Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
1 Studying Biology
Part I
Check your progress
1.1 What is biology?
1. Zoology
2. Cytology
3. Human biology
4. Botany
5. Genetics
6. Ecology
7.
8.
Microbiology
Taxonomy
1.2 Why do we study biology?
1. F
2. F
3. F
4. T
1.3 Important biological inventions and discoveries
1.4 Biological terms
1. enzyme
2. kill
3. cell
4. study
5. breakdown
6. substance
7. against
8. life
9.
10.
cell
remove
1.5 How do we study biology?
A. 1. Making observations
2. Making hypothesis
3. Doing experiments
4. Collecting new data
5. Revision
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
1
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
B.
New Biology — a modern approach
1.
2.
Do not put the labels on the diagram itself.
Labels should be written horizontally.
3.
4.
The labelling lines should not intersect one another.
Give the diagram a suitable title and include the scale of magnification.
1.6 The characteristics of living organisms
A. 1. nutrition
2. respiration
3. excretion
4. growth
5. reproduction
6. sensitivity
7. movement
B. The motor car does not have the characteristics of growth, reproduction and sensitivity.
And only combusting (but not respiration) occurs in the motor car to release energy.
C. 1. T
2. F
3. F
4. F
5. F
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
2
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
2 Chemicals of life
Part I
Check your progress
2.1 What are organisms made of?
1. C
2. C
3. C
2.2 The functional roles of the organic substances in organisms
A. 1. (a) carbon
7.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
F
T
F
T
F
F
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B.
hydrogen
oxygen
glucose
starch
glycogen
Cellulose
energy
amino acids
nitrogen
genes
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
3
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
2.3 The importance of water to life
A. 1. T
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F
6. F
B. 1. cooling agent
2. medium of transport
3. reactant / hydrolysing agent
4.
5.
6.
supporting agent
solvent
medium of transport
2.4 The presence of minerals in all living cells
1. B
2. C
3. D
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
4
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
3 The cell as the basic unit of life
Part I
Check your progress
3.1 Discovery of cells
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
F
T
T
T
F
3.2 Microscope
A. 1. F
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. H
7. E
8. G
B.
1.
2.
A
C
3.3 Basic structure of a cell
A. 1. C
2. A
B. 1. cell membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. mitochondria
4. chloroplasts
5.
6.
7.
8.
cell wall
nucleus
vacuole
chromosomes
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
5
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
3.4 The similarities and differences between plant and animal cells
1. a
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
c
c
b
a
c
a
c
a
c
3.5 The cell as a basic unit of life
A. 1. B
2. C
B. 1. nucleus → cell → tissue → organ → system → organism
2. (i) E
(ii) C, D
(iii) D
(iv) A
(v) B
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
6
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
4 Cell activities
Part I
Check your progress
4.1 Metabolism
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
b
a
b
b
c
4.2 The role of enzymes in metabolism
4.3 The nature and properties of enzymes
A. 1. (a) reusable
2. (b) protein
(c) denatured
3. (d) specific
B. 1. F
2. F
3.
4.
5.
6.
T
T
F
F
4.4 The mechanism of enzyme action
(a) C: enzyme
D: product
X: enzyme-substrate complex
(b) Look-and-key hypothesis
(c) Both the active site of the enzyme and the key have a specific shape which fits into a
particular substrate and lock respectively.
(d) Formation of protein / starch / growth (or any suitable answer)
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
7
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
4.5 Factors affecting enzyme activity
A. 1. C
2.
3.
B.
C
A
(a) From 0−45ºC, the enzyme activity increases when the temperature increases.
From 45−60ºC, the enzyme activity decreases when the temperature increases.
The optimum temperature for enzyme activity is 45ºC
(b) The enzyme is inactive but not denatured at low temperatures. It regains its activity
when the temperature increases.
4.6 Movement of substances across the cell membrane
A. 1. C
2. B
3. A
B. 1. (i) b
(ii) a
(iii) b, c
(iv) b
(v) a
2. (a) √
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
osmosis
lower
√
not
√
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
8
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
5 Diversity of organisms and classification
Part I
Check your progress
5.1 The diversity of organisms
5.2 Classification
A. 1. F
2. T
B. 1. (a) taxonomy
2. (b) species
(c) common features
(d) interbreed
(e) offspring
5.3 Kingdom prokaryotae
5.4 Kingdom protoctista
5.5 Kingdom fungi
A. 1. F
B.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
T
F
F
T
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
prokaryotes
nucleus
saprophytic
parasitic
algae
water
(g) hyphae
(h) spores
5.6 Kingdom plantae
1. (a) ferns
(b) spores
2. (c) rhizoids
3. (d) Gymnosperms
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
9
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
4.
