzdul for “black” is seen in
the Dwarf-name for Mordor: Nargûn).’
PE17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Kheled-zâram. Probably "glass-pool, lake." The Sindarin name is not given in L.R.
but was Nen Cenedril 'Lake Looking-glass'. kheled was certainly a D. word for "glass,"
and seems to be origin of S heledh 'glass'. Cf Lake Hele(d)vorn near the Dwarf-regions
in north of DOR- Caranthir: it means 'black glass', and is probably also a translation of
Dwarf-name (given by the Dwarves: the same is prob. case in the Moria-region), such
as Narag-zâram [that NRG was Khuzdul for "black" is seen in Dwarf-name for Mordor:
Nargûn].
Narog
UT 128 NARN I HÎN HÚRIN в 1950-х
They passed over the tumbled stones, and began to climb; for Amon Rŭdh stood upon the
eastern edge of the high moorlands that rose between the vales of Sirion and Narog, and even
above the stony heath at its base its crown was reared up a thousand feet and more.
LB61 THE LAY OF THE CHILDREN POEMS EARLY ABANDONED ок. 1920-1925
Here Narog's waters
(that in tongue of the Gnomes is ‘torrent’ named)
LB 87-88 This is the first appearance of Ivrin, source
of the Narog, and it is seen very clearly. The line (1537) giving the
meaning of Narog (Gnomish, ‘torrent’) was struck out, but this (I think)
was because my father felt that it was intrusive, not that the etymology
was rejected. In this connection it may be mentioned that in a list of Old
English equivalents of Elvish names, composed some years after the time
of the present poem and associated with Ǽlfwine's translations of Elvish
texts into his own language, occur Narog: Hlýda and Nargothrond:
Hlýdingaburg. Hlýda was the name in Old English of March (‘the noisy is the first appearance
of this stream (cf. The Silmarillion p. 122: ‘the short and foaming stream Ringwil tumbled
headlong into Narog from the High Faroth’), and the bridge over it is mentioned nowhere else.
PE17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
The river-name Narog is probably of D. origin, Narâg.
PE17-47 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
S Narog. This was in origin a Dwarvish name (of Petty-dwarves?): ? naruka > S narog.
nargothrond is Sindarized from nar(u)kuthûn.
[NN. Cf. EQS os(t) 'fortress', Nargothrond < Narog-ost-rond, rond 'a vaulted or arched
roof, or a large hall or chamber so roofed'; LB 3fi; SM 210f.; Etym. NARAK- 'tear, rend',
*naraka 'rushing, rapid, violent', N Narog, "river-name," Nar(o)gothrond 'fortress of
Narog', OS- 'round, about', Q osio 'city, town with wall round', N ost, othrond 'fortress,
citv in underground caves' = ost-rond, ROD- 'cave'. Q rondo 'cave', N rhond, rhonn;
Narog-ost-rond 'the great underground burg and halls upon the River Narog'WJ 414.]
Naruka - Narog 1957? 1964-1965??
PE17-47 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
S Narog. This was in origin a Dwarvish name (of Petty-dwarves?): ? naruka > S narog.
nargothrond is Sindarized from nar(u)kuthûn.
[NN. Cf. EQS os(t) 'fortress', Nargothrond < Narog-ost-rond, rond 'a vaulted or arched
roof, or a large hall or chamber so roofed'; LB 3fi; SM 210f.; Etym. NARAK- 'tear, rend',
*naraka 'rushing, rapid, violent', N Narog, "river-name," Nar(o)gothrond 'fortress of
Narog', OS- 'round, about', Q osio 'city, town with wall round', N ost, othrond 'fortress,
citv in underground caves' = ost-rond, ROD- 'cave'. Q rondo 'cave', N rhond, rhonn;
Narog-ost-rond 'the great underground burg and halls upon the River Narog'WJ 414.]
nar(u)kuthûn - Nargothrond 1957? 1964-1965??
PE17-47 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
S Narog. This was in origin a Dwarvish name (of Petty-dwarves?): ? naruka > S narog.
nargothrond is Sindarized from nar(u)kuthûn.
[NN. Cf. EQS os(t) 'fortress', Nargothrond < Narog-ost-rond, rond 'a vaulted or arched
roof, or a large hall or chamber so roofed'; LB 3fi; SM 210f.; Etym. NARAK- 'tear, rend',
*naraka 'rushing, rapid, violent', N Narog, "river-name," Nar(o)gothrond 'fortress of
Narog', OS- 'round, about', Q osio 'city, town with wall round', N ost, othrond 'fortress,
citv in underground caves' = ost-rond, ROD- 'cave'. Q rondo 'cave', N rhond, rhonn;
Narog-ost-rond 'the great underground burg and halls upon the River Narog'WJ 414.]
NBR «рог», корень 1957? 1964-1965??
PE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
inbar (NBR), a horn.
[Cf. TI 166, this etymology being cited in the connected footnote on p. 174, although the
base for inbar was given incorrectly as MBR.]
NRG «черный», корень 1957? 1964-1965??
RS:466 Story continued 1939
In the previous chapter the name Dimrilldale appears as a correction (p. 433, note 13), together
with the first mention of the lake in the dale, there called Glassmere; Mirrormere is named on
the map reproduced on p. 439. The Elvish name Helevorn (in the Etymologies, V.365,
translated ‘black-glass’) given to it here had appeared in the Quenta Silmarillion as the name of
the lake in Thargelion beside which dwelt Cranthir, son of Fëanor. No other Elvish name for
Mirrormere is recorded in published writing, but in the notes referred to in note 36 my father
said that the Sindarin name, not given in LR, was in fact Nen Cenedril ‘Lake Looking-glass’.
Translating Kheled-zâram as ‘probably “glass-pool’”, he noted: ‘kheled was certainly a Dwarf
word for “glass”, and seems to be the origin of Sindarin heleð “glass”. Cf. Lake Hele(ð)vorn
near the Dwarf-regions in the north of Dor Caranthir [Thargelion]: it means “black glass”, and
is probably also a translation of a Dwarf-name (given by the Dwarves: the same is probably the
case in the Moria region) such as Narag-zâram (that NRG was Khuzdul for “black” is seen in
the Dwarf-name for Mordor: Nargûn).’
PE17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Kheled-zâram. Probably "glass-pool, lake." The Sindarin name is not given in L.R.
but was Nen Cenedril 'Lake Looking-glass'. kheled was certainly a D. word for "glass,"
and seems to be origin of S heledh 'glass'. Cf Lake Hele(d)vorn near the Dwarf-regions
in north of DOR- Caranthir: it means 'black glass', and is probably also a translation of
Dwarf-name (given by the Dwarves: the same is prob. case in the Moria-region), such
as Narag-zâram [that NRG was Khuzdul for "black" is seen in Dwarf-name for Mordor:
Nargûn].
Nulukkhizdîn - Nargothrond, 1951
WJ 180 Later Quenta Silmarillion 1951
In this text the following is said of Mîm the Petty-dwarf:
Mîm gets a certain curious liking for Turin, increased when he
learns that Turin has had trouble with Elves, whom he detests. He
says Elves have caused the end of his race, and taken all their
mansions, especially Nargothrond (Nulukhizidûn).
Above this Dwarvish name my father wrote Nulukkhizdīn (this
name was used, misspelt, in The Silmarillion, p. 230).
Nulukhizidûn - Nargothrond ; 1951
WJ 180 Later Quenta Silmarillion 1951
In this text the following is said of Mîm the Petty-dwarf:
Mîm gets a certain curious liking for Turin, increased when he
learns that Turin has had trouble with Elves, whom he detests. He
says Elves have caused the end of his race, and taken all their
mansions, especially Nargothrond (Nulukhizidûn).
Above this Dwarvish name my father wrote Nulukkhizdīn (this
name was used, misspelt, in The Silmarillion, p. 230).
Nulukkizdîn Nargothrond 1951
Silm ch. 22, p.284 Then the Dwarf answered: ‘I am Mîm; and before the proud ones came
from over the Sea, Dwarves delved the halls of Nulukkizdîn. I have but returned to take what is
mine; for I am the last of my people.’
Wj180 Later Quenta Silmarillion 1951
Above this Dwarvish name my father wrote Nulukkhizdīn (this
name was used, misspelt, in The Silmarillion, p. 230).
Rakhâs «орки» 1959 – 1960
WJ391 Quendi & Eldar 1959 - 1960
Nonetheless the Dwarvish name for Orcs, Rukhs, pl. Rakhäs, seems to show affinity to the
Elvish names, and was possibly ultimately derived from Avarin.
Rukhs «орк». 1959 – 1960
WJ391 Quendi & Eldar 1959 – 1960
Nonetheless the Dwarvish name for Orcs, Rukhs, pl. Rakhäs, seems to show affinity to the
Elvish names, and was possibly ultimately derived from Avarin.
S-L-N, «падать, быстро спускаться» 1968
VT 48-24 ”Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals and Related Writings”, Variation D/L in
Common Eldarin
The Ered Luin were the remains of the mountain range that formed the eastern boundary of
Beleriand (usually called by the Eldar Ered Lindon), difficult to cross. But the Dwarves had
built10 some great Mansions in those mountains (commanding the only passes), which had
certainly been founded long, even in Elvish time, before the coming of the exiled Noldor,
probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand. Khuzdûl, the tongue of
the Dwarves, did not, howcvcr, tolerate two initial consonants. But a name such as sulun and
salon would fit the Dwarvish word formation from the hase SLN 'fail, descend swiftly'. 'The
upper course of'thc Lune was very steep and swift, and no doubt had been so in older days.
