National Standards and Labels
Country Profile: INDIA
Last Document Update: 4 December 2012
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CONTENTS
CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... 1
1
BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................... 2
2
LIGHTING PHASE-OUT ............................................................................................ 3
3
TEST METHOD AND PERFORMANCE STANDARDS ............................................. 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
4
Standard Development Process.............................................................................. 3
Test Method Standards ........................................................................................... 4
3.2.1
CFLs ............................................................................................................ 5
3.2.2
Fluorescent Lamps ....................................................................................... 5
3.2.3
Incandescent lamps ..................................................................................... 5
3.2.4
LEDs ............................................................................................................ 5
Performance Standards .......................................................................................... 6
3.3.1
Mandatory .................................................................................................... 6
3.3.2
Voluntary ...................................................................................................... 6
3.3.3
LEDs ............................................................................................................ 6
LABELS ..................................................................................................................... 7
4.1
Label development process .................................................................................... 7
Page 1 of 16
4.2
Mandatory ............................................................................................................... 7
4.2.1
Star Rating Plan for Tubular Fluorescent Lamps .......................................... 7
4.3
Voluntary ................................................................................................................ 7
4.3.1
Voluntary Label for CFLs .............................................................................. 7
4.3.2
5
Ecomark ....................................................................................................... 7
OTHER MEASURES TO STIMULATE LIGHTING EFFICIENCY ............................... 8
5.1
Awareness Raising ................................................................................................. 8
5.1.1
Energy Efficiency Label ................................................................................ 8
5.1.2
5.2
5.3
Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) ............................................................. 9
CFL Programs ........................................................................................................ 9
5.3.1
Past Activities ............................................................................................... 9
5.3.2
5.4
LEDs ............................................................................................................ 8
Ongoing Activities....................................................................................... 11
LED Activities........................................................................................................ 11
5.4.1
Bureau of Energy Efficiency Activities ........................................................ 11
5.4.2
BSES Activities .......................................................................................... 12
5.4.3
Coordinated Government activities under The Economic Case to Stimulate
LED Lighting in India recommendations................................................................... 12
5.4.4
Elcoma LED Lighting Chapter .................................................................... 12
8.
ENFORCEMENT OF REGULATIONS ..................................................................... 12
9.
TESTING CAPACITY .............................................................................................. 13
10.
SUSTAINABILITY/END-OF-LIFE TREATMENT INITIATIVES ................................. 13
11.
SUPPLY CHAIN ...................................................................................................... 15
12.
COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER USAGE ............................................................. 16
1 BACKGROUND
The Government of India’s Standards and Labeling (S&L) program is based upon the
Energy Conservation Act (ECA) 2001. The Act legislated for a wide range of energy
efficiency initiatives including the improvement in energy efficiency of equipment and
appliances through the development of S&L programs. Prior to the passage of the Act,
India’s Ministry of Power (MOP) created the Energy Management Centre (EMC) for the
purpose of coordinating power sector reform. EMC worked with both national and
international organizations in the formulation of a power reform strategy, a strategy which
culminated in the passage of ECA. MOP is primarily responsible for implementing the power
sector reforms legislated in ECA and to this end MOP established the Bureau of Energy
Efficiency (BEE) in 2002; which was integrated with EMC. The BEE works under MOP to
implement these reform measures.
To focus implementation efforts, BEE identified key ‘Thrust Areas’ - activities which are
necessary for the realization of key measures legislated in ECA. One such area has been
the development and implementation of S&L programs for equipment and appliances. The
Page 2 of 16
program has focused on the development of voluntary labeling schemes for a number of
products, including lighting. Some labeling schemes have since become mandatory,
including that for tubular fluorescent lamps.
The overarching Environment (Protection) Act 1986 gives central government power to take
measures to protect and improve the environment and provides the regulatory framework for
the implementation of many measures.
2 LIGHTING PHASE-OUT
Under India’s Bachat Lamp Yojana program 400 million incandescent lamps will be replaced
by CFLs. Whilst not an outright ban on incandescent lamps, the energy savings and
resultant carbon emissions savings will be about 55 million tonnes per year. In order to
make CFLs more affordable, India will receive funding from the Clean Development
Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol. Only 60W and 100W household incandescent lamps will
be replaced under the scheme.
