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Tropical Biomedicine 2: 149-160(1985)
A revised checklist of the Philippine mosquitoes
M. Tsukamoto1,1. Miyagi2 and T. Toma2
2
Department of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health,
Kitakyushu 807, Japan
Laboratory of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa
903-01, Japan
Abstract. A revised checklist of 309 taxa (including unknown species) of Philippine mosqui1981-1982
toes is compiled from various sources including additional materials from
found
mosquito surveys in the Philippines. In total, nearly 40% of the mosquito fauna listed
only in the Philippines, such endemicity is conspicuous especially for the genera Tripteroides
(94%) and Zeugnomyia (75%) and the subgenera Finlaya (78%) and Armigeres (60%).
INTRODUCTION
(Miyagi et al., unpublished data), and some
unknown species. Therefore, these new
materials should also be included. As Basic’s
1971 checklist is about 15 years old, "it
obviously needs updating. The present checklist incorporates the information that has
become available since Basic’s publication.
Such a checklist would greatly facilitate
researchers and other personnel who deal
directly or indirectly with the Philippine
As part of the overseas research activities on
phylogenic studies of mosquito fauna in
Southeast Asia mosquito surveys in the Philippines were carried out by a Japanese research
team in cooperation with the Malaria Eradication Service, Ministry of Health, Republic of
the Philippines in 1981-1982. A previous
checklist of Philippine mosquitoes listed a
total of 260 mosquito species (and subspecies)
(Basio, 1971). Additional taxonomic treatments of species, such as synonymy, elevation
to valid species, transfer to another genus or
subgenus, and new distribution records have
been reported by various investigators. Some
of these changes are introduced and cited in a
catalogue of the world mosquitoes (Knight &
Stone, 1977) and its supplements (Knight,
1978; Ward, 1984). These references are
useful and important for surveys but the
world catalogue is too bulky and inconvenient
for quick retrieval of .information on Philippine mosquitoes. In addition, there are several
new taxonomic treatments and new records of
the Philippine mosquitoes by various authors
(Abercrombie, 1977; Baisas, 1974; Huang,
1978a. 1979;Mattingley, 1981;Peyton, 1972,
1977; Reinert, 1973a, b, 1974, 1976, 1982;
Sirivanakarn, 1972,1973a, b, 1976,1977).
Our field surveys in the Philippines resulted
in the collection of 135 taxa including 3 new
species, Culex azurini, Topomyia cabrerai and
Tripteroides riverai (Miyagi et al., 1983b, c;
Toma etal., 1984), 5 new distribution records
mosquitoes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Mosquito species are arranged taxonomically
from the Genera Anopheles to Toxorhynchites in order of subfamilies, tribes, and
genera. For ease in retrieval, an arrangement
of subgenera, species and/or subspecies within
each genus is based on alphabetical order
rather than taxonomic relationships is used.
Mosquito surveys were carried out mainly
in Puerto Princesa and Iwahig on Palawan
Island, near Tuguegarao on Luzon Island and
in Mt. Apo and Davao on Mindanao Island in
1981
1982. Our own collections and a
preliminary list of Philippine mosquitoes
based on Basio (1971), Knight & Stone
(1977), Knight (1978) and Ward (1984) are
major sources of the present list.
For the distribution of mosquitoes in the
Philippines, the name of islands instead of
provinces (adopted by Basio, 1971) is used.
When a mosquito species is widely distributed
throughout the country, the sign (W) is used
149
r
for convenience to avoid listing so many
names of islands. The italic names of the
islands indicate the type localities of the
species. An asterisk against the mosquito
name indicates that it is an endemic species of
the Philippines.
to (Eumelanomyia); Cx. brevipalpis: (Neoculex) to (Eumelanomyia); Tp. nepenthicola:
(Rachionotomyia) to (Tricholeptomyia); Tp.
mabini: (Rachisoura) to (Tripteroides); Tp.
rozeboomi: {Tripteroides) to (Rachionotomyia); Tp. apoensis, barraudi, belkini,
christophersi, delpilari, microcala, roxasi and
women: (Triperoides) to (Tricholeptomyia).
In the case of Ae. (Adm.) vexans nocturnus, Reinert (1973b) synonymised it with
vexans but Lee et al. (1982) treated it as a
valid species. Here we tentatively consider
nocturnus as a subspecies of vexans according
to Basio (1971). Cx. (Neo.) nematoides was
adopted by Basio (1971) probably by mistake
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
To the Philippine mosquito fauna of 260
species (and subspecies) listed by Basio
(1971), 49 species are newly added but 20
taxa are changed from his list because of
changes in taxonomic position as shown in
Table 1. In addition, subgeneric changes of
Table 1.
^
Main taxonomic changes* in the name of Philippine mosquitoes
Names used by Basio (1971)
Updated names
An. (Ano.) insulaeflorum
An. (Ano.) pilinotum
An. (Cel.) ludlowae
An. (Cel.) flavirostris
An.
An.
An.
An.
(Cel.) ludlowae cabrerai
(Cel.) minimus flavirostris
(Cel.) subpictus indefinitus
(Cel.) vagus limostis
An.^Cel.) indefinitus
An. (Cel.) limosus
Ae. (Adm.) mindoroensis
Ae.
Ae.
Ae.
Ae.
Ae.
Ae.
