Name (last, first)_______________________________ Student #:________________ 1
University of Toronto at Mississauga
Introduction to Neuropsychology – PSY 295F
Term Test 2 – November 9, 2004
Total Test Duration 90 minutes
Section 1:
Section 2:
Section 3:
Section 4:
TOTAL:
Short Answer
Diagram
Multiple Choice
Matching
32 points
8 points
40 points
20 points
100 points
Section 1 – Short Answer
Write your name and number on each sheet.
Answer only in the space provided.
The value of each question is in parentheses next to the question.
Name (last, first)_______________________________ Student #:________________ 2
(3)
1. What is the evidence that prosopagosia is NOT due to problems with recognizing faces as similar
members of the same category?
Prosopagnosic farmer was tested for recognition of sheep faces (that are also similar
members of the same category). The farmer was not impaired on this test. Therefore,
the problem with face recognition is not due to their similarity.
(3)
2. A patient in your office has an associative agnosia (he was able to copy drawings). How would you
test whether he has lost knowledge of what things should look like (e.g., scissors)(2 quick tests)? Based on his
performance explain what you would conclude.
Ask the patient to draw scissors.
Ask the patient to verbally describe what a pair of scissors looks like.
If he can do both he has preserved knowledge what things should look like.
(6)
3. In The Presidents’ Speech (O. Sacks) most of the patients were laughing at the U.S. president’s
speech. Why was this case and where was their brain damage (in general)(3)? Emily D. did not laugh at the
president’s speech but she did have a problem with it. Why was this the case and where was her brain damage
(in general)(3)?
These aphasia patients had impaired comprehension which did not allow them to
understand what the president was saying. However, because they were good at
detecting emotional tone of speech and when people are lying such as the US
president. Their damage was in the Wernicke’s area (left temporal damage also
acceptable; left hemisphere acceptable also).
Emily D. could not detect emotional tone in language (prosody) so her ability to detect
logic/soundness of arguments was augmented – the presidents’ speech had problems
with logic/use of language/grammar. Her damage was in the right hemisphere.
(1)
4. Mr. Bush, a patient in your office, is in a confusional state. Draw his response in an alternating
sequence task.
Name (last, first)_______________________________ Student #:________________ 3
(3)
5. Why is right neglect extremely rare?
VISUOSPATIAL /ATTENTIONAL ABILITIES ARE ORGANIZED IN SUCH A WAY THAT LEFT HEMISPHERE
ATTENDS TO INFO FROM THE RIGHT VISUAL FIELD/HEMISPACE. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE RIGHT
HEMISPHERE ATTENDS TO BOTH LEFT AND RIGHT VISUAL FIELD/HEMISPACE. IF THERE IS A
LESION IN THE LEFT HEMISPHERE THERE WON’T BE NEGLECT SINCE THE INTACT RIGHT
HEMISPHERE WILL STILL ATTEND TO INFO IN THE RIGHT VISUAL FIELD. SINCE THIS PATTERN OF
DOMINANCE OF THE RIGHT HEMISPHERE IN VISUOSPATIAL ATTENTION IS MOST PREVALENT IN
MOST PEOPLE, RIGHT NEGLECT IS VERY RARE.
(4)
6. Do neglect patients gate (block) stimuli centrally or peripherally (early or late selection)? How would
you test this (you can describe one of the two experiments we discussed in class)?
UNILATERAL NEGLECT PATIENTS GATE THINGS CENTRALLY (late selection).
EXAMPLE #1: IF A NEGLECT PATIENT IS PRESENTED WITH TWO BILLS, ONE OF THEM BEING
DAMAGED ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE, THE PATIENT WILL SAY THAT THE BILLS ARE IDENTICAL.
HOWEVER, IF THE PATIENT IS ASKED WHICH ONE WOULD HE RATHER HAVE THEN HE WILL
ALWAYS CHOOSE THE INTACT BILL.
EXAMPLE #2: SIMILARLY, IF THE PATIENT IS SHOWN TWO HOUSES, ONE OF THEM
HAVING FLAMES COMING OUT OF THE LEFT WINDOW, THE PATIENT WILL SAY
THAT THE HOUSES ARE IDENTICAL. BUT IF THE PATIENT IS ASKED WHICH
HOUSE THEY WOULD RATHER LIVE IN, HE WILL PICK THE ONE THAT IS NOT ON
FIRE.
Either example is sufficient.
HENCE IN BOTH CASES THE PATIENT IS PROCESSING SOME INFROMATION WITHOUT AWARENESS.
