OVERHEAD M A S T E R ]
The Rock Cycle
Goal • Use this overhead master to show the rock cycie diagram (included in the Teacher's
Resource) to your class.
cooling and
solidification
weathering
and
compaction
and
cementation
SEDIMENTARY
ROCK
DATE
Goal
NAME.
CLASS
• Use this BLM to review your understanding of igneous rocks.
What to Do
•
Complete each statement with the correct term.
1. The word "igneous" comes from a Latin word meaning
2. The type of igneous rock that forms when lava cools at or near Earth's surface is called
3. The type of rock that forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface is called
4. Molten material that is found below Earth's surface is called
.
5. One of two conditions that are needed to melt minerals into magma is
6. A common igneous rock that forms deep and very slowly in Earth's crust is
7. A common igneous rock that forms on Earth's crust is
.
8. The mineral crystals of an igneous rock that is formed below Earth's crust are usually
than those formed at Earth's crust.
9. Molten material that flows from volcanoes is called
10. To properly identify an igneous rock, a geologist must be able to identify the
or the ingredients in it.
her/his classroom only
517
CHAPTER 10
ASSESSMENT
*
NAME;
DATE:
I
CLASS;
I Sedimentary and
Metamorphic Rocks Quiz
G o a l • Use thjs quiz to assess your knowledge and understanding of sedimentary and
metamorphic rocks.
What to Do
•
Carefully read the instructions below
before answering each set of questions.
4. When limestone (a sedimentary rock)
becomes metamorphic rock it is-called
(a) slate
Multiple-Choice Questions
(b) marble
Circle the best answer.
(c) gneiss
1. Sedimentary rocks make up
approximately
(d) quartzite
Short-Answer Questions
(a) 10 percent of the rock that is exposed
on Earth's surface
Answer the questions below in full sentences.
(b) 75 percent of the rock that is exposed
on Earth's surface
5. Define sedimentary rock, and give one
example. (3 marks)
(c) 70 percent of the rock on Earth
(d) 90 percent of the rock that is exposed
on Earth's surface
2. Limestone is used in
(a) construction and decoration of
buildings
(b) road construction
(c) pulp and paper industry
(d) all of the above
6 . Define metamorphic rock, and give one
example. (3 marks)
3. Which* of the following is not an
example ofa sedimentary rock?
(a) shale
(b) sandstone
(c) granite
(d) conglomerate
523
Copyright -0) McGraw-HiIJ Rvcrson Limited Permission to reproduce this page is granted to the purchaser for use in her/his classroom only.
/04 Weathering
(Pg. 295 - 297, 299)
Weathering
Sediment comes
from
rocks that have
down or worn away by a natural process called
Rocks can be
mechanically,
or
.
Mechanical Weathering
weathering is the physical
or disintegration of rocks.
change can also cause
weathering. When days are warm and nights are
cold we call this the freeze- thaw period. At night when the
temperature falls below
the water freezes and
, pushing the cracks
apart. Each day more
water can fill these cracks. The water continues to freeze and
eventually the rock breaks. This process is called
Another type of
weathering occurs when wind and
wear away the
of rocks and carry the
pieces to
place, where the pieces build up.
is the part of the process responsible for
"
" and
is the
part responsible for"
Chemical Weathering
weathering involves the
or decomposition of minerals as a result of
reaction with
, with other
dissolved in
, or with
in the air.
Biological Weathering
weathering is the
breakdown of rock caused by
organisms such as
,
,
or
» and
. Physical
occum, for example when a
wedges into a
rock by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ its way into a crack, just as frost does, As
the root grows, so does the
, and the _ _ _ _ _
pushed apart until it eventually crumbles and breaks.
Grade 7 Science
Student:
(lass:
10 J Sedimentary Rock (page 292)
Sedimentary R o c k is made from
such as hits o f
,
-- loose material,
, and
remains. T h e s e sediments become
and
eioseh
together. Sedimentary rock makes up about
packed and
% of
the rock we see on Earth's surface.
Formation of Sedimentary Rock (page 293)
Sediment slowly settles on top of other sediment layers called
.