(Adm.) lowisii
(Die.) meronephada
(Can.) curtipes
(Chr.) ibis
(Fin.) flavipennis
(Muc.) quadripunctis
Ae. (Ver.) adustus
Cx. (Eum.) hinglungensis
Cx. (Eum.) cataractarum
Ae. (Adm.) wainwrighti
Ae. {Can.} miachaetessus
Ae. (Chr.) brayi
Ae. (Fin.) aranetanus
Ae. (Muc.) aurantis quadripunctis
Ae. (Nma.) andamanensis
Cx. (Moc.) culionicus
Cx. (Moc.) tficontus
Fi. (Eto.) elegans
Fi. (Eto.) luzonensis
Fi. (Rav.) deguzmanae
Or. maculipes
Ur. philippinensis
Ur. tubanguii
Changes only in the subgeneric
Mi. (Eto.) elegans
Mi. (Eto.) luzonensis
Mi. (Ing.) deguzmanae
Or. anopheloides
Ur. (Pfc.) obscura and Ur. (Pfc.)
confusa
Ur. (Pfc.) modesta
are not included (see text).
nearly 35 taxa are treated without changes
of the species names as follows:
Ae. aurotaeniatus: (Paraedes) to (Belkinius);
Ae. platylepidus: (Diceromyia) to (Stegomyia); Ae. amesii and fumidus: (Skusea) to
(Lorrainea); Ae. meronephada: (Stegomyia)
to (Diceromyia); Ae. campylostylus, dux,
hamistylus, johonsoni, macrodixoa, margarsen, nigrotarsis, nubicolus, philippinensis,
rohertsi, and uncus: (Neomacleaya) to (Verrallina); Ae. imprimens: (Neomelaniconion)
to (Edwardsaedes); Cx. foliatus, latifoliatus,
laureli, uncinatus and yeageri: (Mocthogenes)
(Knight &.Stone, 1977), and hence the name
is deleted here from the list.
Three new species (Miyagi, 1980; Miyagi
et al., 1983a, b, c; Toma et al.. 1984) and 5
new distribution records obtained from our
surveys (Miyagi
et al.. unpublished data) are
included in the present list, and a total of
more than 40 islands are supplemented as
additional localities (enclosed by
in Table
2).
Of the valid taxa (and some unknown
species) listed in Table 2 there are 309 species
belonging to 18 genera: 41 species of the
150
Table 2.
An updated checklist of the Philippine mosquitoes
Genus (Subgenus) species
Distribution in the Philippines
Subfamily ANOPHELINAE
Anopheles (Anopheles)
1.
acaci Balsas, 1946
2.
aitkenii James, 1903
3.
baezai Gater, 1933
4.
balerensis Mendoza, 1947
5.
bengalensis Puri, 1930
6.
ejercitoi Mendoza, 1947
7.
fragilis (Theobald, 1903)
8.
*franciscoi Reid, 1962
9.
*gigas formosus Ludlow, 1909
10.
lesteri Baisas & Hu, 1936
11.
*lindesayi benguetensis King, 1931
12.
*manalangi Mendoza, 1940
13.
peditaeniatus (Leicester, 1908)
14.
pilinotum Harrison & Scanlon, 1974
15.
pseudobarbirosiris Ludlow, 1902
16.
*pseudosinensis Baisas, 1935
17.
*samarensis Rozeboom, 1951
18.
umbrosus (Theobald, 1903)
19.
vanus Walker, 1859
Luzon
(W)
Palawan, (W)
Luzon
Luzon, Palawan, Mindanao
Luzon
(W)
Palawan, Luzon, [Mindanao]
Luzon
Luzon, [Palawan]
Luzon, Mindanao
Luzon, Mindanao, [Palawan]
Luzon, [Palawan]
Luzon, Palawan, Negros, Mindanao
Luzon, (W)
Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao
Samar
Philippines [Knight & Stone, 1977]
Luzon, Mindanao, [Palawan]
Anopheles (Cellia)
20.
annularis Van derWulp, 1884
21.
balabacensis Baisas, 1936
22.
*b. baisasi Colless, 195 7
23.
cristatus King & Baisas, 1936
24.
filipinae Manalang, 1930
(W)
Balabac, Palawan, Negros
Luzon
25.
flavirostris (Ludlow, 1914)
Luzon, (W)
26.
hackeri Edwards, 1921
indefmitus (Ludlow, 1904)
karwari (James, 1902)
kochi Doenitz, 1901
*kolambuganensis Baisas, 1932
limosus King, 1932
litoralis King, 1932
ludlowae (Theobald, 1903)
maculatus Theobald, 1901
*mangyanus (Banks, 1906)
Palawan
Luzon, Palawan
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
’32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
3839.
40
41.
Mindanao
Luzon.
(W)
(W)
(W)
Mindanao
Luzon, (W)
Luzon. (W)
Luzon, (W)
(W)
Mindoro, (W)
parangensis (Ludlow, 1914)
Mindanao, (W)
philippinensis Ludlow, 1902
*riparis King & Baisas, 1936
subpictus Grassi, 1899
tessellatus Theobald, 1901
vagus Doenitz, 1902
Luzon, (W)
Mindanao, [Palawan]
(W)
(W)
(W)
Subfamily CULICINAE
Aedeomoyia (Aedeomyia)
42.
catasticta Knab, 1909
Luzon, (W)
Aedes(Aedimorphus)
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
alboscutellatus (Theobald, 1905)
caecus (Theobald, 1901)
(W)
Palawan, Mindoro
*davidi Basio,I971
towisii (Theobald, 1910)
Luzon
pampangensis (Ludlow, 1905)
punctifemoris (Ludlow, 1921)
vexans noctumus (Theobald, 1903)
Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Leyte
Luzon
Mindoro
(W)
151
Aedes
(Belkinius)
Aedes
51.
52.
53.
Negros, Mindoro
*aurotaeniatits Edwards, 1922
50.
(Cancraedes)
curtipes Edwards, 1915
masculinus Mattingly, 1958
Palawan, Luzon
*palawanicus Mattingly, 1958
Palawan
Palawan
Aedes (Christophersiomyia)
54.
ibis Barraud, 1931
Luzon
Aedes (Diceromyia)
Aedes
Luzon,(W)
*meronephada (Dyar & Shannon, 1925)
55.
(Edwardsaedes)
56.
Palawan, Mindoro, Mindanao
imprimens (Walker, 1860)
Aedes (Finlaya)
57.
*ananae Knight & Laffoon, 1946
*banksi Edwards, 1922
58.
*croceus Knight & Laffoon, 1946
59.
