Gods
Horus, the Sun God, depicted on papyrus
Queen Nefertari and the goddess Athor:
wall painting
Gods
Anubis wears the funereal mask to
the dead
Anubis and Thoth
Anubis weighs the heart of the dead
with the feather of justice and Thoth
records, as god of Wisdom, the
result.
Sobek is watching
Life after death: Judgment
Heart/soul
Truth
Anubis weighs the heart of the dead with the feather of justice and Thoth records,
as god of Wisdom, the result.
GODS accepting offerings
Nephthys
Isis
Osiris
Ra
GODS accepting offerings
Horus
Nephthys
Isis
Osiris
Pharaohs, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CROWNS
THE WHITE CROWN;
UPPER EGYPT
THE RED CROWN:
LOWER EGYPT
Kings usually were depicted wearing the
striped head cloth, a false beard, and an
elaborate kilt, a staff, scepters.
the Double Crown
Pharaohs, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CROWNS
Atef Crown
was worn during
religious rituals.
Blue Crown is a
military helmet and is
often worn during
battles and hunting
Royal Vulture
offers protection.
It represented the
goddess Nekhbet,
the goddess of
childbirth,
mothers and
children.
Royal Uraeus
(φίδι), or sacred
serpent crown.
Hemhem Crown, or
the triple Atef
crown , a very
elaborate form of
the Atef crown.
The head of a typical Egyptian figure is seen
from the side, but the eye and body are seen from
the front.
Figures are usually shown wearing a traditional
crown or headdress and a pectoral (θωρακικό)
decoration across the shoulders and chest.
Pharaoh depicted with the double crown
of upper and lower Egypt.
The cobra protected
the pharaoh by
spitting fire at his
enemies.
Regalia
the symbols of supreme power,
the flail and crook.
the Uraeus (κόμπρα)
The crook is used by shepherds to catch their
sheep. The flail is used in threshing, to
separate the grains from the outer husks.
The pharaoh was recognized only by wearing the Uraeus, which conveyed legitimacy to the ruler.
Pharaoh and his wife

The ancient Egyptian
pharaohs built temples and
put up huge stone statues.

Statue of the pharaoh
Menkaura and his consort
Queen Khamerernebty II.
Originally from his Giza Valley
temple, now on display at the
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

The left foot in front of the right
one shows power.
18η Δυναστεία: Χατσεψούτ: 1501-1480
 Large
granite sphinx.
The pharaoh
Hatshepsut, depicted
with the traditional
false beard, a symbol
of her pharaonic
power—Metropolitan
Museum of Art
18th Dynasty
Αμενχοτέπ 4΄ ή Ακενατόν ή Εχνατόν (1353-1336)
Μονοθεϊσμός
Ατόν
Τελλ-ελΑμάρνα
Nefertiti
Amenofis 4th
Amenofis 4th changed his name in Echnaton
and with assistant of his wife Nefertiti dared
to create the first monotheistic religion,
without icons.
Aton, the god, is depicted as solar disk
whose rays end in palms symbolizing the gift
of life.
18th Dynasty
Toutankhamon (1332-1323)
gold. Toutankhamon and
his wife.
Throne of Toutankhamon
Ramesses II
Ramesses’ wife,
Nefertari
Ramesses II was the pharaoh
who ruled for sixty-seven years
and put up more statues of
himself than any other pharaoh.
Ramesses II and god Horus.
Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Egypt
Ramses II
Egyptian
Museum,
Torino,
Italy.
A princess
Ramses II
Ramses II

