The Cell: The basic unit of life
Cell History
 The study of cells is called _____________________________________
 ______________________________ was the first scientist to use the word cell.
 ________________________________________ discovered the nucleus in 1833.
 ________________________________________________ discovered that animals were made of cells in 1838.
Cell Theory
The Cell Theory states that:
1. All living things are ______________________________________________________ or cells.
2. Cells are the _____________________________________________________________
3. All cells come from ____________________________________________________
Cellular Organelles
The Plasma membrane
 The ____________________________________ of the cell.
 Composed of __________________________________ distinct layers.
 Two layers of _______________________and one layer of _________________________
The Nucleus
 The center of _________________________________________________ (the brain of the cell)
 Bordered by a ____________________membrane, called the nuclear envelope.
 Contains thin fibers of _____________________________________________ called __________________________.
 Contains a small round __________________________ which produces _______________________________.
The Mitochondrion
 It contains two _____________________________________________
 It’s the size of a ____________________________________________
 Contains its own _______________________________________
 Produces the _____________________________________ compound ___________________________.
The Chloroplast
 Contains a ___________________________________ membrane.
 The center section contains stacks of coin-like _____________________________.
 The Grana make up the ______________________________________
 The grana is surrounded by a gel-like material called the _____________________________
 Found in ______________________________________________________.
Ribosomes
 Small _______________________________________________________________ organelles.
 They contain two _________________________________________________.
 The center of ______________________________________________________________.
 They are either free floating or attached to the ______________________________________________________.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 A complex network of __________________________________________________.
 Two types: ___________________________________ and Rough.
 The smooth is _________________________________________ and functions in ________________detoxification.
 The rough contains ribosomes and ______________________________newly made protein from the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
 A series of flattened sacs that ____________________________________________________________________
materials out of the cell.
 Works with the ribosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Lysosomes
 A membrane bound organelle containing a variety of ________________________________.
 Their internal pH is ___________________.
 They help digest food particles __________________________________________________ the cell.
 They are instrumental in recycling _____________________________________________________.
The Vacuole
 Sacs that help in food digestion or helping the cell maintain its ____________________________________.
 Found mostly in ___________________________________________________________________________.
Cytoskeleton
 Framework of the cell
 Contains small __________________________________________ and larger microtubules.
 They support the cell, giving it its ____________________________ and help with the movement of its
organelles.
Cell Wall
 _____________________________________________________ contain an extra structure surrounding its plasma
membrane.
 It is called a cell wall.
 Cellulose, Chitin, and ______________________________________________ are the materials found in these
cell walls.
Cell Types
Eukaryotic
•
Contains a _____________________________________and other membrane bound organelles.
•
________________________________________________ chromosomes
•
Found in all kingdoms except the ______________________________________________________________
Prokaryotic
•
__________________________________________ contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.
•
One ________________________________chromosome
•
Found only in the Eubacteria and Archaebacteria Kingdoms (all bacteria)