60.
flavipennis (Giles, 1904)
Parpen Knight, 1948
61.
62.
fugraensis (Leicester, 1908)
*lacteus Knight, 1946
63.
*laoagensis Knight, 1946
64.
*leucomeres (Giles, 1904)
65.
*leucopleurus Rozeboom, 1946
66.
*luteus (Ludlow, 1905)
67.
*luzonensis Rozeboom, 1946
68.
69.
*medleri Knight & Laffoon, 1946
Samar, Luzon, Leyte, [Mindanao]
Luzon. Mindoro, [Mindanao]
Luzon
Luzon,(W)
Luzon
Balabac, [Palawan]
Balabac, Mindanao
Luzon
Luzon
Palawan, Culion
Luzon
Luzon, [Palawan]
Jinamoc, Luzon, Samar, Calicoan, Leyte,
Mindanao
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
Aedes
80.
*melanopterus (Giles, 1904)
Luzon, Palawan, [Mindanao]
1903)
*paradissimilis Rozeboom, 1946
poicilius (Theobald, 1903)
*rizali (Banks, 1906)
Samar, Luzon, Palawan
niveus (Ludlow,
Balabac, Palawan, Calicoan, Leyte
(W)
Negros, Mindanao, Luzon, Samar, Leyte
Luzon, [Palawan]
*saperoi Knight, 1946
saxicola Edwards, 1922
Palawan
*sherki Knight, 1947
Luzon, Mindoro
*sorsogonensis Banez & Jueco, 1966
*stonei Knight & Laffoon, 1946
Luzon
Samar, Leyte
(Geoskusea)
Palawan, Mindanao, Mindoro, Samar
baisasi Knight&Hull, 1951
Aedes (lorrainea)
81.
amesii (Ludlow, 1903)
Samar, Calamian, Leyte, Mindanao,
Luzon
82.
Culion, Luzon
fumidus Edwards, 1928
Aedes (Mucidus)
83.
*ferinus Knight, 1947
84.
laniger (Wiedemann, 1820)
85.
*quadripunctis (Ludlow, 1910)
Mindanao, Leyte, Luzon
Mindanao, Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan
Mindanao, Tawi-Tawi, Leyte, Palawan.
Aedes (Neomelaniconion)
86.
lineatopennis (Ludlow, 1905)
Luzon, (W)
Aedes
87.
88.
(Ochlerotatus)
Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao
Mindoro, Panay, Mindanao, Luzon
rigi7ax(Skuse,1889)
*r. ludlowae (Blanchard, 1905)
152
Aedes (ParaedeS)
89.
90.
1908)
*pa^-(Ludlow, 1911)
ostentatio (Leicester,
Palawan, Mindoro, Mindanao, Luzon
Mindanao, Leyte, Mindoro
Aedes (Rhinoskusea)
91.
longirostns (Leicester, 1908)
92.
wardi Reinert,1976
Aedes (Stegomyia)
93.
aegypti (Linnaeus,
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109
Luzon, Sulu Archipelago
Luzon, (W)
1762)
(Cosmotropical)
Balabac, Palawan, Luzon, Samar, Mindanao
albolineatus (Theobald, 1904)
albopictus (Skuse, 1894)
alcasidi Huang, 1972
*arboricola Knight & Rozeboom, 1946
*bambusicola Knight & Rozeboom, 1946
*boharti Knight & Rozeboom, 1946
desmotes (Giles, 1904)
gardnerii (Ludlow, 1905)
*hoogstraali Knight & Rozeboom, 1946
impatibilis (Walker, 1859)
^laffoom Knight & Rozeboom, 1946
mediopunctatus (Theobald, 1905)
paullusi Stone & Farner, 1945
(W)
Luzon, (W)
Samar
Culion
(W)
Luzon, Negros, Palawan, Leyte, [Mindanao]
Mindoro, (W)
Luzon, Mindoro
Mindoro
Mindanao, [Palawan
Luzon, Palawan
Samar, Leyte, Mindoro, Palawan, Sangir,
Caiicoan, Mindanao, Jolo
Palawan, Balabac, Basilan
platylepidus Knight & Hull, 1951
*rimandoi Basic, 1971
Luzon
(W)
scutellaris (Walker, 1859)
Aedes(Verrallina)
110.
111.
adustus Laffoon, 1946
butleri Theobald, 1901
Balabac
Leyte, Culion, Palawan, Basbas
112.
campylostylus Laffoon, 1946
Palawan, Balabac, Mindoro, Luzon, Leyte,
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
dux Dyar & Shannon, 1925
Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, Leyte, Samar
Balabac, [Palawan], Mindoro
Mindanao
119.
120.
hamistylus Laffoon, 1946
*johnsoni Laffoon, 1946
*macrodixoa Dyar & Shannon, 1925
*margarsen Dyar & Shannon, 1925
nigrotarsis (Ludlow, 1908)
Mindanao, Basilan, Leyte
Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, Leyte
Luzon, Mindoro, Basilan, Mindanao, Leyte
Luzon, Samar, Jinamoc, Leyte, Mindanao
nubicolus Laffoon, 1946
panayensis Ludlow, 1914
Mindanao
Panay, Caiicoan, Culion, Palawan, Balabac,
Mindanao, Basbas, Joro, Samar
121.
122.
*philippmensisDQlfina<lo, 1968
Leyte
*robertsi Laffoon, 1946
Leyte
123.
uncus
(Theobald, 1901)
Balabac, Palawan, Culion, Mindanao
Armigeres (Armigeres)
124.
apoensis Bohart & Farner, 1944
125.
aureolineatus (Leicester, 1908)
126.
*azurini Basic, 1971
127.
*baisasi Stone & Thurman, 1958
128.
*ejercitoi Baisas, 1935
129.
*joloensis (Ludlow, 1904)
130.
131.
132
133.