New Biology — a modern approach
(e) mosses
(f) ferns
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
gymnosperms
flowering plants (angiosperms)
dicotyledons
monocotyledons
5.7 Kingdom animalia
1. birds, mammals
2. amphibians (adult), reptiles, birds, mammals
3. amphibians (tadpoles), fish
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
fish, reptile, birds (on the legs)
birds
reptiles, birds
mammals
birds
mammals
amphibians
5.8 Identifying organisms with simple keys
(a) A snail
B earthworm
C ant
D spider
E centipede
(b) Ant, spider and centipede belong to the same group. They have segmented body and
jointed legs. Their bodies are covered with exoskeleton.
5.9 Viruses
1. F
2. F
3.
4.
5.
6.
F
T
T
F
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
10
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
6 The ecosystem
Part I
Check your progress
6.1 What is an ecosystem?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
population
habitat
environment
community
ecosystem
ecology
6.2 What is environment?
A. 1. C
2. B
B. 1. T
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. F
6.3 Energy flow within an ecosystem
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. B
6.4 The accumulation of toxic substances along food chains
(a) parts per million
(b) DDT drained off by water into river (by leaching) is absorbed actively by water plants. A
small fish eats a large amount of water plants, and then a large fish eats a lot of small fish,
and finally a bird eats a lot of large fish. Since DDT cannot be excreted or broken down, it
is accumulated along the food chain.
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
11
New Biology — a modern approach
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
6.5 Cycling of materials
1. (a) A - respiration
2.
(b)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
B - photosynthesis
C - feeding
D – combustion / burning
X is decay. Decomposers are involved in this process.
Animals take in plant material, breaking down plant protein into amino acids.
Animals synthesise their protein from the absorbed amino acids.
nitrogen fixing bacteria
They are found in the root nodules of leguminous plants.
by decomposition / putrefaction
decomposers / putrefying bacteria
Process C is nitrification.
Nitrifying bacteria are involved.
(e) denitrifying bacteria
6.6 Ecological interdependence of organisms
1. (a) commensalism
2. (b) mutualism
3. (c) predation
(d) predator
(e) prey
4. (f) parasitism
5.
(g) competition
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
12
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
7 Effects of humans on the environment
Part I
Check your progress
7.1 The increasing effects of human activities on the environment
7.2 Human activities and pollution
A. 1. C
2. A
3. B
B.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
C.
D.
B
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
F
F
T
T
F
F
T
C
F
G
4.
5.
D
E
humans
pollutants
environment
fossil fuels
ozone
UV light
bacteria
fungi
oxygen
7.3 The Earth's resources
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
13
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
7.4 The undesirable effects of over-exploitation of resources
A. 1. D
B.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B
C
T
T
F
F
T
7.5 Environmental protection
A. 1. D
2. D
3. B
B. 1. F
2. T
3. F
4. F
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
14
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
8 Photosynthesis
Part I
Check your progress
8.1 How do green plants feed?
8.2 The requirements for photosynthesis
A. 1. C
2. A
B. 1. (a) carbon dioxide
(b) water
(c) solar energy / sunlight
2.
3.
4.
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
carbohydrates / glucose
Oxygen
mesophyll
stomata
xylem vessels
8.3 Investigations to study the requirement for photosynthesis
A. 1. D
2. D
3. D
B.
1.
2.
(a) 1  4  3  2
(b) to soften the leaf
to extract chlorophyll / decolourise the leaf
(a) to destarch the plant
(b) (i) to show that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis
(ii) to absorb carbon dioxide
(c) (i) to show that light is necessary for photosynthesis
(ii) to exclude light / make sure the plant cannot absorb light
(d) Leaf A - blue black, leaves B and C - brown
8.4 The photosynthetic process
A. 1. F
2. T
3. F
B. 1. A
2. B
8.5 The effects of environmental factors on the rate of photosynthesis
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
15
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
A.