VT 48--28 The problem of Lhûn 1968?
In Tolkien's aliernative proposal that Lhûn is "probably an alteration of a Dwarvish name", the
Khuzdul base SLN 'fall, descend swiftly and its derivatives sulûn or salôn appear to be ad hoc
inventions — I have found no evidence of such a Dwarvish base or forms elsewhere in Tolkien
s writings, published or unpublished,
Thе reinterpretation or Lhun as a Dwarvish rather than elvish form is similar 10 what happened
to Felagund, surname of Finrod. Felagund, like Lhun, was first imagined as a Noldorin name;
in ihe Quenta Silimirillhm of 1937 38 it is glossed 'Lord of Caves' (V:n6, 223), with the
constituent elements appearing in the Etymologies is N.fela cave and N. cunn 'prince (V381,
366; Vl^-i). Over twenty years later, in notes dated December 1959, Felagund is said to derive
instead from Dwarvish felakgundu felaggundu 'cave-hewer'"a compound of felak 'a tool like a
broad-bladed chisel, or small axe-head without haft, for cutting stone; to use this tool' and
gundu 'underground hall', referring to "Finrods skill in lighter stone-carving" (XII:3si-52).
Salôn ? 1968
VT 48-24 ”Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals and Related Writings”, Variation D/L in
Common Eldarin
The Ered Luin were the remains of the mountain range that formed the eastern boundary of
Beleriand (usually called by the Eldar Ered Lindon), difficult to cross. But the Dwarves had
built10 some great Mansions in those mountains (commanding the only passes), which had
certainly been founded long, even in Elvish time, before the coming of the exiled Noldor,
probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand. Khuzdûl, the tongue of
the Dwarves, did not, howcvcr, tolerate two initial consonants. But a name such as sulun and
salon would fit the Dwarvish word formation from the hase SLN 'fail, descend swiftly'. 'The
upper course of'thc Lune was very steep and swift, and no doubt had been so in older days.
VT 48--28 The problem of Lhûn 1968?
In Tolkien's alternative proposal that Lhûn is "probably an alteration of a Dwarvish name", the
Khuzdul base SLN 'fall, descend swiftly and its derivatives sulûn or salôn appear to be ad hoc
inventions — I have found no evidence of such a Dwarvish base or forms elsewhere in Tolkien
s writings, published or unpublished,
Thе reinterpretation or Lhun as a Dwarvish rather than elvish form is similar 10 what happened
to Felagund, surname of Finrod. Felagund, like Lhun, was first imagined as a Noldorin name;
in ihe Quenta Silimirillhm of 1937 38 it is glossed 'Lord of Caves' (V:n6, 223), with the
constituent elements appearing in the Etymologies is N.fela cave and N. cunn 'prince (V381,
366; Vl^-i). Over twenty years later, in notes dated December 1959, Felagund is said to derive
instead from Dwarvish felakgundu felaggundu 'cave-hewer'"a compound of felak 'a tool like a
broad-bladed chisel, or small axe-head without haft, for cutting stone; to use this tool' and
gundu 'underground hall', referring to "Finrods skill in lighter stone-carving" (XII:3si-52).
Sharbhund `Bald Hill?', «Лысый Холм» в 1950е
UT128 Narn I hin Hurin в 1950е
‘There is my home!’ he said. ‘You have often seen it, I guess, for it is tall. Sharbhund we called
it, before the Elves changed all the names.’ Then they saw that he was pointing to Amon Rŭdh,
the Bald Hill, whose bare head watched over many leagues of the wild.
Sharkûn - Gandalf; 1944
WR153 The Ring goes East 1944
[Added: Mithrandir among the Elves. Sharkun to the Dwarves.] [The name of my youth in the
West is forgotten >] [Olórion >] Olórin I was in my youth that is forgotten; [struck out: Shorab
or Shorob in the East,] [Forlong >] Fornold in the South, Gandalf in the North. To the East I go
not. [Struck out: Not everywhere]
The passage was then written out again in the draft, in the same form as it has in TT, but with
the names Sharkûn and Fornold, this latter being subsequently changed to Incânus. In the
manuscript Sharkûn (for later Tharkûn) remains. — Here the name Olórin first appears,
changed from Olórion. On Gandalf's names ‘in the South', Forlong changed to Fornold, I can
cast no light; I do not know whether it is relevant that in Appendix F to LR the name of
Forlong, Lord of Lossarnach (who died in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields), is said to be
among the names in Gondor that ‘were of forgotten origin, and descended doubtless from days
before the ships of the Númenoreans sailed the Sea.’
Lotr VI 362 1955 It was probably Orkish in origin: sharkû, ‘old man’
Lotr App. F p.520 1955 Probably 1948 and 1950 – 1955
Sharku in that tongue means old man.
SD 106 THE END OF THE THIRD AGE конец 1946–1948
The footnote to the text in RK p. 298 ‘It was probably Orkish in origin: Sharkŭ [Second Edition
Sharkŭ], “old man” ’ was not added until the book was in page proof.
Shathûr «облако, облака, облачный» 1939 – 1942
Lotr I 370 1954 There is the land where our fathers worked of old, and we have wrought the
image of those mountains into many works of metal and of stone, and into many songs and
tales. They stand tall in our dreams: Baraz, Zirak, Shathûr.
TI 174 Ring goes south конец 1939 – 1942
The names of the other Mountains of Moria were not devised at once, however, since though
entered on the manuscript they are still absent from the typescript, where my father inserted
them in the same form. As first devised, the names of the other peaks were Silverhorn,
Celebras (Kelebras) the White (in FR Silvertine, Celebdil), and the Horn of Cloud, Fanuiras
the Grey (in FR Cloudyhead, Fanuidhol); the Dwarvish names were as in FR, Baraz, Zirak,
Shathûr (but Zirak was momentarily Zirik). In the later notes referred to in note 18 my father
said that since Shathûr was the basic Dwarvish name the element probably refers to ‘cloud’,
and was probably a plural ‘clouds'; Bund(u) in the fuller name Bundu-shathûr ‘must therefore
mean “head” or something similar. Possibly bund ( B N D) — u — Shathûr “head in/of
clouds”.’ On Zirak and the longer form Zirakzigil see note 22.
TE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Baraz = D Baraz-inbar, red horn
S Caradhras = "Redhorn.*'
D Zirak = D Zirak-zigil, tine of silver
S Celebdil = 'Silvertine.*'
D Shathûr = D Bundu-shathur, head of cloud shadow=S Fanuidhol = "Cloudyhead.'
The basic dwarf-names were thus Ruddy, Silver-grey, Cloudy, represented in Sindarin by
Caran-, Celeb-, Fanui. [Cf.Tl 174, where this etymology of Bundu-shathûr is cited.]
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Bundu-shathur. Since the basic D. name is Shathûr this element probably refers to cloud: it
is prob. a plural — 'clouds'. Bund(u) must therefore mean 'head" or something similar.
Possibly bund (BND) -u-shathûr "head in/of clouds".
Artist & Illustrator late 1940
The small aerial view [158], for example, shows the Mountains of Moria, northwest of Lothlorien, sketched in pencil and green, blue, and brown coloured pencil. Here the peaks are
identified as Kelebras (with the Dwarvish name Zirak bracketed), Caradhras (Barazinbar) with
a height of 17,500 feet, and Fanuiras (Shathur). Also indicated are Moria itself, and the Dimrill
Dale across the range, within which the River Blackroot (later named Silverlode) flows down
from the Mirrormere.
Khazad-dum, the Dwarrowdelf, that is now called the Black Pit, Moria in the Elvish tongue.
Yonder stands Barazinbar, the Redhorn, cruel Caradhras; and beyond him are Silvertine and
Cloudyhead: Celebdil the White, and Fanuidhol the Grey, that we call Zirakzigil and
Bundushathur. 'There the Misty Mountains divide, and between their arms lies the deepshadowed valley which we cannot forget:
Azanulbizar, the Dimrill Dale, which the Elves call Nan-duhirion.'
The names written on the sketch date it to about late 1940, contemporary with the manuscript
in which two of the three mountains were first named,25 and before the amendments to the
typescript that followed soon after, in which Kelebras was renamed Kelebdil and Fanuiras was
altered to Fanuidhol.
Sigin-tarag `Longbeards' «Долгобороды» 1969
PM321 Of dwarves & Men 1969
The references (in Appendix A [beginning of III, Durin's Folk]) to the legends of the origin of
the Dwarves of the kin known as Longbeards (Khuzdûl Sigin-tarâg, translated by Quenya
Anda-fangar, Sindarin Anfangrim) and their renowned later ‘mansions' in Khazad-dûm (Moria)
are too brief to make the linguistic situation clear.
Sulûn1968
VT 48-24 ”Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals and Related Writings”, Variation D/L in
Common Eldarin
The Ered Luin were the remains of the mountain range that formed the eastern boundary of
Beleriand (usually called by the Eldar Ered Lindon), difficult to cross. But the Dwarves had
built10 some great Mansions in those mountains (commanding the only passes), which had
certainly been founded long, even in Elvish time, before the coming of the exiled Noldor,
probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand. Khuzdûl, the tongue of
the Dwarves, did not, howcvcr, tolerate two initial consonants. But a name such as sulun and
salon would fit the Dwarvish word formation from the hase SLN 'fail, descend swiftly'. 'The
upper course of'thc Lune was very steep and swift, and no doubt had been so in older days.
VT 48--28 The problem of Lhûn 1968?
