“Bioeconomy and the Italian agrifood matrix”
Gli strumenti di politica industriale per la filiera agroalimentare
Sala Cascina Merlata – Expo 2015
Milano, 14 ottobre 2015
Sustainability
Durum Wheat
Production
in Italy:
Barilla Sustanable
Farming Project
Luca Ruini – HSE&E Vice President
& BCFN Expert
How to use Sustainability
to innovate
Barilla case study
An interdisciplinary approach
starting from LCA study
Life Cycle Assessment
Footprints
Carbon Footprint
gCO2-eq per kg or Litre of food
Water Footprint
Litre per kg or Litre of food
Ecological Footprint
Global m2 per kg or Litre of food
Barilla Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) Process
System
1. Quick, Simple and Reliable analysis
2. Verified and Certified Results
Durum wheat pasta Lifecycle Assessment (LCA)
BSF: Barilla Sustainable Farming
Cattolica University
Spin off
Sustainable
High Quality Durum Wheat
Cultivation Project
Sustainable Durum Wheat Cultivation
AIM OF THE PROJECT ABOUT DURUM WHEAT PROJECT
1) Identify in the different area sustainable alternative
cropping systems for the cultivation of durum wheat;
2) Analyze and evaluate the characteristics of cropping
systems identified;
3) Validate the alternative cropping systems with in-field
experimentations
4) Integrate the Barilla’s Cultivation Disciplinary (Decalogue)
5) Use a web based Farmers Decision Supporting System
(DSS)
Durum wheat cultivation
INDICATORS USED
•
CARBON FOOTPRINT: it represents the total amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) produced to directly
and indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of CO2 with the relative indicator,
commonly called “global warming potential”.
•
WATER FOOTPRINT: it measures the water consumption of a system in terms of water volumes
consumed because of the processes, the irrigation, the natural evaporation by plants and/or that polluted, per
unit of time.
•
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT: is a measure of how much biologically productive land and water an
individual, population or activity requires to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it
generates using prevailing technology and resource management practices. It is measured in global hectares
(gha).
•
ECONOMICS INDICATORS: represented by the direct costs of cultivation (cultivation operations +
technical tools), the gross marketable production (GPS), updated to the price lists of 17 November 2009, and
the gross income (GI), i.e. the difference between direct costs of cultivation and GPS. (In the GPS are not
considered coupled and uncoupled aid )
•
NITROGEN INDEX: measurement of nitrogen availability determined by the previous crop residue, by
the contribution of chemical fertilizers and the time required to biologically degrade the organic substance of
the preceding crop;
•
DON INDEX: this index expresses the cultivation safety aspects related to the possibility of reducing
pathology occurrence due to the deoxynivalenol mycotoxin (DON).
10
10
Durum wheat cultivation
CROP SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Crop System analysed
Variables
• Crop system: species used
within the crop rotations
• Agricultural “in-field” activities
• Fertilizers use
• Regional climatic situation
System Boundaries
Tillage
Lombardia, Veneto and Friuli
(PLV)
Maize
Diversified
Maize (3 years) – Durum wheat
Soybean – Durum wheat – Millet - Maize
Emilia Romagna (RER)
Cereals
Industrial
Horticultural
Cultivation
Maize – Durum wheat – Millet - Wheat
Soybean – Durum wheat- Maize – Wheat
Tomato – Durum wheat - Maize – Wheat
Marche and Toscana
Cereals
Proteic
Alfa alfa
Industrial
Cultivation
Durum wheat (3 years) – Millet
Proteic pea (2 years) - Durum wheat (2 years)
Alfa alfa (3 years) – Durum wheat
Rapeseed – Durum wheat – Sunflower – Durum wheat
Puglia, Basilicata and Sicilia
One crop
Fodder
Horticultural
Check pea
Cultivation
Durum wheat (4 years)
Durum wheat (2 years) – Oat and vetch (2 years)
Tomato – Durum wheat - Tomato – Durum wheat
Chick pea (2 years) – Durum wheat (2 years)
Sowing
Cultivation
Fertilization
Pesticides
Harvesting
Yield
Sustainable Durum wheat cultivation
- 310 kg Co2 / t
Carbon
Footprint
(t Co2
Carbon
footprint
(tCO
/t grains)
Carbon
Footprint
(t2CO
2 /t granella)
/ t durum wheat semolina)
0,80
0,70
0,60
0,50
0,40
0,30
0,20
0,10
0,00
Puglia/Basilicata/Sic
ilia
ra
gg
io
In
du
st
ria
le
Pr
ot
ei
co
Ce
re
al
ico
I
O
nd lo
rt
us
ico
tr
lo
ia
le
in
du
st
ria
le
In
du
st
ria
le
M
ai
di
co
lo
Ce
re
al
ico
lo
O
rt
F
or
ico
ag
lo
gi
in
o
du
st
ria
le
Pr
ot
ei
co
Pianura
Lombardo Veneto.
