Social Studies 11 – Key Terms, Concepts, and Information
Canadian Government System and Government Titles
Federal
Provincial / Territorial
1.
2.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
monarch / sovereign
head of state (monarch - Queen Elizabeth
II)
governor general
Chief Electoral Officer
head of government
prime minister
Prime Minister’s Office (PMO)
Privy Council’s Office
House of Commons (Lower House)
Members of Parliament (MPs)
Senate (Upper House) (“somber second
thought”)
Senators
executive branch
legislative branch
judicial branch
judiciary
Supreme Court of Canada
Chief Justice
hansard
opening of parliament
dissolution of parliament
Speech from the Throne
Speaker of the House
political parties
cabinet
cabinet solidarity
cabinet ministers
portfolios / departments
vestigial (used to describe senate)
senate reform
Triple-E Senate
party whip
party solidarity
cross the floor
cooperative federalism
official opposition
balance of power
question period
backbencher
shadow cabinet
federal-provincial conference
federal grants
vote of no confidence
Types of Government that form
1.
2.
3.
majority
minority
coalition
lieutenant-governor
executive branch
legislative branch
judicial branch
territorial commissioner
provincial legislature
Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs)
Provincial Courts
Appeal Court of BC
territorial government (i.e. Nunavut)
hansard
Ombudsman / Office of Ombudsman
opening of parliament
dissolution of parliament
Speech from the Throne
Speaker of the House
political parties
cabinet
cabinet solidarity
cabinet ministers
portfolios / departments
party whip
party solidarity
cross the floor
official opposition
question period
backbencher
shadow cabinet
federal-provincial conference
Municipal / Local
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
municipal government
mayor / reeve
trustee
alderperson
town / city council
councilor
by-law
constituents
regional district
school board
Hospital Regional Authority
Aboriginal
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
Aboriginal self-government
Chief
Band Council
Assembly of First Nations
Nisga’a
Nunavut
SS 11 – Key Terms, Concepts, & Info - Carrie Schlappner
Page 1 of 10
Elections & Election Process
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Elections Canada
Elections BC
National Register of Electors
representation-by-population
constituencies
ridings
electoral districts
dissolution (of Parliament) (by GG)
enumeration
nomination
campaigning
balloting
tabulation
federal rules / provincial rules
voter eligibility
candidacy
Chief Electoral Officer
writ of election
“dropping the writ”
returning officer
Deputy Returning Officer
ballot
preferential ballot
recall
Elections Act
secret ballot
gerrymandering
poll clerk
judicial recount
federal franchise
provincial franchise
scrutineer
limits on election spending
no fixed election date – but federal
elections must be held every 5 years
Senate Reform
3-R Senate
referendum / plebiscite
by-election
appointed vs. elected
Political Ideologies / Spectrum /
Concepts / Parties
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
right-wing
left-wing
authoritarian/ism
democratic
communism
liberalism
socialism
conservatism
libertarian
fascism
dictatorship / military dictatorship
Totalitarian/ism
Autocracy
theocracy
Liberal party
Conservative Party (Conservatives)
New Democratic Party (NDP)
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF)
Green Party
Reform Party
Canadian Alliance Party
Bloc Québécois
absolute monarchy
divine right
means of production
anarchy
decree
Social Credit (Alberta) (money policy)
Union Nationale
Parti Québécois
Progressive Party
Progressive Conservative Party
how political party leaders are chosen
party convention
formation / dissolution of political parties
examples of modern dictatorships – Lybia, Iraq
public vs. private ownership
capitalism
social policies
Electoral Systems
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Single Member Plurality System
First-Past-the-Post System
proportional representation
majority
plurality
Simple Plurality System
elections officer
Chief Electoral Officer
popular vote
Single-Transferable-Vote (STV)
SS 11 – Key Terms, Concepts, & Info - Carrie Schlappner
Page 2 of 10
Canadian Constitution / Issues
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
constitutional monarchy
bicameral legislature (2 chambers)
British North America Act (BNA Act) (1867
– Confederation)
sovereignty-association
Federal, provincial , and shared
powers/responsibilities
residual powers
parliamentary democracy
written constitution
unwritten constitution
repatriating the constitution
amending formula
notwithstanding clause
reasonable limits
English Bill of Rights -1689
Royal Proclamation of 1763
Quebec Act – 1774
Act of Union – 1840
Manitoba Act – 1870
Supreme Court decisions since 1875
Statute of Westminster – 1931
Alberta & Saskatchewan Act – 1905
1980 Québec Referendum
Canada Act – 1982
Constitution Act – 1982 (“kitchen
compromise”)
Charter of Rights and Freedoms 1982
Meech Lake Accord (1987)
Charlottetown Accord (1992)
1995 Québec Referendum
aboriginal title
Terms Related to Passage of a Bill
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
bill
law
act
statute
government bill
passage of a bill
Private Member’s Bill
cabinet solidarity
party solidarity
first reading
second reading
third Reading
committee stage
royal assent (GG)
free vote
Order in Council
Governor in Council (GG)
regulation
money bill (cannot be introduced by Senate)
Economic Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
private vs. public ownership
capitalism
government subsidy
Keynesian economics
trickle-down theory
invisible hand
flat tax
progressive vs. regressive taxation
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
1.