In Tolkien's aliernative proposal that Lhûn is "probably an alteration of a Dwarvish name", the
Khuzdul base SLN 'fall, descend swiftly and its derivatives sulûn or salôn appear to be ad hoc
inventions — I have found no evidence of such a Dwarvish base or forms elsewhere in Tolkien
s writings, published or unpublished,
Thе reinterpretation or Lhun as a Dwarvish rather than elvish form is similar 10 what happened
to Felagund, surname of Finrod. Felagund, like Lhun, was first imagined as a Noldorin name;
in ihe Quenta Silimirillhm of 1937 38 it is glossed 'Lord of Caves' (V:n6, 223), with the
constituent elements appearing in the Etymologies is N.fela cave and N. cunn 'prince (V381,
366; Vl^-i). Over twenty years later, in notes dated December 1959, Felagund is said to derive
instead from Dwarvish felakgundu felaggundu 'cave-hewer'"a compound of felak 'a tool like a
broad-bladed chisel, or small axe-head without haft, for cutting stone; to use this tool' and
gundu 'underground hall', referring to "Finrods skill in lighter stone-carving" (XII:3si-52).
Telchar ? 1920-1925
LB 115 THE LAY OF THE CHILDREN OF HÚRIN 1920-1925
”Tis Telchar's work of worth untold,
its wearer warded from wound or magic,
from glaive guarded or gleaming axe.
SM 143 Quenta 1930
It was Telchar's work, the great smithy of Belegost, but it would not have availed Húrin on that
field, for by the command of Morgoth he was taken alive, grasped by the hideous arms of the
uncounted Orcs, till he was buried beneath them.
WJ 12 Grey annals 1950-1951
28 Therefore Thingol bethought [him] of arms, which before his folk had not needed, and these
at first the Naugrim smithied for him. For they were greatly skilled in such work, though none
among them surpassed the craftsmen of Nogrod, of whom Telchar the Smith was the greatest in
renown.
WJ109
§28 Telchar of Nogrod is not named here in GA 1. He goes back a long way in the history,
appearing first in the second version of the Lay of the Children of Húrin (III.115), and in Q
(IV.118) - where he is of Belegost, not Nogrod.
UT 98 Narn I chin Hurin в 1950-х
The Helm of Hador was given into Thingol's hands. That helm was made of grey steel
adorned with gold, and on it were graven runes of victory. A power was in it that guarded any
who wore it from wound or death, for the sword that hewed it was broken, and the dart that
smote it sprang aside. It was wrought by Telchar, the smith of Nogrod, whose works were
renowned. It had a visor (after the manner of those that the Dwarves used in their forges for
the shielding of their eyes), and the face of one that wore it struck fear into the hearts of all
beholders, but was itself guarded from dart and fire. Upon its crest was set in defiance a
gilded image of the head of Glaurung the dragon; for it had been made soon after he first
issued from the gates of Morgoth. Often Hador, and Galdor after him, had borne it in war; and
the hearts of the host of Hithlum were uplifted when they saw it towering high amid the
battle, and they cried: ‘Of more worth is the Dragon of Dor-lŏmin than the gold-worm of
Angband!’
But in truth this helm had not been made for Men, but for Azaghăl Lord of Belegost, he who
was slain by Glaurung in the Year of Lamentation.4 It was given by Azaghăl to Maedhros, as
guerdon for the saving of his life and treasure, when Azaghăl was waylaid by Orcs upon the
Dwarf-road in East Beleriand.5 Maedhros afterwards sent it as a gift to Fin-gon, with whom
he often exchanged tokens of friendship, remembering how Fingon had driven Glaurung back
to Angband. But in all Hithlum no head and shoulders were found stout enough to bear the
dwarf-helm with ease, save those of Hador and his son Galdor.
UT99 Now Thingol had in Menegroth deep armouries filled with great wealth of weapons:
metal wrought like fishes' mail and shining like water in the moon; swords and axes, shields
and helms, wrought by Telchar himself or by his master Gamil Zirak the old, or by elvenwrights more skilful still.
LR303 Quenta silmarillion конец 1930-х, последние исправления – дек. 1937–янв. 1938
The name Angrist of the knife is found in B, but it is not there ascribed to Telchar; this is first
found in QS (The Silmarillion p. 177), where also Telchar becomes a Dwarf of Nogrod, not of
Belegost as in Q (named as the maker of the Dragon-helm, IV. 118).
LR319This helm was wrought by Telchar the dwarf-smith of Belegost, whose works were
renowned. But Húrin wore it not, in reverence of his father, lest it should suffer hurt or be
lost, so greatly did he treasure the heirloom of Gumlin.
32 Now Thingol had in Menegroth deep armouries filled with great wealth of weapons; metal
wrought like fishes' mail and shining like water in the moon; swords and axes, shields and
helms, wrought by Telchar himself or by his master Zirak the old, or by elven-wrights more
skilful still.
LR322 §31 It is curious that whereas in the tale of Beren and Lúthien in QS Telchar is of
Nogrod (p. 303), he now becomes a smith of Belegost, as he had been in Q (IV. 118). –
§32 Here first appear Telchar's master Zirak, and the story that Thingol possessed many
treasures that had come from Valinor (both preserved in the Narn).
S107 Therefore Thingol took thought for arms, which before his people had not needed, and
these at first the Naugrim smithied for him; for they were greatly skilled in such work, though
none among them surpassed the craftsmen of Nogrod, of whom Telchar the smith was
greatest in renown.
S215 That knife was made by Telchar of Nogrod, and hung sheathless by his side; iron it
would cleave as if it were green wood.
Tharkûn, `Staff-man' «Человек-посох» или «Серый человек» 1944-1950
SA2 : IV ch.5 p. 347 1954
Mithrandir among the Elves, Tharkûn to the Dwarves; Olórin I was in my youth in the West
that is forgotten, in the South Incánus, in the North Gandalf; to the East I go not.’
WR153 The Ring goes East 1944
[Added: Mithrandir among the Elves. Sharkun to the Dwarves.] [The name of my youth in the
West is forgotten >] [Olórion >] Olórin I was in my youth that is forgotten; [struck out: Shorab
or Shorob in the East,] [Forlong >] Fornold in the South, Gandalf in the North. To the East I go
not. [Struck out: Not everywhere]
The passage was then written out again in the draft, in the same form as it has in TT, but with
the names Sharkûn and Fornold, this latter being subsequently changed to Incânus. In the
manuscript Sharkûn (for later Tharkûn) remains. — Here the name Olórin first appears,
changed from Olórion. On Gandalf's names ‘in the South', Forlong changed to Fornold, I can
cast no light; I do not know whether it is relevant that in Appendix F to LR the name of
Forlong, Lord of Lossarnach (who died in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields), is said to be
among the names in Gondor that ‘were of forgotten origin, and descended doubtless from days
before the ships of the Númenoreans sailed the Sea.’
UT 514 Istari 1966 (Essay c 1954, the rest during the late 1960s and early 1970s)
There is a long note to elucidate the passage in The Two Towers IV 5 where Faramir at Henneth
Annŭn told that Gandalf had said: Many are my names in many countries. Mithrandir among
the Elves, Tharkŭn to the Dwarves; Olŏrin I was in my youth in the West that is forgotten,9 in
the South Incănus, in the North Gandalf; to the East I go not.
His own statement (or a version of it, and in any case not fully understood) is preserved that his
name in youth was Olŏrin in the West, but he was called Mithrandir by the Elves (Grey
Wanderer), Tharkŭn by the Dwarves (said to mean ‘Staff-man’), Incănus in the South, and
Gandalf in the North, but ‘to the East I go not’.
PE 17-88 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Tharkun, Grey-man. [Cf. Tharkûn “Staff –man”, UT 397; Sharkûn, WR 153 ]
Thorewilân Duin Daer ? 1959?
WJ 336 Wandering of Hurin в 1950-х с позднейшими исправлениями
The land east of it [the river] is Thorewilan [the a is underlined]. The Dwarvish name was also
often translated Duin Daer. The name Gabilān was by the Dwarves given only to the River
south of the Falls where (after the junction of the River with the Asgar coming from the
Mountains) it became swift and was steadily increased in volume by the inflow of five more
tributaries
The name Thargelion on the primary map was changed to Thargelian (with the a underlined:
p. 331): the latter form has appeared in emendations to the typescripts of Maeglin (p. 320).
The form Asgar appeared in the 1930s (beside Ascar), see IV.209; cf. the Etymologies, V.386,
stem SKAR: 'N[oldorin] asgar, ascar violent, rushing, impetuous’.
Thargelion The country beyond Gelion's upper waters. 121, *183, 194, 197, 201, 203, 225,
227, 236, 320, 337; Thargelian 320, *331, 337. See Thorewilan.
S148
but all the great land between Gelion and the mountains, and between Rerir and the River
Ascar, was called by the Noldor Thargelion, which signifies the Land beyond Gelion, or Dor
Caranthir, the Land of Caranthir; and it was here that the Noldor first met the Dwarves. But
Thargelion was before called by the Grey-elves Talath Rhúnen, the Bast Vale.
Tumunzahar `Hollowbold', Nogrod, «Обрывистая впадина» или «Крутая впадина»
1950 – 1951
WJ10 Grey annals 1950 - 1951
In this year the Norn-folk came first over the mountains into Beleriand. This people the Noldor
after named the Naugrim, whom some Men call Dwarves. Their most ancient dwellings were
far to the East, but they had delved for themselves great halls and mansions, after the manner of
their kind, on the east-side of Eryd Luin, north and south of Mount Dolmed, in those places
which the Eldar named Belegost and Nogrod (but they Gabilgathol and Tumunzahar). Thence
they now came forth and made themselves known to the Elves; and the Elves were amazed, for
they had deemed themselves to be the only living things in Middle-earth that spoke with words
or wrought with hands; and that all others were beasts and birds only.
