CHOHAN MOTOR DRIVING
SCHOOL
THE ART OF DRIVING
Driving is an art, it is different from the knowledge of how to start
your car, somehow keep her moving and stop it. Immense concentration,
superb anticipation, minute attention in details, like self-discipline and a
complete knowledge of what you and your car can do and what both of
you cannot, is very necessary. Fast and accurate reflex action must be
pain taking developed by forming good driving habits. Smooth driving
means relaxed and gentle relationship between a driver and his vehicle
whether road and traffic conditions are good or bad.
Yet the perfect driver is the person who always drives smoothly,
safely and methodically does not exit. Every driver is always on the way
to perfection, no matter how many years of driving experience is behind
him.
STARTING UP
A) As you approach your car, glance at the space surrounding her from front and backsides and
underneath. Many cars are damaged due to obstruction close to them. Eg: - A Stone, A manhole, a
parked two-wheeler or a car.
B) Glance at all the four wheels to detect any appreciable defection in the tyers.
C) Now open the driver’s side door and take your position on the wheel in such a way that the outer
part of the road and the car should be clearly visible.
D) Before starting the engine, confirm stop knob is fully in, adjust the rear view mirror.
E) Then press the clutch pedal with the left foot and bring the car to the neutral position, (always
remember to start the car in the neutral position) which is in the central of all the four gears. Now
switch the ignition on click one and then press the key downwards and release it as soon as the
engine starts. Do not operate starter for more than 15 seconds at a time. Wait for 30 to 60 seconds
before trying again.
F) If the vehicle has not been used for many days, it is necessary to circulate oil properly to the
engine therefore run the engine idle for 2-3 minutes to warm it up in ideal position. This is very
important for turbo-charged engines. So that the oil inside the chamber of the engine can lubricate
to all the dry parts of the engine. Now depress full clutch with your left foot and with your left
hand, click the gear
G) Release the hand brake, if you are an absented type; get the electrician to fit a hand brake light on
the central panel of your cars desk board.
H) Take your right hand out of the window to signal your start. (Use blinkers during the night) Look
back ward towards your right side shoulder and ease out slowly, and grace fully.
I)
Now depress the accelerator slightly increasing the revolution of the engine, simultaneously
releasing the clutch pedal slowly until you hear the engine note begin to drop indicate that the
clutch is begin engage. The car will start and you can speed to 10 KMPH. Now depress the clutch
pedal simultaneously releasing the accelerator and click the gear liver with the palm of yours hand
to the second gear, speed the car to 20 KMPH, (10 KMPH faster than the first gear). Again press
the clutch pedal simultaneously releasing the accelerator and with the palm of your left hand click
it to the third gear, speed the car to 30 KMPH and in the same manner press the clutch
simultaneously releasing the accelerator, click the lever to fourth gear by pushing it straight down,
now after all these hand and foot operations, you can increase your car speed up to 40 to 50
KMPH or more, provided the speed limits act permits you.
SEAT BELT
Every vehicle shall be equipped with a seat belt for the driver as well as for the person occupying
the front seat. Vehicle including trailers and semi trailers shall be fitted with
A) Two white reflectors, one each at the extreme right and left bottom corners in the front of the
vehicle and facing the front.
C HO HAN M O TOR D RIVIN G SCHOOL
B) Two red reflectors, one each on both sides at the rear.
C) The reflecting area of each reflector shall not be less than 28.5 sq.cm in case of vehicles where the
overall length is more than 6 meters and 7 sq.cm in case of others.
D) The reflective tape or paint of at least 2 cm width shall affixed/painted all along the width of the
body, both at the front and rear of every goods vehicle.
SEAT
Your seat must be adjusted in such a position that would enable you to reach all control without
straining your body. The seat must be firmly bolted, so that it does not push back while you press the brake
and clutch pedal. The adjustment of the seat is done with a lever that is fitted below the side of the seat.
STEERING
Always hold the steering wheel firmly with both hands. Your hands should be on opposite sides of
the wheel. This gives you better control over your vehicle. In an emergency where braking is neither
possible nor advisable, the use of steering wheel can help you prevent an accident.