1.
2.
C
C
B.
(a) When the distance between the beaker and the table lamp increases, the light
intensity decreases. Therefore, the rate of photosynthesis decreases with the increase
in distance.
(b) This solution provides carbon dioxide.
(c) A large beaker can hold a greater volume of dilute sodium hydrogencarbonate
solution. This provides more carbon dioxide and absorbs more heat energy released
by the table lamp.
(d) Crops grow faster in a greenhouse because it is warmer inside. The carbon dioxide
concentration in a greenhouse can also be raised to increase the photosynthetic rate
of the crops.
8.6 The products of photosynthesis
A. 1. A
2. A
3. D
B. 1. F
2. T
3. F
8.7 Leaves-organs of photosynthesis
A. 1. B
2. A
B. (a) i. veins
ii. cuticle
iii. epidermis
iv. palisade mesophyll
v. spongy mesophyll
vi. xylem
vii. phloem
viii.
(b) 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
stoma
Gases can diffuse into and out of the leaf easily.
to carry water and minerals from the soil to the leaf
to carry the product of photosynthesis away from the leaf
for gaseous exchange, to allow carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to diffuse into
the leaf
to prevent excess water loss
for diffusion of gases
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
16
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
9 Respiration
Part I Check your progress
9.1 What is respiration?
A. 1. T
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T
B.
1.
A
2.
C
9.2
The use of energy released from food
9.3
The chemistry of respiration
A. 1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T
B.
9.4
6.
7.
8.
F
F
T
1.
2.
A
D
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
A. 1. (a) glucose
(b) carbon dioxide
2.
3.
B.
1.
2.
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
aerobic
ethanol
alcoholic fermentation
lactic acid
lactic acid fermentation
T
F
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
17
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
3.
4.
F
F
5.
T
C.
1.
2.
C
B
D.
(a) food + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy
(b) oxygen
(c) The oil drop would move towards the boiling tube. The small insect consumes
oxygen during respiration and gives out carbon dioxide which is then absorbed by
the soda lime. As a result, the air pressure inside the boiling tube becomes lower
than the atmospheric pressure and the oil drop moves towards the boiling tube.
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
18
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
10 Obtaining essentials for life in green plants
Part I Check your progress
10.1 Nutrition
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
10.2 The importance of minerals for proper growth in green plants
1. (a) active transport
2.
3.
4.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
major elements
trace elements
proteins
nitrates
small leaves
chlorophyll
yellowing of leaves
10.3 Fertilizers
1. T
2.
3.
4.
5.
T
F
T
T
10.4 Gaseous exchange in plants
A. 1. (a) stomata
(b) diffusion
2. (c) spongy
(d) air space
B.
3.
(e) cork cells
(f) lenticels
1.
2.
3.
4.
F
T
F
F
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
19
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
10.5 Transpiration
A. 1. D
B.
2.
3.
4.
D
A
C
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
F
T
T
F
T
10.6 Absorption of water and mineral salts by the root
1. C
2. E
3. F
4. G
5. D
10.7 Transport in flowering plants
1. F
2.
3.
4.
T
T
F
10.8 Support in plants
(a) turgidity — A and D
rigidity — B and C
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
20
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
The plant will wilt. If the plant is not watered properly, there will be a net loss of water since water
is lost by transpiration and the loss is not replenished by water absorption.
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
21
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
11 Food requirements in humans
Part I Check your progress
11.1 Heterotrophic nutrition
11.2 Food and food substances
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
11.3 Carbohydrates
A. 1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. T
B. 1. F
2. C
3. D
4.
5.
6.
E
B
A
11.4 Fats
11.5 Proteins
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F
11.6 Vitamins
1. T
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. F
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
22
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
11.7 Mineral salts
11.8 Dietary fibres
11.9 Water
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D
11.10 Food tests
(a) Clinistix paper
(b) colour changes from pink to blue
(c) Benedict's test
(d) formation of brick-red precipitate
(e) iodine test
(f) colour changes from brown to blue black
(g) Albustix paper
(h) colour changes from yellow to green
(i) spot test
(j) formation of permanent translucent spot
(k) DCPIP test
(l) the blue DCPIP is decolourised
11.11 The need for a balanced diet
11.12 Food and energy
A. Q
S
R
B.