WJ 108 In QS §124 the Dwarvish names of the cities in Eryd Luin were Gabilgathol (Belegost,
the Great Fortress) and Khazaddûm (Nogrod, the Dwarfmine); Tumunzahar now first appears
(also in QS revised, p. 206, §7).
WJ205-206 Later Quenta Silmarillion 1951
The chief cities of the Khuzûd [> Khazad] in the west of Middle-earth in those days were at
Khazaddûm, and at Gabilgathol and Tumunzahar, which are interpreted in the Gnomish tongue
Nornhabar the Dwarrowdelf, and Belegost Mickleburg, and Nogrod the Hollowbold. Greatest
of all the mansions of the Naugrim was Khazaddûm, that was after called in the days of its
darkness Moria, but it was far off in the Mountains of Mist beyond the wide leagues of Eriador;
whereas Belegost and Nogrod were upon the east side of Eredlindon and nigh to the lands of
the Eldar.
WJ209 The Later Quenta Silmarillion II 1951
§7 The names and places of the Dwarf-cities now achieve almost
their final form, and I recapitulate here the complex development:
QS original form, §124 (V.274)
Khazad-dûm = Nogrod = Dwarfmine (in the Blue Mountains)
Gabilgathol = Belegost = Great Fortress
QS original form emended, p. 201
Khazad-dûm = Nogrod = Dwarrowdelf, later Moria
Gabilgathol = Belegost = Great Fortress
QS revised version, §7
Tumunzahar = Nogrod = Hollowbold (in the Blue Mountains)
Gabilgathol = Belegost = Mickleburg
Khazad-dûm = Nornhabar = Dwarrowdelf, later Moria
The Dwarvish name Tumunzahar of Nogrod appears in GA §19, but this is the first occurrence
of the Elvish name Nornhabar.
WJ:389 Quendi & Eldar1959 - 1960
The chief dwellings of the Dwarves that became known to the Sindar (though few ever visited
them) were upon the east side of the Eryd Luin. They were called in the Dwarf-tongue
Gabilga-thol and Tumunzahar. The greatest of all the mansions of the Dwarves, Khazad-dûm,
beneath the Hithaeglir far to the east, was known to the Eldar only by name and rumour derived
from the western Dwarves.
These names the Sindar did not attempt to adapt, but translated according to their sense, as
Belegost ‘Mickleburg’; Novrod, later Nogrod, meaning originally ‘Hollowbold’; and
Hadhodrond ‘Dwarrowvault’.21 (Note 26, p. 414) These names the Noldor naturally used in
speaking or writing Sindarin, but for use in Quenya they translated the names anew as Túrosto,
Návarot, and Casarrondo.
LR 278 Quenta Silmarillion конец 1930х, ревизии дек 1937 - янв 1938
Khazaddûm is the first occurrence of the celebrated name. It is interesting to observe that it
existed - but as the Dwarvish name of Nogrod - already at this time. Later the Dwarvish name
of Nogrod was Tumunzahar (The Silmarillion p. 91); Gabilgathol, now first appearing,
remained as the Dwarvish name of Belegost.
Silm ch.10 p.103 Themselves they named Khazâd, but the Sindar called them Naugrim, the
Stunted People, and Gonnhirrim, Masters of Stone. Far to the east were the most ancient
dwellings of the Naugrim, but they had delved for themselves great halls and mansions, after
the manner of their kind, in the eastern side of Ered Luin; and those cities were named in their
own tongue Gabilgathol and Tumunzahar. To the north of the great height of Mount Dolmed
was Gabilgathol, which the Elves interpreted in their tongue Belegost, that is Mickleburg; and
southward was delved Tumunzahar, by the Elves named Nogrod, the Hollowbold. Greatest of
all the mansions of the Dwarves was Khazad-dûm, the Dwarrowdelf, Hadhodrond in the Elvish
tongue, that was afterwards in the days of its darkness called Moria; but it was far off in the
Mountains of Mist beyond the wide leagues of Eriador, and to the Eldar came but as a name
and a rumour from the words of the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains.
Udushinbar, an earlier name of Bundushathûr (TI:174 TI : 432) Late 1939 - 1942
TI432 The white rider конец 1939 - 1942
This form Zirakinbar, preceding Zirakzigil, is found also in an entirely isolated note:
‘Barazinbar, Zirakinbar, Udushinbar’, together with a reference to ‘Silverhorn and the Horn of
Cloud’.
ûl `streams' in Azanulbizar (RS:466) 1957? 1964-1965??
RS466 Story continued конец1939
In notes written years later (after the publication of The Lard of the Rings) my father observed
that ‘the interpretation of the Dwarf names (owing to scanty knowledge of Khuzdul) is largely
uncertain, except that, since this region [i.e. Moria and Dimrill-dale] was originally a Dwarfhome and primarily named by them, the Sindarin and Westron names are probably in origin of
similar senses.’ He interpreted (hesitantly) Azanulbizar as containing ZN ‘dark, dim’, ul
‘streams', and bizar a dale or valley, the whole thus meaning ‘Vale of Dim Streams'.
PE17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Azanul-bizar, uncertain, but probably 'ZN = dark, dim and ûl — streams? bizar, a dale
or valley.
-ul, возможно суффикс прилагательного в Khûzdul `Dwarvish', Fundinul `[son] of
Fundin' и в Mazarbul. 1958
Guide to names of LOTR 1958: [Concerning Azanulbizar, in the manuscript of Nomenclature
Tolkien comments that it is the]
'Dwarf name of Nan Duhirion, Common Speech Dimrill Dale. Sindarin nan(d) valley / dû dim,
dark - sîr stream > Duhir-ion 'region of the dim streams'. It not is here genitive, but in
apposition to nan(d) 'valley', though in English 'of is often inserted in such cases (as the City of
Rome): the valley (that is called) Duhirion.
The analysis of the dwarf Azanulbizar is uncertain. Azan was probably a plural of uzu 'dimness,
shadow' (cf. Khazad - Khuzd); -ul was a genitive ending of patronymics such as Balin Fundinul
B[alin] (son of) F[undin]; bizār was probably a plural of a stem b-z-r a small stream (running
down from a spring). 'The rills of the shadows'. The combination was used as a name of the
valley, without expression of valley. (Dwarvish d-b-n) is merely an alteration of full name
duban azanulbizar.'
PE17-47 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D FUNDINUL, son of Fundin.
D -ul is apparently an adj. or genitive ending here used as a patronymic.
D Mazarbul chamber of. √ZRB, probably "write, inscribe*': mazarb appears to mean *'written
documents, records"; — ul as above?
Mazarbul. chamber of. Ma[zarb]ul, documents, records. [Draft Cf RS 467; TI 191]
Uruktharbun `Moria' или Azanulbizâr? конец 1939
RS: 458 Story Continued конец 1939
It surpasses common silver in all save beauty, and even in that it is its equal. In their day the
dwarflords of Uruktharbun36 were more wealthy than any of the Kings of Men.’
RS: 465 Against Uruktharbun is pencilled Azanulbizâr, which in FR is the Dwarvish name of
Dimrill-dale. If Uruktharbun is Moria (and the next revision of this text has ‘the dwarflords of
Khazad-dum’), Azanulbizâr may have been intended to replace it and to have referred at first to
Moria; on the other hand, my father may perhaps have wished to name the ‘dwarflords’ as lords
in the Dimrill-dale. It may be mentioned that placed in this manuscript, though written on
different paper and presumably belonging to a later stage when Gimli had become a member of
the Company, is a sheet of primary workings for his song in Moria; and in these occur the lines:
Uzbad lord 1957? 1964-1965??
PE 17-47 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D UZBAD, lord.
Uzbadkhazaddûmu «Лорд Мории» 1939
LOTR I 416 SA1 : II ch.4 BALIN SON OF FUNDIN LORD OF MORIA.’ 1954
TI457 App. Of Runes поздние 1930е
The next (third) version of the tomb-inscription, at the end of the second version (‘The Lord of
Moria’) of the chapter, is hidden by a fourth version pasted over it; but Taum Santoski has been
able to read the underlying inscription by lighting the page from the back. With Fundin for
Burin (see VI.444) the runic writing thus recovered is almost as in version (i), with the same
use of > for s; but very curiously this same rune is used for o in both occurrences of the word
of, although V for o appears in son, lord, and Moria. In addition, the Dwarvish words Balin
Fundinul Uzbad Khazaddümu are added beneath, the rune for z being apparently X , which is s
in all the alphabets given here.
TI186 The Mines of Moria 1939-1942 (1939)
The inscription reads:
BALIN SON OF FUNDIN
LORD OF MORIA
Balin Fundinul Uzbad Khazaddūmu
Uzu (Uzn) «туманность, тень» 1958
RC269 Guide to names of LOTR 1958: [Concerning Azanulbizar, in the manuscript of
Nomenclature Tolkien comments that it is the]
'Dwarf name of Nan Duhirion, Common Speech Dimrill Dale. Sindarin nan(d) valley / dû dim,
dark - sîr stream > Duhir-ion 'region of the dim streams'. It not is here genitive, but in
apposition to nan(d) 'valley', though in English 'of is often inserted in such cases (as the City of
Rome): the valley (that is called) Duhirion.