A) An experienced driver can get out of a nasty situation by his control on the steering wheel.
B) Two accepted ways of keeping your hands on the steering wheel are ‘Ten to Two’, or quarter to
three! You should never cross your hand while turning.
C) By constant practice perfect control on your speed and brakes, concentration and anticipation, you
would be able to adjust the minimum space that your car would require to pass through stationary
and moving obstacles. When conditions are windy, keep a firm grip on the steering wheel
particularly while going through the curves, bridge etc.
REAR VIEW MIRROR
A) A rear view mirror is your third eye.
B) You must form a habit of using it every time you start, change the lane, overtake, turn, stop and
reverse. A good driver glances in the mirror every five to ten seconds.
ACCELERATING
Do not roll back when you start. Partly engage the clutch before you make your foot off the brake.
Set the handbrake and release it only when you have applied enough engine power to prevent rolling back.
Speed up smoothly and slowly, so that the vehicle does not jerk. Rough acceleration can cause damage to
the coupling, when pulling a trailer. Sudden speeding on a wet or slippery surface can cause skidding.
OVERTAKING
Overtaking is not just accelerating hard to overtake and pass the vehicle ahead of you. Numerous
road accidents occur due to faulty and hasty overtaking techniques.
BEFORE YOU OVERTAKE:
A) Judge the speed of the vehicle ahead of you.
B) Look in your rear view mirror to see that there is no vehicle approaching close to you from behind.
C) Make sure, if necessary by going towards your left that there is no obstacle (a vehicle, cyclist,
cattle etc.) ahead of the vehicle you desire to overtake.
D) Watch for incoming traffic on the right side.
E) Never try to overtake on a curve, a gradient going up, at cross roads or at intersections.
F) Blow the horn to drive the attention of the driver ahead and wait till he signals you to pass. If he
does not pull to his left immediately, do not loose your head. As you begin to pass, watch the
movements of his front wheels to be sure that he does not swing out suddenly.
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G) While overtaking in rain, be careful. You must increase the safety margin considerably.
H) While overtaking at night it would be easier to draw the attention of the driver ahead by blinking
your light.
I)
While overtaking stationery vehicles, give them the maximum possible berth. Look out for the
driver suddenly opening the door and jumping out.
CURVES
A) Only you can judge the speed with which you negotiate a particular curve. Sharper the curve,
lesser the speed and greater the care. Follow the principles of ‘slow in fast out’. Steer into the
curve at a constant speed and keep steady, till you are at the end of the curve. Accelerate only
when the car comes in a straight line.
B) Using the engine as a brake by changing to a lower gear is better than applying brakes on sharper
curves and wet slippery surfaces. This is because the brakes are best applied when the car is
straight with her weight evenly distributed on all the four wheels. During the night flash your
headlights up and down when you approach a curve.
CROSSING
Two vehicles coming from opposite directions can cross each other comparatively easily.
A) Look for hazards like boulders, milestones, cattle etc on your left.
B) At night be EXTREMELY careful if the approaching vehicle does not dip her light, you may not
be able to see on your left. Two drivers blinded are more dangerous then one.
C) As soon as you are in the line with the front of the approaching vehicle switch on to the full beam.
STEEP GRADIENTS
Many drivers are surprised at the top of the rising gradient by an oncoming vehicle or two
vehicles, or foolishly trying to overtake the other. As you approach the top of the gradient, pull on to your
extreme left, take your right hand out of the window and stretch it up and high for the on coming vehicle to
see. The action is a sort of ‘up periscope’.
When going down steep hill, engage the car in a lower gear. Do not use the brake to slow down
your descent. Do not switch of the ignition while descending.
SKIDDING
Skidding is dangerous, both for you and for the person on the other side of the road. If involved in
a skid, you must try to put the wheels of your car straight and moving.
A) Do not Panic.
B) Lift your foot off the accelerator pedal.