More recent developments include strong Government support for the uptake of LED lamps
in India with a 2010 BEE white paper on The Economic Case for Stimulating LED lighting in
India and a number of regional and pilot schemes.
3 TEST METHOD AND PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
3.1 Standard Development Process
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the national standards organization, which has
been instrumental in setting overall voluntary quality standards for appliances and products.
BIS works through Committees of technical experts and stakeholders, such as
manufacturers, government agencies, consumer societies, and testing facilities to draft these
standards. The standards development process is shown graphically below.
Page 3 of 16
The steps involved in this process include:






Exchange of technology development
Product specification
Practical usability
Procedure development
Testing methods
Analyze results
Basic Organization of Standards and Labelling Authorities:
Ministry of Power (MOP)
The Ministry of Power (MOP) has the primary responsibility of implementing reforms in
power sector under EC Act 2001. MOP, with the help of Central- and State-level
departments, controls the electricity generation, transmission, and distribution network.
Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
Under the provisions of the EC Act 2001, the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) was
established effective 1 March 2002 by integrating the staff of Energy Management Centre
(EMC). BEE works under the MOP, with a mandate to address issues related to energy
efficiency improvement. BEE has the mandate to implement the S&L program in India. It is
getting initial financial support from MOP through the central energy conservation fund. BEE
is also getting technical support from a number of international NGOs (including CLASP) for
standards and labels as well as for other issues.
Steering Committee (SC)
BEE plays the role of a facilitator in the overall process of program design, process and
procedures, implementation and enforcement mechanisms. Therefore, to coordinate with the
manufacturers and manufacturing associations, BEE set up the Steering Committee.
Technical Committee (TC)
The Technical Committees (TC) are comprised of technical persons from BEE, BIS,
manufacturers and manufacturing associations. There are separate Technical Committees
for each appliance and equipment. The objective of setting up the TC is to discuss and
decide about the technical matters involved in the standards setting process and assist the
Steering Committee in formulating the strategy for their execution.
The figures below show the organizational relationships (first figure) and implementation
process (second figure) graphically:
3.2 Test Method Standards
India is a full member of the IEC, with the Bureau of Indian Standards operating as the
National Committee. They are P-members of TC34 and SC34A. In most cases, India uses
IEC standards as guides and adapts them to Indian requirements. Once finalized, the
Page 4 of 16
standards are given exclusive IS numbers, for example, IS 15111, Part I and Part II for CFL.
Where standards are adopted directly, they carry dual IEC/IS numbers.
3.2.1
CFLs
IS 15111, Self ballasted lamps for general lighting services. Part 2 Performance
requirements
Reference Test Standard: IEC 60969
Year Published: 2002
Year Effective: 2002
3.2.2
Fluorescent Lamps
IS 2418: Part 1, Specification for Tubular Fluorescent Lamps for General Lighting Service Part I: Requirements and Tests
Reference Test Standard: IEC 60081
Year Published: 1977
Year Effective: 1977
IS 2418 (part II): Specification for Tubular Fluorescent Lamps for General Lighting Service Part II: Standard Lamp Data Sheets
Reference Test Standard: Not known
Year Published: 1977
Year Effective: 1977
3.2.3
Incandescent lamps
IS 418, Tungsten filament general service electric lamps (up to 100 W)
Reference Test Standard: Not known
Year Published: Not known
Year Effective: Not known
3.2.4
LEDs
IS 16105: 2012, Method of Measurement of Lumen Maintenance of Solid -State Light (LED)
Sources
Reference Test Standard: IES-LM-80-08
Year Published: 2012
Year Effective: Not known
IS 16106: 2012, Method of Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid-State Lighting
(LED) Products
Page 5 of 16
Reference Test Standard: IES-LM-79-08
Year Published: 2012
Year Effective: Not known
3.3 Performance Standards
India currently has mandatory MEPS for CFLs and voluntary MEPS for fluorescent lamps
and has adopted IEC performance standards for LEDs.