The analysis of the dwarf Azanulbizar is uncertain. Azan was probably a plural of uzu 'dimness,
shadow' (cf. Khazad - Khuzd); -ul was a genitive ending of patronymics such as Balin Fundinul
B[alin] (son of) F[undin]; bizār was probably a plural of a stem b-z-r a small stream (running
down from a spring). 'The rills of the shadows'. The combination was used as a name of the
valley, without expression of valley. (Dwarvish d-b-n) is merely an alteration of full name
duban azanulbizar.'
ZGL, «пик» или «серебро», корень [Zigilnad], 1957? 1964-1965??
TI 174 Ring goes south конец 1939 - 1942
Still later pencilled notes reversed this explanation, suggesting that zigil (ZGL) meant ‘silver’
and zirak meant ‘spike’. — Of Kibil-nâla my father noted that ‘the meaning of nâla is not
known. If it corresponds to rant [in Celebrant] and lode [in Silverlode], it should mean “path,
course, rivercourse or bed”.’ He added later: ‘It is probable that the Dwarves actually found
silver in the river.’
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Zirak-zigil should mean "silver-spike" (cf, Silvertinc; and Celebdil < S celeb 'silver' + till
"tine, spike, point"). But "silver" is evidently KHL in Kibil-nala — it seems to have some
connexion with Q telep- 'silver', S celeb (< kelep, or kyelep). But all these peoples seem to
have possessed various words tor the precious metals, some referring to their malertal and
its properties, some to their colour and other associations. So that zigil(ZGl.) is probably
another name for "silver," or for its white-grey colour. Zirak is evidently a word for spike
(smaller and more slender than a 'horn'). Caradhras seems to have been a great mountain
tapering upwards (like Matterhorn) /Л while Celebdil was simply crowned by a smaller
pinnacle A .
["Spike of Silver" » "silver-spike"; lirak (ZRK) » zigil (ZGL); grey » white-grey; sigil»
Zirak.]
\ But in baraz-- compound has adj. element first, as khazad~, zirak—. Bundu--- has noun
followed by genitive, bundu = head, zirak = tine.
1| zigil, another word for kibil, but used metaphorically. In Kibil-nala silver had actually
been found.
[Cf. EQS celeb 'silver', til 'point, horn': Letters, no. 306. p. 392; GL celeb 'silver'; Etym.
TIL- 'pornf, horn', N tiid, till -horn'; Celebras 'Silverhom', Zirik » Zirak, Tl 174, Celebdil,
306, Zirakmbar, 431. This etymology ofZirak-zigil mid that of Kibil-nala (below) are
cited at Tl 174f.J
zigil «пик» или «серебро» Zirak-zigil `Silver-spike', конец 1939 - 1942
TI174, 175 Ring goes south конец 1939 – 1942
Zirak-zigil should mean ‘Silver-spike’ (cf. ‘Silvertine’, and Celebdil < Sindarin celeb ‘silver’ +
till ‘tine, spike, point’). But ‘silver’ is evidently KBL in Kibil-nâla — KBL seems to have some
connexion with Quenya telep- ‘silver’. But all these peoples seem to have possessed various
words for the precious metals, some referring to the material and its properties, some to their
colour and other associations. So that zirak (ZRK) is probably another name for ‘silver’, or for
its grey colour. Zigil is evidently a word for ‘spike’ (smaller and more slender than a ‘horn’).
Caradhras seems to have been a great mountain tapering upwards (like the Matterhorn), while
Celebdil was simply crowned by a smaller pinnacle.
Still later pencilled notes reversed this explanation, suggesting that zigil (ZGL) meant ‘silver’
and zirak meant ‘spike’. — Of Kibil-nâla my father noted that ‘the meaning of nâla is not
known. If it corresponds to rant [in Celebrant] and lode [in Silverlode], it should mean “path,
course, rivercourse or bed”.’ He added later: ‘It is probable that the Dwarves actually found
silver in the river.’
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Zirak-zigil should mean "silver-spike" (cf, Silvertinc; and Celebdil < S celeb 'silver' + till
"tine, spike, point"). But "silver" is evidently KBL in Kibil-nala — it seems to have some
connexion with Q telep- 'silver', S celeb (< kelep, or kyelep). But all these peoples seem to
have possessed various words tor the precious metals, some referring to their malertal and
its properties, some to their colour and other associations. So that zigil(ZGl.) is probably
another name for "silver," or for its white-grey colour. Zirak is evidently a word for spike
(smaller and more slender than a 'horn'). Caradhras seems to have been a great mountain
tapering upwards (like Matterhorn) /Л while Celebdil was simply crowned by a smaller
pinnacle A .
["Spike of Silver" » "silver-spike"; lirak (ZRK) » zigil (ZGL); grey » white-grey; sigil»
Zirak.]
\ But in haraz-- compound has adj. element first, as khazad~, zirak—. Bundu--- has noun
followed by genitive, bundu = head, zirak = tine.
1| zigil, another word for kibil, but used metaphorically. In Kibil-nala silver had actually
been found.
[Cf. EQS celeb 'silver', til 'point, horn': Letters, no. 306. p. 392; GL celeb 'silver'; Etym.
TIL- 'pornf, horn', N tiid, till -horn'; Celebras 'Silverhom', Zirik » Zirak, Tl 174, Celebdil,
306, Zirakmbar, 431. This etymology ofZirak-zigil mid that of Kibil-nala (below) are
cited at Tl 174f.J
RC 267 Guide to names of LOTR 1958(1966-1967?)
In his unfinished index Tolkien gives Zirak-zigil {sic) as the 'Dwarf-name of Celebdil', and
'Celebdil "Silvertine"' as the 'Elvish [Sindarin] name of one of the Mountains of Moria'. In his
notes on Dwarvish he says that
Zirak-zigil should mean 'Silver-spike' (cf. 'Silvertine', and Celebdil < Sindarin celeb 'silver' +
till 'tine, spike, point'). But silver is evidently KBL in Kibil-ndla - KBL seems to have some
connexion with Quenya telep- 'silver'. But all these peoples seem to have possessed various
words for the precious metals, some referring to the material and its properties, some to their
colour and other associations. So that zirak (ZRK) is probably another name for 'silver', or for
its grey colour. Zigil is evidently a word for 'spike' (smaller and more slender than a 'horn').
Caradhras seems to have been a great mountain tapering upwards (like the Matter-horn),
while Celebdil was simply crowned by a smaller pinnacle.
Christopher Tolkien reports that 'still later pencilled notes reversed this explanation,
suggesting that zigil (ZGL) meant "silver" and zirak meant "spike"' {The Treason oflsengard,
pp. 174-5).
Sigil (Zigil) ('Sigil Elu-naeth' – Necklace of the Woe of Thingol, «Ожерелье Тингола»)
«Серебро» или «мифрил»? 1959 (1938)
WJ258 The wanderings of Hurin 1959
My father's typescript, as typed, bore no title, but he wrote in ink on the top copy:
Of the Fate of Húrin and Morwen
Link to the Necklace of the Dwarves, ‘Sigil Elu-naeth’
Necklace of the Woe of Thingol
WJ 297 There are bits of information about the succeeding parts -not much - but no further
new or revised narrative; and the promise held out in his words (p. 258) ‘Link to the Necklace
of the Dwarves, Sigil Elu-naeth, Necklace of the Woe of Thingol' was never fulfilled.
LR 385 Etymologies конец 1930s, посл. ревизии c. 1938
SIK- Q sikil dagger, knife; N sigil.
Zigilnâd, Kibil-nala, the Celebrant, Silverlode, «Серебрянка». начало 1950х, ревизии в
1965
PM279 making of App.A – Durin`s folk начало 1950х, ревизии в 1965
But in this case, at any rate, the loss of the draft typescript would have done little more than
distort the textual development in some details; it would have deprived this history only of the
Dwarvish name Zigilnâd of the Silverlode (cf. Zirak-zigil ‘Silvertine’, VII. 174-5, note 22) - in
itself surprising, in view of Kibil-nâla in The Lord of the Rings (see note 1).
PM286 Since Kheled-zâram and Kibil-nâla as the Dwarvish names of
Mirrormere and Silverlode entered early in the history of the
writing of The Lord of the Rings (see VII. 167, 174), it seems clear
that the naming of Mirrormere Kibil-nâla here was a slip without
significance, and is unlikely to have any connection with the
curious appearance of the name Zigilnâd for Silverlode in the
draft typescript of Durin's Folk (p. 279).
zirak «серебро» или «пик» в Zirak-zigil `Silvertine, Silverspike'. 1957? 1964-1965??
TI174,175 Ring goes south конец 1939 – 1942
Zirak-zigil should mean ‘Silver-spike’ (cf. ‘Silvertine’, and Celebdil < Sindarin celeb ‘silver’ +
till ‘tine, spike, point’). But ‘silver’ is evidently KBL in Kibil-nâla — KBL seems to have some
connexion with Quenya telep- ‘silver’. But all these peoples seem to have possessed various
words for the precious metals, some referring to the material and its properties, some to their
colour and other associations. So that zirak (ZRK) is probably another name for ‘silver’, or for
its grey colour. Zigil is evidently a word for ‘spike’ (smaller and more slender than a ‘horn’).
Caradhras seems to have been a great mountain tapering upwards (like the Matterhorn), while
Celebdil was
simply crowned by a smaller pinnacle.
