GREECE: THEY INVENTED A LOT MORE THAN THE OLYMPICS
1) The history of Western civiization began in ancient _______________. For a brief golden Age,
___________________ B.C., an explosion of creativity resulted in an unparalleled level of
excellence in ____________________, ____________________, ______________,
___________________, ___________________, ___________________, ___________________, _______________,
____________________, ______________________.
2) Greek philosophy was summed up in the words of ___________________________; “Man is
___________________________________.” This, combined with other philosophers’ emphasis on
______________ inquiry and challenging the status quo, create a society of
___________________________ and ___________________________ risk- takers.
3) Just as man’s ____________________ and ______________________ were central Greek concepts, the
______________________ was the principal motif in Greek art.
4) What three aspects of balance are similar in both Greek philosophy and Greek art?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5) PAINTING: The Greeks were skilled painters. According to literary sources, Greek artists
achieved a breakthrough in realistic _____________________ effects. Their paintings were so
lifelike that _____________________________________________________________.
6) VASE PAINTING – What did vase painting tell stories about?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exekias, “Dionysus in a Sailboat” (550-521 B.C.)
Describe this vase: ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. What was the earliest vase painting design called? (800 B.C.)
________________________ Why was it called that?
______________________________________________________________________
8. The later _____________________ Period was the great age of vase painting. In the black figured
style at the outset of this period, ________________ forms stood out against a ________________ clay
background. The artist _______________________ in details with a ________________, to expose the
_______________________ beneath.
9. How did the red-figure style reverse this process?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. SCULPTURE: THE BODY BEAUTIFUL: The Greeks invented the ________________ in art. The ideal
________________ of their statues represented the perfection of both __________________ (through athletic
endeavor) and _______________ (through intellectual debate).
11. The Greeks tried to synthesize passion and reason, how does
the sculpture to the right show both of these concepts?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
12. Describe how Greek sculptures looked back then:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
13. Although ___________________ nudity was always acceptable in
sculpture, the representation of ___________ images evolved from
fully ______________ to sensually ___________________.
14. Define the term “contraposto.”
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
15. ARCHITECTURE FIT FOR THE GODS. Greek culture
influenced the art and architecture of every subsequent
(following) period of Western civilization, but most especially the
____________________________.
“Nike of Samothrace”
16. Architects intended the brilliant white marble _________________________ to be the ultimate expression
of ____________________________________.
17. What was the Parthenon’s perfection due to?
_________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
18. WHO WAS WHO IN ANCIENT GREECE?
Ancient Greece is best known for its philosophers _________________________________________, playwrights
_________________________________________, and mathematicians ________________________.
Some of the leading artists were:
a) ____________ (500-432 B.C.) most famous Athenian ___________overseer of
_____________________________ statuary, first used __________________ to reveal body
b) _____________________ (active 450-420 B.C.) rival of ________________, wrote book on
________________________: most celebrated work ______________________________________________.
c) __________________________(activate mid 4th century B.C.) Athenian _____________________ famous for
first entirely nude _________________ statue; introduced _______________________
19. ARCHITECTURE FOR THE AGES: How did the Parthenon inspire the temple format of Thomas
Jeffersons’s Virginia Capital and Michael Grave’s “Clos Pegase Winery?”
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
20. GREEK ARCHITECTURE: A PRIMER . Monuments were treated by the Greeks as ___________________
and were built with the same rules of ____________________ and ideal _______________________. The most
common locations for sculpture were the ______________________ pediments and horizontal
____________________. During the Classic period, features on faces were _______________, giving rise to the
term ____________________________.
21. Describe an example of the Severe Style in the Temple of Zeus:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
22. Sculpted figures on a building’s pediment often protruded sharply from their background stone,
which was painted ___________________________. Even though the backs of figures could not be seen,
because of the Greek obsession with _______________________________ they were nearly finished.
23. Describe the following “orders”:
a) Doric order: _____________________________________
_______________________________________________________
b) Ionic order:
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
c) Corinthian order:
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
24. SUMMARY GREEK ART:
a) GOLDEN AGE: ____________________________________________
b) PHILOSOPHY: ____________________________________________
c) MOST FAMOUS WORK: __________________________________
d) MOST FAMOUS BUILDING:______________________________
e) CHARACTERISTIC FORM:
________________________________________________________________________
f) SIGNATURE CITY: _______________________________________________________________________
g) MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS: _______________________________________________________________________
25. GREEK ART STYLES:
A) GEOMETRIC ART ( 9TH -8TH CENTURY B.C.) _____________________________________________________
B) ARCHAIC ART (600-480 B.C.) __________________________________________________________________
C) KOUROS ( ___________________)/ KORE (_____________________) EARLIEST (625-480 B.C.)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
D) SEVERE STYLE _______________________________________________________________________
E) CLASSICAL ART (480-323 B.C.) ________________________________________________________________
F) HELLENISTIC ART (323-31 B.C.) _______________________________________________________________
GREECE: THEY INVENTED A LOT MORE THAN THE OLYMPICS
***ANSWERS
1) The history of Western civiization began in ancient GREECE For a brief golden Age, 480430 B.C., an explosion of creativity resulted in an unparalleled level of excellence in ART,
ARCHITECTURE, POETRY, DRAMA, PHILOSOPHY, GOVERNMENT, LAW, LOGIC,
HISTORY, MATHEMATICS.
