CCOP-41AS/3-9
Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes
in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP)
41st CCOP Annual Session
15 – 18 November 2004
Tsukuba, Japan
Member Country Report
of
MALAYSIA
Submitted by
Chu Ling Heng
Minerals and Geoscience Department
Malaysia
(For Agenda Item 3)
COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES
IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP)
24th Floor, Suite 244-245, Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand.
Tel: (66) 02 672 3080, Fax: (66) 02 672 3082, E-mail: ccopts@ccop.or.th, Website: www.ccop.or.th
ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT
Country:
MALAYSIA
Period:
1 July 2003 – 30 June 2004
GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR
1. MINERAL PROGRAMME
1.1.
Summary
Reconnaissance and follow-up geochemical surveys for gold and the evaluation of
industrial mineral resources, namely clay, silica sand, dimension stone and feldspar, were
undertaken during the period. At the same time, research programmes into clay, silica, rock,
advanced material, and rehabilitation technologies were continued. Meanwhile, coal
exploration was continued in Sarawak and Sabah.
1.2.
Annual Review of Technical Programmes / Activities
Regional geochemical surveys resulted in the collection of 3,057 geochemical
samples over a total area of 3,666 km2. In Sarawak, 1,117 samples were collected in the
Lemanak, Layar and Paku areas; total coverage was 1,496 km2. A total of 883 geochemical
samples were collected in the Sandakan area, Sabah, over an area of 1,400 km2. In
Peninsular Malaysia, reconnaissance geochemical sampling was concentrated in the states of
Perak (950 samples over 670km2 in the Siput, Tapah, Gunung Batu Puteh and Tanjung
Malim areas), and Kedah (107 samples over 100 km2 in the Kulim - Bandar Bahru area).
Follow-up surveys for gold, meanwhile, were carried out in Johor where three
potential areas totalling 3.3 km2 were outlined. In Pahang, gold flakes were detected in many
localities in the heavy stream concentrates west of the Jeram area, and the results of a pitting
programme in the Lipis area indicated the existence of gold colours in some of the pits. The
Tapah area in Trengganu shows some promise as a potential gold target following an
evaluation of the follow-up results, and in Kelantan, the Felda Chiku-Serasa Forest Reserve
area similarly appears promising for further gold exploration.
Several potential granite and limestone resources in Negri Sembilan, Kedah, Kelantan
and Sabah have been identified for dimension stone development, while in Kelantan and
Pahang, the feldspar occurrence was assessed through reconnaissance drilling. Indications
are that the feldspar meets industrial specifications.
Research on local silica sand resources indicate that they have the potential to be used
for the manufacture of crystal glass and to support glass ceramics development. Research
into the development of whiteware ceramic body recipes using local clay resources have
41st CCOP Member Country Report: MALAYSIA
1
produced commendable results. Ponds in ex-mining land have been shown to successfully
support the cultivation of various flora, and this observation has attracted the attention of the
agricultural sector.
Coal exploration was continued in Marapok and Ulu Tutuh, Sarawak totalling 180
km . In the former area, coal seams with a maximum thickness of 0.6m were recorded, while
at Ulu Tutuh, seams ranging from 0.5 to 1.5m thick were noted. About 100 km2 of the
eastern segment of the Middle Pinangah area in Sabah was surveyed for its coal potential.
Unfortunately, unlike the western portion, no coal seams were found.
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1.3.
Porposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support
of Future Activities:
(i)
(ii)
Continue with data collection through geochemical and offshore surveys.
Evaluation of industrial mineral resources and R&D work on such resources
to be continued.
(iii) Assistance requested for will be in:(a) integration of geochemical, geophysical, geological data.
(b) capability building in R&D with specific reference to industrial
minerals.
2. ENERGY PROGRAMME
2.1.