Still later pencilled notes reversed this explanation, suggesting that zigil (ZGL) meant ‘silver’
and zirak meant ‘spike’. — Of Kibil-nâla my father noted that ‘the meaning of nâla is not
known. If it corresponds to rant [in Celebrant] and lode [in Silverlode], it should mean “path,
course, rivercourse or bed”.’ He added later: ‘It is probable that the Dwarves actually found
silver in the river.’
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Zirak-zigil should mean "silver-spike" (cf, Silvertinc; and Celebdil < S celeb 'silver' + till
"tine, spike, point"). But "silver" is evidently KHL in Kibil-nala — it seems to have some
connexion with Q telep- 'silver', S celeb (< kelep, or kyelep). But all these peoples seem to
have possessed various words tor the precious metals, some referring to their malertal and
its properties, some to their colour and other associations. So that zigil(ZGl.) is probably
another name for "silver," or for its white-grey colour. Zirak is evidently a word for spike
(smaller and more slender than a 'horn'). Caradhras seems to have been a great mountain
tapering upwards (like Matterhorn) /Л while Celebdil was simply crowned by a smaller
pinnacle A .
["Spike of Silver" » "silver-spike"; zirak (ZRK) » zigil (ZGL); grey » white-grey; sigil»
Zirak.]
\ But in haraz-- compound has adj. element first, as khazad~, zirak—. Bundu--- has noun
followed by genitive, bundu = head, zirak = tine.
1| zigil, another word for kibil, but used metaphorically. In Kibil-nala silver had actually
been found.
[Cf. EQS celeb 'silver', til 'point, horn': Letters, no. 306. p. 392; GL celeb 'silver'; Etym.
TIL- 'pornf, horn', N tiid, till -horn'; Celebras 'Silverhom', Zirik » Zirak, Tl 174, Celebdil,
306, Zirakmbar, 431. This etymology ofZirak-zigil mid that of Kibil-nala (below) are
cited at Tl 174f.J
Zirak –краткое название Zirak-zigil 1940 (конец 1939 – 1942)
Lotr I 370 1954There is the land where our fathers worked of old, and we have wrought the
image of those mountains into many works of metal and of stone, and into many songs and
tales. They stand tall in our dreams: Baraz, Zirak, Shathûr.
TI 174 Ring goes south Late 1939 – 1942
The names of the other Mountains of Moria were not devised at once, however, since though
entered on the manuscript they are still absent from the typescript, where my father inserted
them in the same form. As first devised, the names of the other peaks were Silverhorn,
Celebras (Kelebras) the White (in FR Silvertine, Celebdil), and the Horn of Cloud, Fanuiras
the Grey (in FR Cloudyhead, Fanuidhol); the Dwarvish names were as in FR, Baraz, Zirak,
Shathûr (but Zirak was momentarily Zirik). In the later notes referred to in note 18 my father
said that since Shathûr was the basic Dwarvish name the element probably refers to ‘cloud’,
and was probably a plural ‘clouds'; Bund(u) in the fuller name Bundu-shathûr ‘must therefore
mean “head” or something similar. Possibly bund ( B N D) — u — Shathûr “head in/of
clouds”.’ On Zirak and the longer form Zirakzigil see note 22.
Artist&Illustrator 167 1940
The small aerial view [158], for example, shows the Mountains of Moria, northwest of Lothlorien, sketched in pencil and green, blue, and brown coloured pencil. Here the peaks are
identified as Kelebras (with the Dwarvish name Zirak bracketed), Caradhras (Barazinbar) with
a height of 17,500 feet, and Fanuiras (Shathur). Also indicated are Moria itself, and the Dimrill
Dale across the range, within which the River Blackroot (later named Silverlode) flows down
from the Mirrormere.
The names written on the sketch date it to about late 1940
PE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
The basic dwarf-names were thus Ruddy, Silver-grey, Cloudy, represented in Sindarin by
Caran-, Celeb-, Fanui. [Cf.Tl 174, where this etymology of Bundu-shathitris cited.]
Zirak the Old, Gamil Zirak. конец 1930х, посл. ревизии дек 1937 - янв 1938
LR 322 Quenta Silmarillion конец 1930х, посл. ревизии дек 1937 - янв 1938
§32 Here first appear Telchar's master Zirak, and the story that Thingol possessed many
treasures that had come from Valinor (both preserved in the Narn).
S 319 §32 Now Thingol had in Menegroth deep armouries filled with great wealth of weapons;
metal wrought like fishes' mail and shining like water in the moon; swords and axes, shields
and helms, wrought by Telchar himself or by his master Zirak the old, or by elven-wrights
more skilful still.
Zirakinbar `Silverhorn', Zirak-zigil `Silvertine', «Серебряный пик». конец 1939 – 1942
TI431 White rider конец 1939 - 1942
He tells that clutching at the Balrog's heel ‘I set my teeth in it like a hunting hound, and tasted
venom’; and that Durin's Tower was ‘carved in the living rock in the very pinnacle of red
Caradras.’ This was subsequently changed to ‘the living rock [of] Zirakinbar,6 the pinnacle of
the Silverhorn. There upon Kelebras was a lonely window in the snow...’ On these names see
pp. 174—5, notes 18,21—2.
TI432 White rider конец 1939 - 1942
This form Zirakinbar, preceding Zirakzigil, is found also in an entirely isolated note:
‘Barazinbar, Zirakinbar, Udushinbar’, together with a reference to ‘Silverhorn and the Horn of
Cloud’.
SD45 The end of third age конец 1946 - 1948
To Gwaihir Gandalf said: ‘You will not find me a burden any greater than when you bore me
from Zirakinbar where my old life burned away.’ Zirakinbar remained through all the texts of
the chapter and was only changed to Zirakzigil on the galley proof. On these names see VII.
174 and 431 with note 6.
Zirakzigil - `Silvertine', «Серебряный пик» 1955?
TI432 White rider конец 1939 – 1942
This form Zirakinbar, preceding Zirakzigil, is found also in an entirely isolated note:
‘Barazinbar, Zirakinbar, Udushinbar’, together with a reference to ‘Silverhorn and the Horn of
Cloud’.
SD45 The end of third age конец1946 - 1948
To Gwaihir Gandalf said: ‘You will not find me a burden any greater than when you bore me
from Zirakinbar where my old life burned away.’ Zirakinbar remained through all the texts of
the chapter and was only changed to Zirakzigil on the galley proof. On these names see VII.
174 and 431 with note 6.
RC 266
Baraz, Zirak, Shathur - Shortened forms of the names in the Dwarf language of the three mountains
above Khazad-dum, given in full in the following paragraph: 'Barazinbar, the Redhorn, cruel Caradhras;
and beyond him are Silvertine and Cloudyhead: Celebdil the White, and Fanuidhol the Grey, that we call
Zirakzigil and Bundushathur'.
In his unfinished index Tolkien gives Barazinbar as the 'Dwarves' name of Caradhras' and 'Caradhras
"redhorn"' as the 'Elvish [Sindarin] name of a mountain above Moria in the Hithaeglir or Misty
Mountains, often called "the cruel"'. In notes on Dwarvish made by Tolkien after the publication of
The Lord of the Rings it is said that 'Khuzdul [Dwarvish] baraz (BRZ) probably = "red or ruddy", and
inbar (MBR) a horn, Sindarin Caradhras < caran-rass being a translation of the Dwarvish name' {The
Treason oflsengard, p. 174).
In his unfinished index Tolkien gives Zirak-zigil {sic) as the 'Dwarf-name of Celebdil', and 'Celebdil
"Silvertine"' as the 'Elvish [Sindarin] name of one of the Mountains of Moria'. In his notes on Dwarvish
he says that
Zirak-zigil should mean 'Silver-spike' (cf. 'Silvertine', and Celebdil < Sindarin celeb 'silver' + till 'tine,
spike, point'). But silver is evidently KBL in Kibil-ndla - KBL seems to have some connexion with
Quenya telep- 'silver'. But all these peoples seem to have possessed various words for the precious
metals, some referring to the material and its properties, some to their colour and other associations. So
that zirak (ZRK) is probably another name for 'silver', or for its grey colour. Zigil is evidently a word for
'spike' (smaller and more slender than a 'horn'). Caradhras seems to have been a great mountain tapering
upwards (like the Matter-horn), while Celebdil was simply crowned by a smaller pinnacle.
Christopher Tolkien reports that 'still later pencilled notes reversed this explanation, suggesting that
zigil (ZGL) meant "silver" and zirak meant "spike"' {The Treason oflsengard, pp. 174-5).
In a letter to his son Michael in 1967/68, recalling his visit to Switzerland in 1911, Tolkien wrote: 'I left
the view oijungfrau with deep regret: eternal snow, etched as it seemed against eternal sunshine, and the
Silberhorn sharp against dark blue: the Silvertine {Celebdil) of my dreams' {Letters, P- 392).
