APPENDICES
Appendix 1.1 ASTM Classification of Coals by Rank’
Class
I. Anthracite
Limits of Fixed Carbon or Btu,
Mineral-matter-free Basis
Group
Dry FC, 98% or more (dry VM, 2% or
less)
Dry FC,92% or more and less than 98%
(dry VM, 8% or less and more than
2%)
Dry FC, 86%
or more and less than 92%
(dry VM, 14% or less and more than Nonagglomerating.2
8%)
1. Meta-anthracite
2. Anthracite
3.Semi-anthracite
II. Bituminous31.Low-volatile
Dry FC,78% or more and less than
86%
(dry VM, 22% or less and more than
14%)
Dry FC, 69% or more and less than 78%
(dry VM. 31% or less and more than
22%)
Dry FC, less than 69% (dry VM,
more
than 31%) and moist4 Btu, 14,0004.5
or more
bituminous coal
2. Medium-volatile
bituminous coal
3. High-volatile A
bituminous coal
4. High volatile B
bituminous coal
5. High-volatile C
bituminous coal
111. Sub-bituminous
IV Lignitic
Requisite Physical
Properties
Moi~t4Btu,13,000ormoreandlessthan
14,0004
Moist Btu, 11,000or more and less thanEither agglomerating
13,0004
or nonweathering.6
1. Sub-bituminous P Moist Btu, 11,000or more and less than Both weathering and
coal
13,000
nonagglomerating.
2. Sub-bituminous E Moist Btu, 9,500 or more and less than
coal
11,000
3. Sub-bituminous ( Moist Btu, 8,300 or more and less than
coal
9,500
1. Lignite
2. Brown coal
I.
Moist Btu, less than 8,300
Moist Btu, less than 8,300
Consolidated.
Unconsolidated.
Source: ASTM 0388-38(ref. 1).
FC=fixed carbon: VM-wlatile matter: Blu=British thermai units.
1Thi~~l~siticationdossnotincludeafewmalsthath~~~evenusuaiphysicaiandchemicalpropertiesandthatcomewithinthelimitsoftixed
carbonoreluoltheh~gh-volalilebituminousandsub-bituminousranks.AliolthesecoalseifherconlainlesSthan4Spercentdry.mineral-matlcrfree fixed carbon or have more than 15,500moist, mineiaimatler-freeBtu.
If agglomerating. classify in low-voiatile group of tho bituminous class.
It is recognized that there may be noncaking varieties in each group 01 the bituminous class.
Moist Btu refersto mal containing its natural bed moisture but not including visible water on the surface 01 the coal.
5 Coals havinq
. 89. oer cent or more flxed carbon on the dry, mineral-matter-tree basis Shall be classified accordins Io fixed carbon.
regardless of Blu.
e There are three varieties of coal in the high-volatile C bituminous coal group-Variety 1. agglomerating and nonweathering; Variety 2.
agglomerating and weathering: Variety 3, nonagglomerating and nonweathering.
153
Appendix 1.2 Symbols for Grading Coals According to Ash,
Softening Temperature of Ash, and Sulphur
T
Ash'
Softening Ten
Symbol
Amo~nt,~
Per cent
Inclusive
Symbol
A4
A6
A8
A10
A1 2
A1 4
A16
A1 8
A20
A20 plus
0.W 4.0
4.1- 6.0
6.1- 8.0
8.1-10.0
10.1-12.0
1211-1410
14.1-16.0
16.1-18.0
18.1-20.0
20.0 a n d hiaher
"
I
F28
F26
F24
F22
F20
F20 minus
-
ur
Temp., 'F
Inclusive
W O O a n d higher
2,600-2,790
2,400-2,590
2,200-2,390
2,000-2,190
Less than 2,000
-
-
I
1
Symbol
Amount.
Per Cent
Inclusive
0.0-0.7
s1.0
50.7
51.3
S1.6
s2.0
53.0
55.0
S5.0 plus
-
0.8-1.0
1.1-1.3
1.&1 .6
1 .7-7
n
2.1-3.0
3.1-5.0
5.1 a n d higher
-
Source: ASTM [ 3-37 (ret. 1).