P
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
F
F
F
T
T
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
23
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
11.13 The health problems resulting from an improper diet
1. C
2.
3.
4.
D
B
A
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
24
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
12 The Human digestive system
Part I Check your progress
12.1 The processes of nutrition in humans
1. C
2. D
3. E
4. B
5. A
12.2 The human digestive system
(a) oesophagus
(b) duodenum
(c) ileum
(d) appendix
(e) colon
(f) rectum
12.3 The teeth
A. Type of tooth
Incisor
Canine
Premolar
Molar
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Shape
Functions in humans
chisel-shaped
pointed
large with uneven surface
large with uneven surface
biting and cutting
tearing
crushing and grinding
crushing and grinding
Number in humans
8
4
8
12
dental formula
enamel
dentine
root
periodontal membran
pulp cavity
12.4 Oral health
12.5 Periodontal disease
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
25
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
12.6 The functions of different parts of the alimentary canal and its associated glands
A. 1. ileum
B.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
salivary glands
stomach
pancreas
rectum
duodenum
liver
gall bladder
oesophagus
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
F
F
T
T
T
F
12.7 Assimilation
1. B
2. A
3.
A
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
26
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
13 The human breathing system
Part I Check your progress
13.1 Gaseous exchange
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. F
6. T
13.2 The general plan of the human breathing system
A.
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. T
B.
(a) vocal cord
(b) trachea
(c) bronchi
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
epiglottis
pleural membrane
diaphragm
rib cage/thoracic basket
13.3 The process of gaseous exchange in the alveoli
(a) The oxygen dissolves in the moisture of the alveoli. It diffuses across the walls of the
alveoli and the capillaries into the blood. It then diffuses through the cell membrane into
the red blood cell.
(b) 1. The walls of the alveoli are very thin which provide a short distance for diffusion of
gases.
2. There are numerous alveoli which provide a large surface area for diffusion of gases.
3. The alveoli are surrounded by a network of capillaries. They provide a rich blood
supply to transport gases to and from the respiratory surface, which maintains a
steep gradient for diffucion.
4. The walls of the alveoli are moist. Thus the oxygen can dissolve in this fluid and
diffuse across the walls of the alveoli. (Any three)
(c) The blood in region A contains more carbon dioxide and less oxygen than that in region
B.
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
27
New Biology — a modern approach
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
13.4 The mechanism of ventilation
1.
(a) A, C
(b)
Location
Intercostal
muscles
Diaphragm
muscles
State
Function
contracted
move ribs and
sternum upwards
and outwards
contracted
flatten the
diaphragm
Resulting
thoracic
volume
increased
Resulting
thoracic
pressure
decreased
Air
movement
Air flows
From the
atmosphere
into the
lungs
The relation of exercise to energy requirement, rate of cellular respiration and ventilation
2.
(a) Student B
(b) No.
(c) (i) increases
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
28
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
(ii) decreases
(iii) Chemoreceptors
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
medulla oblongata
intercostal
deeper
faster
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
29
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
14 The human circulatory system
Part I Check your progress
14.1 Why do we need a circulatory system?
14.2 Blood Vessels
A. 1. F
2. F
3. T
4. T
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B
D
A
C
E
C.
(a) 1.
2.
X:
Y:
muscles and elastic fibres
lining of wall
artery
vein
Z: capillary
(b) to withstand the high pressure of blood
(c) Valves can be found in Y but not in X.
14.3 The heart
1. (a) A. superior vena cava
B. coronary artery
C. aorta
D. pulmonary artery
(b) It carries blood to the heart which supplies the heart with oxygen and nutrients.
(c) The blood in C is oxygenated while that in D is deoxygenated.
(d) left atrium/auricle
right atrium/auricle
left ventricle
right ventricle
(e) (i) bicuspid valve
(ii) tricuspid valve
(iii) heart tendon
It prevents the valves from being turned inside out.
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
30
New Biology — a modern approach
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
2.
(a)
(b) P: aorta
Q: ventricle
R: atrium
14.4 Blood circulation in man
1. F
2.
3.
4.
T
F
F
14.5 What is blood?
1. A, B, C, D
2. C, D
3. B
4. D
5. E
6.
7.
8.
9.
A
A
C
C
14.6 The functions of mammalian blood
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
31
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
14.7 What is the lymphatic system?
1. C
2.
3.