Summary
During the review period, various oil companies carried out data reviews on the
prospectivity of Malaysian exploration acreage. PETRONAS secured five (5) new Production
Sharing Contracts (PSCs) namely:
(i) PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. and Sarawak Shell Berhad for the 2003 Baram
Delta PSC,
(ii) PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. and Newfield Peninsula Malaysia Inc. for five (5)
Peninsular Malaysia Small Fields Development PSC,
(iii)Talisman Malaysia Limited and PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. for PM314 PSC,
(iv) PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. and Newfield Peninsula Malaysia Inc. for PM318
PSC, and
(v) Newfield Peninsula Malaysia Inc. and PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. for
Deepwater Block 2C PSC.
Extensive exploration activities were carried out by the Production Sharing
Contractors. A total of 118,275.7 line km of new seismic data were acquired comprising
11,247 line km of 2D seismic data and 107,028.7 line km of 3D seismic data. Thirty five (35)
exploration wells (29 wildcats and 6 appraisals) were drilled resulting in three (3) oil
discoveries and three (3) gas discoveries.
A total of one hundred-thirty-nine (139) development wells were also drilled during
the period.
Crude oil and gas production averaged 622,000 bpd and 6,000 MMscf/d respectively.
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41st CCOP Member Country Report: MALAYSIA
2.2.
Annual Review of Technical Programmes / Activities
2.2.1. New Acreage
During this review period, five (5) new PSCs (for Baram Delta, Small Fields, Block
PM 314, Block PM 318 and Deepwater Sarawak Block 2C) were signed. The new
exploration ventures concluded during this period resulted in an increase of about 15,582 sq.
km of Production Sharing Contract area, giving an overall total PCS area of 233,554 sq. km
for the country.
2.2.2. New Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) Signed
A total of five (5) PSCs were signed during the review period.
Details of the PSCs signed are tabled below:
No
1
2
3
4
5
BLOCK NAME
2003 Baram Delta PSC
Peninsular Malaysia five
(5) Small Fields
Block PM 314
Block PM 318
Deepwater Block 2C,
Sarawak
DATE PSC
SIGNED
18.09.2003
01.03.2004
31.03.2004
25.05.2004
25.05.2004
OPERATOR
PCSB
PCSB
Talisman
Malaysia Ltd.
PCSB
Newfield Sarawak
(Malaysia) inc.
2.2.3. Geophysical Surveys
The total seismic data acquired was 118,275.7 line km, of which 11,247 line km are
2D seismic data and 107,028.7 line km are 3D seismic data. The details are as follows:
REGION
Peninsular Malaysia
Sabah
Sarawak
Total
2D SEISMIC
7,151
4,096
11,247
3D SEISMIC
4,648.9
61,360
41,019.8
107,028.7
2.2.4. Exploration and Development Drilling
A total of thirty five (35) exploration wells (29 wildcats and 6 appraisals) were drilled
with aggregate depth of 86,824.9 mRKB during this period. In addition, a total of 139
development wells were also drilled.
(i)
Peninsular Malaysia
Eighteen (18) exploration wells were drilled offshore Peninsular Malaysia by
Production Sharing Contractors. PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. has drilled 3 wells, CS
Mutiara 2 wells, Murphy Peninsular Malaysia Oil Company Limited 3 wells, Talisman
41st CCOP Member Country Report: MALAYSIA
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Malaysia Limited 4 wells and PETRONAS 6 wells. About 3 discoveries were made during
this review period in Peninsular Malaysia.
A total of ninety-seven (97) development wells were also drilled during the review.
(ii) Sarawak
Six (6) exploration wells were drilled in offshore Sarawak by Production Sharing
Contractors. Murphy Sarawak Oil Company Limited drilled 3 wells, Sarawak Shell Berhad 1
well, Amerada Hess 1 well and PETRONAS 1 well. One discovery was made during this
review period in Sarawak.
A total of twenty-six (26) development wells were also drilled during the review.