C) Change to a lower gear to cut down the driving speed
D) Steer in the direction of the skid, especially during a rear-wheel skid but go in the opposite
direction the moment you regain control. This prevents the car from swerving in the opposite
direction.
E) Pump the brakes do not jam them. You must keep the moving for effective steering control.
BRAKES
Brakes hardly fail suddenly. They fade away like history so that gradually you hardly feel
anything amiss. They must therefore, be checked regularly for cent percent efficiency.
The number of times you have to jam your brakes is inversely proportional to your driving skill, you must
learn to anticipate well enabling you to slow down gradually and come to graceful stop. You must be able
to stop safely in the visible space ahead. It is believed that a decelerating vehicle comes to a stop within a
shorter distance as compared to a vehicle with brakes jammed and wells locked.
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STOPPING
Driving too fast is a major cause of heavy vehicle accidents. Stopping a vehicle safely in
emergency dependant upon various factors like the speed and weight of the vehicle, alertness of the driver,
road weather conditions, condition of the vehicle, etc. Unfortunately, many drivers underestimate the
minimum distance required to stop their vehicles. It takes longer to stop than most people think, and even
longer when road is wet.
Assuming that your vehicle is in top condition, you are an excellent driver, the road is very good
and when those conditions are friendly…suddenly a hazardous situation arises. The following three things
will add up to the stopping distance: A) Perception distance: - This is the distance your vehicle moves from the time your eyes see a
hazard till the brain gets the message. It is normally ¾ second. At a speed of 50 Kmph, your
vehicle would have already traveled about 20 meter. ·
B) Reaction distance: - This is the distance traveled from the time your brain tells your foot to move
from the accelerator until your foot actually pushes the brake pedal. This reaction time is also
about ¾ second. During which the vehicle has further moved about 20 meters.
C) Braking distance: - This is the distance a vehicle travels after the application of brakes till it comes
to a complete halt. At a speed of 50 Kmph, it is around 40 meters for an ordinary truck. Thus the
total stopping distance would be around 40 meters. The braking distance will be more if the
vehicle is fitted with air brakes.
STOPPING DISTANCE FURTHER INCREASES
A) If the driver is not alert, or is tired, or under the influence of alcohol, drug or medication.
B) If tyres or brakes are not in good condition.
C) If the road surface is wet.
THE EFFECT OF SPEED ON STOPPING DISTANCE
If the speed doubles the braking distance increase four times, therefore in an emergency it will be
very difficult to stop the vehicle immediately.
THE RIGHT WAY TO STOP
A) Always indicate your intention to stop.
B) Slow down and pull over as close to the left of the road as possible before stopping.
C) Before opening doors, look behind and sideways to ensure that they will not endanger pedestrians
or other traffic.
D) As far as possible, passengers should get down from the left hand side.
E) Tailgating or following too closely behind another vehicle is a bad-driving habit. If the front
vehicle stops suddenly, you will not be able to stop your vehicle in time.
PARKING
Parking must be done only in those areas where it is permitted. Before parking, always look out
for 'no parking' signs to make sure that you are not parking in any restricted area. Each such sign applies
over distance of 15 meters in the direction indicated. If an arrow indicates both directions, no parking is
permitted either side of the sign. Unless otherwise specified 'no parking' signboards are effective for 24
hours and on all days. Normally, no vehicle can remain stationary at the same place for more than 6 hours
at a stretch. Parking should always be parallel to the footpath or edge of the road unless otherwise
indicated.
The vehicle should be parked as close to the footpath or edge of the road as possible (not
exceeding 0.5 meters). If the parking areas marked, the vehicle must remain within that area.
When parking on a slope, turn your front wheels fully towards the kerb (edge of the road) and set
parking brakes. If there is no kerb, front wheel should always be turned towards the left. The vehicle should
be left in the first or reverse gear as an added precaution in case of brake slippage.
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IT IS UNLAWFUL TO PARK AT THE FOLLOWING PLACES:
A) On a footpath, pedestrian crossing, bridge or inside a tunnel.