Net
Income
(€ / t durum wheat semolina)
Reddito
lordo (€/t)
Emilia Romagna
Pianura
Lombardo Veneto.
Puglia/Basilicata/Sic
ilia
ra
gg
io
In
du
st
ria
le
Pr
ot
ei
co
Ce
re
al
ico
lo
In
O
du
rt
ico
st
ria
lo
le
in
du
st
ria
le
In
du
st
ria
le
M
ai
di
c
Ce olo
re
al
ico
lo
O
rt
ico For
ag
lo
gi
in
o
du
st
ria
le
Pr
ot
ei
co
Marche/Toscana
Fo
ico
l
o
180,0
160,0
140,0
120,0
100,0
80,0
60,0
40,0
20,0
0,0
Ce
re
al
> 100 € / t
Emilia Romagna
Fo
Ce
re
al
ico
lo
Marche/Toscana
12
Durum wheat cultivation
- 310 kg Co2 / t
Carbon
Footprint
(t Co2
Carbon
footprint
(tCO
/t grains)
Carbon
Footprint
(t2CO
2 /t granella)
/ t durum wheat semolina)
0,80
0,70
0,60
0,50
0,40
0,30
0,20
0,10
0,00
Emilia Romagna
Pianura
Lombardo Veneto.
lo
ico
Efficienza
(kg(kg
granella/kg
Nitrogen
Index utilizzo
(kg ofazoto
grains/kg
ofdurum
N) azoto)wheat
Nitrogen
Indicator
Fo
Ce
re
al
Puglia/Basilicata/Sic
ilia
ra
gg
io
In
du
st
ria
le
Pr
ot
ei
co
Ce
re
al
ico
I
O
nd lo
rt
us
ico
tr
lo
ia
le
in
du
st
ria
le
In
du
st
ria
le
M
ai
di
co
lo
Ce
re
al
ico
lo
O
rt
F
or
ico
ag
lo
gi
in
o
du
st
ria
le
Pr
ot
ei
co
Marche/Toscana
70,0
60,0
semolina/ kg N)
50,0
40,0
30,0
20,0
10,0
13
ra
gg
io
In
du
st
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ot
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re
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ico
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In
O
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ico
st
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lo
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in
du
st
ria
le
In
du
st
ria
le
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ai
di
c
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ico
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ico
lo
0,0
Italian Farmers Handbook
DSS
Adopting old-well known (but not still applied)
agricultural practice
is good for farmers, soil & environment !
14
Durum wheat cultivation
Second Part of the Project
“Durum wheat: Cropping System Sustainability in Italy 2011-2012”
The second part of the project consists in infield experimentation, comparing sustainable
and traditional cropping systems.
Parma
Second year of the go-live phase
Ferrara
Siena
2011-12: In-field testing with >25 farmers
Ancona
Macerata
Foggia
2013-14: 80.000
t
2014-15: 120.000 t
15
luca.ruini@barilla.com