Mindanao
Palawan
Luzon
Leyte, (W)
Mindanao, Luzon
Jolo, (W)
(W)
Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, [Palawan]
Palawan
Palawan, Luzon, Samar, Mindanao, Jolo
malayi (Theobald, 1901)
*manalangi Baisas, 1935
*setifer Delfinado, 1966
subalbatus (Coquillett, 1898)
Armigeres (Leicesteria)
134.
digitatus (Edwards, 1914)
135.
flavus (Leicester, 1908)
136.
magnus (Theobald, 1908)
Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, Luzon, [Palawan]
Luzon
Mindoro, Luzon, Mindanao
153
137.
138.
Mindoro
omissus (Edwards, 1914)
[Palawan] [New record]
pectinatus (Edwards, 1914)
Heizmannia
scwri/tonsLudlow, 1905
139.
Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan, Mindanao
Zeugnomyia
140.
141.
142.
143.
Mindanao
Mindanao
*aguilari Balsas & Feliciano, 1953
*fajardoi Baisas& Feliciano, 1953
gracilis Baisas, 1946
Luzon
Mindanao, Luzon
*lawtom Baisas, 1946
Culex(Culex)
144.
145.
a//s Theobald, 1903
146.
147.
148.
annulus Theobald, 1901
bitaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901
edwardsi Barraud, 1923
^fasyi Baisas, 1938
fuscocephala Theobald, 1907
gelidus Theobald, 1901
hutchinsoni Barraud, 1924
incognitas Baisas, 1938
infula Theobald, 1901
*luzonensis Sirivanakarn, 1976
mimulus Edwards, 1915
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
Luzon, Samar
Luzon, Catanduane, Samar, Leyte,
Mindanao, Panay
Luzon, Palawan, Samar, Leyte, Calicoan
(W)
Luzon
Luzon
(W)
(W)
annulirostris Skuse, 1889
Luzon
Luzon, (W)
(W)
Luzon
Basilan, Jolo, Mindanao, Leyte,
Palawan, Balabac
Balabac, Luzon
orientalis Edwards, 1921
perplexus Leicester, 1908
*philippinensis Sirivanakarn, 1976
pipiens quinquefasciatus Say, 1823
pseudovishnui Colless, 1957
sinensis Theobald, 1903
sitiefis Wiedemann, 1828
tritaemorhynchus Giles, 1901
vishnui Theobald, 1901
white! Barraud, 1923
whitmorei (Giles, 1904)
[Palawan] [New record]
Luzon, Samar, Mindanao
(Cosmotropical)
(W)
Luzon, Samar
(W)
(W)
(W)
Luzon,Leyte
Luzon, Mindoro, Leyte, Samar,
sp. [Cx. barraudfi, small ground pool, Mt. Apo,
ca. 2000 m elevation]
sp. [Cx. diengensis’!, ground pool, Mt. Apo,
1500 elevation]
Culex (Culiciomyia)
*azurini Toma, Miyagi & Cabrera, 1984
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
177.
178.
sp. [Cx. bailyH, artificial containers,
175.
176.
[Mindanao]
{Palawan
Sangir, Tawi-Tawi
Samar, (W)
*delfmadoae Sirivanakarn, 1973
fragilis Ludlow, 1903
nigropunctatus Edwards, 1926
pallidothorax Theobald, 1905
papuensis (Taylor, 1914)
scanloni Bram, 1967
spathifurca (Edwards, 1915)
[Mindanao]
[Mindanao]
(W)
(W)
Mindanao, Palawan
Luzon, Mindoro, [Palawan]
Abuyog, Jinamoc, Leyte, Calicoan,
Mindanao, Mindoro, [Palawan]
[Mindanao]
Mt. Apo, 1500-2000 m elevation]
Culex (Eumelanomyia)
179.
*baisasi Sirivanakarn, 1972
brevipalpis (Giles, 1902)
180.
181.
cataractarum Edwards, 1923
Mindanao, Samar
Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, Palawan
Luzon
154
182.
183.
foliatus Brig, 1932
hinglungensis Chu, 1957
184.
185.
natifoiiatus Delfinado, 1966
186.
187.
188.
189.
(W)
Mindoro, Culion, Palawan
Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan
Mindanao, (W)
naiireli Baisas, 1935
okinawae Bohart, 1953
*uncinatus Delfinado, 1966
Luzon
Samar
*yeageri Baisas, 1935
*sp. [Sirivanakarn, 1972; Philippine form similar to
Cx. malayi}
Culex (Lophoceraomyia)
190.
cinctellus Edwards, 1922
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
Palawan
Samar
Luzon, Samar, Leyte, Jolo
Mindanao, Palawan
Mindanao, Jolo, Leyte, Luzon
Mindoro. Palawan
Leyte, Mindanao, Luzon, Mindoro, Samar
Luzon, Mindoro, Leyte, Samar, Mindanao
(W)
Luzon, (W)
1965
*fulleri (Ludlow, 1909)
*gibbulus Delfinado, 1966
infantulus Edwards, 1922
*fosephineae Baisas, 1935
kuhnsi King & Hoogstraal, 1955
lavatae Stone & Bohart, 1944
macdonaldi Colless, 1965
mammilifer (Leicester, 1908)
*mmdanaoensis Baisas, 1935
minor (Leicester, 1908)
cubitatus Colless,
Mindoro
(W)
Mindanao
(W)
Luzon, Tawi-Tawi, Batu-Batu
Leyte, Mindanao
Luzon, Palawan, Mindanao
Palawan
Luzon, Mindoro, Leyte, Jolo
Mindoro, Luzon
*pachecoi Baisas, 1935
paraculeatus Sirivanakarn, 1977
quadripalpis (Edwards, 1914)
reidi Colless, 1965
rubithoracis (Leicester, 1908)
uwyo/Tmsffheobald, 1905)
Culex (Lutzia)
208.
fuscanus Wiedimann, 1820
209.
haUfaxii Theobald, 1903
(W)
(W)
Ficalbia
210
ludlowae Brunetti, 1920
Mindanao
Mimomyia (Etorleptiomyia)
211.
elegans (Taylor, 1914)
Mindanao
212.
Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, [Palawan]
luzonensis (Ludlow, 1905)
Mimomyia (Ingramia)
213.
*deguzmanae (Mattingly, 1957)
Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, Negros.
Mimomoyia (Mimomyia}
214.
215.
216.
chamberlaini Ludlow, 1904
c. metallica (Leicester, 1908)
Luzon, Mindoro, Leyte
hybrids (Leicester, 1908)
Luzon, Mindanao
Luzon
Hodgesia
217.
malayi Leicester, 1908
218.
quasisanguinae Leicester, 1908
Mindoro, Mindanao, Leyte, Luzon
Mindanao, Mindoro
Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia)
219.
aweosquammata (Ludlow, 1909)
220.
crassipes (Van Der Wulp, 1881)
221.
nigrosignata (Edwards, 1917)
222.
ochracea (Theobald, 1903)
Mindanao
Mindoro, Mindanao, Luzon, [Palawan]
Siasi, Tawi-Tawi, Batu-Batu
Luzon, Samar, Leyte, Mindanao
Mansonia (Mansonoides)
223.
annulata Leicester, 1908
224.
Mindanao
Luzon, Mindanao
annulifera (Theobald, 1901)
155
225.
226.
227.
Luzon, Palawan
bonneae Edwards, 1930
dives (Schiner, 1868)
Mindoro, Mindanao
(W)
uniformis (Theobald, 1901)
Orthopodomyia
228.
albipes Leicester, 1904
229.
andamanensis Barraud, 1934
anopheloides (Giles, 1903)
*madrensis Balsas, 1946
*mcgregori (Banks, 1909)
230
231.
232.
Palawan
Palawan
Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan, Negros, Leyte
Luzon, Palawan
Basilan, Palawan
Malaya
genurostris Leicester, 1908
233.
leei (Wharton, 1947)
234.
Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan
Mindanao
Topomyia (Suaymyia)
apsarae Klein, 1977
235.
flUMcepsBrug,1939
236.
*imitata Baisas, 1946
237.
[Palawan]
[Palawan] [New record]
Mindanao
Topomoyia (Topomyia)
241.
argyropalpis Leicester, 1908
*barbus Baisas, 1946
*cdbrerai Miyagi, Toma & Rivera, 1983
*defesusi Baisas & Fehciano, 1953
242.
243.
dubitans Leicester, 1908
hernandoi Baisas & Feliciano, 1953
244.
*pseudobarbus Baisas, 1946
238.
239.
240^
Mindanao
Mindanao
[Mindanao}
Mindanao
Luzon, Palawan,
Mindanao
Luzon, Palawan
Tripteroides (Rachionotomyia)
"rozeboomi Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 195 3
245.
Mindanao
Tripteroidis (Tricholeptomyia)
246.
*apoensis Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
*barraudi Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
247.
248.
*belkini Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
*christophersi Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
249.
*delpilari Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
250.
*microcala (Dyar, 1929)
251.
*nepenthicola (Banks, 1909)
252.
253.
*roxasi Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
*werneri Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
254.
Mindanao
Luzon
Palawan
Luzon
Luzon, [Mindanao]
Luzon, Mindanao
Luzon, (W)
Mindanao
Mindanao
Tripteroides (Tripteroides)
*antennalis Bohart & Farner, 1944
255.
*claggi Bohart & Farner, 1944
256.
*dyari Bohart & Farner, 1944
257.
25 8.
*dyi Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 195 3
*erlindae Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
259.
*hoogstraali Baisas, 1947
260.
*indeterminatus Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
261.
*mtermediatus Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
262.
*kmghti Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
263.
*mabinii Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
269.
270.
271.
272.
[Mindanao]
*malvari Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 195 3
*monetifer (Dyar, 1920)
nitidoventer (Giles, 1904)
powelli (Ludlow, 1909)
*p. escodae Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
*p. laffooni Balsas^ Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
*p. mattinglyi Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
*reiseni Basio, 1971
156
Mindanao
Mindanao
Luzon, Mindanao
Mindanao
Mindanao
Luzon
Mindanao
Mindanao
Mindanao
Mindanao
Luzon
Luzon, (W)
(W)
Luzon, (W)
Palawan, Balabac, Mindanao, Jolo
Leyte, Samar, Mindanao
Culion, Palawan
Luzon,
273.
274.
275.
276.
277.
[Palawan}
*riverai Miyagi, Toma & Tsukamoto, 1983
"’simitlalus Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
Luzon
Mindanao, Luzon
Palawan,Cu}ion, [Mindanao]
& Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
*toffaletii Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
*uichancoi Baisas & Ubaldo-Pagayon, 1953
*sullivanae Baisas
Mindanao
Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia)
Mindoro, Luzon, Mindanao
282.
283.
284.
285.
*abstrusa Peyton, 1977
bicolor Leicester, 1908
confusa Peyton, 1977
demeilloni Peyton & Rattanarithikul, 1970
harrisoni Peyton, 1977
*lagunensis Baisas, 1935
modesta Leicester, 1908
obscura Edwards, 1915
286.
287.
*pylei Baisas, 1946
Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, Palawan
(W)
Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan, Samar, Leyte,
Negros
Luzon, Mindanao, Negros, Samar
rossi Delfmado, 1922
Mindoro, Palawan, Busuanga
278.
279.
280.
281.
Uranotaenia
288.
289.
290.
291.
292.
293.
294.
295.
296.
297.
298.
299.
300.