2) Greek philosophy was summed up in the words of _PROTAGORAS “Man is THE MEASURE
OF ALL THINGS ” This, combined with other philosophers’ emphasis on RATIONAL inquiry
and challenging the status quo, create a society of INTELLECTUAL and ARTISTIC risktakers.
3) Just as man’s DIGNITY and WORTH were central Greek concepts, the HUMAN FIGURE
was the principal motif in Greek art.
4) What three aspects of balance are similar in both Greek philosophy and Greek art?
HARMONY, ORDER, AND CLARITY OF THOUGHT
5) PAINTING: The Greeks were skilled painters. According to literary sources, Greek artists
achieved a breakthrough in realistic TROMPE L’OEIL effects. Their paintings were so lifelike
that _BIDS PECKED MURALS OF PAINTED FRUIT
6) VASE PAINTING – What did vase painting tell stories about?
VASE PAINTING TOLD STORIES ABOUT GODS AND HEROES OF GREEK MYTHS AS WELL
AS SUCH CONTEMPORARY SUBJECTS AS WARFARE AND DRINKING PARTIES
Exekias, “Dionysus in a Sailboat” (550-521 B.C.)
Describe this vase: _FROM THE ARCHAIC PERIOD, THIS SCENE
MAY BE THE EARLIEST INSTANCE IN WHICH AN OBJECT (THE
SAIL) WAS PRESENTED REALISITCALLY RATHER THAN IN SOME
STYLIZED MANNER.
- FISH SURROUNDED BOAT WITH MAN IN IT. TREE GROWS UP
FROM CENTER OF THE BOAT
7. What was the earliest vase painting design called? (800 B.C.) GEOMETRIC STYLE Why was
it called that? THE FIGURES AND ORNAMENTS WERE PRIMARILY GEOMETRIC SHAPES
8. The later ARCHAIC Period was the great age of vase painting. In the black figured style at
the outset of this period, BLACK forms stood out against a REDDISH clay background. The
artist SCRATCHED in details with a NEEDLE to expose the RED beneath.
9. How did the red-figure style reverse this process?
STARTED AROUND 530 B.C. THE FIGURES, ON A BLACK BACKGROUND, WERE COMPOSED
OF NATURAL RED CLAY WITH DETAILS PAINTED IN BLACK.
10. SCULPTURE: THE BODY BEAUTIFUL: The Greeks invented the _NUDE in art. The ideal
PROPORTIONS of their statues represented the perfection of both BODY (through athletic endeavor)
and MIND (through intellectual debate).
11. The Greeks tried to synthesize passion and reason, how does
the sculpture to the right show both of these concepts?
- THROUGH THE ARTISTIC PORTRYAL OF THE HUMAN FORM IN
MOTION
-SHOWN THROUGH THE POSITION OF THE BODY AND
DRAPERY (FABRIC FOLDED OVER THE BODY- WIND AND
MOVEMENT)
12. Describe how Greek sculptures looked back then:
WERE NOT THE BLEACHED WHITE MARBLE WE ASSOCIATE
WITH CLASSICAL SCULPTURE TODAY
THE MARBLE WAS EMBELLISHED WITH COLOURED ENCAUSTIC,
A MIXTURE OF POWDERED PIGMENT AND HOT WAX APPLIED
TO HAIR, LIPS, EYES AND NAILS OF THE FIGURE
13. Although MALE nudity was always acceptable in sculpture,
the representation of _FEMALE images evolved from fully
CLOTHED to sensually NUDE
14. Define the term “contraposto.”
“Nike of Samothrace”
PRINCIPLE OF WEIGHT SHIFT, IN WHICH THE WEIGHT OF THE
BODY RESETED ON ONE LEG WITH THE BODY RE-ALIGNED
ACCORDINGLY, GIVING THE ILLUSION OF A FIGURE IN ARRESTED MOTION
15. ARCHITECTURE FIT FOR THE GODS. Greek culture influenced the art and architecture of every
subsequent (following) period of Western civilization, but most especially the RENAISSANCE
16. Architects intended the brilliant white marble _PARTHENON to be the ultimate expression of
ATHENS’ GRANDEUR
17. What was the Parthenon’s perfection due to?
BARELY PERCEIPTIBLE DEPARTURES FROM
STRAIGHT LINES
- COLUMNS CURVE SLIGHTLY INWARD AND
THE ENTABLATURES AND STEPPED PLATFORM
ARE BARELY ARCHED – THESE “REFINEMENTS”
BENT STRAIGHT LINES TO GIVE THE ILLUSION
OF UPWARD THRUST AND SOLID SUPPORT
FOR THE CENTRAL MASS.