B) In front of an entrance to a street or a highway.
C) In front of an entrance to a hotel, theatre, auditorium, office building, hospital or
loading/unloading location.
D) In a position, which would prevent the convenient removal of any vehicle already, parked.
IN
ADDITION, PARKING RESTRICTIONS ARE GENERALLY IMPOSED
TO RESTRICT PARKING
A) Within 15 meters of a bus stop or taxi stand.
B) Within 50 meters of a signalized junction.
C) Within 10 meters of a non-signalized intersection or corner of a street.
HORNS
Though excessive use of horns is to be deplored, you must from a habit of using them at the time
you overtake, reverse, curves cross roads, intersection of roads, stationary vehicles and stray cattle.
HORNS ARE HARMFUL TO HEALTH
A) Horns increase blood pressure and have bad effect on the heart.
B) Horns damage hearing power and cause digestion problems.
C) Horns cause serious disturbance to the sleeping children, patients and old persons.
D) Horns cause irritation, tension and sleeplessness.
E) Blowing horn without reason is an offence.
LIGHTS
Your vehicle head light tail lamps and warning lights must be kept working and clean. Every
goods vehicle including a trailer must be fitted with two while lights at the top right and left corners
(showing lights at the front) and two red lights at the top right and left corners at the rear. These lights shall
remain lit when the vehicle is stationary on the road at night and when the visibility is poor. These lights
are called 'Hazard Lights'.
REVERSING
Since March 1995, it is necessary to fit a reversing white light. There shall also be an audible warning
sign (a special horn) that will operate automatically along with the light only when the vehicle is in reverse
gear. Since you cannot see everything behind your vehicle, reversing requires extra caution. Remember the
following tips:
A) Look at your reversing path before you begin.
B) Reverse slowly, using mirrors.
C) As far as possible, turn towards the driver's side. Turning towards the other side is dangerous
because of limited view behind.
D) Never reverse from a minor side road onto a major road.
E) Fit reversing light and audible warning signal.
F) Always use a helper.
G) Do not reverse longer than absolutely necessary.
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SHIFTING GEARS
A) It is very important to control the speed of your vehicle by shifting gears correctly. This is
particularly important while negotiating a curve, or turning at an intersection, or descending a
ghat. Too much of application of brakes to control the speed can cause overheating, resulting in
the loss of braking power.
B) Many heavy vehicles require double-declutching to change gears. It needs extra practice. If you
encounter any difficulty while shifting to next gear, do not force the gear lever. Return to neutral,
release clutch, increase engine speed to match road speed, and try again.
C) After a fraction of a second, the gear will engage.
D) The lever should always be mover at one stretch beyond neutral.
CROSSING OR ENTERING TRAFFIC
A) You need extra space to cross or enter traffic because of your vehicle's size and weight. The
following points should be borne in mind:
B) Give a correct signal.
C) As heavy vehicles need larger space and pick up speed slowly, it is necessary to ensure, a much
larger gap in traffic before you can enter.
D) As acceleration is slow with heavier loads, allow for extra space if heavily loaded.
E) Before crossing a road, ensure that the traffic gap allows you sufficient time to get across before
other vehicles reach you.
WHILE TURNING
A) It is very important to tell other drivers what you are going to do
B) Give correct signal.
C) Signal well in advance.
D) Signal continuously till you have completed the turn.
E) Cancel your signal after you have turned.
RIGHT TURN: - Operate “Right Side” indicator, bring your vehicle gradually
on the center of the road, wait for oncoming vehicle to pass, then start turning to
right side. As soon as the turning exercise is complete, choose appropriate speed
and lane on the new road; make sure that the right indicator signal has turned off.
LEFT TURN: - Operate “Left Side” indicator gradually, bring your vehicle to
the leftmost lane of the road, take on acute turn to ensure that your vehicle
remains in the leftmost lane of the new road, As soon as the turning exercise is
completed, choose appropriate speed and lane on the new road; make sure that the
left indicator signal has turned off.
