702131/702831 European
p
Architecture A
Ravenna
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the ancient world in AD 420
Colin McEvedy, The Penguin Atlas of
Medieval History(Harmondsworth
[Middlesex] 1966 [1961]), p 19
major late antique and early Byzantine sites on the Adriatic
Miles Lewis
Palace of Diocletian
Palace of Diocletian at Spalato (Split)
(Split), c 300
reconstruction ærial view by Ernest Hébrard
E Hébrard and J Zeiller, Spalato, le Palais de Dioclétien, Paris, 1912
Palace of Diocletian, Spalato, c 300: section
Robert Adam, Ruins of the Palace of the emperor Diocletian at Spalatro in Dalmatia (London 1764)
Diocletian's
Palace, Split:
plan
after Altet, Early
Middle Ages, p 189
Peristyle, Palace of Diocletian, Split, c 300-306
view, detail of the arcading, elevation of the
side as in c 300
MUAS 12,614
Country Life, CLIV, 3984 (1 November 1973), p 1330
Palace of
Diocletian, the
Porta Aurea or
north gateway:
reconstruction
view
Axell B
A
Boëthius
ëthi & J B W
Wardd
Perkins, Etruscan and
Roman Architecture
(Harmondsworth
[Middl
[Middlesex]
] 1970),
1970) p 528
flat arches with
joggled voussoirs
Palace off Diocletian,
the Porta Aurea or
north gateway,
the Andron, Deir
Si'man,, Syria,?5th
y ,
century
R J Mainstone, Developments
in Structural Form (Cambridge
[Massachusetts] 1975), p 41
Miles Lewis
the Christian Adriatic
major late antique and early Byzantine sites on the Adriatic
Miles Lewis
Salona-Marusinac
Anastasius Basilica, atrium
and mausoleum of St
A
Anastasius,
t i
early
l C5th
C5th, with
ith
precinct to the north added in
426: reconstruction view
Richard Krautheimer, Early Christian and
Byzantine Architecture [Pelican History of Art]
(Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1965), p 137
Mausoleum of St Anastasius,
Salona Marusinac
Salona-Marusinac
ground floor and upper plans
model
André Grabar, The Beginnings of Christian Art
(London 1967 [1966]),, p 65
Jean Lassus, The Early Christian and Byzantine
World (London 1967), p 45
the Urban Basilica, Salona, C4th
Miles Lewis
the Urban Basilica and cruciform church, Salona, C4th
Miles Lewis
district of the
bishop's palace,
Salona, C4th
onwards
Grabar, The Beginnings of
Christian Art,, p 182
major late antique and early Byzantine sites on the Adriatic
Miles Lewis
baptistery
atrium
basilica
Cathedral at Porec (Parenzo), Istria, 525-43
Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, p 197
Cathedral at Porec: apse and synthronon
Miles Lewis
Cathedral at Porec: apse conch mosaic
Miles Lewis
Cathedral at Porec: chancel rail; nave arcading
Miles Lewis
major late antique and early Byzantine sites on the Adriatic
Miles Lewis
Cathedral or
Basilica of St
E f i Grado,
Eufemia,
G d
571-9
Miles Lewis
Cathedral or Basilica of
St Eufemia,
E f i G
Grado,
d
571-9
Giandomenico Romanelli [ed],
Venice Art and Architecture (2
vols Cologne 1997) II, facing p
vols,
34
Cathedral St Eufemia
Eufemia, Grado: nave arcading
Miles Lewis
Cathedral St Eufemia, Grado: nave arcading
Miles Lewis
major late antique and early Byzantine sites on the Adriatic
Miles Lewis
Ravenna
the late classical period
p
THE BASILICA URSIANA
& ORTHODOX BAPTISTERY
SANTA CROCE
& THE MAUSOLEUM OF GALLA PLACIDIA
the cathedral
complex
Ravenna
Basilica Ursiana, C4th
Orthodox Baptistery,
c 400 & 450
campanile,
il llater
t
Spiro Kostof, The Orthodox
Baptistery of Ravenna (Yale
University Press
Press, New Haven
[Connecticut] 1965), fig 12
Baptistery of the Orthodox or Baptistery of Neon, Ravenna,
c 400,
400 dome c 450
450, consecrated 458
458, upper walls later
Kostof, The Orthodox Baptistery, figs 1 & 2
Orthodox Baptistery,
Ravennna
Miles Lewis
Orthodox Baptistery: elevation and section
Kostof, The Orthodox Baptistery, figs 1 & 2
Orthodox Baptistery
interior
Giuseppe Bovini [revised W F Gaddoni],
Ravenna: Art and History (Ravenna
1991),
), p 112
Orthodox Baptistery, a niche with marble & porphyry revetment
Miles Lewis
Orthodox Baptistery,
Orthodo
Baptister
capitals from the lower
level (presumably of c
450)
Miles Lewis
Orthodox Baptistery details of a ground floor arch
Miles Lewis
Orthodox Baptistery
detail of aediculae,
aediculae
second level
Miles Lewis
O th d Baptistery:
Orthodox
B ti t
upper wallll d
decoration
ti and
d partt off dome
d
Bovini, Ravenna, p 109
Orthodox Baptistery
detail of the outer ring of the
dome showing an altar with
the g
gospel
p of St John
