Year 3 Grammar Terminology Year 3 Grammar Glossary Year 5 Grammar Glossary Grammar Term What does it mean? Adverbs These can be used to express time, place and cause. They are added to a verb or clause to add information. I went to the park yesterday. Next, I will close my book. Clause A clause is a phrase of two or more words. The key word is the verb. I was walking. I rode my bike because it was raining. Conjunction A conjunction links two words, phrases or clauses together as part of a sentence. When, before, after, while, so and because. I rode my bike because it was raining. Consonant Letter Consonant letters are those that you use your teeth, lips and/or tongue to change how the air comes through your mouth when making the letter sound. The sound /b/ is made by closing your lips and opening them again quickly. The sound /t/ is made by pressing your tongue behind your teeth. Direct Speech Direct speech are the words which are spoken directly, the words that come out of a person’s mouth. Speech bubbles in a cartoon Year 3 Grammar Glossary Year 5 Grammar Glossary Grammar Term What does it mean? Inverted commas Inverted commas are used for speech marks to show what has been spoken. They only go around what is spoken and not who is speaking. “Good morning” said the teacher. Paragraphs A paragraph is a section of text all on the same theme or topic. A new topic/theme will mean a new paragraph. Prefix A prefix is something that is added to the start of a word to turn it into a different word. Take – overtake mobile – automobile Preposition A preposition is used to link a noun or noun phrase to another word, often to mark direction or location and sometimes time. Please put your pencils in the box. I have not walked home since yesterday. We went on holiday. Vowel Letter A vowel letter is made just by changing the shape of your open mouth. a, e, i, o, u. Year 3 Spelling Guidance Year 5 Grammar Glossary Spelling rule What does it mean? Suffix -ation This is added to verbs to form nouns. If a word ends in –e you drop the e before adding –ation eg Adore – adoration, Sense – sensation, Prepare - preparation Suffix -ly This is added to an adjective to form an adverb. The suffix –ly starts with a consonant letter, so it is added straight onto most root words. E.g. Usual – Usually, Final – Finally Exceptions: (1) If the root word ends in –y with a consonant letter before it, the y is changed to i (but only if the root word has more than one syllable) E.g. happy – happily, angry – angrily (2) If the root words ends with –le, the –le is changed to - ly E.g. gentle – gently, simple - simply (3) If the root word ends with –ic, -ally is added rather than just –ly, except in the word publicly. E.g. Basic - basically (4) The words truly, dearly, wholly. Year 3 Spelling Guidance Year 5 Grammar Glossary Spelling rule What does it mean? Ending -tion This is used for root words ending in t or –te. E.g. Invent – invention Act - action Suffix -ous This is added to the end of a root word. Sometimes the root word is obvious and the usual rules apply for adding suffixes beginning with vowel letters. Sometimes there is no obvious root word. –our is changed to –or before –ous is added. E.g. Humorous, glamorous A final ‘e’ of the root word must be kept if the ‘hard’ sound of ‘g’ is to be kept. E.g. courageous, outrageous If there is an /i:/ sound before the – ous ending, it is usually spelt as i, but a few words have e. E.g. serious, obvious, courteous -cian This is used for root words ending in (1) –c – E.g. Electric – electrician Music - musician (2) – cs E.g. Politics – Politician Mathematics – Mathematician Year 3 Spelling Guidance Year 5 Grammar Glossary Spelling rule What does it mean? -ssion This is used for root words ending in – (1) -ss E.g. Express – expression Discuss – discussion Confess - confession (2) –mit Permit – permission Admit - admission -sion This is used for root words ending in –d or –se. Extend – extension Tense - tension Endings that sound like ‘shun’ If the end of a word sounds like shun it is spelt as –sion, Division Invasion Confusion Endings –ure, -ture and -er Measure, treasure, nature, picture Root words that end in -tch you will add – er. Teacher, catcher Endings-gue and -que If a word ends in the /g/ sound, this is spelt –gue. Tongue, league If a word ends in the /k/ sound, this is spelt –que. Antique, unique.