C
A
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
32
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
15 Detecting environmental conditions
Part I Check your progress
15.1 Irritability
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. E
6. F
15.2 The five senses
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. T
7. T
8. F
15.3 The eye
(a) A is eyebrow and B is eyelash.
Eyebrow prevents the sweat on the forehead from going into the eyes.
Eyelash helps to stop dirt from entering the eyes.
(b) Tears moisten eyeball surface.
Tears wash eyeball surface during blinking.
The fluid contains lysozome which kills bacteria. (any two)
15.4 Structure and functions of the eye
1. cornea / lens
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
sclera / aqueous humour and vitreous humour
retina
optic nerve
choroid
yellow spot
blind spot
suspensory ligaments
iris and pupil
visual purple
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
33
New Biology — a modern approach
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
15.5 The control of the amount of light entering the eye
(a) smaller
(b) circular
(c) radial
(d) less
15.6 The accommodation of the eye
A. 1. (a) accommodation
2. (b) ciliary muscles
(c) suspensory ligaments
(d) thicker
B.
(e) retina
(a) Diagram I - long sight
Diagram II - short sight
(b)
Diagram I
Diagram II
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
34
New Biology — a modern approach
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
16 Coordination in humans
Part I
Check your progress
16.1 What is coordination?
A.
1. (a) receptors
(b) effectors
2. (c) nervous
(d) hormonal
B.
(iii)  (iv)  (vi)  (v)  (i)  (ii)
16.2 The general plan for the nervous system
Consists of
(b) brain
(a) Central nervous system
(c) spinal cord
Nervous
system
(d) cranial nerves
Peripheral nervous system
(e) spinal nerves
16.3 Neurones
(a) Motor neurone
(b) A – cytoplasm
B – nucleus
C – axon/nerve fibre D – myelin sheath
(c) D is made of fat. It prevents the spread of nerve impulses and helps to speed up the rate
of transmission of nerve impulses.
(d) X is an effector, e.g. muscle/gland.
16.4 Protection of central nervous system
1. (a) cranium/skull
(b) vertebral column
2. (c) cerebrospinal fluid
(d) nourishing the neurones
(e) protecting the brain from mechanical injury
16.5 The functions of the main parts of the brain
A. 1. F
2. T
3. F
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
35
New Biology — a modern approach
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
B.
4.
5.
F
T
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
T
F
C
B
D
16.6 Structure and functions of the spinal cord
16.7 Reflex action
A. 1. A
2. A
B. (a) The stimulus should be applied on the tendon below the knee cap.
(b)
The leg would give a little kick.
(c)
Stretch receptor  neurone X  neurone Y  thigh muscle.
(d)
Yes, because the nerve impulses are also carried to the brain through another
neural pathway.
(e)
The person could feel the tap but the leg would not kick immediately.
16.8 What are voluntary actions?
Reflex actions
Voluntary actions
(a) Pathway taken by nerve
impulses
not involving cerebrum
involving cerebrum
(b) Is a receptor involved?
yes
may not be involved
not under control of the will
under control of the will
(d) Inborn or not inburn?
inborn
not inborn
(e) Speed of response
faster
slower
always the same
may be different
(c) Control
(f ) Response to the same
stimulus
16.9 Hormonal coordination in humans
16.10 Similarities and differences between hormonal and nervous coordination
A. 1. C
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
36
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
2. C
3. B
B.
1.
2.
3.
3.
4.
F
F
T
T
T
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
37
New Biology — a modern approach
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
17 Locomotion in humans
Part I Check your progress
17.1 Why do animals need a skeleton?
17.2 The human skeleton
A. 1. F
2. T
3. F
4. F
B.
1. B
2.
A
17.3 General plan and functions of the human skeleton
A.
B.
1.
2.
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
rib
skull
sternum
femur
pectoral girdle
knee cap
C
A
D
C
B
A
F
E
D
B
A
C
17.4 Joints
A. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
F
T
F
T
F
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
38
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
B.
New Biology — a modern approach
1. D
2. C
17.5 Muscles
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
F
T
F
F
F
17.6 Locomotion in humans
A.
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. B
B. (a) A is biceps (or flexor) and B is triceps (or extensor).
(b) B contracts and A relaxes.
(c) The hinge joint at the elbow acts as the fulcrum.