18. WHO WAS WHO IN ANCIENT GREECE?
Ancient Greece is best known for its philosophers SOCRATES, PLATO, ARISTOTLE playwrights
AESCHYLUS, ARISTOPHONES, EURIPIDES, SOPHOCLES and mathematicians EUCLID AND
PYTHAGORAS
Some of the leading artists were:
a) PHIDIAS (500-432 B.C.) most famous Athenian _SCULPTOR overseer of PARTHENON
statuary, first used DRAPERY to reveal body
b) _POLYKLEITOS (active 450-420 B.C.) rival of _PHIDIAS wrote book on PROPORTION : most
celebrated work _COLOSSAL GOLD AND IVORY STATUE OF HERA AT ARGOS
c) PRAXITELES activate mid 4th century B.C.) Athenian __SCULPTOR famous for first entirely
nude APHRODITE statue; introduced MORE SENSUAL, NATURAL CONCEPT OF PHYSICAL
BEAUTY
19. ARCHITECTURE FOR THE AGES: How did the Parthenon inspire the temple format of Thomas
Jeffersons’s Virginia Capital and Michael Grave’s “Clos Pegase Winery?”
1: CAPITAL OF VIRGINIA- CURVED COLUMNS, SIMILAR PEDIMENT
2: CLOS PEGASE WINERY: COLUMN IN CENTER CURVES INWARD, OPEN SPACE PEDIMENT CUTOUT, BOX LIKE STRUCTURE
20. GREEK ARCHITECTURE: A PRIMER . Monuments were treated by the Greeks as _LARGE
SCULPTURE and were built with the same rules of SYMMETRY and ideal PROPORTIONS The most
common locations for sculpture were the TRIANGULAR pediments and horizontal FRIEZE During the
Classic period, features on faces were _IMPASSIVE giving rise to the term SEVERE STYLE
21. Describe an example of the Severe Style in the Temple of Zeus:
REGARDLESS OF VIOLENT EVENTS DEPICTED, FACES SHOWED LITTLE EXPRESSION EG. TEMPLE OF
ZEUS – WOMAN SEEMED LOST IN THOUGHT AS SHE ALMOST INCIDENTALLY, REMOVED A
DRUNKEN CENTAURI’S HAND FROM HER BREAST
22. Sculpted figures on a building’s pediment often protruded sharply from their background stone,
which was paintedRED OR BLUE Even though the backs of figures could not be seen, because of the
Greek obsession with COMPLETENESS AND HARMONY they were nearly finished.
23. Describe the following “orders”:
a) Doric order: ALL STANDARD COMPONENTS OF A DORIC
TEMPLE, VERY PLAIN/ MAINLAND GREECE
b) Ionic order:
FOUND IN ASIA MINOR AND AEGEAN
CURVED SCROLL LIKE CAPITAL
c) Corinthian order:
COLUMNS TOPPED BY STYLIZED LEAVES OF THE
ACONTHUS PLANT: DEVELOPED MUCH LATER
24. SUMMARY GREEK ART:
a) GOLDEN AGE: 480-430 BC.
b) PHILOSOPHY: _MODERATION IN ALL
c) MOST FAMOUS WORK: ____WINGED VICTORY
d) MOST FAMOUS BUILDING:___PARTHENON_
e) CHARACTERISTIC FORM: ___MALE NUDE
f) SIGNATURE CITY: ____ATHENS
g) MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS: ___DEMOCRACY, INDIVIDUALISM, REASON
25. GREEK ART STYLES:
A) GEOMETRIC ART ( 9TH -8TH CENTURY B.C.) __POTTERY ORNAMENTED WITH
GEOMETRIC BANDING AND FRIEZES OF SIMPLIFIED ANIMALS, HUMANS
B) ARCHAIC ART (600-480 B.C.) _KOUROS STONE FIGURES AND VASE PAINTING
C) KOUROS ( MALE NUDE YOUTH KORE (_CLOTHED MAIDEN EARLIEST (625-480 B.C.)
FREE STANDING STATUES OF HUMAN FIGURES; FRONTAL STANCE, LEFT FOOT
FORWARD, CLENCHED FISTS AND GRIMACE KNOWN AS “ARCHAIC SMILE”
D) SEVERE STYLE ___EARLY PHASE CLASSICAL SCULPTURE: RESERVED, REMOTE
EXPRESSIONS
E) CLASSICAL ART (480-323 B.C.) ___PEAK OF GREEK ART AND ARCHITECTURE, IDEALIZED
FIGURES EXEMPLIFY ORDER AND HARMONY
F) HELLENISTIC ART (323-31 B.C.) _____GREEK-DERIVED STYLE, FOUND IN ASIA MINOR,
MESOPOTAMIA, EGYPT; MORE MELODRAMATIC (AS IN LAOCOON, 50B.C.) THAN
CLASSICAL STYLE