(W)
Mindoro, Mindanao
Luzon, Mindanao
Mindoro
(Uranotaenia)
Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao
Luzon, Mindoro, Leyte
annandalei Barraud, 1926
^arguellesi Baisas, 1935
argyrotarsis Leicester, 1908
"clara Dyar & Shannon, 1925
*falcipes Banks, 1906
heiseri Baisas, 1935
lateralis Ludlow, 1905
*ludlowae Dyar & Shannon, 1925
*mendiolai Baisas, 1935
metatarsata Edwards, 1914
nivea
Luzon, Mindoro, Calicoan, Mindanao, Palawan
Mindanao, Mindoro
Luzon, Mindoro. Mindanao
Mindanao
Mindanao, (W)
Mindanao, Luzon
Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao
Luzon
Leicester, 1908
Mindoro, Mindanao
*reyi Baisas, 1935
Theobald, 1905
Mindanao
(W)
testacea
Subfamily TOXORHYNCHITINAE
Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites)
301.
amboinensis (Doleschall, 1857)
Guimaras, Cebu, Negros, Mindanao, Panay,
Mindoro
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
Luzon
*gigantuius (Dyar & Shannon, 1925)
kempi (Edwards, 1921)
leicesteri Theobald, 1904
minimus (Theobald, 1905)
*nepenthis (Dyar & Shannon, 1925)
splendens (Wiedemann, 1819)
sp. [Tx. metallicus^., bamboo internode]
sp. [Mt.Apo,>1000melevation]
[Mindanao] [New record]
[Palawan] [New record]
Luzon
Luzon
Luzon, Palawan, Negros, Cebus, Mindanao
[Palawan]
[Mindanao]
]: Remark and/or new distribution record as the island.
Endemic species.
Widely distributed from Luzon to Mindanao Islands.
Italic names of islands indicate type localities of mosquito species.
(W)
Mansonia, each 4 species of the genera Zeugnomyia and Coquillettidia, each 2 species of
the genera Malaya and Hodgesia and a species
each of the genera Aedeomyia, Heizmannia,
and Ficalbia.
Among the 309 mosquito species listed
here, a total of 122 taxa (nearly 40%) are
endemic to the Philippines. Table 3 sum-
genus Anopheles, 81 species of the genus
Aedes, 15 species of the genus Armigeres, 66
species of the genus Culex, 33 species of the
genus Tripteroides, 23 species of the genus
Uranotaenia, 10 species of the genus
Topomyia, 9 species of the genus Toxorhynchites, 6 species of the genus Mimomyia, each
5 species of the genera Orthopodomyia and
157
Table 3.
Number of endemic species among various genera or subgenera in the Philippine mosquitoes
Percent
No. of mos’quito species
Total
Taxonomic group
Endemic
endemic
rate
Subfamily ANOPHELINAE
41
Anopheles
19
22
(Anopheles}
(Cellia)
Subfamily CULICINAE
Aedes
81
7
23
17
14
20
(Aedimorphus)
(Finlaya)
(Stegomyia)
(Verrallina)
Others
Armigeres
15
10
5
4
(Armigeres)
(Leicesteria)
Zeugnomyia
66
26
Culex
(Culex)
9
11
18
2
6
(Culiciomyw)
(Eumelanomyia)
(Lophoceraomyia)
(Lutzia)
Mimomyia
Mansonia
5
Topomyia
10
3
7
33
1
(Suaymyia)
(Topomyia)
Tripteroides
(Rachionotomyia)
(Tricholeptomyia)
(Tripteroides)
9
23
23
Uranotaenia
38
1
18
6
5
7
6
6
0
3
16
3
2
6
5
0
1
0
5
46.9
4
31
9
21
9
3
6
31.6
18.2
14.3
78.3
35.3
35.7
35.0
40.0
60.0
0.0
75.0
24.2
11.5
22.2
54.5
27.8
0.0
16.7
0.0
50.0
33.3
57.1
93.9
100.0
100.0
91.3
39.1
0
9
2
22.2
309
122
39.5
13
11
Other genera
24.4
30.0
46.2
0.0
10
(Pseudoficalbia)
(Uranotaenia)
10
6
4
Subfamily TOXORHYNCHITINAE
Toxorhynchites
Total
mosquitoes (O’Connor & Sopa, 1981). These
data explain well a zoogeographic situation of
the Philippine mosquito fauna in Asia,
especially in Southeast Asia.
A checklist is always only a tentative milestone for further studies and has an inevitable
fate of being revised in future. We hope that
further studies on Philippine mosquitoes will
be carried out by others, especially Filipino
entomologists.
marizes the percent endemicity among the
main subgenera and/or genera, where (Fin-
laya), (Armigeres), (Eumelanomyia), (Topomyia), Zeugnomyia, and Tripteroides involve
more than a half of the endemic species. Less
than 10% of the mosquito species of the
Philippine fauna are common with the
Japanese mosquitoes, but about 38% of the
Philippine mosquitoes are common with the
Thai fauna, about 42% with the Malaysian
fauna, and about 44% with the Indonesian
158
[Addendum]: After submission of the
toes (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics
17:1-31.
Huang, Y. M. (1978a). The identity of two species of
Stegomyia belonging to the Aedes albolineatus
group (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics
10: .197-210.
Huang, Y. M. (1978b). Redescription and subgeneric
position of Aedes meronephada (Dyar and
Shannon) with notes on the subgenus Diceromyia
(Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics 10;
334-350.
Huang, Y. M. (1979). Medical entomology studies.
XI. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in the
Oriental region with keys to the species (Diptera:
Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 1S(6): 1-79.
Knight, K. L. (1978). Supplement to A Catalog of
the Mosquitoes of the World (Diptera: Culicidae).
Entomological Society of America, Maryland.
107 pp.
Knight, K.L.& Stone, A. (.1977). A Catalog of the
Mosquitoes of the World (Diptera: Culicidae).
Thomas Say Foundation, Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, Maryland. 611. pp.
Lee, D.J., Hicks, M. M., Griffiths, M., Russell, R.C.
& Marks, E. M. (1982). The Culicidae of the
Australasian Region, Vol. 2. Commonwealth
Institute of Health, Entomology Monograph
Series No. 2, Australian Government Publishing
Service, Canberra. 286 pp.
Mattingly, P. F. (1981). Medical entomology studies.