The force created by contraction of biceps acts as the effort.
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
39
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
18 Growth responses of green plants (Extension)
Part I Check your progress
18.1 Do plants respond to external stimuli?
18.2 What are tropisms?
A. 1. F
2. F
3. T
4. T
B. 1. A
2.
C
18.3 The growth response of shoots to light
18.4 The growth responses of roots and shoots to gravity
18.5 The growth response of roots to water
A. (a)
phototropism
(b)
gravity
(c)
hydrotropism
B.
1. F
C.
2.
T
3.
T
4.
F
1.
(a)
Clinostat
(b)
Geotropism
(c)
It grows and bends upwards.
(d)
It grows without a change in curvature.
(e)
It cancels out the effect of gravity.
2. (a) Hydrotropism
(b) It avoids the effect of light.
(c) It absorbs water vapour so as to provide a dry environment.
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
40
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
(d)
(e) The effect of hydrotropism is stronger than negative geotropism in roots.
18.6 What are the substances which control growth movements in plants?
18.7 More about auxins
A. 1. F
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. T
B. 1. B
2. B
3. B
18.8 The role of auxins in phototropic and geotropic responses
1. (a) shaded
(b)
illuminated
(c)
towards
(d)
lower
(e )
gravity
(f) inhibits
(g) faster
(h) downwards
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
41
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
19 Homeostasis
Part I Check your progress
19.1 Homeostasis
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
19.2 The urinary system
(a) A is the renal artery because it receives blood from Y which has a thick wall and is an
artery. B is the renal vein because it connects to X which has a thin wall and is a vein.
(b) C is ureter. D is urinary bladder. F is urethra.
D stores urine temporarily.
(c) It contracts most of the time. It relaxes during urination.
19.3 The kidney
1. (a) X is nephron. It consists of a Bowman's capsule, a glomerulus and tubules (or
convolutions) (any two).
(b) A is a collecting duct.
(c) ultrafiltration and reabsorption
2.
(a) glucose, amino acids, urea and salts
(b) The blood in the glomerulus is under high pressure. The substances in (a) are small
enough to pass through the walls of the capillaries and the Bowman's capsule by
ultrafiltration.
(c) Urea is not reabsorbed but most of the water is reabsorbed into the capillaries. As a
result, the concentration of urea increases.
(d) The protein molecules are too large to pass through the walls of the capillaries of
the glomerulus. Thus the concentration of proteins in glomerular filtrate and urine
is zero.
19.4 The functions of the kidney
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
19.5 Regulation of body temperature
1. (a) poikilotherms
(b) fish
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
42
New Biology — a modern approach
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
2.
(c) reptiles
(d) homoiotherms
(e) birds
19.6 The structure and functions of the skin
1. E
2. G
3. H
4. I
5. D
6. C
7.
8.
9.
10.
B
F
J
A
19.7 How do mammals control their body temperature?
A.
B.
C.
When it is hot
When it is cold
1. hairs (lie flat/raised)
lie flat
raised
2. erector muscles (relax/contract)
relax
contract
3. arterioles near the skin surface
vasodilation
vasoconstriction
4. sweating
increases
decreases
5. metabolic rate
decreases
increases
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
T
F
F
T
A
2. A
3. A
19.8 Regulation of glucose level in blood
1. F
2. F
3. F
4. F
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
43
New Biology — a modern approach
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
20 Defence against diseases
Part I Check your progress
20.1 What is a disease?
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. F
20.2 Body defence
Column P
Column Q
Column R
Non-specific defence ●
●
First line of defence
●
●
by white blood cells
●
●
Second line of defence
●
●
by immune system
●
Last line of defence
●
●
by natural barriers
Specific defence
20.3 Non-specific defences
A.
B.
C.
Part of the body
Substance produced
1.
Sebaceous glands
sebum
2.
Eyes
tears
3.
Mouth
saliva
4.
Stomach
5.
Vagina
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
gastric juice
acid
F
T
F
T
A
2. D
3. B
4. B
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
44
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
20.4 Specific defences
A. 1.
F
B.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
C
G
B
E
D
A
B
D
A
20.5 Immunity and vaccination
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. F
5. T
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
45
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
21 Cell division
Part I Check your progress
21.1 Cell division
21.2 Chromosomes
1. (a) parent cell
(b) daughter cells
2. (c) chromatins
3. (d) homologous
4. (e) chromatid
(f)
centromere
21.3 Mitosis
A. (a) (2) → (3) → (1) → (4)
B.