3.3.1
Mandatory
MEPS for CFLs
Year Published: Not known
Year Effective: Not known
3.3.2
Voluntary
MEPS for Tubular fluorescent lamps - 1200mm for wattages up to 40K
Year Published: Not known
Year Effective: Not known
3.3.3
LEDs
IS 16102 (Part 2): 2012, Self Ballasted LED-Lamps for General Lighting Services Part 2
Performance Requirements (IEC 62612)
Year Published: 2012
Year Effective: Not known
IS 16103 (Part 2), LED Modules for General Lighting -Part 2, Performance Requirements
(IEC 62717)
Year Published: Forthcoming
Year Effective: Not known
IS 16104: 2012, DC or AC Supplied Electronic Control Gear for LED Modules - Performance
Requirements (IEC 62384)
Year Published: 2012
Year Effective: Not known
IS 16107, LED Luminaries for General Lighting purposes- Performance Requirements
(IEC/PAS 62722-2-1)
Year Published: Forthcoming
Year Effective: Not known
Page 6 of 16
4 LABELS
India currently has a mandatory label for tubular fluorescent lamps and a voluntary label for
CFLs. To increase consumer awareness, the Government of India launched the ecolabelling scheme known as `Ecomark' in 1991 for easy identification of environment-friendly
products.
4.1 Label development process
In the development of labeling schemes, BEE coordinates inputs from multiple stakeholders
through their participation on committees: the Steering Committee and product specific
Technical Committees. The Steering Committee (SC) is composed of manufacturers,
manufacturing associations, BEE representatives, consumer organizations, and technical
experts (including Non-Governmental Organizations or NGOs). This committee coordinates
the overall design of the labeling program and its implementation process. A Technical
Committee (TC) exists for each product and is composed of technical persons from BEE,
BIS, manufacturers, testing organizations, consumer organizations, and manufacturing
associations. These committees determine the technical issues related to labeling, including
test procedures, data collection, data analysis, standard settings, and label design. Once
BEE has developed a label, through input from SC and TCs, the label is proposed to MOP
who is responsible for the execution of the labeling scheme.
4.2 Mandatory
4.2.1
Star Rating Plan for Tubular Fluorescent Lamps
Year Published: 2006
Year Effective: 2010
4.3 Voluntary
4.3.1
Voluntary Label for CFLs
Year Published: Not known
Year Effective: Not known
4.3.2
Ecomark
Ecomark is a government operated seal of approval program for
environmentally preferable consumer products. To increase consumer
awareness, the Government of India launched the eco-labelling scheme
Page 7 of 16
known as `Ecomark' in 1991 for easy identification of environment-friendly products.
The criteria follows a cradle-to-grave approach, i.e. from raw material extraction, to
manufacturing, and to disposal. The Ecomark label is awarded to consumer goods that meet
the specified environmental criteria and the quality requirements of Indian Standards.
The Ecomark scheme does not currently include lighting products.
5 OTHER MEASURES TO STIMULATE LIGHTING EFFICIENCY
5.1 Awareness Raising
5.1.1
Energy Efficiency Label
Extensive advertising and promotional activities were planned in support of the launch of the
energy efficiency label.
5.1.2
LEDs
Under the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC), a core committee
consisting of members from MoP, BEE, MNRE, DoIT etc., was appointed to prepare a
national plan to stimulate LED Lighting in India. In May 2010, this core group, through BEE,
submitted a report, The Economic Case to Stimulate LED Lighting in India. This made
comprehensive recommendations for the promotion of LED lighting in India, with key areas
focusing on down lights for showrooms and show windows, self-ballasted lamps and
secondary road street lights.
In line with these recommendations, awareness raising activities have been undertaken to
stimulate LED lighting. These include:





Workshops and seminars.
LED conclaves (exhibition and workshops) held in Delhi in May 2010, Hyderabad in
August 2011, Mumbai in January 2012 with eight more scheduled during 2013, along
with a national seminar that will take place in Delhi in November or December 2013
to draw together the outcomes from the conclaves.