AshandsulphtX51~allbereporfedtothenearest0.1percenthydroppinQtheseconddecimalfiQurewhenitis0.01~.04,inclusive.andby
increasing the perce!,tag e by 0.1 per cent when the second decimal figure is O.OW.09, inclusive. For example, 4.85-4.94 per cent. inclusive,
shall he considered 21.9 $,e, cent.
Ash-softening tenlperatures shall he reported to the nearest 10°F For example, 2,635-2,644'F inclusive. Shall be consideled to he
2,6400F
For Mmmercial grading 01 coals. ranges in the percentage 01 ash Smaller than 2 per cent are commonly used
'
154
1
".
3
1
>4
Appendix 1.4
Relationship Between Maximum Fluidity and
Mean Maximum Reflectance
40,000
30,000
LEGEND
V. M. denotes
20,000
%
Volatile Matter
[dry, ash-free basis1
L.V. denotes Low Volatile
M.V. denotes Medium Volatile
10,000
H.V.denotesHighVolotile
\\
lnertr ore
\
5,000
3,000
\
I
\
\
2,000
b y Volume
\
\
4,000
"/e
\
\
\
1,000
-i
\
a 500
2
Japan H.V.(B)
400
I
300
h
.=
x
-
200
LL
2
.x
100
2
50
40
30
20
10
5
4
3
2
1.31.5 1.4
1.7 1.6
% Moan
1.9 1.8
2.0
Reflectance in Oil
Higher mnk
Lover rank
156
Appendix 1.5 Glossary of Coal Classification Terms
1. In the International Classification System, the first subdivision is based on caking property,
which in broad termsreflects the behaviour of coal when heated rapidly,
i.e., during combustion.The
crucible-swelling test (FreeSwellingIndex)and
theRoga tests canbe usedalternativelyfor
measuring caking property.
(a) Free Swe//ing Index(E.S.I.)
This is the simplest and most well-known testto assess the swelling propertiesof the coal. A
I-gram sample of pulverized coal is tleated in a covered crucible of fixed dimensions. After the
coal has swelled,its profile is compared against a seriesof standard profiles labelled in half units
from 0-9. Since the test is quick and oasy, and uses small samplesof coal, it is most commonly
used on drill hole samples and
by the coal producer for a rapid appraisal
of his coal (oftento detect
oxidation). A valueof less than 4 indicates that a coal would produce a poor-quality coke.
On the
other hand, a value of9 is not necessarily better than a valueof 6. The following more detailed
tests would enable a better judgment to be made.
(b) Roga Index
The test is conducted by carbonizing a mixtureof 1 gram of coal and 5 gramsof a standatd
anthracite at 850°C for 15 minutes. The mechanical strength of the resulting coke button is
measured by an abrasion test in a special rotating drum. At the end of the tumbling period, the
residue is screened on a sieve with 1-millimetre round openings and the oversize weighed.
The
tumbling and screening of theoversize is repeated two additional times. The indexis calculated
from the results of the screening test by the following formula:
1 +b+cl
100 a + d
RogaIndex= 3Q
2
~
Where:
Q = total weight of residue after carbonization;
a = weight of oversize beforefirst screening;
b =weight of oversize after first screening;
c =weight of oversize after second screening; and
d =weight of oversize after third screening.
2. In theInternational Classification System,the second subdivision is based on cokingproperty,
which reflects the behaviour of coal when heated slowly, asin carbonization. The Ruhr Dilatometer
Test and the Gray-King Assay can be usedalternatively for measuring coking property.
(a) Gray-King Coke-type Test
The test is conducted by carbonizing a 20-gram sample of coal progressively
to 600°C in a
horizontal tube furnace.The carbonized residue is classified as to volume, coherence,fissuring,
and hardness by comparing it with a series of residues.For coals that form residues that range
from pulverulent to hard cokesoccupying the same volume asthe original coal (standard coke),
the type of residue is assigned letters ranging from A to G. For coals that swell to fill the crosssection of the tube, electrode carbon is mixed with the coal to obtain a strong, hard cokeof the
same volume as the original coal-electrode carbon mixture. The coke type is indicated by the
letter G with a subscript figure, that is, G
G,,
etc. The subscript shows number of parts of
electrode carbon needed in the mixture with coal to give a G-type (standard) coke.