(b)
1.
2.
3.
4.
21.4 Meiosis
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Separation of chromatids
T
F
F
T
F
T
T
F
F
T
F
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
46
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
22 Reproduction
Part I
Check your progress
22.1 What is reproduction?
22.2 Asexual reproduction in bacteria
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
22.3 Asexual reproduction in flowering plants
A.
1. corm
2. bulb
3. tuber
4. rhizome
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
D
B
B
C
22.4 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
A. (a) anther
(b) stigma
(c) pollen tube
(d) style
(e) ovary
B.
1.
2.
B
C
3.
4.
5.
B
B
B
22.5 Fruits and seeds
22.6 The advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction compared with asexual
reproduction in flowering plants
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
47
New Biology — a modern approach
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
A.
B.
Structure
Name
Function
A
seed coat
protects the embryo
B
cotyledon
provides stored food for seed germination
C
plumule
grows and develops into the leafy shoot
D
radicle
grows and develops into the root
1. C
2. C
22.7 Sexual reproduction in humans
A. 1. (a) testis
2. (b) epididymis
3. (c) seminal vesicles
(d) prostate glands
(e) Cowper's glands
4. (f) scrotum
5. (g) urethra
6. (h) ovary
B.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(i) oviduct
(j) uterus
(k) vagina
(l) cervix
(m)
ovulation
(n)
sexual intercourse
(o)
ejaculation
(p)
fertilisation
(q)
menstruation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C
A
D
E
B
22.8 Human embryos
A. 1. T
2. F
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
48
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
3.
4.
B.
New Biology — a modern approach
F
T
5. F
6. F
7. T
8. T
1. A
2. A
22.9 The birth process
22.10 Parental care
A. (iii) → (ii) → (i) → (iv)
B. 1. F
2. F
3. T
22.11 Birth control
1. condom, surgical method
2. surgical method
3. condom, diaphragm
4.
5.
6.
IUD
natural method
condom, diaphragm
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
49
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
23 Growth and development (Extension)
Part I Check your progress
23.1 Growth and development
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. T
23.2 Growth and development in humans
A. 1. D
2. C
3. C
B. 1. F
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. F
6. T
23.3 Seed germination
A. 1. C
2. D
3. D
4. B
B. 1. (a) fresh mass
(b) dry mass
2. (c) starch
(d) cell walls
3.
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
respiration
protein
amino acids
micropyle
23.4 Growth and development in plants
A. 1. A
2. A
3. C
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
50
New Biology — a modern approach
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
B.
4.
1.
B
T
2.
3.
4.
5.
F
F
T
F
23.5 Measurement of growth
A.
Advantage
most accurate method
●
●
size
Disadvantage
●
● kills the organisms
●
●
fresh mass of a plant
●
does not take into
● account of the growth
in other dimensions
quick and more reliable ●
●
dry mass
●
● you have to uproot it
quick and easy
B.
Measuring method
1.
2.
3.
Measuring height / weight
Measuring dry mass / height
Measuring height / girth / area occupied
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
51
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
24 Genetics
Part I
Check your progress
24.1 What is genetics?
24.2 Genes and inheritance
1. (a) heredity
2. (b) variation
3. (c) genetics
4. (d) homologous
5. (e) DNA
6.
(f) deoxyribose sugar
(g) phosphoric acid
(h) double helix
(i) organic bases
(j) alleles
24.3 The pattern of inheritance
A. 1. D
2. E
3. A
4. H
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
B. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B
I
C
F
G
C
D
A
C
B
6. D
7. A
8. D
24.4 Variations
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. C
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
52
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
6.
New Biology — a modern approach
D
24.5 Inherited disorders in humans
1. D
2. A
3. A
24.6 Genetic engineering
1. F
2. F
3. T
4.
F
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
53
Answer to Continuous Evaluation
New Biology — a modern approach
25 Evolution (Extension)
Part I Check your progress
25.1 What is evolution?
25.2 Evidences for evolution – fossil records
A. 1. T
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
A
D
B
25.3 General plan and functions of the human skeleton
A. 1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
B.
5.
1.
2.
3.
T
D
A
B
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007
54