2.
3.
4.
4a.
4b.
4c.
4d.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
notwithstanding clause
mobility rights
does not include property rights
fundamental freedoms
freedom of religion
freedom of expression
freedom of peaceful assembly
freedom of association
due process
legal rights (“life, liberty, and security”)
section 1: “reasonable limits”
democratic rights
Constitutional supremacy
habeas corpus
application of the Charter
equality rights
Charter Challenge
aboriginal title
amending formula
Influencing Government / Policies
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
civil disobedience
lobbying
boycotting
passive resistance
petition
letters-to-the-editor
protest demonstration
public inquiry
direct action
community service
advocacy
voting
running for political office
joining a political party
litigation / court action
election campaigning
pressure groups
advertising campaigns
mass mailings
letters /e-mails/phone calls to gov. officials
special interest groups
SS 11 – Schlappy’s Key Terms, Concepts, & Info
Page 3 of 10
Canadian Identity
re: Independence from Britain
1.
2.
Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions of 1837-38
Responsible government (1848)
3.
British North America Act (BNA ACT) /
Confederation (1867)
Department of External Affairs established
(1909)
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
WWI – proved selves (1914-1919)
Vimy Ridge (1917)
Paris Peace Conference & Treaty of Versailles
(independent signatory) (1919)
League of Nations (own seat) (1919)
Chanak Crisis (1922)
Halibut Treaty (1923)
Imperial Conference (London – Commonwealth
created)) / Balfour Declaration / Report
(1926)
King-Byng Crisis (1926)
Statute of Westminster (1931)
CBC (1936)
National Film Board (1939)
WWII (declared war independent of Britain)
(1939-1945)
important WWII battles – Dieppe, Italy
(Ortona), D-Day, Normandy
18. Bretton Woods Conference ( 1944) - Canadian
delegation took part independent of Britain established the International Monetary Fund and
the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
19. United Nations (1945) – independent seat
Human Rights
1.
1a.
1b.
1c.