Light India 2012 – a major lighting exhibition and conference.
Publication of LED street lighting guide for municipalities and public works
departments.
A comprehensive national plan for awareness for LED technology and application for
the year 2013 including advertisements, articles in newspapers and magazines, talk
shows, electronic media, presentations at third party workshops.
Page 8 of 16
5.2 Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL)
EESL is a joint venture of four state owned corporations:




REC (Rural Electrification Corporation Limited) – a public infrastructure finance
company which finances and promotes rural electrification projects across India.
Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (Powergrid) – an electric utility company
headquartered in Gurgaon, India.
NTPC Ltd – India’s largest power company.
PFC (Power Finance Corporation Ltd) - a Financial Institution dedicated to power
sector financing and committed to the integrated development of the power and
associated sectors.
It is tasked by the Ministry of Power with the implementation of energy efficiency projects
(including Bachat Lamp Yojana), promotion of usage of energy efficient appliances and
promotion of the concept of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) etc.
5.3 CFL Programs
India has a strong record of CFL distribution programs, both utility and State Development
Agency supported.
5.3.1
Past Activities1
BESCOM Efficient Lighting Program (BELP)
Launched in 2004, BELP was part of demand-side initiatives launched by the Bangalore
Electricity Supply Company (BESCOM) with the broader goal of promoting end-use
efficiency resulting in off-setting its capacity increase targets.
It received assistance from the Energy Conservation and Commercialization (ECO II)
initiative funded by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and was
implemented by the International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC).
In the initial nine months of the scheme, BELP offered 1.3 million domestic consumers from
the BESCOM Urban Circles the option to purchase BESCOM branded CFLs and 36 Watt
fluorescent tubes either through direct sales at discounted prices or under nine equal
instalments recovered through BESCOM monthly bills). In both cases, the cases, the
consumers received a 12-month warranty backed up by BESCOM. The lamps were sourced
from reputed suppliers and specified to meet the Efficient Lighting Initiative (ELI) technical
standards.
Although originally launched for an initial period of nine months, BELP was still ongoing in
2007.
Patankar, M (2007). An Overview of India’s CFL Programs. Presentation at ECO-ASIA CFL
workshop,Bangkok – 25 November 2007
1
Page 9 of 16
Maharashtra State Utility - sold 500,000 CFLs between 2006 and 2007.
Haryana State Utility, with support from the supplier, distributed 250,000 CFLs from 2007 to
2008
Tata Power and REL, the Mumbai private sector utilities, distributed 250,000 CFLs each in
Mumbai over a two year period.
State Development Agency-supported activities:



Andhra Pradesh, where 100,000 CFLs were distributed through NEDCAP
MEDA sponsored village-level CFL programs
GEDA sponsored village-level CFL programs
Bombay Suburban Electric Supply (BSES)
Safe Disposal of CFLs Scheme
In June 2008, BSES launched a unique initiative that addresses two of the current priorities
– energy conservation and safe disposal of CFLs. BSES’ new scheme provides its
customers an opportunity to buy CFLs at heavily discounted prices – and rewards them for
turning in discarded CFLs and incandescent lamps.
CFLs Gifted to Customers to Encourage Reporting of Power Theft
In 2007, 25,000 CFLs were distributed during the first phase of an innovative reward scheme
to tackle power theft.
Buy One Get 1 Free CFL Scheme
In partnership with the Delhi government,
BSES launched a ‘Buy One Get One Free’
scheme in October 2006. The Scheme
was intended to run until 31 December
2006 but was extended until end June
2007. Under the scheme – a customer
buying a CFL (available in 11W = 60 W,
15 W= 75 W and 20 W = 100 W) - backed
by a one year replacement warranty –
received another of the same wattage absolutely free.
Page 10 of 16
5.3.2
Ongoing Activities
Bachat Lamp Yojna
Launched in 2009, Bachat Lamp Yojana promotes replacement of inefficient bulbs with
compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) by leveraging the sale of Certified Emission Rights
(CERs) under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. The
scheme is a robust public-private partnership between the Government of India, private
sector CFL suppliers and State level Electricity Distribution Companies (DISCOMs).