XIV. The subgenera Rachionotomyia, Tricholeptomyia, and Tripteroides (Mabinii group) of
genus Tripteroides in the Oriental region (Diptera; Culicidae). Contributions of the American
Entomological Institute 17(5). 1-147.
Miyagi, I. (1980). Topomyia (Suaymyia) rausai, a
new species of mosquito from the Philippines
(Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomoloty 17: 178-181.
Miyagi, I., Toma, T. & Cabrera, B. D. (1983a).
Synonyms of Topomyia rausai with Topomyia
apsarae, with description of the larva (Diptera:
Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics 15: 111-116.
Miyagi, I., Toma, T. & Rivera, D. G. (1983b). Topomyia (Topomyia) cabrerai, a new species from
the Philippines (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito
Systematics IS; 1-4.
Miyagi, I., Toma, T. & Tsukamoto, M. (1983c).
Description of a new species, Tripteroides (Tripteroides) riverai from the Philippiniss (Diptera:
Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics 15: 5-17.
O’Connor, C. T, & Sopa, T. (1981). A checklist of
the mosquitoes of Indonesia. U.S. Niival Medical
Research Unit No. 2 Special Publication, Jakarta.
NAMRU-2-SP^5:1-26.
Peyton, E. L. (1972). A subgeneric classification of
the genus Uranotaenia Lynch Arribalzaga, with a
historical review and notes on other categories.
Mosquito Systematics 4: 16-40.
Peyton, E, L. (1977). Medical entomology studies
X. A revision of the subgenus Pseudoflcalbia of
original manuscript to the editor in April,
1985, a new list of 279 Philippine mosquitoes
has been published by Cagampang-Ramos
et al. (1985). Only one species (Cx. edwardsi)
is adopted from their list to our list, giving a
total of 309 listed in the present paper.
Acknowledgements. We are indebted to the following people, without whose support, understanding,
and cooperation, our surveys could not be successfully carried out in a Philippines: Dr. Jesus C.
Azurin, Minister of Health, Dr. Deffin G. Rivera,
Director of the Malaria Eradication Service, Ministry
of Health, Republic of the Philippines, and their
staff, especially. Dr. Cesar Valera, Dr. Virgilio
Angeles, and Dr. Crispin Echiveri, of the Manila
office; Dr. Jesus S. Cosio, Mr. Rodolfo B. Fontanilla,
and Mr. German M. Corpuz of the Tagum office,
Mindanao; Dr. Edgardo Baguinon of the Cagayan
office. North Luzon; Mr. Casimiro and other entomologists of the Puerto Princesa Unit, Palawan; the
Late Mr. Edilberto C. Rausa, Superintendent of the
Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, and his staff; Ms.
Vicky Dacuan, Health Care Office, Puerto Princesa
City, Palawan; Professor Benjamin D. Cabrera and
Miss Lilian A. de las LIagas of the Institute of Public
Health, University of the Philipines System, Manila;
and Mr. Prescilo Padua, Barangay Captain of
Ilomavis, Mt. Apo, Mindanao. We are also grateful to
other members of the Mosquito Research Team:
Drs. Masahiro Horio, Motoyoshi Mogi, and Takao
Okazawa, for their assistance in collecting mosquito
materials and for their useful discussion during the
periods of the research. Special thanks are also due
to Professor H.S. Yong, University of Malaya,
Kuala Lumpur, who kindly checked the original
manuscript and gave us extremely valuable advice
and suggestions.
This study was supported, in part, by Grants-inAid for Overseas Scientific Survey, Project Nos.
56041048 and 57043043 from the Ministry of
Education, Science and Culture, Japanese Government.
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160
^7
Mosquito-Born Dis Bull
-Laboratory evaluation of the potential efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis
israelensis for the control
of mosquitoes in Malaysia.
Lee HL, Cheong WH.
TropBiomed 1985; 2(2): 133-137 (Eng)
Laboratory bioassays of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) (IPS-78 standard powder)
conducted against late Srd/early 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. togoi, Culex
quinquefasdatus, Armigeres dwhami. Anopheles balabacensis and Chironomus species. Both
Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus
highly sensitive to Bti, but very high LCgg and LCgg values
reduced in alkaline water (pH 10),
obtained for Chlronomus species. The potency of Bti
but
reduction in activity
observed in NaCI solutions of up to 0.5%. Bti powder in suspension
settled to the bottom of 45.0
column of water in 3 hours after standing. No toxic effects
the guppy
Ae. aegypti larvae failed to produce
observed. High Bti selection pressure
Bti resistance strain in 8 generations.
131803
^Phosphoglucomutase and glucose phosphate
isomerase
polymorphism in the mosquito vector
Anopheles balabacensis from Sabah, Malaysia.
Yong HS;’ Cheong WH, Chiang GL, Dhaliwal SS, Hii JLK, Ool CS.
TropBiomed 1985; 2(2): 185-186 (Eng)
A sample of Anopheles balabacensis derived from eggs collected in Kuala Penyu, Sabah, Malaysia
of horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis. Two gene-enzyme
found to be polymorphic.
phosphoglucomutase and glucose phosphate isomerase
systems
studied for enzyme variation by
revised checklist of the Philippine mosquitoes.
Tsukamoto M, Miyagi I, Toma T.
TropBiomed 1985:2(2): 149-160 (Eng)
A revised checklist of 309 taxa (including unknown species) of Philippine mosquitoes is compiled
1981-1982 mosquito surveys in the
various
including additional meterials from
found only in the Philippines,
Philippines. In total, nearly 40% of the mosquito fauna listed
Zeyg’nomyia (75%)
such endemicity is conspicuous especially for the genera Tripteroides (94%)
and the subgenera Finlaya (78%) and Armigeres (60%)
from
’A study of dispersal, survival and adult population estimates of the malaria vector. Anopheles
balabacensis Baisas (Diptera Culicidae) in Sabah, Malaysia.
Hii JLK, Vun VS.