(b) Ruhr Dilatometer
The German steel companies (and to a lesser extent the British Steel Corporation) make
great use of this test and, since they are becoming involved
in British Columbia coal properties, a
mention of its use would be appropriate.
The dilation test produces a curve basedon thechanging of the length of a coal pencil with
progressive heating, under controlled conditions. From
the dilation test, thecoking propensities of
coking-coal and blends are characterized by the following: Contraction, dilation, softening temperature, solidification temperature, and plastic range. Contraction is the decrease in length that
the coal pencil undergoes during the heating cycle within the tube, i.e., as the coal melts.
157
3. Mean Maximum Reflectance (R,) In this case, a sample of pulverized coal is set with resin
into a mould, the
surface of the coal isthen polished and viewed undera microscope, the tip of which
is immersed inan oil film on the coal surface. The operator then focuses the microscope ona vitrinite
component and the maximum reflectancevalueisrecorded.
The procedureis repeated for a
statistically representative number of vitrinite macerals and the mean maximum reflectance value is
determined.
It is interesting to note that R0 values area more precise guide to the rank of a coal, in the coking
range, than the determination of volatile content. The use of petrographic techniques, such as
values, is becoming more prevalent, particularly in Japan.
a,
4. Gieselerfluidity This is a test performedto determine theviscosity or fluidity of a coal during
the plastic stage of coke formation.A sample of pulverized coal is packed arounda stirrer to which a
constant torque is applied. The coal is then heated at a given rate and
the following temperatures are
measured: Initial softening temperature, temperature at maximum fluidity, final temperature, and
melting range. A measurement of the maximum fluidity in terms of dial divisions per minute is also
made.
British Columbia coals generally exhibit low ddpm values (less than 500) as do the low volatile
eastern United States coals, which are generally regarded as "prime" coking-coals. The coals of
northeastern British Columbia are generally more fluid than those of the south.
Gieseler tests are frequently performed in NorthAmerica and Japan, but rarely in Europe.
Appendix 1.6 Combustion Products of Coal',
Combustion Producls
(ib.il06 Btu)
co2
219.6
,09231
,4455
.53853
.01346
7.422
,3711
,2226
eo
NO
so*
so3
Particulates4
95 per cent ash removal
97 per cent ash removal
~
' This table does not consider the emissionsof minor elementsthat might be present in a given coal.
Western Canadian Bituminous Coal(0.7% S).
Assuming 50 per Cent S in coal is neutralized bv Cations in the ash.
ParticulateS include CH
,,
flyash, and soot
Appendix 1.7 Hydrogen Content of Organic Materials*
Anthracite
Bituminous Cool
Residual Fuel Oil
Crude Oil
Light Fuel Oil
Naohtha
I
'
LPG
0
I
I
10
20
Methane
30
PERCENTAGE
HYDROGEN
' The Robens Coal Science Lecture 1974: Coalinlo the Twenty4rslCenlur~L. Grainger, London. October 1974
158
Appendix 1.8 Potential Products of the Solvent Refining of Coal*
PROCESS
PRIMARY
PRODUCT
POlENllAl
USES
' The Robens Coal Science Lecture 1974 Coalinto the Tweniy-firstCentw)! L. Granger, London, October 1974
Appendix 4.1 Washability Curves: Glossary of Terms and Examples
Washability curves areused to describe the yield and properties of material that floats when raw coal
is immersed in a liquid
of particular relative density.The curves areestablished by laboratorytesting
of the coal, using liquids of different relative densities to effect the separations. The results are
cumulated so that, by graphingthem, it is possible to determine the yield and ash content of a float
coal (and discard) at any density within the range tested. Appendices 4.1a and 4.1b show a set of
washability curves. They are as follows:
(a) Primary curve (characteristic curve): This is a graph of the ash content of the dirtiest
particle present in a particular yield of clean coal; hence it is read againstthe ash/cum
per cent weight floats axes.