SINCE THEY ARE AVOIDING THE BAD HOUSE OR BILL THEY MUST BE PROCESSING THIS
INFROMATION CENTRALLY. IF THE INFORMATION WAS GATED PERIPHERALLY THEY WOULD BE
ABLE TO MAKE THE CORRECT DECISIONS.
(2)
7. Indicate how a hemineglect patient and left hemianopia patient would bisect the lines below.
Hemineglect patient
(4)
Hemianopia patient
8. One of your patients has anomic aphasia and one has severe visual agnosia. You present both of
them (independently) with drawings of several objects (e.g., scissors) and ask them to identify them. What
would be likely responses from each one of them?
Anomic patient would probably say (1):
I know what it is, it’s called…….I don’t know the name
Agnosia patient would probably say (1):
I don’t know
Next, you ask both patients (again, independently): “What tool would you use to cut sheets of paper?” What
would be likely responses from each one of them?
Anomic patient would probably say (1):
I know what it is….but I don’t know how to say it
Agnosia patient would probably say(1):
scissors
Name (last, first)_______________________________ Student #:________________ 4
(3)
9. What is the evidence that semantic knowledge is compartmentalized in the brain?
Semantic dementia study: individuals with anterior temporal lobe damage lost
knowledge about people; those with posterior temporal damage lost knowledge about
tools; those with damage to the middle of the temporal lobe lost knowledge about
animals.
OR
Imaging study showed that when people answered questions about people there was
activation in the anterior temporal lobe; when they answered questions about tool
there was activation in the posterior temporal lobe; when they answered questions
about animals there was activation in the middles section of the temporal lobe.
(3)
10. What are the two proposed systems for visual recognition (2)? How are faces processed?
Holistic; Analyses by parts; faces are processed holistically.
Bonus:
(1)
Mr. Reckless was in a car accident that produced damage to his ascending reticular activation
system. What kind of behavioural change should we expect?
ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:
REDUCED AROUSAL/ATTENTION
CONFUSIONAL STATE
SEVERE CASE – COMA
Name (last, first)_______________________________ Student #:________________ 5
Section 2 – Diagram
(8)
On the appropriate figure bellow, label each structure by clearly placing the corresponding number on
the appropriate structure or line (if appropriate).
1) Insula
2) Wernicke’s area
3) arcuate fasciculus
4) Heshel’s gyrus
5) Calcarine fissure/sulcus
6) V1
7) Broca’s area
8) Fusiform gyrus
4
3
7
1
2
6
5
8
Sections 1 & 2 (Short Answer & Diagram):
_______
Sections 3 & 4 (Multiple-Choice and Matching): _______
Total:
_______%
Name (last, first)_______________________________ Student #:________________ 6
University of Toronto at Mississauga
Introduction to Neuropsychology – PSY 295F
Term Test 2 – November 9, 2004
Section 3 – Multiple Choice (40 points)
Answer on the Scantron Sheet
FORM A
Name (last, first)_______________________________ Student #:________________ 7
1. Which of the following have visual functions?
A.
occipital lobes
B.
parietal lobes
C.
temporal lobes
D.
all of the above
2. Which of the following visual areas projects directly to the parietal visual areas?
A.
V1
B.
V2
C.
V3
D.
V4
E.
V5
3. What is the function of the pathway that projects from V1 to the temporal lobe?
A.
visual action
B.
visual location
C.
object recognition
D.
object motion
E.
all of the above
F.
none of the above
4. Which one of these accurately describes the geniculostrate pathway?
A.
Retina, optic chiasm, pulvinar, V1
B.
Retina, optic chiasm, LGN, superior colliculus, V1
C.
Retina, optic chiasm, LGN, superior colliculus
D.
Retina, optic chiasm, LGN, Broadman area 17
E.
Retina, optic chiasm, superior colliculus, pulvinar, V1
5. Which one of these is specialized for color perception?
A.
V1
B.
V2
C.
V3
D.
V4
E.
V5
6. Which one of these is specialized for motion perception?
A.
V1
B.
V2
C.
V3
D.
V4
E.
V5
7. Where are the cones located and what is their primary function?
A.
Mostly fovea; bright light
B.
Throughout the retina; bright light
C.
Mostly fovea; dim light
D.
Throughout the retina; dim light
E.
None of the above are correct
8. What distinguishes individuals with associative and apperceptive agnosia?
A.
