Kingdom Animalia
Broken up into categories called phyla (phylum)
Kingdom Animalia
- Multicellular organisms
- Do not make own food, obtain it from others
2 major groups of animals:
1. Vertebrates – have backbone (vertebrae)
2. Invertebrates – lack backbone
- at least 97 % of all species of animals
are invertebrates
Invertebrates
Hierarchy of Organization
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Primates
Family Hominidae
Genus Homo
species sapiens
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Porifera
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Phylum Porifera – “pore bearers”
How do sponges feed?
Sponge Body
Calcareous Spicules
Siliceous
Spicules
Spongin
Importance of Sponges
- May have been the first multicellular
animals
- Simple colonies in which certain cells
became specialized for certain functions
Phylum Cnidaria
Body Plan
Cnidarian Body Forms
Cnidarians occur in 1 of 2 basic forms
How Do Cnidarians Feed?
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa
Cubozoa
Anthozoa
Order
Family
Genus
species
Types of Cnidarians
Class Hydrozoa – wide range of forms & life
histories
- Some lack polyp stage (have tiny medusa
stage), some lack medusa stage
- ex. Siphonophores, Portuguese man of war
(colonies)
Class Hydrozoa - Obelia
Class Scyphozoa - larger jellyfish
- Medusa stage is dominant, polyp stage is
very small or absent
Class Cubozoa - box jellyfishes
- Medusa stage is small & cube shaped,
polyp stage is very small
- Extremely toxic
Class Anthozoa – sea anemones, corals,
gorgonians
- Solitary or colonial polyps that lack
medusa stage
Read “The Case of the Killer Cnidarians”
Phylum Ctenophora
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7WT81ukHZE
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Body Plan
Do they have true tissues & organs?
Marine Flatworms
Marine Flatworms
Phylum Annelida
Body Plan
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Annelida
Class ?
Order
Family
Genus
species
Phylum Annelida
Class Polychaeta – marine segmented worms
Adaptations to living in the water?
Adaptations to living in the water?
Class Polychaeta –marine worms
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQU7R-tjiNU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_yn0uT7v6BU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIoN2PCvL4o
Phylum Mollusca
Basic Mollusc Body
All molluscs have this basic body plan but is
often greatly modified
Symmetry?
Soft or hard body?
Shell?
Functions of Mollusc Body Parts
1. Muscular foot?
2. Mantle?
3. Radula?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLVDwlrSq5U
http://www.oceanfootage.com/video_clips/NZ39b_
040
Basic Mollusc Reproduction
Trochophore
veliger
Domain Eukaryota
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Mollusca
Class ?
Class ?
Class ?
Order
Family
Genus
species
Class Gastropoda
Snails, limpets,
abalone, nudibranchs
Body?
Foot?
Shell?
Radula?
Nudibranchs
(sea slugs)
Where’s their shell?
Class Bivalvia
– Clams, mussels, oysters
- Where’s their body?
- Head? Radula?
What are their gills use for?
What is their foot used for?
Bivalve Burrowers
Bivalves Attached to Substrate - Mussels
Foot secretes byssal threads
(attachment threads)
Class Cephalopoda
Octopuses, squids, cuttlefish,
nautilus
Class Cephalopoda
Active or sedentary?
Complex or very basic nerve &
sensory system?
Where is the foot?
Where is the radula?
Beak-Like Jaws
Where’s Their Shell?
Nautilus?
Cuttlefish?
- shell
- modified shell = cuttlebone
Where’s Their Shell?
Squid?
Modified shell = pen
Where’s Their Shell?!
Where’s Their Shell?
Octopus?
- No shell
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/206