(iii) Sabah
Eleven (11) exploration wells were drilled in offshore Sabah by Production Sharing
Contractors. Murphy Sabah Oil CompanyLimited drilled 8 wells and Sabah Shell Petroleum
Company drilled 3 wells. Two discoveries were made during this review period in Sabah.
A total of sixteen (16) development wells were also drilled during the review.
2.2.5. Production of Oil and Gas
In year 2003, Malaysia’s total crude oil production was 621,900 bpd from fourtyseven (47) oil fields.
In Peninsular Malaysia, twenty-four (24) fields are currently under production and
they are Guntong, Irong Barat, Palas, Seligi, Semangkok, Tabu, Tapis, Bekok, Tiong,
Kepong, Angsi, Tinggi, Pulai, Dulang, West Bunga Kekwa, East Bunga Kekwa, North Bunga
Raya, Yong, Malong, Sotong, Anding, Lawang, Langat and Serudon.
In Sarawak, fourteen (14) oil fields in production namely Baronia, Bakau, Baram,
West Lutong, Betty, Bokor, Siwa, Tukau, Fairley Baram, Bayan, Asam Paya, Temana, D-18
and D-35.
Meanwhile in Sabah, there are sixteen (16) producing oil fields namely South
Furious, St. Joseph, Barton, Tembungo, Samarang, Kinabalu, Alab, SF30 and Erb West.
Daily production of gas (associated and non-associated) was 6,126.7 MMscf/d. The
Non-Associated Gas is produced from Angsi, Bekok, Tiong, Jerneh, Lawit, Resak and
Duyong Fields of offshore Peninsular Malaysia., E11, F6, F23, M3, M1 and M4 Fields of
offshore Sarawak, and Samarang Kecil Field of offshore Sabah with an average production of
4,253 MMscf/d. Associated Gas production in Malaysia averaged 1,873.7 MMscf/d.
2.2.6
Reserves
As at 1 January 2004, the total hydrocarbon reserves of Malaysia is as summarized
below :-
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41st CCOP Member Country Report: MALAYSIA
(i)
Crude Oil
(ii) Non-associated gas
(iii) Associated gas
3.85 Bstb
72,240 Tscf
14,78 Tscf
3. GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME
3.1.
Summary
Groundwater investigations, development and monitoring were carried out in
Sarawak, Sabah, Johor, Kedah and Negri Sembilan. These surveys were largely carried out
by the Minerals and Geoscience Department. Private sector involvement, particularly in tube
well development, was concentrated in Sarawak and Sabah.
3.2.
Annual Review of Technical Programmes / Activities
In Sarawak, hydrogeological invenstigations were carried out in Salidap and Kuala
Nyalau. While the groundwater potential in Salidap is not promising, the Kuala Nyalau area
is capable of producing 10m3 / hr to
20m3 / hr groundwater to support 400 residents.
Under the alternative water supply project financed by the Ministry of Rural Development,
the Department assisted in the construction of wells in the remote and coastal areas to supply
groundwater to some 3,750 villagers.
Four exploration wells drilled in hardrock formations in Kanibongan, Rokom, Datong
and Bongkol, Sabah, were not promising in terms of groundwater potential. However, in
Ambatuan, the 1.5 to 2m3 / hr groundwater yield is sufficient for the needs of 200 residents.
In Johor, three wells drilled in hardrock around Pagoh, Lenga and Jementah can yield
785m / day groundwater to supply 4,300 residents. Two wells developed in hardrock in
Petani and Gurun, Kedah, meanwhile, are capable of yielding 9m3 / hr and 68m3 / hr
groundwater respectively. Groundwater supply for poultry rearing activities were also
successfully developed for Machap, Merlimau and Kuala Pilah in Negri Sembilan.
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3.3.
3.4.
Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support
of Future Activities.
(i)
Continue with the development of groundwater resources in various parts of
the country. Work will be concentrated in the management of groundwater
resources in small islands offshore Terengganu and Johor,
(ii)
Modeling work and delineation of wellhead protection areas (WHPA) will
be carried out in selected areas. Delineation of WHPA using model is
proposed for Tioman Island, Pahang.