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) has developed a Programme of Activities (PoA) to
serve as an umbrella CDM project, registered with the CDM Executive Board. The individual
projects, designed to be in conformance with the umbrella project, are added to the umbrella
project as and when they are prepared.
BEE undertakes monitoring of each project area as required under an approved
methodology of CDM. For this purpose, BEE has developed smart meters based on GSM
technology that are fitted between the socket and the CFL in sample households (around
200 in each project area).
The scheme provides a framework to distribute high quality CFLs at about 15 rupees each to
the households of the country. Under the scheme 60 Watt and 100 Watt incandescent
lamps are replaced with 11-15 Watt and 20-25 Watt CFLs respectively.
5.4 LED Activities
5.4.1
Bureau of Energy Efficiency Activities
In 20112, the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) in association with the Confederation of
Indian Industry (CII) initiated the study on Facilitating Market Transformation of LED Lamps
in India. The objective of the study is to facilitate market transformation of LED lighting in
India by collating information on the latest trends and technologies, case studies and
suppliers of LED lighting.
In 2010 BEE launched the LED Village Campaign3 to convert existing incandescent bulbs in
the households and street lights of a whole village with LEDs to showcase LED lighting so
that a comparison can be demonstrated between LED and incandescent lamps. The
objective of the campaign is to enhance the demand for LED based lights so that their costs
are reduced. Village demonstration projects have been approved in 23 States.
In addition, demonstration projects in the use of LEDs in street lighting applications have
been approved in 32 States and demonstration projects on energy efficient street lighting
have already been implemented at Dimapur (Nagaland), Dibrugarh (Assam), Gandhinagar
(Gujarat) and Bangalore (Karnataka).
2
3
Reported in www.gktoday.in, May 2011
http://www.asda.gov.in/news.htm
Page 11 of 16
5.4.2
BSES Activities
In October 2011, BSES Yamuna Power Limited (BYPL) announced collaboration with Osram
to bring the next-generation LED’s and CFL’s to consumers in Delhi. Under the offer,
Delhiites can buy these LED’s and CFL’s at heavily discounted prices. On purchase of a
LED bulb, a consumer will get a free 15 Watt CFL.
5.4.3
Coordinated Government activities under The Economic Case to Stimulate LED
Lighting in India recommendations
In line with the recommendations in the May 2010 report, The Economic Case to Stimulate
LED Lighting in India, Government support for LEDs has so far included:







5.4.4
Written instruction from the Ministry of Commerce to the Ministry of Urban
Development to advise all state governments to initiate change over from present
inefficient street lighting to more energy efficient LED lighting in a phased manner.
Advice from the Ministry of Commerce to the Delhi government to ensure change
over from present incandescent and halogen down lights in commercial areas such
as shops and show rooms to more energy efficient LED down lights.
BEE has undertaken a Municipal Survey and is extending support to all interested
municipalities to plan their street lighting and also extend subsidy to some of the pilot
project identified municipalities.
BEE is considering to include LED retrofit lamp under Bachat Lamp Yojna.
Ministry of Power giving away one LED lamp free to all households within 5 km of the
power generating unit.
Railways replacing to LED lighting in all residential quarters.
Delhi government giving away LED Lamp at special price of Rs. 399 each.
Elcoma LED Lighting Chapter
Elcoma, the India lighting trade association, has established an LED Lighting chapter as a
semi-autonomous group to be completely involved with LEDs and its progress in India.
Three special committees have been instituted to cover LED Lamps, LED Luminaires and
awareness and education programs.
8. ENFORCEMENT OF REGULATIONS
It has been reported that enforcement activities are undertaken (certification, random sample
testing, raids by Enforcement Department).
It is further stated that certain products like CFL and Incandescent Lamps are mandatory
with BIS. Similarly, under BEE labeling, Fluorescent Tube Lamps are mandatory.