(b) Clean coal curve
(cumulative floats): The cumulative (average)
ash of coal floats at any
yield may be read fromthis curve; hence it, too, is read on the cumulative per cent of
floatsiash content axes.
(c) Discard curve(cumulativesinks): This is simply the ash content of the discards
obtained at a particularyield of floats. It is read on the cumulative per cent sinkdash
content axes.
(d) Specific gravity yield curve (densimetric curve): This shows the percentage material
floating at any given relative
density; hence the yield of floats is read against
the relative
density (specific gravity) scale.
(e) Distribution curve: This is a graph of the amount of material in the range 20.1 of the
particular relative density being considered. it is an expressionof the ease with which a
coal may be cleaned, as the more material which is in
the region ofthe density at which
the coal is being
washed, the more precise must be the control of the washing operation
and hencethe more difficult the coal is to clean. The following classification has been
suggested:
159
0-7 per cent near density-simple separation
7-10 per cent near density-moderately difficult
10-15 per cent near density-difficult
15-20 per cent near density-very difficult
20-25 per cent near density-exceedingly difficult
over 25 per cent near density-formidable.
For most coals considered in this report, the neardensity is under 10 per cent. Separations inother
countries are being carried out involving 70-80 per cent near density material.
Appendix 4.1b shows acoal that is fairly difficult to clean. To show the use of the curves, if it is desired
to make a coal of 10 per cent ash, curveB tells us that the yield will be 63 per cent, and D shows that
the relative density of washing must be 1.52.The ash inthe discard (C) is 44per cent (yield 56 per
cent) and the dirtiest particlepresent has an ash of about 24 per cent.The per cent near density is
some30percent.lncreasingtheashinthecleancoalto15percentbringstheyieldupto83percent,
the discard ash increasesto 62 per cent, ash of dirtiest particle is 37 per cent, washing density 1.75,
and the near densitymaterial is downto 10 per cent. Not only has
the yield materially increased, the
coal has actually become easier to clean by increasing the ash content,with a consequentincrease in
the range of equipment that could be used(and a possiblereduction in cost). Appendices 4.lc and
4.ld show an exceptionally easy coal; note the low percentage of near density material over quite a
wide range of washing densities. In deciding the ash content that can economically be produced,it is
important to take both yield and effecton washingcharacteristics into account: If the separation has to
is much near density material, then increasesin ash and
losses
be carried out in a region where there
in yield can occur unless the process is capableof being closely controlled. As pointed out, coals
currently being considered in British Columbia have near density under 10 percent, and high yields at
the required ashcontent. This immediately suggests
that simple and cheappreparation methods may
be used in many cases to attain the required ash, with more costly equipment being used only to retreat the discards from the first separation. This can apply to coarser coals, but is more generally
applicabletothesmallersizes,sayunderone-halfinch.*Itshouldbenotedthatthesmallerthesizeof
coal, the greater the liberationof the organic material fromassociated inorganic. Hence, the smaller
sizes maybe washed at higher densities to give the same ash as the coarser sizes washed at lower
densities. This is also accompanied by a diminution in the amount of near density material, making
the coals easier to clean.
Coal from Mine A (Appendices4.le and f) can be taken as an example of one of the coals of the
Province thatshould beable to be beneficiated to a yield of 80 per cent with an ash content slightly
over 4 per cent, with a low order of control precision required at the plant. Coal from Mine8,on the
otherhand,inthesizerange4x28meshwouldonlygiveayieldof25percentatapproximately4per
cent ash (Appendices 4.19 and h). If the material is below 28-mesh size (Le., smaller and therefore
showing better liberation of maceral and inorganic material), thena70-per-cent yield at 5 per cent is
theoretically possible with highly precise control from the washability curves(Appendices 4.li and j).
In practice, the operator has been able to obtain contracts for coal from carbonization with ash
contents of approximately 9 per cent; yields of 70 per cent are possible at this ash fromthe 4 x 28mesh size fraction. This ashcontent should beobtainable with a low order of control because of the
shape of the distribution curve.