Others
The DCGM Phase IV Project Compilation of Groundwater and Geothermal databases
for CCOP region was held in Tsukuba, Japan from 23 – 27 February 2004. The Department
has finalized 242 Malaysian well data which were handed over to GSJ to be included in the
Project’s final groundwater database.
41st CCOP Member Country Report: MALAYSIA
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GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR
4. COASTAL ZONE PROGRAMME
4.1.
Summary
Besides the geophysical and sampling programme carried out in the Kuala Ingan –
Bintulu offshore area, Sarawak, a multi-beam echo sounding survey, and a side scan sonar
survey were also executed in Langkawi. The framework for the National Integrated Coastal
Zone Management (NICZM) policy was drafted. The Department of Irrigation and
Drainage initiated the preparation of the Integrated Shoreline Management Plan (ISMP) for
the North Pahang coastline.
4.2.
Annual Review of Technical Programmes / Activities
A geophysical survey using multibeam and towed side scan sonar was carried out on
the nearshore areas around the Langkawi Islands. A total of 3,862 line-km were covered,
encompassing a total area of 1,100 sq km. The areas covered were in the north, west and
south of the main island where most of the beaches are located. The towed side scan sonar
was carried out only in the northern part of the survey area. The main purpose was to do a
comparative study between the conventional towed sonar image with the processed
multibeam sonar image. Under this project, the multibeam survey is being evaluated as a tool
for coastal zone mapping in shallow waters. Preliminary analysis of the multibeam result
showed the detailed morphology of the sea bed and sea bottom features, like the sand
migration patterns, sediment characteristics and sand dredged areas.
A geophysical and sampling survey was carried out in Sarawak, between Kuala Igan
and Bintulu, in 2003. A total of 1,386 line-km of geophysical data, and 112 grab and core
samples from the sea bottom were gathered over an area covering 10,050 sq km. The
sediment analysis results showed no significant mineral occurrences. However, eight
localities covering a total area of 2,160 sq km were found to have potential for sand deposits
amounting to 2,741 million cubic metres for a mining depth of 1.5 metres from the sea
bottom. The sand deposits range from fine to very fine grain size, with carbonate contents
ranging from 10 to 80 percent and organic content from 1 to 12 percent.
The National Integrated Coastal Zone Management (NICZM) Policy for the country
was drafted. Besides setting forth the Vision, the NICZM Policy recognizes 15 goals for
coastal management in Malaysia covering: economic growth, productivity, sustainability,
physical development, food production, equitable benefits, public participation,
environmental health, biological diversity, cultural and natural heritage, information
availability, coastal science and technology, ecosystem-based management, governance, and
international engagement. The Policy further stipulates 12 principles to govern the manner in
which ICZM should be undertaken in Malaysia.
The Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), which has been authorized by the
Government of Malaysia to monitor and approve all development projects in the coastal zone,
has initiated the preparation of an Integrated Shoreline Management Plan (ISMP) for the
Malaysia’s coastal zones. As a pilot project, an ISMP was carried out on the North Pahang
coastline from Kuala Sungai, Pahang to the state boundary of Pahang/Terengganu in 2003.
The overall objective of the ISMP for North Pahang is to produce a Development Plan for the
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41st CCOP Member Country Report: MALAYSIA
shoreline that is sensitive to the particular conditions of the coast whilst optimizing its overall
development potential. This may lead to some discrepancies with the existing Local Plans.
The ISMP, however, is not intended to supplant the existing Local Plans but supports the
Local Plan system by supplying additional information on shoreline conditions.
5. GEOHAZARDS PROGRAMME
5.1.