TropBiomed 1985;2(2): 121-131 (Eng)
of mixed secondary
A discrete population of An. balabacensis
studied in fringe
collected daily by outdoor
tropical forest in Lingan, Papar district, Sabah. Blood-fed females
bare leg catches in sentinel stations, marked with fluorescent powders, released and recaptured. By
made of the amount of dispersal from the release
varying the colour used for marking, estimates
point to other stations, the daily survival rate and the proportion of the wild populations caught in
0.719 and 0.7874, but these
sentinel stations each day. The best estimates of daily survival
figures did not match well with
independently derived result from parity dissections. This is
probably the first time that
independent check has been used to determine the accuracy of mark-
18
Vol.
No.
July-September 1986
release-recapture methods for determining survival rates of An. balabacensis. Recovery rates of
16.1%. Dispersal studies showed that movement within the forest fringe
marked mosquitoes
112 from the release point. Estimated population sizes declined
nearly random for far
from 11000 to 5500 by the end of the experiment. This experiment suggested that the majority of
An. balabacensis from any 1 brood probably survived long
13 days after emergence during the
normal Inter-monsoon weather conditions In the western part of Sabah.
ANNOUNCEMENT
Tropical Medicine and Malaria, held
During the International Congress
Calgary in September 1984, delegates from National Societies of Tropical Medicine
decided to join in
International Federation of Tropical Medicine. The objective
of this Federation is the organization of Congresses of Tropical Medicin’e and of
other activities which would promote international cooperation in this field.
National Societies of Tropical Medicine and representative societies of
countries in which
such Societies exist
invited to seek affiliation with this newly
founded International Federation at the following address
in
International Federation of Tropical Medicine
Secretariat
p/a Instituut
Tropische Geneeskunde
Nationalestraat 155
B- 2000 Antwerpen (Belgium)
131804
131804
Mo&qiiilo-Born Uis Bull
Laboratory evaluation of the potential efficacy of Bacillus thwingiensis israelensis for the control
of mosquitoes in Malaysia.
Lee HL. Cheong WH.
TropBiomed 1985;2(2):133-137 (Eng)
Laboratory bioassays of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) (IPS-78 standard powder)
conducted against late 3rd/early 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. togoi, Culex
quinquejasciatus, Armigeres durhami. Anopheles balabacensis and Chironomus species. Both
Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus
highly sensitive to Bti, but very high LCgg and LCgg values
reduced in alkaline water (pH 10),
obtained for Chironomus species. The potency of Bti
but
observed in NaCI solutions of up to 0.5%. Bti powder in suspension
reduction in activity
settled to the bottom of 45.0
column of water in 3 hours after standing. No toxic effects
Ae. aegypti larvae failed to produce
the guppy
observed. High Bti selection pressure
Bti resistance strain in 8 generations.
131863
Phosphoglucomutase and glucose phosphate isomerase polymorphism
Anopheles balabacensis from Sabah, Malaysia.
Yong HS; Cheong WH, Ch.ang GL, Dhaliwal SS. Hii JLK, Ooi CS.
TropBiomed 1985,2(2): 185-186 (Eng)
in
the mosquito vector
A sample of Anopheles bahbacensis derived from eggs collected in Kuala Penyu. Sabah, Malaysia
of horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis. Two gene-enzyme
studied for enzyme variation by
found to be polymorphic.
systems
phosphoglucomutase and glucose phosphate isomerase
i,3180,:,4
revised checklist of the Philippine mosquitoes.
Tsukamoto M, Miyagi I. Toma T.
TropBiomed 1985:2(2): 149-160 (Eng)
A revised checklist of 309 taxa (including unknown species) of Philippine mosquitoes is compiled
1981-1982 mosquito surveys in the
from various
including additional meterials from
found only in the Philippines,
Philippines. In total, nearly 40% of the mosquito fauna listed
such endemicity is conspicuous especially for the genera Tripteroides (94%) an’d ^evgnomyia (75%)
and the subgenera Finlaya (78%) and Armigeres (60%)
’A study of dispersal, survival and adult population estimates of the malaria vector. Anopheles
balabacensis Baisas (Diptera Culicidae) in Sabah, Malaysia.
Hii JLK, Vun VS.
TropBiomed 19S5;2(2):121-l3l (Eng)
of mixed secondary
A discrete population of An. balabacensis
studied in fringe
collected daily by outdoor
tropical forest in Lingan, Papar district, Sabah. Blood-fed females
bare leg catches in sentinel stations, marked with fluorescent powders, released and recaptured. By
made of the amount of dispersal from the release
varying the colour used for marking, estimates
point to other stations, the daily survival rate and the proportion of the wild populations caught in
0.719 and 0.7874, but these
sentinel stations each day. The best estimates of daily survival
figures did not match well with
independently derived result from parity dissections. This is
probably the first time that
independent check has been used to determine the accuracy of mark-
18
Vol
No.
Julil-Seplember 1986
release-recapture methods for determining survival rates of An. ba/abacensis. Recovery rates of
16.1%. Dispersal studies showed that movement within the forest fringe
marked mosquitoes
112 from the release point. Estimated population sizes declined
nearly random for far
from 11000 to 5500 by the end of the experiment. This experiment suggested that the majority of
An. balabacensis from any brood probably survived long
13 days after emergence during the
normal inter-monsoon weather conditions in the western part of Sabah.
ANNOUNCEMENT
During the International Congress
Tropical Medicine and Malaria, held
in September 1984, delegates from National Societies of Tropical Medicine
decided to join in
International Federation of Tropical Medicine. The objective
of this Federation is the organization of Congresses of Tropical Medicine and of
other activities which would promote international cooperation in this field.
National Societies of Tropical Medicine and representative societies of
countries in which
such Societies exist
invited to seek affiliation with this newly
founded International Federation at the following address
in
Calgary
International Federation of Tropical Medicine
Secretariat
p/a Instituut
Tropische Geneeskunde
Nationalestraat 155
B- 2000 Antwerpen (Belgium)