~
* 1 inch=2.54 centimetres.
160
Appendix 4.la
Client: B.C. Coal Task Force.
Sample identification: SeamB.
.. ".
T
Dired
Specific Gravity
Cum Float$
~
Weight
- 1.30...................................
1.30-1 3 5 ...................................
1.35-1 ...................................
.40
1.40-1 ...................................
.45
1.45-1.50...................................
1.50-1.60...................................
1.60-1.70...................................
1.70-1.80...................................
1 .80-1
.90 ...................................
+1.90...................................
I
%
I
7.1
20.9
13.3
I
8.9
12.8
7.0
4.6
I i
I
1%
100.0
I
2.6
5.4
10.1
15.1
20.3
26.6
31.8
36.7
40.0
72.3
0.18
...........
22.95
1.81
2.23
1.69
I
Weight
(7)
~
%
%
0.18
1.31
2.65
4.19
6.00
9.40
11.63
13.32
15.00
22.95
7.1
128.0
.13
41.3
1.34
51.5
1.54
60.4
73.2
3.40
80.2
84.8
89.0
100.0
...........
..........
Cum Sinks
Sink
Weight
Ash
(6)
~
T
%
2.6
4.7
6.4
8.1
9.9
12.9
14.5
15.7
16.9
23.0
...........
%
92.9
22.77
21.64
20.30
18.76
16.95
13.55
11.32
15.2
9.63
I
+
Weight
(12)
~
%
%
72.0
58.7
48.5
39.6
26.8
19.8
I
+0.1S.G.
Distribution
......................
......................
7'95
11'0
24.51
30.06
1.40
34.58
38.68
1.50
42.80
1.60
50.56
1.70
57.17
1.80
63.36
72.27
..........
..........
...........
...........
53.3
..........
...........
31.9
19.8
11.6
8.8
..........
..........
..........
.....................
...........
1
...........
...........
Appendix 4.1 b
30 -
v,
2
40-
2
'3
50-
u
60-
Y
6
s
70 -
80 -
90 -
ASH CONTENT %
2.1
2.2
2.01.4
I 91.5
1.8
1.6
1.3
1.7
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
A PRIMARY CURVE
B CLEAN COAL CURVE
C
DISCARD
D
SPECIFICGRAVITY-YIELD CURVE
E kO.1 S.G. DISTR18UTIONCURVE
CURVE
162
1.2
:
Appendix 4.lc
Client: B.C.Coal Task Force.
Sample identification:Seam A
r T
Cum
Weight
of Ash
%
1.30-1.35...................................
1 .35-1 ...................................
.40
1 .40-1.45...................................
1 .45-1.50...................................
1.50-1.60...................................
1.60-1.70...................................
1.70-1.80 ...................................
1.80-1 ...................................
.90
+ 1 .90...................................
/
0.69
1.6
0.82
3.0
1.8
0.4
0.2
13.4
21.3
27.6
37.7
45.3
51.0
84.4
0.2
1
0.2
3.2
6.3
17.3
100.0
...........
L
1
%
%
0.69
1.51
1.66
0.15
8.1
1.71
0.05
1.75
0.04
1 .81
0.06
0.08
1 .e9
1.45
3.34
6.55
3.21
14.60 21.15
21.15
...........
__
Weight
(6)
(5)
- 1.30...................................
Cum Floats
~
T
Weight
Ash
(7)
-
%
%
%
1.6
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.6
4.4
7.9
21.1
...........
56.9
20.46
..........
-
Weight
43.1
70.4
72.2
72.6
72.8
73.0
73.2
76.4
82.7
100.0
__
T
1
+O.l S.G.
Sink
Cum Sinks
19.26
17.81
14.60
1
Ash
(10)
~
%
Disfribufion
S.G.
(11)
__
Weight
(12)
-
%
Yo
%
35.96
66.35
70.11
70.95
71.32
71.63
71.87
75.47
84.39
.....,.,..
.....,....
...........
...........
i
...........
...........
1.40
.... ......
