Power System Protective Relaying Fundamentals Short Course Outline
October 6-8, 2015
Exponential Engineering Company
Page 1 of 4
Thomas A. Ghidossi, P.E.
August 31, 2015
The purpose of this course is to provide an overview of protective relaying practice and
application in general for a technical audience that is reasonably acquainted with high
voltage power systems, equipment and operations. Participants should bring their own
computers and have Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories AcSELerator software
already installed (especially for Session 13).
Session 1 - Introduction
a. Power System Quantities
(1) Voltage, Current, Impedance
(2) Phasor Relationships
(3) Symmetrical Components
(4) Fault Types
(5) Equipment Information
(6) In-class Example
Session 2 - Power System Sensing Equipment
a. Current Transformers
b. Voltage Transformers
c. Meters and Transducers
d. Revenue Metering
Session 3 – Control, Tripping, Testing
a. Relay Systems
b. Tripping Schemes
c. Circuit Breaker Control
d. Testing and Maintenance of Protective Relays
Session 4 - General Relay Philosophies and Practices
a. Hazards to Power System Operation
b. The Overall Picture
c. Characteristics of a Well-Designed System
d. Classification of Relays by Function
e. Zones of Protection
f. Kirchhoff’s Law and Differential Relaying
g. Primary and Backup Protections
h. General Comparisons of Electromechanical and Solid-State/Microprocessor
Relays
i. Relay Ratings
ON FILE AS: 2015 Relay Class Outline MASTER 8-31-15.docx
Power System Protective Relaying Fundamentals Short Course Outline
October 6-8, 2015
Exponential Engineering Company
Page 2 of 4
Thomas A. Ghidossi, P.E.
August 31, 2015
Session 5 - Transformer and Station Bus Protection
a. Transformer Protection
b. Station Bus Protection
Session 6 - Transmission and Distribution Line Relaying
a. Techniques for Line Protection
b. Definition of a Distance Relay
c. Advantages of Distance Relaying Compared with Overcurrent Relaying
d. Memory Action and Polarizing Quantities
e. Stepped-Time Distance Relaying
f. Ground Fault Protection
Session 7 - Transmission Line Communications-Aided Protection
a. The Need for Communications-Aided Protection
b. Communication Channels
c. Protection Systems
d. Directional Comparison Relaying Systems
e. Phase Comparison Relaying Systems
Session 8 - Reclosing and Synchronizing
a. Single-Shot versus Multi-Shot Reclosing
b. Selective Reclosing
c. High Speed versus Checked Automatic Reclosing
d. Automatic Synchronizing
Session 9 - Synchronous Generator Protection
a.
Types of Synchronous Generators
b.
Generator Stator Winding Designs
c.
Generator Grounding
d.
Generator Control Systems
e.
Typical Power Plant Switching Arrangements
f.
Protective Relaying Specific to Generators
g.
Recommended Protection for Typical Large and Small Generators
ON FILE AS: 2015 Relay Class Outline MASTER 8-31-15.docx
Power System Protective Relaying Fundamentals Short Course Outline
October 6-8, 2015
Exponential Engineering Company
Page 3 of 4
Thomas A. Ghidossi, P.E.
August 31, 2015
Session 10 – Generator Interconnection Protection
a.
External Fault Detection
b.
Voltage
c.
Frequency
d.
Power Flow
e.
Distributed Generation
f.
Renewable Generation
Session 11 - Synchronous and Induction Motor Protection
a. Differential
b. Ground
c. Overload
d. Out-of-Step and Loss of Field
e. Overcurrent, Overfrequency, Overvoltage
f. Unbalance
g. Typical Protection Functions for Small and Large Motors
h. Coordination
Session 12 – Protection of Other Equipment or System Conditions
a. Shunt Capacitors
b. Reactors
c. Breaker Failure
d. Out-of-Step (Power Swing) Protection
Session 13 – Interpretation of Fault Data
a. Phasor Analysis
b. Sequence Components
c. Trip Times
d. Interrupting Rating Integration
e. Fault Location and Troubleshooting
f. System Performance/Comparison with Models
g. Relay and Breaker Performance
ON FILE AS: 2015 Relay Class Outline MASTER 8-31-15.docx
Power System Protective Relaying Fundamentals Short Course Outline
October 6-8, 2015
Exponential Engineering Company
Page 4 of 4
Thomas A. Ghidossi, P.E.
August 31, 2015
Reference List:
a. Mason, C. R., The Art and Science of Protective Relaying, John Wiley and
Sons, Inc., New York, 1956.
b. Applied Protective Relaying, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Coral Springs,
Florida, 1982 and following.
c. Van C. Warrington, A. R., Protective Relays, Their Theory and Practice:
Volume I, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1962; Volume II, 3rd
Edition, Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London, 1977.
d. Protective Relays Application Guide, Third Edition, GEC Measurements,
Stafford, England, 1987.
e. IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms, Fifth Edition,
IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854.
f. IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial
and Commercial Power Systems, IEEE Buff Book, Standard 242-1986,
IEEE Service Center.
g. Electrical Transmission and Distribution Reference Book, 4th Edition,
Westinghouse Electric Corp., East Pittsburgh, PA, 1964.
h. IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power
Systems, IEEE Standard 1547-2003, IEEE Service Center.
ON FILE AS: 2015 Relay Class Outline MASTER 8-31-15.docx