WHILE CHANGING LANE
A) Make sure through your mirror that the traffic behind you is at a safe distance.
B) Put on your turn signal.
C) Change lane slowly and smoothly.
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WHILE SLOWING DOWN
A) Warn drivers behind you when you have to slow down, or stop, or find a hazard ahead.
B) Flash your brake lights by tapping your brake pedal softly a few times.
TURNING
When a vehicle goes around a corner, its rear wheels follow a path different from the front wheels.
This off tracking is larger for longer vehicles and largest for articulated vehicles/trailers.
A) Steer the front end wide enough around the outside of the corner, so that the rear end does not
overrun the carriageway.
B) Avoid braking while cornering on down hill slope to prevent skidding and overturning.
C) Control your speed well before entering the curve and shift to the lower gear. It will help you keep
control over the vehicle.
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
Defensive driving means driving in a manner, that prevents accidents in spite of adverse driving
conditions and situations created by others who may not follow rules. Knowledge of correct rules and
techniques, and the ability to handle unexpected emergencies are requirements for a good driver. It is the
knowledge that can help you to successfully tackle any situation caused by other's mistakes, bad roads,
adverse weather, and traffic conditions, Mechanical failure of your vehicle, etc.
PRECAUTIONS
BEFORE COMMENCING JOURNEY
A) Ensure that your driving licence, all documents and permits of the vehicle are with you.
B) Check tyre pressure, radiator water, suspension and fuel.
C) Keep spare wheel toolbox, spare electrical fuses (unless vehicle has circuit breakers) and other
such item like fan belt, hosepipe etc.
D) Ensure that headlights, signal lights, brake lights are clean and operating properly.
E) Make sure that number plates are clean and clearly visible.
F) Ensure that the load is equally distributed and properly secured. Check for overloads and
unbalance loads in particular.
G) Secure all loose articles in cab.
H) Adjust rear view mirrors, have a look at all the gauges like oil pressure, temperature and fuel
meters, Ammeter/Voltmeter, etc., and release hand brake.
I)
Make sure that there is object or animal under the vehicle, and the area to the front and rear of
your vehicle is clear.
J)
Check foot brake on start by pushing brake pedal firmly at a speed of about 10 Kmph.
K) If you find anything wrong or unsafe, get it replaced/repaired before commencing your journey.
FURTHER INSPECT AND ENSURE
A) There is no leakage of oil, fuel and water.
B) There is no abnormal noise and smoke.
C) The vehicle should be moved only after checking all the gauges (meters) and releasing the
handbrake. If the warning sound is heard, do not drive unless it switches off.
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STAYING ALTER
A) Get enough sleep before you leave on a long trip. Driving when you are tired is dangerous.
B) Do not drive more than 12 hours a day on long trips.
C) Avoid overeating.
D) Do not drink and drive.
E) If you fell sleepy, stop driving immediately and get some sleep before resuming journey.
F) While on long distance travel, it is advisable to have at least ten minutes rest for every two hours
of driving in the plains and every one add a half hours in hilly areas.
ALWAYS REMEMBER
A) Always keep the windscreen clean.
B) Driving through deep water may wet the brake and adversely affect its performance. To dry it
quickly, apply brakes softly a few times while maintaining safe road speed till the braking ability
returns to normal.
C) Do not drive with your foot on the clutch pedal, as it leads to early war of clutch plates.
D) Before stopping the engine, run it idle for at least two minutes.
E) While washing, ensure that water does not enter into air cleaner or any electric parts.
F) Do not allow the engine speed to rise to an excessive level while going down a hill steep road.
Operating an engine beyond its maximum rated speed can lead to major engine failure.
G) Before entering turns and curves, reduce the vehicle speed to a safe level and choose the proper
gear. Avoid braking and disengaging the clutch on turns Avoid changing gears mid-day on a
slope.
H) Operate at uniform speed as much as possible. Frequent acceleration and deceleration not only
consumes more fuel and emits more pollution, it also adversely affects the life of a vehicle.