1d.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
United Nations (UN)
Security Council
General Assembly
Economic and Social Council
International Court of Justice (Louise
Arbor)
UN Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
John Humphreys
Eleanor Roosevelt
UN Convention /Declaration of the Rights of
the Child (1989)
discrimination
stereotyping
prohibited grounds
bona fide occupational requirement
differential treatment
individual assessment
BC Human Rights Commission / Code
liberté, egalité, et fraternité
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen
American Declaration of Independence
American Bill of Rights
Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms
(1982)
Human Rights Legislation
“crimes against humanity”
Genocide
human rights abuses – i.e. Holocaust,
Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia, Kosovo, South
Africa, Afghanistan, USA, Canada (history)
20. Supreme Court of Canada becomes highest
court in Canada (1949)
21. Canada – member of NATO (North Atlantic
Treaty Organization) (1949)
22. Suez Crisis (peacekeeping mission – Pearson)
(1956)
23. Canadian Flag (1965)
24. Canada Act / Charter of Rights & Freedoms –
repatriation of Constitution (1982)
SS 11 – Schlappy’s Key Terms, Concepts, & Info
Page 4 of 10
Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Amnesty International
Red Cross
Corporate Watch
Oxfam
Greenpeace
Doctors Without Borders
World Vision
Save the Children Fund
Free the Children
UNICEF
MADD
World Wildlife Fund
Council of Canadians
David Suzuki Foundation
United Nations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
United Nations (UN)
United Nations Charter
General Assembly
Security Council
Economic and Social Council
International Labour Organization (ILO)
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Bank (WB)
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
Convention on the Rights of the Child
International Court of Justice
International Criminal Tribunal (1993)
International Criminal Court (1998)
Human Development Index (HDI)
Economic
Organizations/Agreements/Issues
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
World Bank (WB)
International Money Fund (IMF )
World Trade Organization (WTO)
North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA) (1994)
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
(1997 protest)
Free Trade Agreement (FTA) (1989)
Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD)
Group of 8 (G8)
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT)
Organization of American States (OAS)
unions
collective bargaining
working conditions
fair wages
benefits
pensions
job security
child labour
good faith bargaining
dispute resolution
arbitration
collective agreement
strike
essential service
lock out
human rights
environmental harm
European Union
International Environmental
Agreements / Issues
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Montreal Protocol – 1989 (Ozone)
Earth Summit – 1992 – Rio De Janeiro
Kyoto Accord/ Protocol -1997 (Global Warming)
biodiversity
biotechnology
hazardous waste
global warming / greenhouse effect
sustainable development / renewable resources
softwood lumber dispute
ozone layer depletion
SS 11 – Schlappy’s Key Terms, Concepts, & Info
Page 5 of 10
International Organizations / Agreements
1.
1a.
1b.
1c.
1d.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
United Nations
Security Council
General Assembly
Economic and Social Council
International Court of Justice (the Hague)
World Bank (WB)
International Money Fund (IMF)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO)
Group of 8 (G8)
North American Aerospace Defense Command
(NORAD)
Kyoto Protocol / Accord
Montreal Protocol / Accord
Softwood Lumber Agreement / dispute
le Francophonie
Commonwealth
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Organization for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD)
Organization of American States (OAS)
International Land Mines Treaty
Foreign Aid
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
foreign aid
bilateral aid
multilateral aid
tied aid
Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) –
est. 1968
Human Security Program – est. 1996
Colombo Plan (1950)
NGOs
WB & IMF
UN & its agencies – i.e. UNICEF, WHO, etc.
Department of Foreign Affairs
History of Canadian Identity / Rights
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Manitoba Act (1870)
Indian Act (1876)
residential schools (1874-1996)
anti-potlatch legislation (1884)
Chinese Immigration Act – 1885 (Head Tax) and
Exclusion Act (1923)
Komagata Maru incident (1914)
Separate but equal (Nova Scotia) (1918-1954)
women’s suffrage (right to vote in federal
elections) (1918)
The Persons Case (1929)
War Measures Act (WWI, WWII, October
Crisis)
SS St Louis (1939)
Japanese internment (WWII – 1942-1946)
Canadian Bill of Rights (1960)
Aboriginal suffrage (right to vote in federal
elections) (1960)
Quiet Revolution (Québéc) 1960s