Colossal depictions of
Ramesses II at a temple
dedicated to him at Abu
Simbel.
Persians in Egypt: 663-332 BC
Καμβύσης, Δαρείος Α-Β, Ξέρξης Α-Β-Γ , Αρταξέρξης Α-Β-Γ,
Δαρείος Γ΄(Κοδομανός).
Καμβύσης Β΄
Δαρείος Α΄
(νικήθηκε:
Μαραθώνας)
Ξέρξης Α΄
(νικήθηκε :
Θερμοπύλες,
Σαλαμίνα,
Πλαταιές)
Greece:
Αχαϊκή εποχήΠερσικοί πόλεμοι (490-479 π.Χ.)
Κλασσική εποχή
Δαρείος Γ΄΄(Κοδομανός)
Νικήθηκε
από τον Μ. Αλέξανδρο
(Ισσός, 333 π.Χ.) .
The Greeks: 332 BC Alexander the Great
The city of Alexandria was
founded.
323: Ο Αλέξανδρος πεθαίνει και
αναλαμβάνει την διακυβέρνηση
της Αιγύπτου ο στρατηγός του
Πτολεμαίος.
The Greeks: Hellenistic years : Ptolemy
305-31 π. Χ.
Silver tetradrachmo with representation of Ptolemy A'
of Savior, founder of dynasty of Ptolemy. 305-283 π.Χ.
Βερενίκη Α΄
Golden pentadrachmo Ptolemy A΄
Library of Alexandria
The Romans
Julius Ceasar
(100-44 BC)
Cleopatra
Mark Antony
(82-30 BC)
Abu Simbel temples: Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 13th c. BC
Great Temple of Ramesses II (left) and Small Temple of Nefertari (right)
Abu
Simbel
temples:
relocation
.
A scale model showing the original location of the 13th century BCE Abu Simbel temples, the
complex was relocated in 1968, on an artificial hill, high above the Aswan High Dam reservoir. The
photo was taken at the Nubian Museum, Aswan, Egypt.
Abu Simbel: Great Temple of Ramesses II
Baboon carvings above the heads of the
statues of Ramses
Abu Simbel
On October 22 and February 22, the
rays of the sun would penetrate the
sanctuary and illuminate the
sculptures on the back wall, except for
the statue of Ptah, the god connected
with the Underworld, who always
remained in the dark.
Abu Simbel: The hypostyle hall of the Great
Temple, with eight Osiris pillars
Abu Simbel
Φθα,
Άμμων-Ρα,
Ραμσής
Ρα-Χαράκτης.
Abu Simbel: The small Temple
The temple of Hathor and Nefertari, also known as the Small Temple, dedicated to the
goddess Hathor and Ramesses II's chief consort, Nefertari. The statues are 10 m. high.
18η Δυναστεία:
Amenhotep III
The
Colossi of
Memnon
Theban
necropolis
They are two massive stone statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. For the past 3400 years (since
1350 BC) they have stood in the Theban necropolis, across the River Nile from the modern city of
Luxor. In 27 BCE, a large earthquake reportedly shattered the eastern colossus. he remaining
lower half of this statue was then reputed to "sing" on various occasions- always within an hour or
two of sunrise, usually right at dawn. it sounded "like a blow“, "the string of a lyre“, the striking of
brass or whistling. Romans reconstructed them and the singing stopped.
The Karnak temple complex describes a vast collection of ruins of temples, chapels,
pylons and other buildings - collectively known as Karnak.
The Karnak temple complex is located near Karnak (town) and Luxor in Upper Egypt.
The Karnack complex
The Karnack complex, the main place of worship of the Theban Triad with
Amon as its head
The Karnack complex
The Karnack complex
The Karnack complex
The Karnak complex
Luxor Temple: located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today
known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 BC
Στην είσοδο της κιονοστοιχίας του Αμένωφι Γ, δύο γιγάντια γλυπτά του Ραμσή Β΄
Luxor:
Statue at Temple Entrance
Sitting Ramesses II Colossus inside Luxor Temple
Luxor Temple: The east side of the peristyle court of Amenhotep III
Luxor Temple
Luxor
Temple
(Egypt) by
night,
showing
wall
inscription
In Luxor there are six great temples. One of then is
the Ramesseum
Mortuary Temple of Ramesses II - The Ramesseum. Osiris’ statues
The Ramesseum
The Ramesseum: Colonnade
Made of glass
Cosmetic jar in the shape of a
dwarf, from the reign of
Akhenaten. Alabaster.
Changes.
Life after death



The ancient Egyptians
believed in life after death.
That's why they became very
good at mummification.
They wrapped mummies in
hundreds of yards of linen
strips.
They also built special "house
for eternity" to put their dead
inside.
Tombs
The writing on the walls in a pharaoh's tomb helped him get to the afterlife.
Mastaba, "house for eternity" or "eternal house"
Mastabas were constructed out of mud-bricks
(from the Nile River) or stone.
'Mastaba' comes from the Arabic word for a
bench of mud.
Structure. 27th century BC
Statue of
the dead
chapel
pit
Small cellar
in Saqqara
Sarcophagus
furniture
The afterlife was the main focus of Egyptian civilization and ruled every aspect of the society. It was
reflected in their architecture and most prominently by the enormous amounts of time, money, and
manpower involved in the building of their tombs.
The Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza
2590 BC
The pyramids of Giza
The Great Sphinx
They are among the most recognizable symbols of the civilization of ancient Egypt.
Inside the Pyramid
False door
The Ancient Egyptians believed that the false door was a threshold between the
worlds of the living and the dead and through which a deity or the spirit of the
deceased could enter and exit.
They can be carved in a wall or painted on it.
2650–2575 BC
27th century BC
Imhotep was an Egyptian polymath, who
served as chancellor to the pharaoh and
high priest of the sun god Ra (or Re) at
Heliopolis.
He is considered to be the earliest known
architect and engineer and physician.
Greece:
Copper age
Mummification




Over many centuries, the ancient
Egyptians developed a method of
preserving bodies so they would
remain lifelike.
Today we call this process
mummification.
During the mummification
process, the internal organs were
removed from the body and placed
in hollow 'canopy jars'.
The lids of canopy jars
represented gods called the 'four
sons of Horus'. These gods
protected the internal organs.
Mummification
Modern Egypt
1798: Napoleon
642-now: ΙIslam.
Portuguese, English, French abused Egypt.
1869: Suez Canal, Ferdinand de Lesseps.
Suez bridge
1956: Nasser. All foreigners had to leave.
1970: War between Egypt and Israel. Israel wins.
Nasser
Πατριαρχείο
Αλεξάνδρειας
(6ο αι.
Ιουστινιανός)
Μωχάμετ Άλι (1805-1848)
Κόπτες (451 μ.Χ.)
Αιγύπτιοι Μονοφυσίτες
Thebes
The British Museum, England
https://www.britishmuseum.org
http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/menu.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum
Βιβλιογραφία
Εκπαιδευτική Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, Παγκόσμια Μυθολογία. ΕΚΔΟΤΙΚΗ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ.
Παγκόσμια Ιστορία, ΟΙ Πρώτοι Πολιτισμοί, 3000-1500 π. Χ.. Κ. ΚΑΠΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ.
Vandenberg, P., Νεφερτίτη. ΚΟΝΙΔΑΡΗ.
Vandenberg, P., Ραμσής ο Μέγας. ΚΟΝΙΔΑΡΗ.
Vandenberg, P., Η Κατάρα των Φαραώ. ΚΟΝΙΔΑΡΗ.
Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Πάπυρος Λαρούς Μπριτάννικα. ΠΑΠΥΡΟΣ.
http://el.wikipedia.org
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk
http://wordinfo.info/unit/2655?letter=a&spage=1&s=scribe
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians
http://www.artyfactory.com/egyptian_art/egyptian_crowns/hemhem_crown.htm
http://www.touregypt.net
Choose Yes/No. Correct the wrong ones