The weight of the other sediment and water on top of it causes a squeezing
together called
.
is one of the
most common and useful sedimentary rocks. Acadia School's outer walls are
made of limestone. It often contains the remains of once-living things called
. Three other examples of sedimentary rocks are
»
and
Metamorphic Rock (page 294)
and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are just two examples of the third
family of rock. Metamorphic means "
This type
of rock may be formed below Earth's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when extremely
high
and
cause the original rock, or
rock, to change form. Granite will change into
if it is squeezed together b y enough pressure.
i
mmm
M
Types of
ant
•
Rock
Igneous rode When magma - either above or below ground
level - cools and hardens, it Is called Igneous rock. Igneous
rock Is made up entirely of mineral crystals. Extrusive igneous
r o c k - formed above Earth's surface - cools quickly. The crystals
are small and packed closely together. The rock is usually smooth
and evenly coloured. Intrusive Igneous rock - formed below the
Earth's surface - cools very slowly, which allows the crystals to
grow large. Granite is the most common example of intrusive
rock. Obsidian, felsite, and pumice are other examples.
Metamorphic rock: Rock that has changed due to massive
pressure and extremely high temperatures Is called metamorphic
rock. Most metamorphic rock is created deep in Earth's crust,
as rocks are folded and compressed beneath other rocks. The
pressure and heat cause the crystals to realign or recrystallize.
Examples are marble (from limestone), slate (from shale), and
gneiss (from granite). Metamorphism is a very slow process that
takes millions of years.
Sedimentary rock: Over time, exposed igneous or metamorphic
rocks undergo weathering. The sediment created eventually
settles In lakes or oceans. As more sediment is deposited, the
layers become compacted, forming sedimentary rock. This
process Is called llthlfkxitlon. Some examples of sedimentary
rock are sandstone, limestone, and shale. Fossils are found in
sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock is usually soft and easily
erected in comparison to igneous and metamorphic rocks.
EARTH'S CRUST
Rocks and Minerals
Info Check
1. Explain, in the boxes, the geological processes at work as one type of rock is
changed to another.
granite
a) Igneous Rocks
sandstone
shale
b) Sedimentary Rocks
ml
c ) Metamorphic Rocks
gneiss
marble
© O B the Mark Press • S&S Learning Materials
62
OTM-2109 • SSB1-109 Earth's Crust
WME
i,\l"F
! AS-,
BLM
PROBLEM SOLVING
10-15
| The Rock Cycle
Qoal • Use these questions to assess your understanding of the rock cycle.
What t o Do
•
Carefully read the instructions below before answering each set of questions.
M a t c h i n g Questions
Beside each statement on the left-hand side, place the letter representing the term on the
right-hand side that best matches the statement.
Statement
Term
l . a naturally occurring, non-living solid with a definite
structure and composition
(a) rock
2. a mixture of minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic matter
(b) mineral
3. processes by which rocks form and change
(c) quartz
4. a hard silicate mineral
(d) granite
5. an igneous rock made up of mica, feldspar, quartz,
(e) rock cycle
and hornblende
(f) magma
FI|Mn-tho-Blanks Questions
Complete each statement with the correct term(s).
6. If the minerals in a sedimentary rock melt and then cool, they can form a(n)
rock.
7. Quartz is a common
found in rocks.
8. Sedimentary and igneous rocks can be changed into metamorphic rocks by
and
.
9. If an igneous rock weathers and erodes intofragments,thefragmentscan form a(n)
rock.
10. Weathering and erosion are two of the
that change rocks.
Sorting Question
Write each word in the box under the correct heading below.
weathering
heating
cementation
erosion
melting
11. Processes in the rock cycle
deposition
compaction
igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary
cooling
Kinds of rocks
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. Permission to reproduce this page is granted to the purchaser for use in her/his classroom only.
523
DATE:
NAME:
; VOCABULARY
CLASS:
Rock Cycle
Word Search Puzzle
Q o a l • Use this word search puzzle to apply the vocabulary you learned in Chapter 10.
W h a t t o Do
•
Find the hidden words in the word search puzzle below.
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H i d d e n Words
BEDS
o
BIOLOGICAL
CHEMICAL
CONGLOMERATE
EROSION
FOSSILS
GNEISS
IGNEOUS
LAVA
LIMESTONE
MAGMA
MARBLE
MECHANICAL
METAMORPHIC
ROCK
SANDSTONE
SEDIMENTARY
SEDIMENTS
SHALE
)
524
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. Permission to reproduce this page is granted to the purchaser for use in her/his classroom only.
•'iV