OLD CONTENTS
PART ONE THE BASIC TOOLS OF CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER 1 THE TOOLS OF CHEMISTRY OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 1MATTER AND MEASUREMENT
1.1 The Science of Chemistry
1.2 Methods of Science
1.3 Some Definitions
1.4 Units of Measurement
1.5 Handling Numbers
1.6 Problem Solving by Dimensional Analysis
CHAPTER 2 ATOMS AND ELEMENTS OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 2 ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
2.1 Elements
2.2 Atoms
2.3 Isotopes
2.4 Atomic Weight
2.5 The Periodic Table of the Elements An Introduction
2.6 The Mole
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Chemical Elements: Platinum
CHAPTER 3 COMPOUNDS AND MOLECULES OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 3 MOLECULES, IONS AND COMPOUNDS
3.1 Compounds, Molecules, and Molecular Formulas
3.2 Elements That Exist As Molecules
3.3 Ions and Ionic Compounds
3.4 Names of Compounds
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Planetary Chemistry: Neptune
3.5 Molar Mass, Molecular Weight, and Formula Weight
3.6 Determination of the Formula of a Compound
CHAPTER 4 CHEMICAL REACTIONS: AN INTRODUCTION OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 4 CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY
4.1 Chemical Equations
4.2 Balancing Chemical Equations
4.3 Some Common Types of Chemical Reactions
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Titanium Dioxide: A White Pigment
4.4 Weight Relations in Chemical Reactions: Stoichiometry
4.5 Reactions Where One Reagent Is Present in Limited Supply
4.6 Percent Yield
4.7 Chemical Equations and Chemical Analysis
CHAPTER 5 REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 5 REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
5.1 Properties of Aqueous Solutions: An Introduction
5.2 Balancing Equations for Reactions in Aqueous Solution:
5.3 Some Types of Reactions in Aqueous Solution: Exchange Reactions
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Lead Iodide Crystals Grown in Space-A Student-Designed Experiment
5.4 Stoichiometry of Reactions in Solution
5.5 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Sunglasses, Photochromic Glass, and Oxidation-Reduction
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Cisplatin, A Cancer Chemotherapy Drug
CHAPTER 6 THERMOCHEMISTRY OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 6 ENERGY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS
6.1 Energy and Its Forms
6.2 Units of Energy
6.3 Heat Capacity and Specific Heat
6.4 Energy Changes in Chemical Processes: Enthalpy
6.5 Hess's Law
6.6 State Functions
6.7 Standard Conditions and Standard Enthalpies of Formation
6.8 Measuring Heats of Reactions: Calorimetry
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Our Energy Future
PART TWO ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
CHAPTER 7 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 7 ATOMIC STRUCTURE & CHAPTER 23 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
7.1 The Nature of Radioactivity
7.2 Nuclear Reactions
7.3 Stability of Atomic Nuclei
7.4 Rates of Disintegration Reactions
7.5 Artificial Transmutations
7.6 Nuclear Fission
7.7 Controlled Nuclear Reactions
7.8 Nuclear Fusion
7.9 Uses of Radioactivity
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Radon
CHAPTER 8 ATOMIC STRUCTURE OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 7 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
8.1 Electromagnetic Radiation
8.2 The Quantization of Energy
8.3 The Photoelectric Effect and Albert Einstein
8.4 Atomic Line Spectra and Niels Bohr
8.5 The Wave Properties of the Electron
8.6 SchrOdinger, Heisenberg, and Quantum Mechanics
8.7 The Wave Mechanical View of the Atom
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT The History of Atomic
CHAPTER 9 ATOMIC ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS AND PERIODICITY OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 8 ATOMIC ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS AND PERIODICITY
9.1 Electron Spin
9.2 The Pauli Exclusion Principle
9.3 Atom Orbital Energies and Electron Assignments
9.4 Atom Electron Configurations
9.5 Ion Orbital Energies and Electron Configurations
9.6 Atomic Properties and Periodic Trends
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT The Importance of Ionic Properties: Gems and Their' Colors
9.7 The Energy Required to Form Common Monatomic Ions and Its Chemical Consequences
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT The Origin of the Elements
CHAPTER 10 BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMICAL BONDING & MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OLD=