In The Lord of the Rings as first published the name Zirakzigil was spelt with a hyphen, as 'Zirak-zigil',
except in one instance in The Two Towers. In the second printing (1967) of the Allen & Unwin second
edition the form was changed generally to 'Zirakzigil', except for two instances of 'Zirak-zigil' overlooked
in The Return of the King. In 2004 Christopher Tolkien determined that his father decisively preferred the
unhyphened form 'Zirakzigil', on the basis of manuscript evidence in check copies of The Fellowship of
the Ring and The Two Towers. In three copies of the former, Tolkien struck out the hyphen in 'Zirak-zigil'
and noted in the margin 'See II105', i.e. a page in The Two Towers with the form 'Zirakzigil'; and in a
copy of the latter, in the margin by 'Zirakzigil', he wrote 'stet'. Christopher commented to us:
I think this is a locus classicus for students of the textual criticism of my father's works. While it can't be
said just when he made the annotation on his copy of the 1st printing of the 1st ed. of FR [The Fellowship
of the Ring], p. 296 there is at least evidence of the clearest conceivable kind that he did not want
'Zirakzigil to be hyphened! But, in the sets of LR [ The Lord of the Rings] that he used as check-copies &
on which he made many corrections he said nothing about the two occurrences of 'Zirak-zigil' in RK [
The Return of the King]. Does this suggest that at some other and later time he changed his mind &
decided to accept the hyphened form? Of course not. It is mere common sense to say that he didn't
change them because (for whatever cause) he didn't observe them. The strong deletion of the hyphen on
three successive copies, with reason for it given (& the note 'stet' in one copy at the place where the
printed text had no hyphen), must count far more heavily than the mere retention of the hyphen without
comment much further on in the book, [private correspondence]
The hyphen was removed from the two instances of Zirak-zigil in The Return of the King in 2004.
Zirak-zigil `Silvertine', «Серебряный пик» 1955?
TI174,175 Ring goes south конец1939 – 1942
21 The names of the other Mountains of Moria were not devised at once, however, since
though entered on the manuscript they are still absent from the typescript, where my father
inserted them in the same form. As first devised, the names of the other peaks were Silverhorn,
Celebras (Kelebras) the White (in FR Silvertine, Celebdil), and the Horn of Cloud, Fanuiras
the Grey (in FR Cloudyhead, Fanuidhol); the Dwarvish names were as in FR, Baraz, Zirak,
Shathûr (but Zirak was momentarily Zirik). In the later notes referred to in note 18 my father
said that since Shathûr was the basic Dwarvish name the element probably refers to ‘cloud’,
and was probably a plural ‘clouds'; Bund(u) in the fuller name Bundu-shathûr ‘must therefore
mean “head” or something similar. Possibly bund ( B N D) — u — Shathûr “head in/of
clouds”.’ On Zirak and the longer form Zirakzigil see note 22.
22 When Silverlode superseded Blackroot, as it did before the original text of the ‘Lothlórien’
story was completed, the passage was changed to its form in FR: ’ “Dark is the water of
Kheled-zâram,” said Gimli, “and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla.” ’ The name Kheledzaram
first appears in these variant passages; see VI.466, note 39, where I cited my father's much later
note explaining the name as meaning ‘glass-pool’. In the same notes he discussed the Dwarvish
word for ‘silver’:
Zirak-zigil should mean ‘Silver-spike’ (cf. ‘Silvertine’, and Celebdil < Sindarin celeb ‘silver’ +
till ‘tine, spike, point’). But ‘silver’ is evidently KBL in Kibil-nâla — KBL seems to have some
connexion with Quenya telep- ‘silver’. But all these peoples seem to have possessed various
words for the precious metals, some referring to the material and its properties, some to their
colour and other associations. So that zirak (ZRK) is probably another name for ‘silver’, or for
its grey colour. Zigil is evidently a word for ‘spike’ (smaller and more slender than a ‘horn’).
Caradhras seems to have been a great mountain tapering upwards (like the Matterhorn), while
Celebdil was
simply crowned by a smaller pinnacle.
Still later pencilled notes reversed this explanation, suggesting that zigil (ZGL) meant ‘silver’
and zirak meant ‘spike’. — Of Kibil-nâla my father noted that ‘the meaning of nâla is not
known. If it corresponds to rant [in Celebrant] and lode [in Silverlode], it should mean “path,
course, rivercourse or bed”.’ He added later: ‘It is probable that the Dwarves actually found
silver in the river.’
TI432 White rider конец 1939 – 1942
This form Zirakinbar, preceding Zirakzigil, is found also in an entirely isolated note:
‘Barazinbar, Zirakinbar, Udushinbar’, together with a reference to ‘Silverhorn and the Horn of
Cloud’.
Lotr II (3) 129 1954‘It was made and it had not been destroyed,’ said Gandalf. ‘From the
lowest dungeon to the highest peak it climbed, ascending in unbroken spiral in many thousand
steps, until it issued at last in Durin's Tower carved in the living rock of Zirak-zigil, the
pinnacle of the Silvertine.
LOTR I (2) 369 1954 Yonder stands Barazinbar, the Redhorn, cruel Caradhras; and beyond
him are Silvertine and Cloudyhead: Celebdil the White, and Fanuidhol the Grey, that we call
Zirak-zigil and Bun-dushathûr.
LOTR III (6) 274 1955 Twice you have borne me, Gwaihir my friend,’ said Gandalf. ‘Thrice
shall pay for all, if you arc willing. You will not find me a burden much greater than when you
bore me from Zirak-zigil, where my old life burned away.’
LOTR 369 Only once before have I seen them from afar in waking life, but I know them and
their names, for under them lies Khazad-dûm, the Dwarrowdelf, that is now called the Black
Pit, Moria in the Elvish tongue. Yonder stands Barazinbar, the Redhorn, cruel Caradhras; and
beyond him are Silvertine and Cloudyhead: Celebdil the White, and Fanuidhol the Grey, that
we call Zirak-zigil and Bun-dushathûr.
LOTR app.B p.469 1955 17 The Company comes to Caras Galadhon at evening.
23 Gandalf pursues the Balrog to the peak of Zirak-zigil.
SD45 The end of third age конец1946 - 1948
To Gwaihir Gandalf said: ‘You will not find me a burden any greater than when you bore me
from Zirakinbar where my old life burned away.’ Zirakinbar remained through all the texts of
the chapter and was only changed to Zirakzigil on the galley proof. On these names see VII.
174 and 431 with note 6.
PE 17-35 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Baraz = D Baraz-inbar, red horn
S Caradhras = "Redhorn.*'
D Zirak = D Zirak-zigil, tine of silver
S Celebdil = 'Silvertine.*'
D Shathûr = D Bundu-shathur, head of cloud shadow=S Fanuidhol = "Cloudyhead.'
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957? 1964-1965??
D Zirak-zigil should mean "silver-spike" (cf, Silvertinc; and Celebdil < S celeb 'silver' + till
"tine, spike, point"). But "silver" is evidently KHL in Kibil-nala — it seems to have some
connexion with Q telep- 'silver', S celeb (< kelep, or kyelep). But all these peoples seem to
have possessed various words tor the precious metals, some referring to their malertal and
its properties, some to their colour and other associations. So that zigil(ZGl.) is probably
another name for "silver," or for its white-grey colour. Zirak is evidently a word for spike
(smaller and more slender than a 'horn'). Caradhras seems to have been a great mountain
tapering upwards (like Matterhorn) /Л while Celebdil was simply crowned by a smaller
pinnacle A .
["Spike of Silver" » "silver-spike"; zirak (ZRK) » zigil (ZGL); grey » white-grey; sigil»
Zirak.]
\ But in baraz-- compound has adj. element first, as khazad~, zirak—. Bundu--- has noun
followed by genitive, bundu = head, zirak = tine.
1| zigil, another word for kibil, but used metaphorically. In Kibil-nala silver had actually
been found.
[Cf. EQS celeb 'silver', til 'point, horn': Letters, no. 306. p. 392; GL celeb 'silver'; Etym.
TIL- 'pornf, horn', N tiid, till -horn'; Celebras 'Silverhom', Zirik » Zirak, Tl 174, Celebdil,
306, Zirakmbar, 431. This etymology ofZirak-zigil mid that of Kibil-nala (below) are
cited at Tl 174f.J
RC 266
Baraz, Zirak, Shathur - Shortened forms of the names in the Dwarf language of the three mountains
above Khazad-dum, given in full in the following paragraph: 'Barazinbar, the Redhorn, cruel Caradhras;
and beyond him are Silvertine and Cloudyhead: Celebdil the White, and Fanuidhol the Grey, that we call
Zirakzigil and Bundushathur'.
In his unfinished index Tolkien gives Barazinbar as the 'Dwarves' name of Caradhras' and 'Caradhras
"redhorn"' as the 'Elvish [Sindarin] name of a mountain above Moria in the Hithaeglir or Misty
Mountains, often called "the cruel"'. In notes on Dwarvish made by Tolkien after the publication of
The Lord of the Rings it is said that 'Khuzdul [Dwarvish] baraz (BRZ) probably = "red or ruddy", and
inbar (MBR) a horn, Sindarin Caradhras < caran-rass being a translation of the Dwarvish name' {The
Treason oflsengard, p. 174).
In his unfinished index Tolkien gives Zirak-zigil {sic) as the 'Dwarf-name of Celebdil', and 'Celebdil
"Silvertine"' as the 'Elvish [Sindarin] name of one of the Mountains of Moria'. In his notes on Dwarvish
he says that
Zirak-zigil should mean 'Silver-spike' (cf. 'Silvertine', and Celebdil < Sindarin celeb 'silver' + till 'tine,
spike, point'). But silver is evidently KBL in Kibil-ndla - KBL seems to have some connexion with
Quenya telep- 'silver'. But all these peoples seem to have possessed various words for the precious
metals, some referring to the material and its properties, some to their colour and other associations. So
that zirak (ZRK) is probably another name for 'silver', or for its grey colour. Zigil is evidently a word for
'spike' (smaller and more slender than a 'horn'). Caradhras seems to have been a great mountain tapering
upwards (like the Matter-horn), while Celebdil was simply crowned by a smaller pinnacle.
Christopher Tolkien reports that 'still later pencilled notes reversed this explanation, suggesting that
zigil (ZGL) meant "silver" and zirak meant "spike"' {The Treason oflsengard, pp. 174-5).
