Name:
Skeletal System
Subdivision: Gross Anatomy
After studying this subdivision of the chapter, you should be able to do the following:
7.5 Skeletal Organization
5. Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeletons, and name the major parts of each. (p. 139)
7.6– Skull—Lower Limb
7.12
6. Locate and identify the bones and the major features of the bones that compose the skull, vertebral
column, thoracic cage, pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, and lower limb. (p. 142)
7.13 Joints
7. Classify joints according to the type of tissue binding the bones together, describe their characteristics, and
name an example of each. (p. 162)
8. List six types of synovial joints, and describe the actions of each. (p. 163)
9. Explain how skeletal muscles produce movements at joints, and identify several types of joint movements.
(p. 165)
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Organization of the Skeleton
Intro: The skeleton can be divided into two major portions: (1) axial skeleton which consists of bones and
cartilages of the head, neck, and trunk, and (2) the appendicular skeleton, which consists of the bones of the
limbs and those that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton
Purpose: To learn the BASIC organization of the skeleton, the major bones of the skeleton, and the terms
used to describe skeletal structure.
1.
Label the anterior and posterior views of the skeleton.
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2.
Examine the human skeleton and locate the following parts. As you locate the following bones, write
the number of each in the skeleton. Palpate as many of the corresponding bones in your OWN
skeleton as possible.
3. SURFACE FEATURES: Describe the landmark and locate an example of each of the following bone
markings on the list below.
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4. Answer the following questions to gain background knowledge about the “Organization of the Skeletal
System”.
1. The cranium and facial bones compose the _________________________________.
2. The ____________________________ bone supports the tongue.
3. The ____________________________ at the inferior end of the sacrum is composed of
several fused vertebrae.
4. Most ribs are attached anteriorly to the __________________________________.
5. The thoracic cage is composed of _______________________pairs of ribs.
6. The scapulae and the clavicles together form the
_______________________________________.
7. The humerus, radius, and ____________________________________ articulate to
form the elbow joint.
8. The wrist is composed of eight bones called _________________________________.
9. The coxae (hipbones) are attached posteriorly to the ________________________.
10. The pelvic girdle (coxae), sacrum, and coccyx together form the
___________________________________________.
11. The _____________________________________ covers the anterior surface of the
knee.
12. The bones that articulate with the distal ends of the tibia and fibula are
called_____________________________________________.
13. All finger and toe bones are called ____________________________________.
Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B.
______1. condyle
a. Opening or passageway
______2. crest
b. relatively large process
______3. head
c. Rounded process that usually articulate with another bone
______4. trochanter
d. Deep depression
______5. spine
e. Narrow ridge like projection
______6. meatus
f. Arm-like bar of bone
______7. foramen
g. Thorn-like projection
______ 8. Fossa
h. air-filled cavity in bone
______9. ramus
i. interlocking line of union
______10, sinus
j. Rounded enlargement at the end of bone
______11. suture
k. tube-like passageway
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Gross Anatomy of the Skeleton
Skull Bones:
 Frontal
 Parietal
 Temporal
 Occipital
 Zygomatic
 Maxillae
 Mandible
 Nasal
 Vomer
 Sphenoid
 Palatine
Skull Parts or Structures:
 Foramen magnum
 Zygomatic arch
 Mastoid process
 Styloid process
 External auditory meatus
 Occipital condyles
 Optic foramen
 Mandibular condyle
 Mandibular fossa
 Coronal suture
 Squamous suture
Thoracic Bones:
 Sternum (3 Parts)
 Ribs (3 types with #s)
 Vertebrae (5 types)
 Hyoid
o
o
o
o
o
Thoracic Parts
 Vertebrae parts:
o
o
Vertebral foramen
Spinous process
Body
Transverse process
Superior & Inferior
articular facets
Intervertebral disks
Lamina
o
o
o
Olecranon
Tochlear notch
Styloid process
Upper Extremities
Bones/Parts/Structures:
 Humerus
o Head
o Capitulum
o Trochlea
o Olecranon fossa
o Deltoid
tuberosity
o Medial/Lateral
epicondyles
 Radius
o Head
o Radial tuberosity
o Styloid process
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 Ulna











Lambdoid suture
Sagittal suture
Sella turcica
Temporal process
Zygomatic process
Palatine process
Temporalmandibular joint
External occipital
protuberance
Mandibular notch
Coronoid process
Mental foramen
o
o
o
Pedicle
Intervertebral
foramen
Transverse foramen
 First two vertebrae: names
 Costal cartilage
 Metacarpals: I-V:
 Carpals: all eight; two
rows of four
o Trapezium,
scaphoid,
lunate,
triquetrum
o Trapezoid,
capitate,
hamate,
pisiform
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 Phalanges: proximal, middle,
distal
Shoulder Girdle
 Clavicle
o Acromial extremity
o Sternal extremity
 Scapula
o
o
o
o
Glenoid fossa
Spine
Acromion
Coracoid process
Lower Extremities Bones:
 Coxal bones
o Illium, ishcium,
pubis
o Acetabulum
o Iliac crest
o Obturator
foramen
o Pubic arch
o Symphysis pubis
o Sacroiliac joint
 Femur
o
o
o
o
Head
Neck
Greater and
lesser trochanter
Medial and lateral
condyle
 Patella
 Tibia
o
o
o
 Fibula
o
o
Lateral and medial
condyle
Tibial tuberosity
Medial malleolus
Head
Lateral malleolus
 Metatarsals: I-V
 Tarsals
o
o
o
o
o
Talus
Calcaneus
Cuboid
Navicular
Medial,
intermediate and
lateral cuneiforms
 Phalanges
 Proximal, middle, and distal
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1.
Label/Shade in with color the Skull diagrams with all of the proper bones, parts, & structures. Note:
each diagram represents a different view. Be prepared to identify parts on a skull model.
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2. Label/Shade in with color the Thoracic Region diagrams with all of the proper bones, parts, &
structures. . Be prepared to identify parts on models.
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3. Label/Shade in with color the Upper Extremities Diagrams with all of the proper bones, parts, &
structures. Make sure you identify view of each picture before you start to label objects. Be prepared
to identify parts on models.
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1.
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4. Label/Shade in with color the Lower Extremities Diagrams with all of the proper bones, parts, &
structures. Make sure you identify view of each picture before you start to label objects. Be prepared
to identify parts on models.
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