The Immigration Act (1967)
Bilingualism and Bicultural Commission - Official
Languages Act (1969)
October Crisis (1970)
front de liberation du Québéc (FLQ)
Multiculturalism policy (1971) – cultural mosaic
Bill 101 (Québéc) (1977)
Québec separatist referendum – “sovereigntyassociation” (1980)
Multiculturalism Act (1988)
Bilingualism - Quebec – canadiens – separatist
movement
Meech Lake Accord (1987)
distinct society clause
Charlottetown Accord (1992)
Québec’s 2nd Separatist Referendum (1995)
Nisga’a Treaty (1999)
aboriginal title
regionalism – / regional alienation - issue of
cultural and political division in Canada
statement of reconciliation
restitution
political representation by women
SS 11 – Schlappy’s Key Terms, Concepts, & Info
Page 6 of 10
Involvement in International Conflicts
/ Peacekeeping Missions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Boer War (1899-1902)
World War One (WWI) (1914-1919)
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
World War Two (WWII) (1939-1945)
Israel (1948)
Korean War (1950-1953)
Suez Crisis (1956)
Vietnam War (1965-1972)
Congo (1960-64)
Cyprus (1964)
Cambodia (1970s)
Bosnia (1992-present)
Haiti (1990-1991)
Gulf War – 1991
Somalia (1993)
Rwanda (1994)
Kosovo (1999-present)
East Timor (1999-2001)
Afghanistan (1988-90; 2001-present)
Iraq Occupation – (2003 – present)
Lester B. Pearson (Nobel Peace Prize – 1957)
Department of Foreign Affairs / Foreign Affairs
Canada
Social Safety Net
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
welfare
universal health care
two-tiered health care
national child care program
low income cut-off
Liberal Party & Social Safety Net
Great Depression
Income Tax (1917)
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) (1932) & Regina Manifesto (1933)
Bennett’s “New Deal” (1934-35)
Alberta Social Credit Party – prosperity certificates / money system (1936)
Employment Insurance (EI) (first called Unemployment Insurance (UI) -1940)
Family Allowance Benefit (1944)
Saskatchewan Medicare Act (1944)
Old Age Pension (OAP) (1951)
Canadian Pension Plan (CPP) (1965)
Medical Care Act (1966)
Medical Services Plan of BC (MSP) (1960s)
19. Canada Health Act (1984)
20. Child Tax Benefit (1993)
SS 11 – Schlappy’s Key Terms, Concepts, & Info
Page 7 of 10
World History Events & Concepts
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
Boer War (1899-1902)
World War One (WWI) (1914-1919)
Vimy Ridge (1917) – Canadian Identity
War Measures Act
reparation payments
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
suffrage (the right to vote)
women’s right to vote in federal elections
(1918)
Russian Revolution (1917)
Winnipeg General Strike (1919)
Old Age Pension Act (1927)
Chanak Affair (1922)
King-Byng Crisis (1926)
Balfour Report (1926)
prohibition (1920s)
urbanization
economic boom
Persons Case (1929)
Agnes MacPhail
Emily Murphy
“roaring ‘20s”
Stock market /crash
Great Depression (1929-39)
anti-Semitism
On-to-Ottawa Trek (1935)
unemployment
New Deal (American - Roosevelt)
welfare state
Regina Manifesto (1932)
J.S. Woodsworth (CCF)
William Aberhart (Social Credit Party)
Maurice Duplessis
“Little New Deal”
Canadian Broadcast Corporation (CBC)
Benito Mussolini
Adolf Hitler
German National Socialist Party – Nazi
Party
“master race” / Aryans
Kristallnacht / Crystal Night
Nuremburg Laws
concentration camps
Holocaust
“Final Solution”
Dr. Norman Bethune
appeasement
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
World War Two (WWII) (1939-1945)
Prime Minister of Britain – Winston
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
Churchill
Pearl Harbour (1941)
reasons for Canadian participation in wars
T.C. “Tommy” Douglas
Japanese internment camps
Nuremburg Trials
UN Convention on Genocide (1948)
“crimes against humanity”
Cold War (1947-1991)
Korean War (1950-1953)
Suez Crisis (1957)
Vietnam War (1965-1972)
Agent Orange
South Africa – apartheid (1948-1990)
African National Congress (ANC)
Nelson Mandela
sanctions
F.W. de Clerk
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(USSR)
weapons of mass destruction
United Nations
Lester B. Pearson
Lloyd Axworthy
October Crisis (1970)
War Measures Act (WWI, WWII,
October Crisis)
Front de libération du Québéc (FLQ)
Lester Pearson
UN Peacekeeping
Israel (1948)
Suez Crisis (1956)
Congo (1960-64)
Cyprus (1964)
Civil Rights Act (USA) (1964)
Cambodia (1970s)
Bosnia (1992-present)
Tiananmen Square Massacre (1989)
Haiti (1990-1991)
Gulf War – 1991
Somalia (1993)
Rwanda (1994)
Kosovo (1999-present)
Kosovo War – Slobodan Milosevic –
indicted 1999
East Timor (1999-2001)
Afghanistan (1988-90; 2001-present)
September 11, 2001 / Taliban
Iraq Occupation – (2003 – present)
Darur – Sudan (2003 - present)
SS 11 – Schlappy’s Key Terms, Concepts, & Info
Page 8 of 10
Political Figures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Prime Minister (PM) John A. Macdonald (Conservative) 1st PM of Canada from Confederation – 1867 –1873,
and 1878-1891.