I)
While towing a vehicle over a long distance, ensure that the gear is in neutral position.
J)
Disconnect alternator/battery connection before carrying out welding work on a vehicle
IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS
A) Fill up fuel tank at the end of the day. It will help in reducing formation of water drops in the tank.
B) Clean the air cleaner regularly and ensure proper fitment of felt, gasket and sealing ring. Fill clear
oil to the level. These will increase the life and efficiency of the engine.
C) Maintain proper oil pressure. Use only the recommended lubricants. Replace engine, gearbox and
differential oils regularly as recommended in the maintenance schedule.
D) Ensure proper oil level in the fuel injection pump.
E) Use anti-corrosion oil in radiator while changing engine parts. Prevent its corrosion and
overheating engine parts
F) In case of failure, replace thermostat and fit pressure radiator cap properly to get better engine life.
G) Maintain proper water level in the battery. Use only distilled water.
H) Drain the air tank once a week to remove water and oil from inside.
I)
Always depress the clutch pedal fully.
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IMPORTANT DONT'S
A) Do not weld or drill holes on the chassis. It weakens the chassis strength.
B) Do not modify chassis frame, springs, etc. and load the vehicle more than the weight for which the
vehicle has been designed.
C) Do not temper with fuel pump settings.
D) Do not pour cold water when engine is hot, as this may cause cracks on cylinder head/block.
E) Do not run the vehicle without a battery, as the life of alternator will be reduced.
F) Do not run the vehicle with leaky air pipes, fuel pipes and oil pipes.
G) Do not mix kerosene or any other oil in fuel. It reduces the life of engine and fuel pump.
H) Do not use non-genuine parts, lubricants or filter elements. Always purchase them from the
authorized dealers or petrol pumps.
I)
Do not press starter push button when the engine is running, as it can damage the starter and/or
flywheel ring.
IMPORTANT FITTINGS
A) No lights other than those permitted in the Motor Vehicles Rules can be fitted on a vehicle.
B) No motor vehicle is allowed to have any red light fitted such that it is visible from the front.
C) No light other than red to be fitted such that it is visible from the rear.
D) Spotlights, searchlights, moving lights, fancy lights, and mercury lamps are strictly prohibited.
E) The headlights, for lights, brake and taillights must be maintained and cleaned well.
F) The rear number plate must be illuminated with white light at night.
POLLUTION CONTROL
EMISSION
Every vehicle must be maintained and driven in such conditions that smoke, visible vapors, sparks
ashes, or oily substances are not emitted.
After the expiry of a period of one year from the date of first registration, every vehicle has to
obtain a 'Pollution Under Control' (P.U.C.) certificate, every six months, from an agency authorized by the
State Government. This certificate should always be carried, in original, while driving and produced on
demand by the authorized officers. It is valid throughout the country. Every driver is required to submit his
vehicle for pollution tests if required by a police officer (Police Sub-Inspector and above), or an inspector
of the Motor Vehicles
DEPARTMENT
The smoke emitted by vehicles is the main cause of air pollution. It affects the lungs and causes
asthma, bronchitis etc. It also has a bad effect on the heart.
MAIN CAUSES
EXCESSIVE SMOKE EMITTED BY DIESEL VEHICLE MAY BE DUE TO:
A) Incorrect injection pump timing
B) Defective nozzle.
C) Choked air filter/exhaust system
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D) Poor engine compression
E) Adulterated diesel
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F) The punishment for the offence of pollution is a fine of Rs. 1000/-
FOR YOUR SAFETY
A) Do not open radiator cap when engine is hot. The boiling water can splash over you and cause,
serious burns.
B) Keep engine and its surrounding area clean and free from leakages/spillages off any inflammable
liquid fuel oil or engine oil to avoid possible fire risk.
C) If the vehicle is required to be lifted (using jack), park the vehicle on level and hard surface only.
Apply hand brake and place wooden blocks or stones under the wheel to prevent any accidental
rolling.
D) Do not use jack as the only means of support. Place additional support under the points of
sufficient strength.