Individuals with associative agnosia can copy drawings, those with apperceptive agnosia
can not
B.
Individuals with apperceptive agnosia can copy drawings, those with associative agnosia can not
C.
Individuals with apperceptive agnosia can recognize objects, those with associative agnosia can
not
D.
Individuals with associative agnosia can recognize objects, those with apperceptive agnosia can
not
Name (last, first)_______________________________ Student #:________________ 8
9. Which area(s) bellow is (are) part of the core system for face perception?
A.
Fusiform gyrus
B.
Superior temporal gyrus
C.
Angular gyrus
D.
A and B
E.
None of the above
10. What is the name of fundamental units of language?
A.
morphemes
B.
lexicals
C.
prosody
D.
vowels
E.
phonemes
11. What is the name of vocal intonation that helps us understand the literal meaning of what people say?
A.
semantics
B.
prosody
C.
morphemes
D.
phonemes
E.
syntax
12. What we call “grammar” is referred to by linguists as:
A.
semantics
B.
syntax
C.
morphemes
D.
phonemes
E.
discourse
13. What have the results from the electrical stimulation of conscious neurological patients suggested?
A.
strict localizationists theories of speech are incorrect
B.
brain stimulation outside Broca’s and Wernicke’s area disrupts speech functions
C.
stimulation of speech zones affects more than speech
D.
all of the above
E.
none of the above
14. What have the electrical stimulation studies found with regards to language areas in males and females?
A.
these areas are larger in males
B.
these areas are smaller in males
C.
the areas are of equal size
D.
these areas are less lateralized in males
15. Your patient has difficulty finding words, her speech is laborious, slow and halting. Most of her utterances
are nouns. What is your initial diagnosis?
A.
fluent aphasia
B.
nonfluent aphasia
C.
transcortical syndrome
D.
word deafness
E.
anarthria
16. Your patient can comprehend speech, produce meaningful speech, and repeat speech, but has great
difficulty in finding the names of objects. Where is the patient’s damage likely located?
A.
parietal lobe
B.
frontal lobe
C.
temporal lobe
D.
corpus callosum
E.
occipital lobe
Name (last, first)_______________________________ Student #:________________ 9
17. Where is Broca’s area located?
A.
posterior frontal lobe
B.
dorsal temporal lobe
C.
anterior temporal lobe
D.
medial occipital lobe
18. Where is Wernicke’s area located?
A.
temporal lobe
B.
posterior frontal lobe
C.
medial occipital lobe
D.
limbic lobe
E.
dorsal parietal lobe
19. Right hemisphere damage produces various language-related deficits. Which of the following is an aspect
of language that is affected by right hemisphere lesions?
A.
timbre discriminations
B.
visual word recognition
C.
melody of prosaic language
D.
all of the above
E.
none of the above
20. What have Dronkers and colleagues concluded regarding what causes apraxia of speech?
A.
damage to Broca’s area
B.
damage to insula
C.
damage to cerebellum
D.
damage to posterior temporal lobe
E.
damage to cingulate
21. The patient in your office reads “puppy” as “dog” and “woman” as “mother”. What is your initial diagnosis?
A.
attentional dyslexia
B.
neglect dyslexia
C.
spelling dyslexia
D.
deep dyslexia
E.
surface dyslexia
22. The patient in your office reads “let” as “wet” and “clock” as “block”. What is your initial diagnosis?
A.
attentional dyslexia
B.
neglect dyslexia
C.
spelling dyslexia
D.
deep dyslexia
E.
surface dyslexia
23. Which of the following subcortical structure(s) has/have been implicated in language functions?
A.
thalamus
B.
basal ganglia
C.
hypothalamus
D.
Angular gyrus
E.
A and B
F.
None of the above
24. What is lacking from nonhuman animals’ oral communication?
A.
syntax
B.
semantic aspect
C.
emotional overtones
D.
reliability from one time to another
E.
none of them are lacking
Name (last, first)_______________________________ Student #:________________ 10
25. What do patients with posterior parietal lesions typically have difficulty distinguishing?
A.
up and down
B.
right and wrong
C.
red from green
D.
left and right
E.
yellow from blue
F.
none of the above
26. Which of the following occurs with parietal lobe damage?
A.
deficits in selective attention
B.
apraxia
C.
disorders of drawing
D.
neglect
E.
B and D
F.
All of the above
27. What is the name of the first stage in recovery from contralateral neglect?
A.
extinction
B.
reintegration
C.
morphosynthesis
D.
allesthesia
28. A patient in your office can see the pencil that you are showing him, but he has problems reaching for it.
What is the name of this deficit?