reconstruction of the
architecture
K t f The
Kostof,
Th O
Orthodox
th d B
Baptistery,
ti t
fi
figs
64 & 65
Orthodox Baptistery
reconstruction of the architecture of the outer ring of the dome
Kostof, The Orthodox Baptistery, figs 64 & 65
Orthodox Baptistery
the dome
MUAS 15,621
Orthodox Baptistery:
p
y detail of the baptism
p
James MacDonald, Sacred Destinations
http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/ravenna-battistero-neoniano.htm
Orthodox Baptistery
detail
d
t il off th
the d
dome &
diagram showing the
hollow pot construction
Kostof, The Orthodox Baptistery
F W Deichmann, Ravenna:
Haupstadt des Spätantiken
Abendlandes vol II, Kommentar, 1
(Wiesbaden 1974), pl 19
Orthodox Baptistery
plan of a course of pots
detail of the junction of the dome
with the earlier and later brick wall
Kostof, The Orthodox Baptistery
Santa Croce, Ravenna, c 425
reconstruction plan & view of the
church and the linked Mausoleum of
Galla Placidia
H Smith, 'Form and Function of the Side
y Churches in
Chambers of Fifth and Sixth Century
Ravenna', Journal of the Society of Architectural
Historians, XLIX, 2 (June 1990), p 184
Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine
Architecture,, p 136
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, c 425
Miles Lewis
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia: detail of the brickwork
Miles Lewis
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia: isometric diagram
Henry Stierlin, Encyclopædia of World Architecture (2 vols, London 1977), I, p 105
Mausoleum of Galla
Placidia
interior looking south
Bovini, Ravenna, p 15
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia: underside of the dome
photo: James Macdonald.
http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/ravenna-mausoleum-of-galla-placidia.htm
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia: detail with the Good Shepherd mosaic
photo: James Macdonald.
http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/ravenna-mausoleum-of-galla-placidia.htm
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia: the Good Shepherd Mosaic
Lassus, The Early Christian and Byzantine World, p 5
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia: the St Lawrence Mosaic
Lassus, Early Christian and Byzantine World, p 54
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia: St Peter & St Paul from the upper lunette of the south arm
Scala 7617(1973)
detail of the Sts Peter & Paul
mosaic Mausoleum of Galla
mosaic,
Placidia: tazza with doves, c
AD 425
Villa Adriana, Tivoli: dove
mosaic now in the Capitoline
mosaic,
Museum, Rome: AD C2nd,
but copied from an original of
c 170 BC
Scala RA 89(1973)
T B L Webster, Hellenistic Art (London 1967
[1966]), p 103
Mausoleum of Galla
Placidia
mosaic patterns
Scala RA 90 (1973); RA 152
[RA 11] (1973)
Ravenna
the Gothic period
p
SANT’ APOLLINARE NUOVO
ARIAN BAPTISTERY
MAUSOLEUM OF THEODORIC
the Mediterranean world in AD 476
McEvedy, Atlas of Medieval History, p 23
Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo (originally S Martin in Coelo)
Sant
Coelo), 490
Scala RA 151(1974)
Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo: detail of the arcading: the calling of Peter & Andrew, north
side, with a detail of the fish
Miles Lewis; MUAS 15,637, 15,638
Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo
Sant
the south wall
detail of the Betrayal from the
upper register
Lassus, The Early Christian and
Byzantine World, pl 32
MUAS 15,638
Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo: detail of the Palace of Theodoric
Sant
Theodoric, from the south wall
Scala RA 55 (1973)
Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo
Sant
the south wall
MUAS 15,638
Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo, the north wall, with
details of the Magi and the Virgin & Child
MUAS 4,218 ; public domain photo, Sacred Destinations,
http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/ravenna-st-apollinarenuovo.htm; René Huyghe [ed], Larousse Encyclopedia of Byzantine
and Mediaeval Art (London 1963 [Paris 1958]), facing p 17
the Arian Baptistery (now
the Oratory of Sta Maria
in Cosmedin), C6th
view & plan
Miles Lewis
Corrado Ricci, Romanesque
Architecture in Italy (London 1925), p
viii
the Arian
B ti t
Baptistery
dome
Bovini, Ravenna, p 54
detail of the Arian Baptistery dome
Photo: Sean Lee Sacred Destinations