Summary
The Minerals and Geoscience Department undertook geological terrain mapping in
selected areas in Peninsular Malaysia and in Sabah and Sarawak whereby thematic maps such
as construction suitability maps, erosion and instability maps, land form maps and physical
constraint maps were prepared. Local authorities such as District Offices and Town Councils
use these maps as a reference in their approval of development projects.
The Department also mapped two major landslides, notably, the Lanjan Rockslide in
Kuala Lumpur and the Gunung Raya Landslide in Langkawi.
5.2.
Annual Review of Technical Programmes / Activities
5.2.1. Geological Terrain Mapping Project
Geological terrain mapping was undertaken in all the States, and various
thematic maps such as construction suitability, erosion and instability, landform and
physical constraint maps were produced. The Cabinet Committee on “Development
in Highland Areas and Islands” adopted the classification system in the construction
suitability maps and had gazetted the system as a guideline for the review of
development projects in highland areas.
A summary of the mapping carried out in the various States is as follows:
Sabah
: Kundasang area (50km2), Sandakan (25km2)
Sarawak : Panda Ruan (54km2), Serian (159km2) and Miri (52km2).
Mapping has just commenced in Bintulu (104km2) and about
20% of the area has been mapped.
Selangor : Rawang (216km2), Putrajaya (150km2) Sg. Batu (195km2)
and Sg. Gombak (153km2). The Kuala Lumpur area
(185km2) was also mapped.
Penang
: Penang Island (480km2).
Pahang
: Pulau Tioman (133km2) and Kuantan (50km2) have been
mapped. Mapping was also carried on 80% of Bt. Tinggi
(250km2) and 15% of Fraser’s Hill (100km2).
Negeri Sembilan: Nilai (50km2), Seremban (50km2) and
Mantin (50km2).
41st CCOP Member Country Report: MALAYSIA
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Perak
: Pulau Pangkor (24km2), Sitiawan-Lumut (36km2) and
Tanjong Malim (50km2).
Johor
: The Gunung Pulai area (60km2) has been completely
mapped. Mapping in the Gunung Lambak area (220km2) has
just commenced.
Trengganu : Pulau Redang (25km2).
Kelantan : Lojing (25km2).
5.2.2. Landslides/Rockfalls
(i)
The Bukit Lanjan Rockslide
On the morning of 26th November 2003, a massive rockslide occurred on a cut slope at
km 21.8 of the New Klang Valley Expressway and debris from the slide covered a 35 metre
stretch of the expressway, cutting off accessibility to both the north and south bound traffic.
Fortunately, there were no casualties.
Investigations on the undamaged sections of the cut slopes further north showed that
these slopes were unstable and similar rockslides could occur and as such, the authorities cut
the slopes back to a more gentle global gradient of about 50° to 60°.
(ii)
The Gunung Raya Landslide, Langkawi
A major landslide occurred at about 2.20pm, on 14th October 2003 at Km 5.95 of the
access road, which leads to the summit of Gunung Raya. In this incident, debris comprising
of soil and rock boulders caused the demise of one person.
(iii)
Rockfall at Gunung Cheroh, Perak
On 5 February 2004 a block of limestone detached itself from the roof of a cave
entrance at Gunung Cheroh. This block measuring 3m x 1m fell from a height of about 6m.
In October 1973, a massive slab of limestone disloged itself from a nearby cliff face of the
same hill, resulting in a large number of fatalities.
5.3.
Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support
of Future Activities
(i) Geological terrain mapping will continue to be conducted in the various States in
2005 with special attention to be given to islands which have potential for development into
tourist resorts.
(ii) A database on landslides, rockfalls and dangerous cut slopes in the Kuala
Lumpur area and in Penang will be carried out.
(iii) KIGAM is conducting a pilot project in the Cameron Highlands using remote
sensing techniques to map out landslide prone areas. The project could perhaps be extended
to other mountainous areas such as Fraser’s Hill and Bt. Tinggi in Pahang.
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41st CCOP Member Country Report: MALAYSIA
6. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMME
6.1.