NEW CHAPTER 9 BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
10.1 Valence Electrons
10.2 Chemical Bond Formation
10.3 Ionic Bonding
10.4 Covalent Bonding
10.5 Bond Properties
10.6 Molecular Shape
10.7 Molecular Polarity
CHAPTER 11 FURTHER CONCEPTS OF CHEMICAL BONDING: ORBITAL HYBRIDIZATION,
MOLECULAR ORBITALS, AND METALLIC BONDING OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 10 ORBITAL HYBRIDIZATION, MOLECULAR ORBITALS
11.1 Valence Bond Theory
11.2 Molecular Orbital Theory
11.3 Metals and Semiconductors
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Semiconductors
PART THREE STATES OF MATTER
CHAPTER 12 GASES AND THEIR BEHAVIOR OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 12 GASES AND THEIR PROPERTIES
12.1 The Properties of Gases
12.2 The Gas Laws: The Experimental Basis
12.3 The Ideal Gas Law
12.4 The Gas Laws and Chemical Reactions
12.5 Gas Mixtures and Partial Pressures
12.6 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
12.7 Graham's Law of Diffusion and Effusion
12.8 Nonideal Gases
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT: Molecular Speeds
CHAPTER 13 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLIDS OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 13 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLIDS
13.1 Phases of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory
13.2 Intermolecular Forces
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Sweeteners-The Secret is in the Shape
13.3 Properties of Liquids
13.4 Solids
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Probing Solids with X-Rays
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Artificial Diamonds
13.5 The Special Properties of Liquid and Solid Water
13.6 Phase Changes
CHAPTER 14 SOLUTIONS AND THEIR BEHAVIOR OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 14 SOLUTIONS AND THEIR BEHAVIOR
14.1 Units of Concentration
14.2 The Solution Process
14.3 Colligative Properties
14.4 Colloids and Colloidal Dispersions
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Beer and the Chemistry of Solutions
PART FOUR THE CONTROL OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHAPTER l5 CHEMICAL KINETICS: RATES AND MECHANISMS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS OLD
=
NEW CHAPTER l5 CHEMICAL KINETICS
15.1 Kinetics and Conditions
15.2 Chemical Reaction Rates
15.3 Rate Expressions
15.4 Concentration/Time Relationships
15.5 Rate Changes with Temperature
15.6 Reaction Mechanisms
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Reactions and Mechanisms in Urban Air Pollution
15.7 Catalysis
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Catalysis:
The Production of Acetic Acid from Simple Compounds
CHAPTER 16 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA: GENERAL CONCEPTS OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 16 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA
16.1 The Nature of the Equilibrium State
16.2 The Equilibrium Constant
16.3 The Reaction Quotient
16.4 Some Calculations with the Equilibrium Constant
16.5 External Factors Affecting Equilibria
16.6 Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Mechanisms
CHAPTER 17 THE CHEMISTRY OF ACIDS AND BASES OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 17 THE CHEMISTRY OF ACIDS AND BASES
17.1 Water, the Hydronium Ion, and Auto-Ionization
17.2 The Bronsted Concept of Acids and Bases
17.3 Water and the pH Scale
17.4 Strong Acids and Bases
17.5 Weak Acids and Bases
17.6 The Lewis Concept of Acids and Bases
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Planetary Chemistry: The Acid Clouds of Venus
CHAPTER 18 REACTIONS BETWEEN ACIDS AND BASES OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 17 THE CHEMISTRY OF ACIDS AND BASES
18.1 Acid-Base Reactions
18.2 The Common Ion Effect and Buffer Solutions
18.3 Acid-Base Titration Curves
18.4 Acid-Base Indicators
CHAPTER 19 PRECIPITATION REACTIONS OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 18 OTHER ASPECTS OF AQUEOUS EQUILIBRIA
19.1 Solubility of Salts
19.2 The Solubility Product
19.3 Determining Ksp from Experimental Measurements
19.4 Estimating Salt Solubility from Ksp
19.5 Precipitation of Insoluble Salts
19.6 Solubility and the Common Ion Effect
19.7 Solubility, Ion Separations, and Qualitative Analysis
19.8 Simultaneous Equilibria
19.9 Solubility and Complex Ions
19.10 Acid-Base and Precipitation Equilibria of Practical Significance
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Carbon Dioxide Equilibria-Of Oceans and Eggs
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Silver Chemistry
CHAPTER 20 THE SPONTANEITY OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS: ENTROPY & FREE ENERGY OLD=