http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/ravenna-arian-baptistery.htm
Mausoleum of Theodoric,,
Ravenna, c 526
view & drawings
g
Scala (1974)
Cecil Stewart,
Stewart Early Christian,
Christian Byzantine
and Romanesque Architecture [Simpson's
History of Architectural Development]
(London 1954 [1905/8]), p 62
M
Mausoleum
l
off Theodoric
Th d i
a conjectural reconstruction
Verzone, Theodoric to Charlemagne, p 58
Mausoleum of Theodoric, section & cutaway isometric
Judith McKenzie
McKenzie, The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt cc. 300 BC to AD 700 (New Haven [Connecticut]
2007), p 349; Auguste Choisy, Histoire de l’Architecture (2 vols, Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1899), II, p 74
Mausoleum of Theodoric
elevation & view of arches with joggled joints
V I Atroshenko & Judith Collins, The Origins of the Romanesque (Woodstock [New York] 1985), p 18
Miles Lewis
joggled joints at the
Mausoleum of Theodoric; the
Andron, Deir Siman, Syria,
C6th; and the main gate of the
Palace of Diocletian,, Spalato,
p
,c
300
Miles Lewis
R J Mainstone, Developments in Structural
Form (Cambridge [Massachusetts] 1975), p 41
the monolithic
arch
Mausoleum of Theodoric, c
526
windows in the upper level
Church of Sitt-er-Rum, Syria,
C6th
windows in the chancel arch
Miles Lewis
Mausoleum of Theodoric
more details
Miles Lewis
Ravenna
the Byzantine period
SAN VITALE
‘PALACE OF THE EXARCHS’
the Mediterranean world in 528
(just after the death of Theodoric, 526)
McEvedy, Atlas of Medieval History, p 25
the Mediterranean world in 562
McEvedy, Atlas of Medieval History, p 31
brickwork detail from
San Vitale, Ravenna
Mil L
Miles
Lewis
i
S Vitale,
Ravenna,, c 530548
Miles Lewis
S Vitale
interior views
with later redecoration
except in the chancel,
chancel lower
foreground
photo © Paradoxplace.com. Sacred
Destinations
http://www.sacredy
destinations.com/italy/ravenna-sanvitale.htm
Scala, RA 154 (1972)
former
atrium
San Vitale, plan
Smith, 'Side Chambers', p 184
HH Sergios &
Bakchos
San Vitale
Swift, Roman Sources,
p 46
Smith 'Side
Smith,
Chambers', p 184
San Vitale
columns and capitals in the
chancel
Scala, RA 155 (1973); RA 82 (1974)
San Vitale
columns and capitals in the
chancel
Scala, RA 155 (1973); RA 82 (1974)
G d
Grado
Byzantine capitals
Porec
Hagia Sophia
San Vitale
San Vitale: the chancel or presbytery
Scala, RA 63 (1972); Lewis, Architectura, p 23
San Vitale: vaulting of the chancel and apse
photo by Kim Unertl Sacred Destinations http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/ravenna-san-vitale.htm
San Vitale: upper part of chancel and apse
photo by Amelie Sacred Destinations http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/ravenna-san-vitale.htm
San Vitale
left side of the
chancel
MUAS 15,616
,
San Vitale: Justinian with Bishop Maximianus, left side of the apse
anonymous, Sacred Destinations http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/ravenna-san-vitale.htm
San Vitale: Theodora and her court, right side of the apse
Bovini, Ravenna, p 28
San Vitale: detail of Theodora
photo © Paradoxplace.com Sacred Destinations http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/ravenna-san-vitale.htm
San Vitale: lunette on the left side of the chancel, with the mosaic
of the hospitality of Abraham and the sacrifice of Isaac
Bovini, Ravenna, p 36
San Vitale
left side of the chancel
Scala, RA 161 (1972)
San Vitale
presbytery vault, and detail of
the Agnus Dei
MUAS 15,615
Bovini, Ravenna, p 39
San Vitale
Vitale, half-dome
half dome of the apse: mosaic of Christ between angels and
saints, with a model of the church
Bovini, Ravenna, p 35
San Vitale: longitudinal section
Lassus, The Early Christian and Byzantine World, p 75
Palace of Diocletian, the Porta Aurea
or north
th gateway:
t
reconstruction
t ti view
i
'Palace
Palace of the Exarchs'
Exarchs [['Calchi
Calchi
Palace'], Ravenna, possibly C6th
Axel Boëthius & J B Ward-Perkins, Etruscan and Roman
Architecture (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1970), p 528
Ed A Longo, Ravenna, Rip Vietata
'Palace of the Exarchs' ['Calchi Palace'], Ravenna, possibly C6th
Ed A Longo, Ravenna, Rip Vietata
'Palace of the Exarchs‘
view & plan
Ricci, Romanesque Architecture
in Italy, pl xiv
‘Palace of the Exarchs’: detail
Miles Lewis
the Mediterranean world in 737
McEvedy, Atlas of Medieval History, p 39