PM Sir Robert Laird Borden (Conservative) – PM from 1911-1920 - during WWI; invoked War Measures
Act; conscription crisis 1917; introduced 1st income tax; Winnipeg General Strike 1919
PM William Lyon Mackenzie King (Liberal) – PM from 1921-30; 1935-1948 - beginning of Great Depression
1929-1930; again in 1935 – WWII; King-Byng Crisis 1925; created CBC & National Film Board; Chanak
Crisis 1922; Statue of Westminster 1931; Conscription crisis 1944; helped found UN; retired from
politics
PM Richard Bedford Bennett (Conservative) - PM from 1930-35 - relief camps, On-to-Otawa Trek, “New
Deal” during Depression
PM Louis St. Laurent (Liberal) - PM from 1948-1957 - (post-WWII – beginning of Cold War – joined NATO,
supported UN; created Canada Council for Arts; Newfoundland joined Confederation 1949; equalization
payments - 1956)
PM John Diefenbaker (Progressive Conservative) - PM from 1957- 1963. instrumental in bringing in the
Canadian Bill of Rights in 1960; granted federal franchise (vote) to aboriginal people in 1960; his refusal
to allow nuclear weapons into Canada led to several resignations from his Cabinet and the collapse of his
government in 1963.
PM L. B. Pearson (Liberal) – PM from 1963-68 - Nobel Peace Prize for role in Suez Crisis – 1957; created UN
peacekeeping force; introduced important social programs (including universal health care, the Canada
Pension Plan, and Canada Student Loans); refused to enter Vietnam War; introduce dpoint-system
immigration; retired from politics)
PM Pierre Trudeau (Liberal) - PM from 1968 to 1979, and from 1980 to 1984. when he retired. PM during
the October Crisis – invoked War Measures Act; responsible for repatriating the constitution and
entrenchment of the Charter of Rights and freedoms in 1982; espoused participatory democracy as a
means of making Canada a “Just Society”;
PM Brian Mulroney (Progressive Conservative) PM from 1984-1993 - negotiated Meech Lake Accord (1987)
and Charlottetown Accord (1992) with provincial premiers (both failed to pass); signed FTA (1989) and
negotiated NAFTA (1994) with USA and Mexico; implemented GST.
PM Kim Campbell (Progressive Conservative) PM in 1993 - ** ONLY WOMAN PM!!
PM Jean Chrétien (Liberal) – PM from 1993 to 2003, when he retired; introduced a new and far-reaching
Youth Criminal Justice Act, which replaced the old Young Offenders Act, and changed the way youths
were prosecuted for crimes in Canada; did not support the US-led 2003 invasion of Iraq but was the
first non-member of the US-led coalition to provide significant financial aid to the post-war
reconstruction effort, relative to Canada’s size; very soon after his retirement, Chrétien’s legacy was
marred by the sponsorship scandal - although implicated, no direct evidence has yet been found directly
linking him to it.
PM Paul Martin (Liberal) – PM until Jan 23/06 – PM from 2003-2006 (Jan 23); was Finance Minister under
Chrétien; stopped the sponsorship program as soon as he became PM and set up the Gomery Commission
which has uncovered the details of the scandal; though not implicated, he has been criticised for not
being aware of what was going on while Finance Minister, which led to a fall in popularity for him and the
Liberal Party.
Stephen Harper (Conservative) – NOW PRIME MINISTER as of Jan 23/06
Maurice Duplessis - founder and leader of the conservative Union Nationale party of Québec; led the
“Quiet Revolution” in Québec in the 1960’s
Rene Lesvesque - 1960s - Québec separatist – left the federal Liberal party to form the Parti Québécois in
1968; passed the Quebec Charter of the French Language (also known as “Bill 101”), whose goal was (and
still is) to make French the common language of all Quebecers at a time when the language of the English
minority dominated the economic scene; his government held the 1980 Quebec referendum on its
sovereignty-association plan.