1S O
1 .60
1.70
1 .80
.....,,...
..........
.... ......
29.7
...........
0.8
0.4
3.4
9.5
...........
...........
...........
Appendix 4.ld
100
0-
90
10-
20
2
9
-
80
30-
70
40-
60
y
z
v1
'+3
50-
50
8
c:
u
60-
40
s
70 -
30
80 -
20
-
10
Y
s
90
100
I
0
10
S
1
I
20
30
~
I
40
1 I '
'
50
60
70
1~
'
1
80
1.5
1.4
'
1
0
'
90
1
1.3
1.2
ASH CONTENT %
2.2
2.1
2.0
19
1.8
1.7
1.6
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
A PRIMARY CURVE
B CLEAN COALCURVE
D SPECIFIC GRAVITY-YIELD CURVE
E +0.1 S.G. DISTRIBUTION CURVE
C DISCARD CURVE
164
3
Appendix 4.le
Client: British Columbia Coal Mine"A:'
Sample identification: Raw coal.
Size fraction: Plus 28-mesh composile.
T
Direct
Specific Gravity
I
__
I
Sink
Weight
of Ash
ASh
j
(3)
__
%
26.12
7.03
0.70
0.91
0.95
.40
-1.25 ..............................
1.25-1.30 .............................
1.30-1.35 ..............................
1.35-1
..............................
1.40-1.45 ..............................
1.45-1.50 ..............................
1.50-1.55 ..............................
1.55-1.60 ..............................
1.60-1.70 ..............................
1.70-1.80 ..............................
1.80-1.90 ..............................
1.90-2.00 ..............................
+2.00 ..............................
0.72
42.05
2.40
1 .20
0.60
1.16
1.55
14.61
100.00
%
%
1.34
1.82
4.38
9.70
15.30
21.35
25.27
31.34
38.69
46.60
53.78
61.43
87.40
0.01
0.77
1.14
0.68
0.37
0.26
0.18
0.19
0.45
0.72
0.49
0.58
12.77
18.61
...........
~
. .
. .
%
i
...........
I %
0.72
42.77
68.89
75.92
78.32
79.52
80.22
80.82
81.98
83.53
84.44
85.39
100.00
I
1.34
1.81
2.79
3.43
3.79
4.05
4.24
4.44
4.93
5.70
6.22
6.83
18.60
I
I
__
...........
...........
f0.1 S.G.
Distribution
,..>
__
\.I;
%
18.60
17.83
16.69
16.01
15.64
15.38
15.20
15.01
14.56
13.84
13.35
12.77
T
S.G.
(Q
..
0.01
0.78
1.92
2.60
2.97
3.23
3.41
3.60
4.05
4.77
5.26
5.84
18.61
Cum Sinks
%
99.28
18.73
..........
31.15 57.23
..........
31.1 1 53.65
..........
66.49 24.08
1.40
72.14 21.68
..........
20.48
75.10
1.50
19.78
76.85
..........
19.18
78.26
1.60
18.02
80.80
1.70
16.47
84.03
1.80
15.56 85.80
1.90
14.61
67.41
..........
......................
..........
......................
..........
%
...........
...........
...........
36.75
...........
4.90
...........
2.46
2.71
2.46
1.86
...........
...........
...........
Appendix 4.lf
100
90
10-
20
v1
L-
Q
-
80
30-
70
40-
60
z
2
'
v)
LL
L-.
50
50-
+
Zi
3
60-
40
70 -
30
80-
20
10
0
ASH CONTENT %
2.1
s
3
3
5
u
y
2.2
2.0
19
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.2
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
A
D SPECIFIC GRAVITY-YIELD CURVE
B
E tO.1 S.G. DISTRIBUTION CURVE
PRIMARY CURVE
CLEAN COAL CURVE
C DISCARD CURVE
166
1.3
Appendix 4.19
Client: British Columbia Coal Mine "9."
Sample identification: Raw coal.
Size fraction: 4"x 28M.
__ __
~
~
:+.
..e.+..,
11,
of Ash
of To!al
Specific Gravity
(41
(1)
~
1.30 .............................................