In a letter to his son Michael in 1967/68, recalling his visit to Switzerland in 1911, Tolkien wrote: 'I left
the view oijungfrau with deep regret: eternal snow, etched as it seemed against eternal sunshine, and the
Silberhorn sharp against dark blue: the Silvertine {Celebdil) of my dreams' {Letters, P- 392).
In The Lord of the Rings as first published the name Zirakzigil was spelt with a hyphen, as 'Zirak-zigil',
except in one instance in The Two Towers. In the second printing (1967) of the Allen & Unwin second
edition the form was changed generally to 'Zirakzigil', except for two instances of 'Zirak-zigil' overlooked
in The Return of the King. In 2004 Christopher Tolkien determined that his father decisively preferred the
unhyphened form 'Zirakzigil', on the basis of manuscript evidence in check copies of The Fellowship of
the Ring and The Two Towers. In three copies of the former, Tolkien struck out the hyphen in 'Zirak-zigil'
and noted in the margin 'See II105', i.e. a page in The Two Towers with the form 'Zirakzigil'; and in a
copy of the latter, in the margin by 'Zirakzigil', he wrote 'stet'. Christopher commented to us:
I think this is a locus classicus for students of the textual criticism of my father's works. While it can't be
said just when he made the annotation on his copy of the 1st printing of the 1st ed. of FR [The Fellowship
of the Ring], p. 296 there is at least evidence of the clearest conceivable kind that he did not want
'Zirakzigil to be hyphened! But, in the sets of LR [ The Lord of the Rings] that he used as check-copies &
on which he made many corrections he said nothing about the two occurrences of 'Zirak-zigil' in RK [
The Return of the King]. Does this suggest that at some other and later time he changed his mind &
decided to accept the hyphened form? Of course not. It is mere common sense to say that he didn't
change them because (for whatever cause) he didn't observe them. The strong deletion of the hyphen on
three successive copies, with reason for it given (& the note 'stet' in one copy at the place where the
printed text had no hyphen), must count far more heavily than the mere retention of the hyphen without
comment much further on in the book, [private correspondence]
The hyphen was removed from the two instances of Zirak-zigil in The Return of the King in 2004.
zirik – zirak «серебро» или «пик»?. конец 1939 – 1942
TI 174 Ring goes south конец 1939 – 1942
The names of the other Mountains of Moria were not devised at once, however, since though
entered on the manuscript they are still absent from the typescript, where my father inserted
them in the same form. As first devised, the names of the other peaks were Silverhorn,
Celebras (Kelebras) the White (in FR Silvertine, Celebdil), and the Horn of Cloud, Fanuiras
the Grey (in FR Cloudyhead, Fanuidhol); the Dwarvish names were as in FR, Baraz, Zirak,
Shathûr (but Zirak was momentarily Zirik). In the later notes referred to in note 18 my father
said that since Shathûr was the basic Dwarvish name the element probably refers to ‘cloud’,
and was probably a plural ‘clouds'; Bund(u) in the fuller name Bundu-shathûr ‘must therefore
mean “head” or something similar. Possibly bund ( B N D) — u — Shathûr “head in/of
clouds”.’ On Zirak and the longer form Zirakzigil see note 22.
'ZN = темнота, туман ‘dark, dim’ 1957?
PE17-37 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957?
'ZN = dark, dim
ZN “темнота, туман” ‘dark, dim’ 1939 (1955?)
RS466 ch.25 Mines of Moria (Story continued)1939
In notes written years later (after the publication of The Lard of the Rings) my father observed
that ‘the interpretation of the Dwarf names (owing to scanty knowledge of Khuzdul) is largely
uncertain, except that, since this region [i.e. Moria and Dimrill-dale] was originally a Dwarfhome and primarily named by them, the Sindarin and Westron names are probably in origin of
similar senses.’ He interpreted (hesitantly) Azanulbizar as containing ZN ‘dark, dim’, ul
‘streams', and bizar a dale or valley, the whole thus meaning ‘Vale of Dim Streams'.
ZRB, "write, inscribe" «писать» 1957?
PE 17-47 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957?
ZRB, probably "write, inscribe"
ZRK корень zirak, Zirak-zigil, «серебристый» или «пик» (TI:174). 1957?
TI174,175 Ring goes south конец1939 – 1942
21 The names of the other Mountains of Moria were not devised at once, however, since
though entered on the manuscript they are still absent from the typescript, where my father
inserted them in the same form. As first devised, the names of the other peaks were Silverhorn,
Celebras (Kelebras) the White (in FR Silvertine, Celebdil), and the Horn of Cloud, Fanuiras
the Grey (in FR Cloudyhead, Fanuidhol); the Dwarvish names were as in FR, Baraz, Zirak,
Shathûr (but Zirak was momentarily Zirik). In the later notes referred to in note 18 my father
said that since Shathûr was the basic Dwarvish name the element probably refers to ‘cloud’,
and was probably a plural ‘clouds'; Bund(u) in the fuller name Bundu-shathûr ‘must therefore
mean “head” or something similar. Possibly bund ( B N D) — u — Shathûr “head in/of
clouds”.’ On Zirak and the longer form Zirakzigil see note 22.
22 When Silverlode superseded Blackroot, as it did before the original text of the ‘Lothlórien’
story was completed, the passage was changed to its form in FR: ’ “Dark is the water of
Kheled-zâram,” said Gimli, “and cold are the springs of Kibil-nâla.” ’ The name Kheledzaram
first appears in these variant passages; see VI.466, note 39, where I cited my father's much later
note explaining the name as meaning ‘glass-pool’. In the same notes he discussed the Dwarvish
word for ‘silver’:
Zirak-zigil should mean ‘Silver-spike’ (cf. ‘Silvertine’, and Celebdil < Sindarin celeb ‘silver’ +
till ‘tine, spike, point’). But ‘silver’ is evidently KBL in Kibil-nâla — KBL seems to have some
connexion with Quenya telep- ‘silver’. But all these peoples seem to have possessed various
words for the precious metals, some referring to the material and its properties, some to their
colour and other associations. So that zirak (ZRK) is probably another name for ‘silver’, or for
its grey colour. Zigil is evidently a word for ‘spike’ (smaller and more slender than a ‘horn’).
Caradhras seems to have been a great mountain tapering upwards (like the Matterhorn), while
Celebdil was
simply crowned by a smaller pinnacle.
Still later pencilled notes reversed this explanation, suggesting that zigil (ZGL) meant ‘silver’
and zirak meant ‘spike’. — Of Kibil-nâla my father noted that ‘the meaning of nâla is not
known. If it corresponds to rant [in Celebrant] and lode [in Silverlode], it should mean “path,
course, rivercourse or bed”.’ He added later: ‘It is probable that the Dwarves actually found
silver in the river.’
PE 17-36 Words, Phrases and Passages 1957?
D Zirak-zigil should mean "silver-spike" (cf, Silvertinc; and Celebdil < S celeb 'silver' + till
"tine, spike, point"). But "silver" is evidently KHL in Kibil-nala — it seems to have some
connexion with Q telep- 'silver', S celeb (< kelep, or kyelep). But all these peoples seem to
have possessed various words tor the precious metals, some referring to their malertal and
its properties, some to their colour and other associations. So that zigil(ZGl.) is probably
another name for "silver," or for its white-grey colour. Zirak is evidently a word for spike
(smaller and more slender than a 'horn'). Caradhras seems to have been a great mountain
tapering upwards (like Matterhorn) /Л while Celebdil was simply crowned by a smaller
pinnacle A .
["Spike of Silver" » "silver-spike"; lirak (ZRK) » zigil (ZGL); grey » white-grey; sigil»
Zirak.]
\ But in haraz-- compound has adj. element first, as khazad~, zirak—. Bundu--- has noun
followed by genitive, bundu = head, zirak = tine.
1| zigil, another word for kibil, but used metaphorically. In Kibil-nala silver had actually
been found.
[Cf. EQS celeb 'silver', til 'point, horn': Letters, no. 306. p. 392; GL celeb 'silver'; Etym.
TIL- 'pornf, horn', N tiid, till -horn'; Celebras 'Silverhom', Zirik » Zirak, Tl 174, Celebdil,
306, Zirakmbar, 431. This etymology ofZirak-zigil mid that of Kibil-nala (below) are
cited at Tl 174f.J
RC 267 Guide to names of LOTR 1958(1966-1967?)
In his unfinished index Tolkien gives Zirak-zigil {sic) as the 'Dwarf-name of Celebdil', and
'Celebdil "Silvertine"' as the 'Elvish [Sindarin] name of one of the Mountains of Moria'. In his
notes on Dwarvish he says that
Zirak-zigil should mean 'Silver-spike' (cf. 'Silvertine', and Celebdil < Sindarin celeb 'silver' +
till 'tine, spike, point'). But silver is evidently KBL in Kibil-ndla - KBL seems to have some
connexion with Quenya telep- 'silver'. But all these peoples seem to have possessed various
words for the precious metals, some referring to the material and its properties, some to their
colour and other associations. So that zirak (ZRK) is probably another name for 'silver', or for
its grey colour. Zigil is evidently a word for 'spike' (smaller and more slender than a 'horn').
Caradhras seems to have been a great mountain tapering upwards (like the Matter-horn),
while Celebdil was simply crowned by a smaller pinnacle.
Christopher Tolkien reports that 'still later pencilled notes reversed this explanation,
suggesting that zigil (ZGL) meant "silver" and zirak meant "spike"' {The Treason oflsengard,
pp. 174-5).