A.
hemineglect
B.
optic ataxia
C.
aphasia
D.
agraphia
E.
visual agnosia
29. What type of damage is likely to produce optic ataxia?
A.
dorsal temporal lobe
B.
anterior parietal lobe
C.
posterior parietal lobe
D.
medial occipital lobe
30. A patient in your office can see the comb that you are showing him. He can also see the plastic spoon that
you
are showing him. However, when you place the comb and the spoon right beside each other, he can only see
one of them. What deficit is he showing?
A.
Aphasia
B.
Associative agnosia
C.
Neglect
D.
Simultagnosia
E.
Prosopagnosia
31. Which one of these is (are) typically seen in patients with Balint’s syndrome?
A.
Optic Ataxia
B.
Simultagnosia
C.
40º gaze misdirection
D.
all of the above
E.
none of the above
32. A patient in your office has sustained damage to his right fusiform gyrus. Which one of these deficits is he
likely to exhibit?
A.
Apraxia
B.
Aphasia
C.
Prosopagnosia
D.
Simultagnosia
E.
Neglect
Name (last, first)_______________________________ Student #:________________ 11
33. What is the term for random stringing of words often seen in fluent aphasias?
A.
Bushism 
B.
Randophasia
C.
Word salad
D.
Neologisms
E.
None of the above
34. Which one of these parameters is used in assessment of aphasia?
A.
Spontaneous speech
B.
Verbal repetition
C.
Auditory comprehension
D.
All of the above
E.
None of the above
35. Which side of the face do intact individuals devout more attention to?
A.
left side
B.
right side
C.
left and right equally
D.
no studies have been done to answer this question
36. Which one of these is true about scatomas?
A.
they are often quite noticeable when a person is moving their eyes
B.
they are often not noticeable when a person is moving their eyes
C.
scatomas can be as large as a half of the visual field
D.
scatomas can be as large as the entire visual field
37. What kind of input are polysensory neurons in the temporal lobe responsive to?
A.
auditory
B.
visual
C.
somatosensory
D.
all of the above
E.
none of the above
38. What is the name of the disorder characterized by inability to recognize familiar individuals’ faces, with
intact ability to recognize familiar individuals by voice?
A.
Audiognosia
B.
Prosopagnosia
C.
Prosoaphasia
D.
Afferent paresis
E.
None of the above
39. What stream(s) projects from the occipital lobe?
A.
Dorsal stream
B.
Medial stream
C.
Lateral stream
D.
Ventral stream
E.
A and D
F.
None of the above
40. When can macular sparing be observed?
A.
after large damage to V1
B.
after damage to LGN
C.
after damage to optic tract
D.
it can be observed after any of the three above
Name (last, first)_______________________________ Student #:________________ 12
University of Toronto at Mississauga
Introduction to Neuropsychology
PSY 295F
Term Test 2 – November 9, 2004
Section 4 – Matching (20 points)
Answer on the Scantron Sheet
41- 47. Neuropsychologists can infer, from visual testing, where in the visual system damage has
occurred. Show your neuropsychological acumen by matching the condition in each question with the
correct site of damage from the list on the right.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
Bitemporal hemianopia F
Blindness in the left visual field G
Monocular blindness A
Small scatoma D
Achromatopsia in the left visual field E
Upper left quadranopia C
Lower right quadranopia B
A. Optic nerve
B. Left V1, above the calcarine fissure
C. Right V1, below the calcarine fissure
D. Primary visual cortex
E. Right V4
F. Optic chiasm
G. Right V1
48-54. Match the method in each question with the correct alternative.
48. Afferent paresis C
49. Asterognosis A
50. Simultaneous extinction D
51. Blind touch B
52. Anosognosia G
53. Acalculia E
54. Autopagnosia F
A. inability to recognize objects by touch
B. ability to point to touched area without feeling the touch on
conscious level
C. finger clumsiness due to lost sensory feedback
D. failure to report both of two tactile stimuli presented at the same
time
E. inability to do arithmetic
F. inability to localize body parts
G. denial of illness
49-52. Match the item in each question with the correct alternative:
55. Anarthria C
A. reading deficit
56. Alexia A
B. loss of emotional tone in language
57. Paraphasias D
C. muscular incoordination
58. Anomia E
D. unintended word use
59. Agraphia F
E. word-finding deficit
60. Aprosidia B
F. inability to write