E) Make sure to remove all stones etc., if used for supporting the wheel or cordoning off the vehicle
before leaving the spot. These stones can cause serious accidents to other vehicles.
F) Do not inhale dust from clutch or brake lining, or blow dust from these units. It is injurious to
health.
G) Bring the vehicle to the side of the road if low air pressure warning sound is heard.
H) Avoid applying brakes violently on slippery roads.
ACCIDENTS
MAIN CAUSES
Excessive Speed is perhaps the most important single cause of auto accidents. It does not
necessarily mean very high speed. In certain situations, even at as lower speed, a driver may not be able to
keep proper control over his vehicle. Safe driving speeds are dependent upon a variety of factors like road
surface, intensity of light, weather conditions, type of vehicle and the driver's expertise.
Following too closely, also known as Tailgating, is the condition of driving too close to the
vehicle in front. There is no such thing as an 'instant stop'. The higher the speed, longer is the stopping
distance required. Tailgating leaves no margin for safety. If the driver in front applies sudden brakes, you
are likely to dash against that vehicle.
Failure to keep to proper lane, or driving outside your allotted area can cause serious accidents. If
you suddenly change lanes or enter the carriageway meant for the other traffic, you may make other drivers
nervous and lose control
Overtaking dangerously and attempt to overtake without safe clearance or on turns and bends
often leads to dangerous situations. Overtaking is particularly dangerous along ghats and on bridges. The
drivers of 2 - wheelers and pedestrians are more exposed to danger, especially at night, as they may not find
sufficient space even on the side of the road.
Lane Cutting Changing lanes or pulling out of parking places without due care, and weaving
between vehicles in different lanes are the most common causes of accidents in the city traffic. The heavy
vehicles should ordinarily confine to the left most lanes and may switch over the right lane for turning well
in advance and slowly by giving proper signals.
Failure to give way and ignoring signs and lights. Not conceding right - of - way as per the
established practices, ignoring traffic signals and signs and signs, and speeding across intersections
mindless of other traffic are some of the other reasons.
Pedestrian Intrusion. The sudden appearance of pedestrians, especially small children, on a
highway where speeds are generally high, can cause loss of control, leading to an accident. This can also
happen when a pedestrian may try to cross in front of parked vehicle or a bus alighting or picking up
passengers.
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Inattention Driving demands a certain amount of concentration on the job. Failure to keep one's
attention on the road and the traffic can lead to an accident. A driver should avoid distracting conversation,
day dreaming, scenic viewing, etc. He should inculcate a habit of keeping both hands on the steering wheel,
so that he can meet any emergency with confidence.
RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE EVENT OF AN ACCIDENT
The driver of the vehicle involved in an auto accident that has caused injury or damage to any
person, animal, vehicle or property is required to render all possible assistance to the injured and report the
matter to the nearest police station within 24 hours.
THE DRIVER MUST
A) Stop and extend help to the injured.
B) If the accident involves a vehicle carrying dangerous goods (oil tankers, chemical carriers, etc.)
keep everyone away. Do not let anyone smoke within 100 meters. Take emergency action as per
the information display on the vehicle.
C) Offer medical assistance. If the person refuses, try to obtain in writing that he does not wish to
receive medical attention.
D) Note down the names and address of the witnesses and registration numbers of vehicles passing
by. They may be useful in case of legal complications later.
E) If a policeman arrives at the scene, note down his name and number also.
ALCOHOL AND DRIVING
THE TRUTH ABOUT ALCOHOL
There are many dangerous ideas about the use of alcohol. The driver who believes in these wrong
ideas is more likely to get into trouble. Here are some examples:
ALCOHOL CAUSES SERIOUS DRIVING ERRORS, SUCH AS
A) Driving too fast or too slow.
B) Driving in the wrong lane.
C) Running over the footpath.
D) Changing lanes dangerously.
E) Not Signaling.
F) Quick and jerky starts.
G) Failure to use lights.
H) Ignoring stop signs and red lights.
