THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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The function of the respiratory system is;
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To get oxygen into the body
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To remove carbon dioxide out of the body
Oxygen is used by the body to release energy and carbon
dioxide is released so it doesn’t build up and poison the
body
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KEY TERMS
Oxygen debt – Shortfall of oxygen to
the body after maximal
effort/anaerobic exercise, resulting in
deep and shallow breathing
Vital Capacity – The maximum
amount of air that can be forcibly
exhaled after breathing in as much as
possible
Tidal Volume – Amount of air
breathed in or out at rest
MECHANISM OF BREATHING
Lungs are not muscles therefore can’t move on their own
accord. They are helped by the diaphragm and intercostal
muscles between the ribs.
When we breathe in –
Inspiration – the following
happens…
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Our diaphragm pulls
down
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Our intercostal muscles
contract
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Air pressure is reduced
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Air is sucked through
the tubes into lungs
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Our chest expands
When we breathe in –
Expiration – the following
happens…
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Our diaphragm relaxes
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Our intercostal muscles
relax
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Our chest becomes
smaller
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Pressure increases on
the lungs
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Air is forced out
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INHALED AIR
79% - Nitrogen
20% - Oxygen
Trace - Carbon
dioxide
SMOKING
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Lung surface area is decreased
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Gaseous exchange between the
alveoli is slowed
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Leaves individual breathless
ALCOHOL
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Excessive long term drinking
affects respiration
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Causes a fall in blood pressure
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Can cause alcohol poisoning
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Slows breathing
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EXHALED AIR
79% - Nitrogen
16% - Oxygen
4% - Carbon
dioxide
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS
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RESPIRATION AND RECREATIONAL
DRUGS
EDEXCEL SPECIFICATION
COMPOSITION OF AIR
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Tidal volume increases
Air exhaled to stop the build-up of
carbon dioxide
Breathing rate increases and becomes
deeper
After short bursts the breathing is
shallow and gasping to repay the
oxygen debt
Gaseous exchange with the alveoli
becomes more efficient
Waste water release as sweat on the
surface of the skin
Glycogen stored in the muscles and
liver is released as glucose to allow the
muscles to work
AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC ACTIVITY
Exercise and physical activity
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immediate and shortterm effects of
participation in exercise
and physical activity
(increased breathing
rate, increased depth of
breathing, oxygen debt)
•
effects of regular
participation in – and
long-term effects of
participation in –
exercise and physical
activity (increased lung
capacity/volume and
vital capacity)
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Recreational drugs
(effect of
smoking/nicotine on the
alveoli-gaseous
exchange).
LONG TERM EFFECTS
AEROBIC – with oxygen
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Lower intensity
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Endurance activities – Marathon
Formula – Glucose + Oxygen
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Carbon dioxide, Water, ENERGY
ANAEROBIC – without oxygen
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Higher intensity
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Short distance activities – Sprinting
Formula – Glucose + Oxygen
Students should understand the
impact of a healthy, active lifestyle
on their respiratory system:
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Carbon dioxide, Water, ENERGY,
Lactic acid
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles become
stronger to allow more air into the lungs
Increased lung volume
Gaseous exchange in the alveoli is more
efficient
Muscles able to work longer without tiring
Increased vital capacity of the lungs
More air exhaled so more carbon dioxide can
leave the body in one breath
More air breathed in, getting more oxygen to
the working muscles
MULTIPLE CHOICE EXAM QUESTIONS
(10 Q’s 1 mark each)
LITERACY LEARNING TASK
Learning grid. Use the grid below to try and link your words and devise sentences.
Choose an answer, A, B, C or D, and put a
cross in the box.
Mark only one answer for each question. If
you change your mind about an answer,
put a line through the box
and then
mark your new answer with a cross.
Parts of the respiratory system include:
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Lungs, heart, kidneys, trachea
Mouth, alveoli, pancreas, lungs
Nose, bronchi, diaphragm, pelvis
Alveoli, bronchi, diaphragm,
trachea
OXYGEN
AEROBIC
VITAL CAPCITY
EXPIRATION
LUNGS
MOUTH
TIDAL VOLUME
NOSE
AIR
GASEOUS
EXCHANGE
BRONCHIOLE
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ALVEOLI
TRACHEA
ANAEROBIC
INSPIRATION
For example
1.
Choose two words and try to link them by saying them in a sentence
2.
Write out the sentence and reread it to a partner
3.
Work together to look at the linking words that you are using
Definition
Followed by a practical example
As a result of exercise an increase in
gaseous exchange occurs. This is because
the alveoli are more prepared to take on
the exchange of carbon dioxide and
oxygen. An example would be someone
taking part in an aerobics session.
For each mark –
REVISION RESOURCES
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/
Questions may be included in with other
topics, in the same question.
Where do the branches of the
brocnchioles lead to?
(1)
For each point you discuss, always give –
What are the immediate effects of exercise
on the respiratory system?
(6)
TASK
Look at the marks available for each
question. E.g. 3 marks = 3 points to include
in your answer.
As a performer increases their fitness
levels, what effect does this have on the
delivery of oxygen?
(3)
Answers have to be written in formal
language, using sentences and paragraphs
in your answer.
CARBON
DIOXIDE
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
(Section worth 58 marks)
Always give a pracical example of what
you are describing.
EXTENDED QUESTIONS
(2 Q’s 6 marks each)
REVSION TIPS
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Know the structure and function of the components of the respiratory system
Be able to describe the processes of ‘inspiration’ and ‘expiration’
Know how the demands of aerobic and anaerobic activity draw on different energy
systems
Revise the immediate and long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system, and
be able to give practical examples
Know how recreational drugs (smoking and alcohol) affect the respiratory system
Exam practice will help you gain confidence in the paper.
Use online revision pages to vary your revision
Watch sports you enjoy and relate your GCSE PE practical to these
http://www.teachpe.com/
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/
NOTES