Lucien Bouchard – first leader of the Bloc Quebecois, the federal separatist party, in 1991, after the
failure of the Meech Lake Accord.
Jacques Parizeau – leader of the Parti Quebecois during the 1995 Separatist Referendum in Quebec
J.S. Woodsworth – leader of Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) - est 1932 - 1st socialist
party in Canada – which eventually became the NDP; Regina Manifesto - 1933
SS 11 – Schlappy’s Key Terms, Concepts, & Info
Page 9 of 10
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
T.C. (Tommy) Douglas - Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) – which eventually became the
NDP.
William Aberhart- Social Credit Party of Alberta – est. 1935
Preston Manning – 1st leader of Reform Party (est. 1987) – in reaction to feelings of regionalism / that West
was Left out of federal politics - party of Western interests – eventually became Canadian Alliance
Party – conservative ideology
Stockwell Day - 1st leader of Canadian Alliance (est. 2000 – eventually merged with Progressive
Conservative Party to become the Conservative Party of Canada – 2003)
Ujjal Dosanjh – In 2000, became Premier of BC (NDP) making him Canada’s first non-white and first
Indo-Canadian provincial premier.
Key Figures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Famous Five – Beginning in 1927, Five Alberta women, Emily Murphy, Henrietta Muir Edwards, Nellie
McClung, Louise McKinney and Irene Parlby, contested, in the Supreme Court of Canada, the
interpretation of the word "persons," which at that time meant that women were not allowed to be
appointed to the Senate because they were not considered “persons” under the law. That time, they
did not succeed. But two years later (1929), the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council of Great
Britain, which was still the highest Court of Appeal for Canada, declared that the word "persons"
included men and women.
Nellie McClung - was a Canadian feminist politician, and social activist. She was a part of the social and
moral reform movements prevalent in Western Canada in the early 1900s. Her great causes were
women’s suffrage and temperance. Part of Famous Five in Persons Case.
Agnes MacPhail - was the first woman to be elected to the Canadian House of Commons, and one of the
first two women elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
Cairine Wilson had the honour of being appointed Canada’s first woman Senator. She was named to the
position by her friend Prime Minister Mackenzie King four months after a ruling in the Person’s Case
determined that Canadian women were persons and therefore eligible to sit in the Senate (Feb 15,
1930). None of the Famous Five women who initiated the case were appointed to the Senate. She
served in the Senate until her death in 1962, gaining recognition for her dedication to causes such as
supporting refugees and the League of Nations. Cairine Wilson became the first female president of
the League of Nations Society in Canada. In 1949 Senator Wilson became the first Canadian woman to
be a delegate to the UN General Assembly.
Elijah Harper - became the first Treaty Indian to be elected as a provincial politician when he contested
and won the sprawling northern Manitoba riding of Rupertsland for the NDP.
Roy Miki - Canadian poet and scholar. very active in the Japanese-Canadian community and has fought
hard for redress from the federal government for the internment of Japanese-Canadians during
WWII
Emily Murphy - was a Canadian women’s rights activist. In 1916, she became the first woman police
magistrate in Alberta, and in the British Empire.She is best known for her contributions to Canadian
feminism, specifically to the question of whether women were “persons” under Canadian law (part of
Famous Five). During her term as a judge, several defence lawyers questioned her qualification to sit in
judgment over their clients, questioning if she was even a “person” under the law.
Louise Arbour - Ontario Supreme Court and Court of Appeal Justice who was appointed chief prosecutor
of the Internaltion Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia by the UN Security
Council; now serves on Supreme Court of Canada
Beverly McLaughlin - first woman to head the Supreme Court of Canada (2000)
Lloyd Axworthy - Minister of Foreign Affairs under Jean Chrétien; His greatest success was the Ottawa
Treaty, an international treaty to ban anti-personnel land mines.
Stephen Lewis - currently serving as United Nations special envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa.
SS 11 – Schlappy’s Key Terms, Concepts, & Info
Page 10 of 10