NEW CHAPTER 19 ENTROPY AND FREE ENERGY
20.1 Spontaneous Reactions and Speed: Thermodynamics Versus Kinetics
20.2 Energy and Spontaneity
20.3 Spontaneity, Disorder, and Entropy
20.4 Entropy, Elements, and Compounds
20.5 Entropy and the Second Law
20.6 Thermodynamics and the Equilibrium Constant
20.7 Thermodynamics and Time
CHAPTER 21 ELECTROCHEMISTRY: CHEMISTRY OF OXIDATION-REDUCTION RxNS OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 20 ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS
21.1 Chemical Change Leading to Electric Current
21.2 Electrochemical Cells and Potentials
21.3 Voltaic Cells At Nonstandard Conditions
21.4 Common Batteries and Storage Cells
21.5 Electrolysis: Chemical Change from Electrical Energy
21.6 Electrical Energy
21.7 The Commercial Production of Chemicals by Electrochemical Methods
21.8 Corrosion: An Example of Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
PART FIVE THE CHEMISTRY OF THE ELEMENTS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS
CHAPTER 22 THE CHEMISTRY OF HYDROGEN AND THE s-BLOCK ELEMENTS OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 21THE CHEMISTRY OF THE MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS
22.1 The Chemistry of Hydrogen
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Hydrogen Absorbed by Metals-The Cold Fusion Episode
22.2 Diagonal Relationships
22.3 The Alkali Metals: Group lA
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT The Chemistry of Fireworks
22.4 The Alkaline Earth Metals: Group 2A
CHAPTER 23 METALS, METALLOIDS, AND NONMETALS: PERIODIC GROUPS 3A and 4A OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 22 THE CHEMISTRY OF THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS
23.1 The Elements of Group 3A
23.2 The Elements of Group 4A
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Lead Chemistry
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Asbestos
CHAP
CHAPTER 24 THE CHEMISTRY OF THE NONMETALS: PERIODIC GROUPS 5A THROUGH 7A
AND THE RARE GASES OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 22 THE CHEMISTRY OF THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS
24.1 The Chemistry of Group 5A Elements
24.2 The Chemistry of Group 6A Elements
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Ozone in the Stratosphere
24.3 The Chemistry of Group 7A Elements
24.4 The Chemistry of the Rare Gases
CHAPTER 25 THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS AND THEIR CHEMISTRY OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 22 THE CHEMISTRY OF THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS
25.1 Physical Properties of the Transition Metals
Commercial Production of Transition Metals
Coordination Compounds
Structures of Coordination Compounds and Isomers
Bonding in Coordination Compounds
The Colors of Coordination Compounds
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Iron Chemistry
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Nickel Chemistry
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Superconductivity
CHAPTER 26 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 11 CARBON: MORE THAN JUST ANOTHER ELEMENT
26.1 Some Preliminaries: Structural Formulas and Bonding
26.2 The Alkanes
26.3 Functional Groups and Common Classes of Organic Compounds
26.4 Alcohols, ROH
26.5 Ethers, ROR
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Organic Chemistry, Gasoline, and Gallstones
26.6 Unsaturated Compounds: Alkenes and Alkynes
26.7 Benzene and Aromatic Compounds
26.8 Alkyl Halides
26.9 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
SOMETHING MORE ABOUT Fat
26.10 Carbonyl Compounds: Aldehydes and Ketones
26.11 Amines and Amides
26.12 Petroleum and Refinery Processes
CHAPTER 27 POLYMERS: NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC MACROMOLECULES OLD =
NEW CHAPTER 11 CARBON: MORE THAN JUST ANOTHER ELEMENT
27.1 Amino Acids
27.2 Proteins
27.3 Carbohydrates
27.4 Energy and Information: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
27.5 Synthetic Polymers: Plastics, Fibers, and Elastomers
Appendices A-L
a. Some Mathematical Operations
b. Common Units, Equivalences, and Conversion Factors
c. Physical Constants
d. Some Physical Constants for Water and a Few Common Substances
e. Ionization Constants for Weak Acids at 25 °C
f. Ionization Constants for Weak Bases at 25 °C
g. Solubility Product Constants for Some Inorganic Compounds at 25 °C
h. Formation Constants for Some Complex Ions in Aqueous Solution
i. Standard Reduction Potentials in Aqueous Solution at 25 °C
j. Selected Thermodynamic Values
k. Answers to Exercises in the Text
l. Answers to Selected Study Questions
m. Atomic Masses of the Element