CELLRESPIRATIONTESTREVIEW Chemical Energy and Food
For Questions 1–4, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.
1. A calorie is a unit of ____________________.
2. The Calorie used on food labels is equal to ____________________ calories.
3. A Calorie is also referred to as a ____________________.
4. Cells use the energy stored in chemical bonds of foods to produce compounds that directly power the cell’s
activities, such as ____________________.
Overview of Cellular Respiration
For Questions 5–11, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.
5. The equation that summarizes cellular respiration, using chemical formulas, is ____________________.
6. If cellular respiration took place in just one step, most of the ____________________ would be lost in the
form of light and ____________________.
7. Cellular respiration begins with a pathway called ____________________, which takes place in the
____________________ of the cell.
8. At the end of glycolysis, about ____________________ percent of the chemical energy is locked in the
bonds of the ____________________ molecule.
9. Cellular respiration continues in the ____________________ of the cell with the ____________________
and electron transport chain.
10. The pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen are said to be ____________________. Pathways
that do not require oxygen are said to be ____________________.
11. Add labels for the three main stages of cellular respiration and the amount of ATP produced in each stage.
Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
For Questions 12–15, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to
make the statement true.
12. _________________The energy flow in photosynthesis and cellular respiration occurs in the same direction.
13. _________________Photosynthesis deposits energy in Earth’s “savings account” for living organisms.
14. _________________Cellular respiration removes carbon dioxide from the air.
15. _________________Photosynthesis takes place in nearly all life.
16. Complete the table comparing photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
17. How does an understanding of the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration support the theory that
the cell is the basic functional unit of life? Provide examples for both
Glycolysis
18. Complete the diagram by writing on the lines provided the names and numbers of molecules used and
produced during glycolysis.
19. Why is it an investment for the cell to use two ATP at the beginning of glycolysis?
20. What are two advantages of glycolysis?
The Krebs Cycle
21. Diagram the Krebs Cycle and narrate the process to the right of the diagram:
For Questions 22–25, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to
make the statement true.
22. ____________The pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis enters the chloroplasts if oxygen is present in a cell.
23. ____________In the matrix, pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid before the Krebs cycle begins.
24. ____________The compound that joins with a 4-carbon molecule in the Krebs cycle is called acetyl-CoA.
25. ____________Carbon dioxide is the only product of the Krebs cycle that is not re-used or used in other
stages of cellular respiration.
26. Complete the flowchart to show which of the Krebs cycle’s many products go on to the third stage of cellular
respiration.
Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis
27. Diagram the ETC and narrate the process below the diagram
For Questions 28–33, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.
28. In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is composed of a series of electron carriers located in the
____________________ of the mitochondrion.
29. In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain is in the ____________________.
30. ____________________ serves as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.
31. ____________________ and ____________________ pass high-energy electrons to the electron transport
chain.
32. The transfer of high-energy electrons down the electron transport chain causes ____________________ to
be transported across the mitochondrial membrane.
33. ATP synthases produce the force needed to add one ____________________ to each ADP molecule by
spinning when hydrogen ions flow through them.
The Totals
34. How many ATP molecules per glucose molecule does a cell gain from each of the three stages of cellular
respiration?
35. Besides glucose, what other kinds of molecules can be used to produce ATP in cellular respiration?
36. Why is cellular respiration considered an efficient process?
37. Where does the heat that warms your body come from? Explain your answer.
Fermentation
Fermentation is respiration without oxygen. In fermentation, energy is released from food molecules by producing
ATP. There are two forms of fermentation: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. Alcoholic
fermentation is what makes bread rise. It is also used in alcoholic beverages. Lactic acid fermentation is used to
produce foods such as cheese, yogurt, pickles, and kimchi. The diagram below shows the two types of fermentation.
38. Label the process that shows alcoholic fermentation.
39. Label the process that shows lactic acid fermentation.
Glycolysis
Glucose
CYTOPLASM
+
+
NAD
cycles
back
NAD
cycles
back
2 Pyruvic Acid
2 CO2
2 Ethyl Alcohol
2 Lactic Acid
Circle the correct answer. Questions may have more than one correct answer.
40. Alcoholic fermentation is used to make which product?
bread
cheese
yogurt
pickles
sour
spicy
41. What kind of taste do lactic acid bacteria give foods?
sweet
salty
42. What are some milk products made from lactic acid fermentation?
milk
sour cream
yogurt
43. What is one main difference between fermentation and aerobic respiration?
cheese
The two main types of fermentation are named for the products they form.
Complete the chart.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
Reactants
End products
Uses by humans
Energy and Exercise
Humans have three sources of ATP. There is ATP stored in muscles, ATP made by lactic acid fermentation, and
ATP made during cellular respiration. When short bursts of energy are needed, the body uses the ATP stored in
muscles and ATP made by lactic acid fermentation.
Cellular respiration is the only way to produce enough ATP for exercise longer than about 90 seconds. The
timeline below represents the amount of time a person has been running. The time increments are in 30-second
intervals for a total of 6 minutes.
Shade the part of the run when energy is most likely supplied by lactic acid fermentation.
Minutes
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Answer the questions.
44. At what time does the runner’s body switch from energy supplied by lactic acid to energy supplied by
cellular respiration?
45. Which process gives a runner more energy?
cellular respiration
lactic acid fermentation
46. You are in a race that lasts 25 minutes. Where will your body get the energy it needs?
breakdown of glucose
breakdown of fats
47. Compare the ATP production of a sprinter and that of a long-distance runner.
Wrapping it all Together
In the space below draw the overview/connection of photosynthesis/cellular respiration between autotrophs and
heterotrophs. Be sure to incorporate products and reactants. Below the diagram describe the connection and explain
why this is such an important concept including information about the biosphere and primary producers and
consumers.