THESE ERRORS INCREASE THE CHANCES OF AN ACCIDENT. DRIVING AFTER
CONSUMING ALCOHOL IS A SERIOUS OFFENCE. THE PUNISHMENT IS FINE AND/OR
IMPRISONMENT, AND THE DRIVING LICENCE IS SUSPENDED FOR, AT LEAST, SIX
MONTHS
HAZARDOUS GOODS CARRIERS
Hazardous substances / chemicals mean any material which may pose high risk to the health and
safety of people. These include explosives, gases, flammable liquids and solids, poisonous and infections
substances, corrosive material and other such dangerous loads.
THE OWNER / DRIVER OF SUCH A CARRIER MUST ENSURE:
A) Emergency information panel carries the necessary information about the material it is carrying
and other relevant details, telephone numbers, etc.
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B) The correct hazardous carrier display.
C) The fire extinguisher and emergency kit are carried.
D) There is no leakage in the tank.
E) That the vehicle is always parked away from any residential area or source of fire
CAUTION
IN THE EVENT OF AN ACCIDENT, LEAKAGE OR FIRE:
A) Stop engine and apply hand brake.
B) Keep people away.
C) Permit no smoking within 100 meters.
D) Information the nearest police station.
E) Do not touch any leaking material.
F) Do not try to locate leakage by smell, as some gases are very poisonous and can kill you
G) Never continue driving with hazardous material leaking.
IF A LEAK IS NOTICED:
A) Park the vehicle off the road.
B) Keep everyone away.
C) The driver must stay close by, but send somebody for help with the following information.
D) Type of material and leak.
E) Exact location of the vehicle. Name of carrier and name of consignor.
HIGHWAY DRIVING TIPS
REMEMBER – HIGHWAY DRIVING IS ALL ABOUT ‘SAFE OVER TAKING’
AND SAFELY BEING OVERTAKEN IF THIS IS UNDERSTOOD PROPERLY AND
PRACTICED RELIGIOUSLY, YOU WII NEVER EVER MEET WITH A ROAD ACCIDENT.
A) Fasten your seat belt before starting for highway driving
B) Blow horn whenever required
C) While overtaking never try to overtake from left side
D) While overtaking keep in mind 3 speed from of reference, viz Your speed, the speed of the
ongoing vehicles ahead you and the speed of oncoming vehicle, which is approaching you, ‘make
sure that your speed is sufficiently more than the ongoing vehicle and you will safely overtake that
vehicles before the oncoming reaches you. In event of slightest doubt in your mind, remain right
behind the ongoing vehicle till the oncoming vehicle pass away and ensure that overtaking will
again be safe.
E) Blow horn sufficiently while overtaking during daytime, while overtaking at nights, sufficient use
of dipper switch gives proper signals to the ongoing and oncoming vehicles.
F) Whenever oncoming vehicle approaches, use dipper switch and dip the headlights. As soon as
such vehicle passes immediately switch on to full headlights.
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G) Always keep an eye on the rear view mirror.
VEHICLE MAINTANCE
1.
Tune-up your vehicle at least trice a year
2.
Wheel alignment should be done after ever 5000 Kms or twice in a year. Wheel balancing after
every 20000 Kms.
3.
Check air pressure ever 30 days, Front wheel – 24 Pressure and Rear wheel – 26 pressure
4.
Tyre rotation every 8000 Kms.
INSTRUCTIONS
This book contains 110 questions based on the driving knowledge, which is
expected to be a good driver. If you are planning to appear for the driving test or if you
are already holding a driving a driving license, to check how much do you know about
driving just turn this page and try to answer the question by selecting the correct answer
given below each question.
If you solve all question correctly, you are an outstanding driver. A score above
105 correct answer indicate that you are an excellent driver; while 90 to 105 answer rates
you as an average driver who needs improvement. Score below 90 is poor and alarming.
It indicates that you should know a lot more about driving rules, regulations and other
safety matters.
An answer sheet at the end of the book shall indicate your score.
GET SET READY, TURN THE PAGE TO START!
GO!!!