1.35 .............................................
1.40 .............................................
1.45 .............................................
1.50 .............................................
1.55.............................................
1.60.............................................
1.70 .............................................
1 .80 .............................................
+ 1.80.................................
CCrn
Weight
of Ash
r
I
-
=i= i=
~
I
CUK F!O*!S
__
Weight
(51
(6)
__
__
Ash
Sink
I
Weight
of Ash
2.m
Weight
SiFkS
__
ASh
+0.1 S.G.
Dislribulion
S.G.
(10)
(11)
(7)
(81
(9)
__
__
__
__
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
2.71
6.24
10.95
15.97
6.44 20.66
0.31
1.44
2.39
21.84
1.71
10.69
1.33
2.71
5.07
7.35
8.72
9.77
10.62
11.36
12.46
13.24
20.64
20.35
18.91
16.52
14.81
13.48
12.37
11.44
10.05
9.11
88.57
65.49
43.65
32.96
26.52
22.00
18.90
14.94
12.84
22.98
28.87
37.65
44.93
50.83
56.23
60.69
67.27
70.95
...........
..........
1.40
62.05
..........
1.so
24.75
35.06
44.60
11.43
34.51
56.35
67.04
73.48
78.00
81.10
85.06
87.16
1oo.M)
..........
0.93
1.39
0.94
9.11
0.31
1.75
4.14
5.85
7.18
8.29
9.22
10.61
11.43
23.08
1.11
115 5
20.66
...........
...........
...........
..........
1.60
1.70
..........
..........
...........
...........
...........
11.58
6.05
...........
Appendix 4.1 h
r
30
-
*
2
40-
'*3
50-
2
Y
$
u
60-
70-
80 -
90
-
ASH CONTENT %
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.7
1.9
A PRIMARY CURVE
6 CLEANCOAL CURVE
C DISCARD CURVE
1.8
1.6
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
1.5
1.4
D SPECIFIC GRAVITY-YIELD CURVE
E k0.1 S.G. DISTRIBUTION CURVE
168
1.3
1.2
loo
Appendix 4.li
Client: British Columbia Coal Mine '73.''
Sample identification: Raw coal.
Size fraction: 28Mx 100M.
~
.., .
=i=
~
Specific Gravity
~
Ash
(1)
(3)
__
%
1 .30
................................................
1 .35
................................................
1 .40
................................................
1 .45
................................................
1 .50
................................................
1.55 ................................................
1.60 ................................................
1.70 ................................................
1.80 ................................................
1.80 ...................................
+
12.4
3.8
3.0
1.5
7.1
100.0
1.7
4.9
8.2
12,2
16.6
20.5
24.2
29.3
35.6
62.9
...........
-I
rue;gh?
of Ash
of Total
Weight
(12)
(4)
%
0.47
0.85
1.52
1.51
1.10
0.78
0.58
0.88
0.53
4.47
12.69
%
0.47
1.32
2.84
4.35
5.45
6.23
6.81
7.69
8.22
12.69
%
27.4
44'7
63.2
I
%
I
%
I
%
I
%
I
1 :i I A:' I 1 I
16.83
72.6
12.22
20.56
26.77
%
..........
..........
1.40
..........
1.50
..........
...........
88.4
91.4
92.9
100.0
L
7.7
8.4
8.8
12.7
5.88
5.00
4.47
8.6
50.69 11.61.60
1.70
58.14
62.96 7.1..........
..........
I ........... I ..........
.................................
I ........... I ........... I
...........
%
...........
...........
54.8
...........
25.2
...........
9.2
4.5
...........
...........
...........
- -
Appendix 4.1 j
ASH CONTENT 'A
1.2
2.1
1.3
2.2
1.4
1.5
2.0
1.6
1.7
19
1.8
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
A
PRIMARY
CURVE
B CLEAN COAL CURVE
C
D SPECIFIC GRAVITY-YIELD CURVE
E tO.1 S.G. DISTRIBUTION CURVE
DISCARD CURVE
Queen's Printer for British Columbia 0
Victoria. 1986
170