Page 12 of 16
9. TESTING CAPACITY
National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)
The NABL provides laboratory accreditation services to laboratories that are performing
tests/calibrations in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2005. It has established its
Accreditation System in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011:2004, which is followed
internationally. In addition, NABL has to also comply with the requirements of APLAC
MR001, which requires the applicant and the accredited laboratories to take part in
recognized Proficiency Testing Programmes in accordance with ISO/IEC Guide 43.
There are five NABL-accredited test laboratories for general lighting products:







Photometry laboratory, R&D Lighting Division, Crompton & Greaves
Crompton Greaves Limited Photometry Laboratory, Lighting Division, Crompton
Greaves Ltd
UL India Private Limited
Electrical Research and Development Association, Vadodra, Gujrat
Intertek India Pvt. Ltd
Electronic Regional Test Lab, New Delhi
ERTL, Kolkata
As part of the recent Government support for LED lighting in India, test facilities are being
established for LEDs at an existing testing laboratory and it is expected that three more will
be supported. Following test Labs are now fully equipped for LED Lighting product testing:
1.
2.
3.
4.
UL, Manesar, Gurgaon
ICAT, Manesar, Gurgaon
Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore
Surya Roshni, Mohali
10.SUSTAINABILITY/END-OF-LIFE TREATMENT INITIATIVES4
In 2007, the Ministry of Environment and Forests set up a task force to development a
master plan for the safe management of end-of-life mercury containing lamps.
The resulting master plan will ultimately be delivered by a network of Producer Responsibility
Organizations (with at least one per region) which may be any NGO, private firm or urban
local body selected through a bidding process in response to a call for proposals. Although
each Producer Responsibility Organization will have flexibility to design and operate their
collection and recycling mechanism according to the region’s needs, collection and recycling
4
Source: Study for Master Plan for Collection, Recycling and Safe Disposal of End-of-life Mercury
Bearing Lamps and Associated Electronics, Shyam Sujan at sixth lites.asia meeting, New Delhi, India,
2-3 October 2012.
www.lites.asia/files/otherfiles/0000/0158/Day_1_Session_4.2_Indian_lamp_recycling_Shyam_Sujan.p
df
Page 13 of 16
mechanism and closed-loop flow for lamp recycling proposed by the master plan are shown
in the following diagrams.
Collection and recycling mechanism
Closed-loop flow for lamp recycling
The implementation schedule for the master plan includes:

Pilots of the model in two cities to derive specific cost and logistic inputs – Delhi and
Bangalore. Phase I in Delhi will commence with the support of Residential Welfare
Associations and will operate via scheduled visits of portable crushing drums to make
domestic consumer collections and through direct pick ups by recyclers from bulk
Page 14 of 16


users. Phase II will commence after successful operation of Phase I for at least six
months and will extend the scheme to include collections by kabariwallas.
Comprehensive public awareness campaign needed to sensitize the range of actors
and stakeholders.
Fine tuning of the model and roll out in phases for rest of the country with a 35%
capture rate in first years reaching to 45% and 60% subsequently.
The necessary regulatory back up to be provided to implement the proposed system under
the Environment (Protection) Act 1986
The report has been approved by the Inter Ministerial Group and Ministry of Power
has forwarded to Ministry of Environment And Forest for implementation. MOEF is
working on the report and will revert after going through the details.
11.SUPPLY CHAIN
Manufacturing
Annual Manufacturing Trends in India by Lamp Type (number of lamps, in millions)5
Lamp Type
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Incandescent lamps
711
757
779
734
766
797
757
Fluorescent lamps
180
186
190
186
179
182
194
Compact fluorescent
lamps
67
100
140
199
255
304
340
Import
India only imports high wattage CFL lamps mostly from China. This import constitutes to
around 5 to 6 % of total CFL consumption. All other type lamps are fully manufactured in
India.
5
http://www.elcomaindia.com/Lighting_Industry_in_India2011.doc
Page 15 of 16
12.COMMERCIAL AND CONSUMER USAGE
Elcoma reports that India has approximately 2 billion installed lighting points – with 60% of
these in the residential sector and 40% in the commercial sector. The breakdown of these
by type of lamp is shown in the following figure.
Percentage share by type of lamp
Page 16 of 16