Seaweed production in IMTA open-sea
and land-based systems: Advantages
and constraints
IDREEM project
Increasing industrial resource efficiency in
European mariculture
Rebours Céline
ITALY
Mariachiara Chiantore
Danilo Pecorino
No seaweed included in the IMTA design
• Oligotrophic system
• No know-how for producing seedlings of possibly valuable species
• Interest in co-culturing high value species for the local market (oysters),
- no knowledge about the potential of local market for algae
- no need for algal biomass for culturing other species (such as urchins).
CYPRUS
Demetris Kletou
No possibility to sustain large production of seaweed at commercial stage
- Waters oligotrophic
Opportunistic seaweeds (having short life cycles like Ulva spp.)
- develop naturally on the farm ropes in spring/summer
- disappear in the winter
Seawave Fisheries Ltd
Blue Island Plc
CYPRUS
Species identified around the farm
• Dictyopteris membranacea,
• Cystoseira sp.,
• filamentous Phaeophyte and others
• Ulva spp. observed on the cage
LAND-BASED IMTA
ISRAEL
Dafna Israel
On going Ulva lactuca growth experiment:
Purpose: examine the potential growth of the seaweed Ulva lactuca on nutrientrich seawater pumped from underneath the fish farm.
ISRAEL
On going Ulva lactuca growth experiment:
Design
• 4 tanks with water pumped from
underneath the fish farm (nutrient
rich water)
• 4 tanks will use “regular” water that
is not impacted from the farm activity
and one growth tank.
• 1 tank Control water
Measures
- Growth rate
- protein and starch content
- Ammonia and phosphate
concentration in the water at the
entrance and exit point of each tank
SCOTLAND
Miguel Sanchez
SCOTLAND
OPEN-SEA IMTA
Photo: R. Våga Pedersen
IRELAND
Gunning D.
O´Mahony F.
since 2013
•
•
•
•
IMTA system (salmon + seaweed) at 2 sites: Bantry Bay and Kenmare Bay
Alaria esculenta & Saccharina latissima
May-December : Hatchery and on-grown at Cartron Point Shellfish Ltd
December-January : transported and deployment on site
IRELAND
IMTA set-up – Bantry Bay
• 2013 / 2014
- 200 m of A. esculenta at 50 m to salmon cages
- 100 m of A. esculenta at 1 km east of pilot IMTA site
• 2015
- 80 m of A. esculenta and 220m of S. latissima at 150 m to salmon cages
- 20 m of A. esculenta and 80m of S. latissima at 1km to salmon cages
IRELAND
IMTA set-up – Kenmare Bay
• 2013 / 2014
- 30 m of A. esculenta at 50 m to salmon cages
• 2015
- none
IRELAND
• Due to the damages on Bantry Bay lines in 2014, the site will not be used for
seaweed culture
• In 2015/2016 One site: Kenmare bay
IRELAND
Biomass - Kenmare Bay
9
8
7
kg/m
6
5
4
3
West
Line
2
1
0
27_02_2014
2013: no data for
eastern line as lost
during storm
04_04_2014
14_05_2014
2014: Bantry Bay lines
damaged – No
Biomass Data
IRELAND
Year
2013
Species
Alaria esculenta
Salmo salar
2014
Alaria esculenta
**Storm
damage
Salmo salar
Biomass Harvested
17.2 kg/m (IMTA line Bantry)
18.1 kg/m (control line
- Bantry)
10 kg/m (Kenmare site
– west line)
800 tonnes
None (IMTA & Control
line - Bantry)
7.72 kg/m (Kemare –
west line)
7.23 kg/m (Kenmare –
east line)
200 tonnes
Products (post-harvest)
Feed for sea-urchins; additive to
horse-feed
Sold filleted and whole to
Europe, Asia, and North America
Feed for sea-urchins
Sold filleted and whole to
Europe, Asia, and North America
IRELAND
 DOMMRS awarded seaweed license – July 2014
 6 Ha area for seaweed longlines
 Alaria esculenta & Saccharina latissimi
 Products for aquaculture and agriculture
SCOTLAND
Lars Brunner





Since 2013 IMTA system (salmon + seaweed) at Ardcastle site
Alaria esculenta & Saccharina latissima
Broodstock collected locally in Loch Fyne
May-December : Hatchery and on-grown at SAMS
December-January : transported and deployment on site

