IB BIO I
Cells
Van Roekel
Prokaryotic Cell
Overview
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

Small, simple cells, usually with a diameter less than 1 µm
Thought to have appeared on Earth first.
Example: Bacteria
Draw and label a diagram of the structure of a prokaryotic cell (Be able to draw and label parts of a
cell)
Annotate the diagram with the functions of each named structure

Cell Wall -

Plasma Membrane -

Pili -

Cytoplasm -

Plasmid -

Nucleoid -

Ribosomes -

Flagella -
Identify structures of a eukaryotic cell in an electron micrograph of prokaryotic cells
(See PowerPoint slides, be able to recognize organelles on a photo from microscope)
IB BIO I
Cells
Van Roekel
Outline the process of binary fission

Process through which prokaryotic cells divide to form two identical daughter cells
o DNA is copied through semi-conservative DNA replication (use one strand as a template to
complete double strand)
o Cell elongates and two daughter chromosomes (that were copied in replication) attach to
different regions of plasma membrane
o Cell divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells
Distinguishing Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells
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



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DNA is not enclosed within a membrane and forms one circular chromosome
DNA is not attached to proteins and is said to be “Free DNA”
Lack membrane-bound organelles
Cell wall is made of peptidoglycan (carbohydrate-protein complex)
Usually divide by binary fission
Small in size (1-10 µm)
IB BIO I
Cells
Van Roekel
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cell Overview



Eukaryotic cells are found in organisms such as
Range in size from
µm
Eukaryotic cells exhibit compartmentalization-

Organelles- “Small Organs”
.
Draw and label a diagram of the structure of a liver cell as an example of an animal cell (Be able to
draw and label parts of a cell)
Annotate the diagram with the functions of each named structure




Cytoplasm
o Fluid based component of cell that contains all organelles
o Contains enzymes for metabolic processes, such as Glycolysis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Two Types- Smooth and Rough
o Smooth ER- No attached ribosomes
 production and transportation of
; detox of
in liver,
transport of
o Rough ER- Has
,
 is the site of protein
, typically closer to
Golgi Apparatus
o Functions in the
,
,
, of
materials made in the cell
o
-flattened sacs stacked on top of each other
o Uses
to carry materials where they are needed, both inside and
outside the cell
Ribosomes
o Function in
, found on Rough ER and Cytoplasm
o No
, however, they are composed of
o
in eukaryotes,
in prokaryotes
IB BIO I
Cells
Van Roekel

Lysosomes
o
of the cell that arise from Golgi Apparatus
o Contain up to
used to
proteins, nucleic acids,
lipids, and carbohydrates
o Break down/recycle
, or materials brought
into cell

Mitochondria
o Double-membraned organelle
o Contain own
and
that are similar
to that of prokaryotes
o Involved in the production of
called
(adenosine
triphosphate)
o Cristae is the highly folded membrane structure inside the mitochondria where the reactions
occur and has a
due to the folds
Chloroplasts
o Only in
cells
o Similar in structure with Mitochondria (double membrane, DNA & ribosomes, size)
o Interior contains
 Thylakoids  Grana and  Stroma Vacuoles
o Large
(food, water, waste)
o Allows for a larger
o Large in
cells, smaller in
cells
Centrosomes
o Large pair of
, involved in assembling microtubules
o Microtubules provide
, allow for
, and are
necessary for
o Plant cells do not have centrioles, but still produce microtubules
Nucleus
o Isolated region where
is found, often in the form of
o Carries all genetic information of the cell
o Surrounded by double membrane, called a
o Controls cells activities by directing
o Responsible for cell
, and cell




Identify structures of a eukaryotic cell in an electron micrograph of liver cells
(See PowerPoint slides, be able to recognize organelles on a photo from microscope)
IB BIO I
Cells
Van Roekel
Properties of Eukaryotic Cells
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Contains a
DNA bound to



Contains
Cell wall in plants is made of
Divide by
, called
, and forms
organelles
Compare Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells (Include similarities)
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
State three differences between plant and animal cells
Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Outline two roles of extracellular components


Cell Wall- (Plants, fungus, algae, bacteria) involved in maintaining cell shape, regulates uptake of
water
Extracellular Matrix- (animal cells) composed of collagen fibers and glycoproteins, strengthens
plasma membrane, and allows attachment between cells, cell-to-cell interactions.