Summary
The review of EIA reports and groundwater monitoring were the main focus of the
environmental geological programme of the Department.
6.2.
Annual Review of Technical Programme/Activities
6.2.1. Groundwater Monitoring
In Peninsular Malaysia, routine groundwater monitoring on quality and groundwater
levels was carried out in all the States for about 610 monitoring wells. Concentration of the
monitoring work was in areas where the groundwater resource is relatively important in
supplying water to the public, like in Kelantan where 70 wells were monitored. In the Langat
Basin, Selangor, other then the normal groundwater monitoring works, the likelihood of
ground subsidence was also closely monitored. In Sarawak, groundwater was similarly
monitored in the coastal areas where groundwater utilisation is significant.
6.2.2. EIA and Development Plan Review
A substantial number (165) of Detailed and Preliminary Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) reports were reviewed by the Department to ensure that infrastructural
development is sustainable.
Reviews of Development Plans for various growth centers as well as guidelines on the
development of sensitive areas were carried out to ensure geological inputs are being
considered in development projects.
6.3.
Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support
of Future Activities
(i)
Preparation of guidelines on investigation of contaminated land and hands-on
training related to contaminated land investigation.
(ii) Compilation of geological heritage sites in CCOP member countries could be
initiated.
GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR
7. GEODATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME
7.1.
Summary
Under the Geodata and Information Sector, the following activities were carried
out during the review period:
(a) participation in the DCGM IV Project.
(b) participation in the SANGIS Project.
41st CCOP Member Country Report: MALAYSIA
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(c) digitization of geological maps.
(d) development of databases.
7.2.
Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities
7.2.1. DCGM IV Project
The final groundwater workshop was held in Tsukuba, Japan from 23-27 February
2004. Malaysia provided 134 additional well data for the groundwater database. Discussions
were held on the policy regarding the release of the project data. The project documentation
and database are expected to be ready by September 2004 and will be accessible through the
internet.
The final geothermal workshop was held simultaneously with the groundwater
workshop. Malaysia has uploaded 16 additional hotspring datasets bringing the total to 79.
The geothermal database was shown to the participants of the workshop.
7.2.2. SANGIS Project
Data entry into the SANGIS database continued and to date 544 records have been
input into the Department’s main library in Kuala Lumpur. Of these, 369 records have been
sent to CIFEG, France and 355 records have been uploaded onto the SANGIS website.
Following the meeting in Bangkok, 6047 records of the Malaysia’s thesaurus terms have been
sent to CIFEG for compilation of the Asian Multilingual Thesaurus.
7.2.3. Geological Maps
The preparation of digital geological database is an on-going process and during the
review period it has completed a number of terrain maps to provide geological input for
development planning. The Department has also successfully completed three cross-border
geological mapping with Thailand on a bilateral basis, paving way for the harmonization of
the border geology and future cooperation. Uploading of data into Malaysia’s web-based GIS
application continued, providing both government and the public an avenue to purchase maps
online via an e-commerce application. The Department has also contributed to Malaysia’s
standard on Feature and Attribute Coding (MS1759) which is ISO compliant.
7.2.4. Database
The Department is actively pursuing the development of its technical databases which
will be web and oracle-based. The details of a hydrogeological database and an industrial
mineral database were worked out in late 2003 and development work commenced in 2004.
The prototypes are near completion and when completed will be accessible through the
Department’s new homepage.
7.3.
Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support
of Future Activities
(i) The Department is embarking on upgrading and integrating its databases which
until now are stand-alones in various platforms, beginning with hydrogeology and
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41st CCOP Member Country Report: MALAYSIA
industrial minerals databases. It will move on to other databases by phases,
followed by the development of applications.
(ii) In this respect, the Department welcomes technical assistance in the following
areas:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Expert advice on formulating the structure of the proposed databases.
Expert advice on developing applications.
On-the-job-training on various aspects of database development and
management.
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