Different seaweed rafts at the Ardcastle IMTA site
2012 - 2013 conventional repeated droppers
2013-2014 lines running at right angles between the longlines
2014-2015 light, sub-surface lines running parallel to the main longlines
SCOTLAND

yr. 1 (harvest 2013) – a moderate amount of both species, with slightly more
A. esculenta Maximum plant length up to 1.8m.
SCOTLAND


yr. 2 (harvest 2014) hatchery issues, late outplanting, the young seedlings
did not take off successfully and were smothered by Ectocarpus sp. with only
a few individuals growing to any full length (1m+)
yr. 3 (harvest 2015) very successful crop of both species – until now reach
lengths up to 1.5m, harvest was predicted for late May/early June.
Week 16. 2015
NORWAY
Rebours C., Hansen P.M.,
Bjørno T., Beddari K.
Morsdalsfjorden (67N 14E), Gildeskål township, Nordland kommunen (Norway)
Governance Challenges
Implications of aquaculture policy and regulation for the
development of Integrated multitrophic Aquaculture in Norway
Norwegian aquaculture is highly regulated and controlled The Ministries and Authorities
involved are:
-The Directorate of Fisheries, an agency within the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries,
-The Ministry of the Environment, Petroleum and Energy,
-The Agriculture and Food and Health and Care Services (MHCS) in which The Norwegian
Food Safety Authority is involved with fish health and welfare and food safety.
The production must conform to
-The Aquaculture Act 2005,
-The Food Safety Act 2000,
-The Nature Diversity Act 2009
-The Act on planning and building regulation 2008
-The Pollution Control Act 1981
-The Act on Ports and Waterways 2009
-The Water Resources Act 2000
-The Cultural Heritage Act 1978
Governance Challenges
Regulations and risks assessment
• No regulation specific for seaweed culture
• Marius Dalen Presentation at Sats marint 2015
http://www.sjomat.no/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Marius-Dalen-Regelverkfor-taredyrking-og-IMTA.pdf
• Miljødirektoratet Rapport M-299 2015: Risikovurdering ved utsetting av
ikke-stedegne tare
• Fisken og havet, særnummer 2–2015: Risikovurdering norsk fiskeoppdrett
2014
First IMTA authorization in Norway
January
April
Integrated Aquaculture and Seaweed Propagation
June
INFRASTRUCTURES for seaweed hatchery
•
•
laboratory : 2 thermo-regulated culture rooms of 7 m2, a room for sterile work, a room
for analytic work, a room for medium preparation, a room for wet work, 3 large tanks for
broodstock experiment and storage.
a culture hall of 80 m2
METHODOLOGY
FARM: Add-on species
Annual survey of juveniles of Saccharina latissima
August
Photo: K. Beddari
Biological Challenges
August
July
Mars
January
METHODOLOGY
FARM: Add-on species
Spring/Summer: Ulva spp.
Photo: K. Beddari
METHODOLOGY
FARM: Add-on species
Spring/Summer: Ulva spp.
http://niobioinformatics.in
METHODOLOGY
FARM: Add-on species
Spring/Summer: Ulva spp.
Biological Challenges
June
August
Juli
September
METHODOLOGY
FARM: Add-on species
Fall/Winter: Alaria esculenta
METHODOLOGY
FARM: Add-on species
Fall/Winter: Alaria esculenta
METHODOLOGY
FARM: Add-on species
Fall/Winter: Alaria esculenta
METHODOLOGY
Fall/Winter: Alaria esculenta
FARM: Add-on species
Sampling , March 18th 2015
Deployment at sea, Dec. 2014
Sampling , March 24th 2015
Deployment at sea, Dec. 2015
Deployment at sea, Jan. 2015
Sampling , April 17th 2015
Deployment at sea, Dec. 2015
F1
Jan. 2014
wild
Technical Challenges
Technical Challenges
Technical Challenges
Technical Challenges
Seaweed in IMTA: constraints and challenges
• Environmental
• Technical
• Biological
• Regulatory
• Knowledge transfer (training)
PARTNERS
Rebours C., Hansen P.M., Bjørno T., Beddari K. , Chiantore M., Pecorino D., Kletou D., Israel
D., Brunner L., Sanchez M., Gunning D., O´Mahony F.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Céline Rebours
Forsker/Researcher, phD
Tel.: +47 93 43 31 08
e-post: celine.rebours@bioforsk.no
Adr.: Bioforsk Nord Bodø, N-8049
www.idreem.eu
The research leading to these results has been undertaken as part of the IDREEM project (Increasing Industrial
Resource Efficiency in European Mariculture, www.idreem.eu) and has received funding from the European Union's
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 308571.