IT Project Management
โดย ผศ.ดร.ม.ล. กุลธร เกษมสันต
The Triple Constraint
o Every project is constrained in different ways by
its:
n Scope goals: What is the project trying to
accomplish?
n Time goals: How long should it take to
complete?
n Cost goals: What should it cost?
o It is the project manager’s duty to balance these
three often competing goals
The Triple Constraint of Project Management
Successful project
management means
meeting all three
goals (scope, time,
and cost) – and
satisfying the
project’s sponsor!
Project Management Framework
The Project Management and
Information Technology Context
A Systems View of Project Management
o The term systems approach emerged in the 1950s to
describe a holistic and analytical approach to solving
complex problems.
o Three parts include:
n Systems philosophy: View things as systems, which are
interacting components that work within an environment to
fulfill some purpose.
n Systems analysis: Problem-solving approach.
n Systems management: Address business, technological, and
organizational issues before making changes to systems.
Three Sphere Model for Systems Management
Understand Organizations
Structural frame:
Focuses on roles and
responsibilities,
coordination, and control.
Organization charts help
define this frame.
Human resources frame:
Focuses on providing
harmony between needs of
the organization and needs
of people.
Political frame:
Assumes organizations
are coalitions composed
of varied individuals and
interest groups. Conflict
and power are key issues.
Symbolic frame: Focuses
on symbols and meanings
related to events. Culture is
important.
Project Phases and the Project Life Cycle
o A project life cycle is a collection of project
phases that defines:
n What work will be performed in each phase.
n What deliverables will be produced and when.
n Who is involved in each phase.
n How management will control and approve work
produced in each phase.
o A deliverable is a product or service produced or
provided as part of a project.
Phases of the Traditional Project Life Cycle
Product Life Cycles
o Products also have life cycles.
o A systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework for
describing the phases involved in developing information
systems which are planning, analysis, design, implementation,
and support.
o Systems development projects can follow:
n Predictive Software Development life cycle: The scope of the
project can be clearly articulated and the schedule and cost can be
predicted.
n Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle: Projects are
mission driven and component based, and use time-based cycles to
meet target dates.
Distinguishing Project Life Cycles and
Product Life Cycles
o The project life cycle applies to all projects,
regardless of the products being produced.
o Product life cycle models vary considerably
based on the nature of the product.
o Most large IT systems are developed as a series
of projects.
o Project management is done in all of the
product life cycle phases.
The Context of IT Projects
o IT projects can be very diverse in terms of size,
complexity, products produced, application
area, and resource requirements.
o IT project team members often have diverse
backgrounds and skill sets.
o IT projects use diverse technologies that change
rapidly. Even within one technology area,
people must be highly specialized.
The Project Management Process Groups
Project Management Process Groups
o A process is a series of actions directed toward a
particular result.
o Project management can be viewed as a number of
interlinked processes.
o The project management process groups include:
n
n
n
n
n
Initiating processes
Planning processes
Executing processes
Monitoring and controlling processes
Closing processes
Level of Activity and Overlap of Process
Groups Over Time
Mapping the Process Groups to the
Knowledge Areas
o You can map the main activities of each PM
process group into the nine knowledge areas by
using the PMBOK® Guide 2004.
o Note that there are activities from each
knowledge area under the planning process
group.
o All initiating activities are part of the project
integration management knowledge area.
Relationships Among Process Groups and Knowledge Areas
Relationships Among Process Groups and Knowledge Areas (Cont.)
Questions and Answers